1993 issue 1 - book review: jesus, the myths of a.n. wilson - counsel of chalcedon
TRANSCRIPT
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8/12/2019 1993 Issue 1 - Book Review: Jesus, The Myths of A.N. Wilson - Counsel of Chalcedon
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A Critique of AN, Wilson's book,jesus
I have been thinking a great deal
recendy on the issue ofCERTAINTI
OF
KNOWLEDGE. How can we be sure
that our
religious
beliefS
are true?
How
can we be certain that the
gospel
events
actually happened? Howcanwe KNOW
FOR
CERTAIN
thatjesus is everything
the Bible claims He is?
These concerns have been on my
mind because of
two
things: (1). my
careful study of the
preface
to Luke's
gospelinLuke1:1-4; and(2). myreading
of AN. Wilson's newly published book,
jesus,publishedinI992byW.W.Norton
& Company,
New
York. It could be on
its way of being a best-seller. Therewere
at least twenty copies in the
secular
bookstore, (Bookstar),where I purchased
my copy.
AN. Wilson is
CERTAIN
that the
gospels are myths, and not at aU
historically accurate. He Writes: Luke's
Gospel looks like history, and liberal
Christian
SChOlaIS,
when they
JiISt
came
to work on it, thought that aU they
needed to do was to correct a
few
inessential erroISin thematterofdates. It
isonlywhen yougoalitde deeperbeneath
the surface that
you realize
that
it
is not
history at all:-pg. 75
1). He is certain there is an
irreconcilable difference between the
':Jesus of History and the Christ of
Faith: and that in attempting to
reconstruct the
':Jesus
of
History, we
woulddo irreparableharm
to
the Christ
of Faith.
-pg.
vii.
(2). He is certain that Jesus
was
not
born in
Bethlehem
of a
virgin.
n
fact,
he
says that the story of the .baby being
born in a stable at Bethlehem because
there
was
no
room for him
at
the itm
is
one of the most powerful myths ever
given
to
the
human race. pg.
ix. If
you
read the infancy narratives in Matthew,
Luke and the Synoptic
Gospels, arid
these narratives alone ..it wouldnotoccur
to you that the Christian religionhadany
claim
to be
morally
serious -pg.
90.
Wilson suggests that
Jesus
may have
been the bastardson ofaRomansoldier,
pg.76.
(3). He
is
not certain about
this,
but
he
suggests
that Jesus
may
have been
married and
was
an
astrologer and
a
magician, pgs. WI, 193 , 202.
(4)
.HeiscertainthattheLord'sPrayer,
rather thanwordsJesus
actuallysaid,
are
a pure distillation of monotheist piety,
pg. 141.
(5).
Wilson
is certain that
the radical
message ofJesus,
as
over against
that
of
Matthew, lllke, john and Paul is that
God forgives and
accepts
evil
people
and
welcomes them into' His kingdom
8 THE COUNSEL of Cbalcedon
January, 1993
BEFORE theyrepent, regardlessof heir
moral rectitude or turpitude,
pg.
33,
144.
(6). He is
VERY
certain
that
''we can
discoum the
idea
thatJesus ever
claimed
tobe the
Second
PeISOnof he Trinity, or
that heever claimed to beGod since
the
NewTestamentneverstatesthathemade
any such claim. We can even discount
thatJesus ever thought
of
himself as the
Pre-existemLogos(Word),sentfromthe
Fatherto'reveal' God.... -pg.,57. Wilson
bearsdeartestimonytohisunbeliefwhen
he wri\fS: For many
YeaIS,
I
was
a
'
practicing
Christian,
and tried
to
avoid
facing
the implications
of
what I had
studiedwhenIreadtheolOf5f
at
university,
(i.e liberal theolof5f). -Ihadtoadmit
that I found it impossible to believe that
a
fiISt
-century
Galilean holy
man
had
at
any time
ofhis
ife believedhimself
to be
the Second Person ofthe Trinity. It was
such an irtheremly improbable thing for
a monotheistic Jew
to
believe. Nor,
having learned how to read the New
Testament
ctitically, could
I
find
the
sma est evidence that Jesus had ever
emertained such beliefS about
himself;
nor
that
he had
preached them.
-pg.xvi
Wilson admits that he
has
been
tremendously inspired
by
the
Writings
,
of Geza Vennes, in patricular by his
book,
j sus
th Jew For
Vermes,
and
those
who
think like
him,
Jesus comes
alive
again as a recognizable Jew of the
first
century. I may as well'start by
confessing that this is the Jesus in whom
I
have come
to
believe.
I believe that
jesus
was
II Galilean HASID or holy
man.
-pg
.
xvii
(7). According to Wilson jesus
experienced some kind of inexplicable
transfiguration similano acomparable
momem (which) occurred in the
life
of
Buddha.
-pg.
156
(8). Wilson is certain
that
there is no
historical connection
between
theLord's
Supper, the Eucharist, and Jesus of
Nazareth .The stories of the
Last
Supper
were
invented,
pg
. xi.
He Writes,
This
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8/12/2019 1993 Issue 1 - Book Review: Jesus, The Myths of A.N. Wilson - Counsel of Chalcedon
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(the fact that Jesus
instituted
the
Lord's
Supper)
is perhaps
the most
glaring
inconsistencyinthe
Christian
claim to be
an historically based religion."-pg. x.
9).
He iscertain that
the
Cross is "the
point h ~ r
we fee the strongest
clJJ.sh
between the mythological Christ of
religion
and
the
historical
figure
ofjesus
of Nazareth.
The
mythological Christ,
who
was
pre-existent
as
the
Second
Person
of the
Holy
Trinity,
was bomina
stable, instituted
the
Christian
Eucharist,
and
founded
the
Catholic Church,
isnot
thesubjectofthis
book.
- This bookis
written
with
the hope that
it might be
possible to say something about
that
other Jesus,
the
Jesus of History."- pg.
xiii. He also writes
that
"those who cling
to
the
belief
that
Jesus
was
the Second
Person of
the Trinity,
or
the
gruesome
ideathathumansincouldonlybeforgiven
by
the
death ofJesus on
the Cross
must
miss
the point of such
Gospel
stories."-
157-158.
"The
fact
thatJesuswas a total
failure
in life, and that his mission, whatever
its
original purpose
may have
been, ended
ontheCross,leadstheevangelistsintwo
contrary directions. -
...
iftheybelieved
thatJesus was the
great
prophet chosen
by
God to proclaim
a
new
religion
to
the
world, it is
embarrassing
for them to
suppose that his death, which cut him
shott in
the
prime of
life,
should have
been in anyway a
set-back. 50,
they all
feel
obliged
to tell us repeatedly
that
Jesus
foresaw
his death, and foretold his
own
Resurrection
after
three days.
rfhe
had really
done
sO,of
course,
his terror
at
the time of his arrest, and the drops of
sweat which
he shed in Gethsemane,
would
have been
so much
theater."-pg.
169
(10).
He
is
certain
that the story
in
Matthew concerning
Judas' betrayal
of
Jesus and death
should
be
dismissed
because "every
word
of this
story" is
"legendary."-pg. 216.
Judas
may have
comm itted suicide as it is recorded, but
"perhaps he
killed
himself in order to
avoid torture
and
crucifixion
rather than
out
ofremorse
fora 'betrayal'
ofwhichhe
was
very
likely
innocent."
-pg.
216.
ll). n
amannerconsistentwithhis
intellectualschizoprenia,
Wilsoniscertain
tlw.t yOl.\ cannot
simply pick
up a
copy
of
the
Gospels
and
read them as if they
were history. Nor
is
it
possible to read
them as if hey were
imperfect
history."
pg. xiii. Nevertheless, he writes that
"for
the sake of trying to convey
what I think
Jesusstoodfor,andwhatsottofamanhe
was, I
adopt the New Testament order of
events.
I
hope that
I
have
not
written
fiction.
-
From this
illUsion, I believe
that it
is jUst possible to reconstruct,
I
hope plausibly,
some
picture
of an
historical
Jesus. But I
have
never lost
sight of the fact
that it
is
an
illusion."-pg.
xiii-xiv.
(12). Wilson is also certain
that
Jesus
did not arise from the dead. He asks:
"How
can
we
reconcile
ourselves
to the
idea that the Fourth Gospel, with its
great
injunctions to
love
one
another asJesus
loves his disciples, should
concoct
such
a whopping lie as the story of
Jesus'
resurrection."
-pg. 66. "Human beings
have
such a boundless
capacity to
fantasize,
particularly
in
the
area of
religious experience,
that
we
need not
question
the
sincerity
of
the
evangelists
when they describe
the reappearance
of
Jesusfromthetomb."-pg.67. Concerning
the resurrection appearances of Jesus,
Wilson writes, "My guess would be that
the followers
of
Jesus-Mary in
the
garden, the
two disciples on the road to
Emrnaeus, the fisherman
by the
lakeside
in Galilee-had
actually
seen James,
or
another
of the
brothers of
he
Lord. The
angelsoryoungmenwhotoldthewomen
thathe
had gone before them into Galilee'
were members
oOesus'
family, who had
come
inthe garden tomb inorder to take
the
body for burial nearer his
home
in
Nazareth."-pg. 171.
(13). He is certain that
the
ascension
oOesus
from
the Mount
of Olives to
the
right
hand
of God
is
absurd,
and
only
stupidpeople
believe that hedid.
His
own
words
are:
"For a modem
observer, of
whatever religiOUS beliefS, it is impossible
nottoknowthatarnanascendingvertically
from the Mount of
Olives,
by
whatever
means of rnil1lculous propulsion,
would
passintoorbit.
Onlydullatdswouldneed
to be told
this."-pg.
3.
(14). Wilson
is certain that
the Book
of
Revelation
is
uncouth in its
Greek
syntaxandstyle,"deranged"initsirnagery
and "irmtional" in its ethics. "It seems as
far
from the
spirit
ofjesus as it is
possible
to be,
and yet it provides tile conclusion
of the Christian Bible."-pg.
250
(15).
He
is surprised with
Christianity's emphasis
on
the
centrality
of he
family, eventhoughJesus,andthe
majority
of Christians
for the
first
three
centuries of
the faith's
existence, were
rathernostile
to
the family."-pg. 254.
(16). Wilson
is certain that "there
could be no greater insult to his Qesus')
memory
than to recite the creeds."-pg.
255.
(17).
Wilson
is emphatic
repeatedly
that
"when the
Churcl1 ttiumphed
over
thesynagogue ...
thedeadlylegacyofanti
Sernitism remained embodied in the
Christian view of the world,"
(pg.
256),
because
it
implicated the
Jewish
people
inthecrucifixionofjesus. WereJesusto
contemplate
the
fate
OF
HIS OWN
PEOPLE AT THE
HANDS
OF THE
CHRISTIANS, (emphasis mine. Think
about
it ),
throughout the history
of
Catholic Europe, culminating in Hitler's
Final50lution,
itisunlikelythathewould
have viewed the missionary activities of
St. Paul with
such equanimity,
(I.e.,
composure). -pg.256.
(18).
In passing Wilson speaks
of
such things
as
the bloodcurdling
mythology of
the
book ofjoshua,
(pg.
10), and that every single thing
prophesied
in
the
First
Letter to the
Thessalonians ..tumed out to be
untrue .. ,"(pg.17): Sd1olarshavebeen
right
to
warn
us not to place too much
relianceuponActsasanhistoricalsource.
January 1993 TIlE OUNSEL
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n
the other hand,
bUried beneath
its
untruths, and its distortions, there are
cluesas
to
what
might actUallyhave been
the
case."-pg.
27. "There is
also
in the
Fourth Gospel a strongly anti-Christian
vein-or at least anti-Christianity
according-to-Paul-or-Mark-or-Luke.
pg. 55. Wilson speaks of John's
''mythological way
oflooking
at
things"
andhis
'mythological presuppositions."
pgs.54-55. ThewriteISoftheN.T. ''have
done their best to
obscure
Jesus altogether in an
encrustation of
fantasy. -pg.
68. Wilsonis
convinced
that
his own representation and
interpretation of he "facts"is
"more likely than the
New
Testament account of
things."
-pg.
172.
So, what happened to
i :
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orworse,i.e.,theBibleisnottheinfallible
revelation
of God .
I
have
read many of the authors listed
in Wilson's bibliography, and yet they
did not inll.uence
me
as
they inll.uenced
him.
Why? He has been so narrow
minded in his perspective that he
has
listed
only onebookthatwouldconttadict
his
entire
thesis.
Why? Is
he
afraid
to be
open-minded?
Is
he afraid of
those
scholarly
books
thatdefend the pOsition
that theJesusofhistory and the
Christ
of
onhodox Christianity are
one
and
the
same-God in human
flesh?
I
have
not
been
afraid
to
read the
books he
recommends.
Why, if
he
is a true
scholar,
has
he
not
carefully studied all perspectives
on this
vitany
impottant issue,
before
he
made his conclusions
and
wrote
his
book?
ANSWER:
Either he is afraid
of
our
books,
or heis ignorant oftheir
existence,
or he simply PREFERS to believe
what he
believes,
without
being
confused
by
the faqs.
And now,
in
conclusiOn,
back
to
the issue of
CERTAINTY
OF
KNOWLEDGE.
1). True faith, in
contrast to blind faith,
recognizes
the
IRRATIONALITY OF OOUBT
in
the
infallibleauthorityoftheBibleindoctrine,
ethics and
history.
Faith knows
that
giving into doubt
is
apandering
to pride
and self-love. God
has
spoken so clearly
and so
powerfully
that doubting
His
i l i ~ revelation is
blatam,
inexcusable
unbelief, not
n
honest wrestling with
the issues.
(2).
Ulckofcettaintyregarding
Jesus Christ and the Bible
is
based on
blind,
irrational,
deliberate
unbelief.
There is
no reason
whatsoever
to doubt
that Jesus is God incarnate as the
Bible
revealsHimto be. (3).
Cettaintyregarding
Christ and
the
Bible gnows out of faith in
JesusChrist
and
the Bible as the Word of
God, and self- surrender of intenect,
hean and life to that Word. ''The fear of
the
Lord
is the beginning of
knowledge.
Wilson pretends that he comes to his
subject with an attitude of
objectivity.
Hewrites, [tisalsonecessaty,
before one
statts,
to empty the wnd and to
take
nothing
for granted. -pg. 8. He
rerers
to
himself
as a detached inquirer.
-pg.
48.
He points out
that the attentivereaderof
theNewTestam
emmustgivehimselfup
to the world-view
which
it represents,
and look at
the
nature of things through
the
eyes
of
men and women
of
Palestine
in the first
centuty. -pg. 63, i.e.,
submit
himself to the
worldview
of
first
century
human beings, not
to
the mind of God
revealed
in the Bible.
He
infonns us that
he learned
to
read
the
Gospels
in
this
demythologizing way
from
the great
Rudolph
Bultmann,
one
of the
greatest
oftwentieth-centutytheologians. -pg.
63.
Rudolph
Bultmann
,
(b.
1884),
was
anything
but
objective when he
approached the study of the New
Testament. He
believed
that
the message
of the N.T. is expressed in mythological
tenns, rnatelial drawn from the myths
of
Jewish apocalyptic literature and the
Gnosticmythsofredemption.
Bulttnann,
appreciates the
critical
spirtt of the
older
liberalism thattaught thatChristianFaith
mustbe reinterpreted in order to square
it
with the modem,
humanistic
view
of
theworldstemmingfromtheRenaissance
andtheEnlightenment,whiledisagreeing
with
many of the
conclusions
of
that
liberalism .He becomesevenmote
radical
in
his
program
of
demythologization by
using the irrational philosophy of
existentialismastheworld-viewbywhich
the
Gospels
must be understood. For
Bulnnann,
as
for Klerkegaard, theevent
of Jesus Christ, which must be
disengaged from the
mythical, biblical
framework
which envelopes it, is not
opentotheneutralhistolicalinvestigator;
it is only
for
faith. - The Gospels
wimess more to the faith
of
the early
Churchthan to any histortcallyveIifiable
events. -Knudson
in
Creative
Minds
in
Contemporary
Theology,
Eerdmans
Publishing
Co.,
pg.
140-141.
The truth s that, contraryto Wilson's
desire to come to the Gospels with an
emptymind,onecanneverescape
his basic presupposi.tions. We all
have
them .
We
never
possess
an
empty mind in this sense.
Evetyonehasagrtdofassumptions
he
makes
about
God
and
the
world,
whichassumptionshemay
not be aware of, and which he
takes on lilith, but by which he
interprets and
assesses everything
that goes on around
him.
As
man thtnhstnhis heart,
sois he, says
the Proverbs.
Bultmann had
his
presuppositions-the critical
spilit of liberalism and existentialism,
i.e., the
belief that
lire is
paradoxical and
that truth is subjective and relative .
Wtlsonhashispresuppositions. HOnesty
and
good
scholarship demand that a
person become aware of his
presuppositionsandadmit
to them, rather
than hiding from them or pretending
they are
not there . Wilson's prejudices
againstthetruthsoforthodoxChristianity
canbe found on
almost every page
ofhis
book It is prejudice and not objectivity
that writes: For a modem observer, of
whateverreligious
belielS,
itisimpossible
not
to Imow
that a man ascending
vertically
from the
Mount of Olives,
by
whatever means of miraculous
propnlsion,
would
pass intoorbit. ONLY
DULLARDS WOUlD
NEED TO BE
TOLD
THIS.
(emphasis mine)-pg.
3.
A.N. Wilson wroteJesus because he
has
an
axe
to grtnd.
Augustine said,
I
believe therefore I
know. Theworldviewsand philosophies
January,
1993
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COl)NSEL
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8/12/2019 1993 Issue 1 - Book Review: Jesus, The Myths of A.N. Wilson - Counsel of Chalcedon
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ofall peopleare based onfaith. Wechose
to
believe
whatwebelieve. However, the
faithis eithera blind,irrational faith or
an
informed faith based on a solid
foundation. Thereare two kinds offaith:
one based
on
rock,
another
based on
sand.
Blind faith
says: the
only way to
knowanythingistrueisbyhumanreason.
Butwhatreasondoesonehaveforplacing
his
faith
in human reason? Saving faith
is based on the
self-
authenticating
authority of the Word of
the Creator
of
the universe.
The
Christian's
faith
rests
not on the
testimony
of men,but
on
the
testimony of God
given
with clarity and power in
the Bible.
Byitsverynarureand
essence faith
can
find
rest
in nothing but a
word
from
God,apromisefrom
the Lord. Any other
ground makes it
shaky,
because
it is human and
therefore shifting and
unreliable. Only a word
from God can
give
life
to
our souls and provide an
immovablefoundationfor
the building
of
our
hope.
When
all
human things
obtrudingbetween God's
grace and our faith are
eliminated,andwhen our
faith
fastens on God's
promises
directly
andimmediate1y,thenfaithwillbecettain
. and
unshakable. Then
faith
no longer
rests on a subjective, changeable
foundation but on an
objective,
abiding
foundation.
The
unshakableness
of
the
foundation is
conveyed
directly to
the
person who, rescued from life's
shipwreck,
plants
bothfeetfirmlyonitin
faith. When
the plan
of faith is
allowed
to
take
root in
the
ground of
God's
promises (in the Gospel), itwillnaturally
bear the fruit of certainty. The
deeper
and
firmer the roots
anchor themselves
in
this
ground, the stronger and taller it
will grow
,andthericherwill beitsfruit."
Herman Bavinck, The
Certainy
of Faith,
Paideia
Press,
St. Catharines, Ontario,
Canada.
TheJesusofA.N. Wilson is not God.
He is not even a real
man.
By Wilson's
ownadmission,heisanillusion,afigment
of
Wilson's imagination, created by his
desperate attempt to find something in
Jesusuniqueandexnaordinaryin
which
he can
trust, having rejected the true
JesusChristHimself.
The
JesusofWilson
is a Galilean holy
man, who
doodled
with his finger in the sand, who had
"sudden outbursts of
anger,
and sttange
Dashes of mysticism; an
exorcists," (pg.
253),
who could not
get along with
his
family, and Who
died
as a
result
ofsome
mysterious conspiracy,
which included
some
very
shadowy
people. In fact,
Wilson admits that
"we shall never
recapture his Oesus') features, his look,
or
the sound
of his
voice;
but
there
a
moments
in the New Testamem where
one has the sensation ofhaving only
just
missed the Presence.
It
is like
walking
into aroom which aperson has onlyjust
left, and seeing evidence
of
their
presence-the
impression
of a head
against a
cushion,
a
glass half
empty
by
the
chair,
a dgarette still
smouldering in
theash-ttay."-pg. 91-
91.
Howpathetic
is this Jesus of
Wilson.
WHYWOUlD
12
f TIlE COUNSEL of Chalcedon January 1993
ANYONE
WANT TO
PUT
HIS FAITH
INTHEjESUSOFWll-SON? HENEVER
EXISTED. HE IS AN IlLUSION.
On the
other
hand, the real Jesus
Christ said, My sheep hear y voice,
and
know
them
and
they
follow Me;
and
~ etmrallife to them; and
they
shall
never
perish,
and
110
one shall
snatch
them
out
of
y hand."-John
10:27-28. True
believers
HAVE heard
the voice ofJesus Christ, andW lLhear
it again, along
with A.N.
Wilson:
JesusChristsaid: Truly ruly say t
you,
Wlhouriscomingandnow
is
when
the
deadshaIlhearthe
voice of the Son of God; and
those who
hear
shall live.
-
Do not marvel
at
this; for W
hour
is
coming,
In
which
all
ho
are
In
the tombs shall hear
His voice and shall come orth;
those
who did good, to
a
resurrection
of life,
those
who
committed the evil to
a
resurrection of judgment. -
John
5:25-29.
Postscript
One last
word
must be
said about Wilson's abysmal
ignorance orhisboldattempt
to deceive
his
readers. He
writes: "The ultra-orthodox
Christians-whether
catholic or Protestant-are so anxious
topreserve
their religious faith
intact
that
they
do
not dare to confront the
conclusioUS of he last
twohundredyears
of New Testament scholarship."-pg.
xv.
What an
incredible statement]
IfWilson
had
read Machen's book, The Orlgtn of
Paul's Religion. listed his bibliography,
then in
this
quote
he
is
deliberately
misleading his
readers. But
Why? Jesus
Christ
of the Bible and ofhistoryrilustbe
discredited in order
forWilson to
sell
the
Jesus ofWilson If he did not read the
bookinhisbibliography,why did he
list
it in his
bibliography?
For "two hundred years"
scholarly
book after scholarly book has been
-
8/12/2019 1993 Issue 1 - Book Review: Jesus, The Myths of A.N. Wilson - Counsel of Chalcedon
6/6
pUblisbed not
only
confronting. butably
refutingtheconclusionsofHigberCriticaI
scholarship on the New
Testamem,
and
on the Old Testam.em fur that
matter
.
Some
of the
most
brilliant, best
educated
and most widely
acclaimed
men in
the
world have written books exposing
tbe
errors of the critics
of
the
Bible.
Let
me
mention
JUST
A
FEW:
1. Stonehouse, Ned, The Witness oj the
ynoptic
Gospels to
o,rut,
1979, Baker Book House, Grand
Rapids, Mich.
2.
Machen, ].G., The Virgin Birth oj o,rlst, 1930,
Harper
&.
Row, N Y
3. Hughes, P.E., ed.,CreativeMiJUlsinContemporary
Theology 1966, Wm. B Eerdmans Publishing Co.,
Grand
Rapids,
Mich.
4.
Kistemaker, Simon, ed Inlerpreting God's Word
Todt Y ,1970,
Presbylerianand RelormedPublishing
Co. Nutley,
N.J.
5. Ridderbos, Hennan, The Coming
of the Kingdom
1975,
Presbylerian
and Relonned
Publishing
Co.,
Nutley,
NJ. .
6.
udd George. The
New Testament and C r i J i c ~ m
1967, Wm. B Eerdmans Publishing Co.,
Grand
Rapids, Mich.
7. Vas,
Geerhardus,
The
Self-Diselosure
oj Jesus,
1926, George Doran
Company,
N.Y.
8. Harrison
,
Everett,
Introduction to the
New
Testament, 1964,
Wm.
B Eerdmans u b l ~ h i n g
Co., Grand
Rapids,
Mich.
9.
Guthrie, Donald, New TestanJent
Introduction,
1974,
Inter-varsity Press, Downers Grove,
Ill.
10. Tasker,
R
V.G., The
Nalure
and
Purpose
of the
Gospels,
1962,Jahn
Knox
Press,
Richmond, Va.
II. Bruce, F.F.,
TheBooksandtheParchments,
1950,
Fleming H.
Revell
Company, Westwood,
NJ.
12. Tenney
,
Merrill, "Reversals 01 New
Testament
Criticism" in
Revelationand the Bible,
edited
by Carl
F.H.
Herny, 1958,
Presbyterian
and
Relanned
Publishing Co., Nutley, NJ
.
13.North,
Gary,
The
HoaxofHigherCriticism,1989,
Institute
lor
Christian
&anomies,
Tyler, Te",
14.Ridderbos, H.N., Paul
and
Jesus, 1974,
Presbyterian
and
Reformed
Publishing
Co.,
Philadelphia,
Pa.
15. Warfield,
B.B., The
Inspiration
and
Authority
of
the Bible, 1964, Presbyterian
and
Reformed
he First 35 Years
Publishing Co. Philadelphia,
Pa.
16. Machen,].G., o,ristianityandl.iberalism,
1923,
Wm. B Eerdmans
Publishing
Co.,
Grand
Rapids,
Mich.
17. Machen
,].G.,
The Origin a Paul's
,1925,
Wm.
B Eerdmans
Publishing
Co., Grand Rapids,
Mich.
18.Hendriksen, William,
New
Testament
Commentary: The Gospel According To MaUbtw,
1973,
Baker
Book
House, Grand Rapids,
Mich.
19.
une,
William,
The Gospel
According
To Marh,
New
lntemational Commentary on th New
Testament, 1974, Wm. B
Eerdmans
Publishing
Co.,
Grand Rapids, Mich.
20.
Geldenhuys, Narval, Commentary
on
the
Gospel
of Luke, New International
Commentary
on
the
New
Testament, 1951, Wm.
B.
Eerdmans
Publishing
Co.,
Grand
Rapids,
Mich.
21.Manis, Leon
,
Studies
in
the Fourth
Gospel, 1969,
Wm. B
Eerdmans
Publishing
Co., Grand Rapids,
Mich.
22.Monis, Leon, The GospelAccording
to
John, New
International Commentaryon the New Testament,
.
1971,
Wm. B. Eerdmans
Publishing Co.,
Grand
Rapids, Mich.Q
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1993 TIlE COUNSEL
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