1994 northridge earthquake 2

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1994 Northridge Earthquake 2 Lecture Objectives -hazard map predictions -mitigation lessons learned Notes from: http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-file-reports/ofr-96-0263/

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Page 1: 1994 Northridge Earthquake 2

1994 Northridge Earthquake 2

Lecture Objectives-hazard map predictions-mitigation lessons learned

Notes from:http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/open-file-reports/ofr-96-0263/

Page 2: 1994 Northridge Earthquake 2

Mercalli Index Quiz

-At what level does considerable damage to structuresoccur?

-Give an example of how the Mercalli Index can be used forearthquake hazard studies.

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Why?

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8 seconds duration

Los Angeles Region Seismic Experiment (LARSE): seismicrefraction study to study subsurface

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Seismic reflection

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A planner’s nightmare

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Landslide locations: cut off roads, pipelines; dammed streams;secondary result produced increased valley fever cases

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Trenching: mapping displacements from historic activity;determine frequency, magnitude, type

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PGA= Peak Ground acceleration

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Summary

-seismic energy focused in many (predictable) ways-mitigation must prepare for localized regions of intense

shaking-need to consider blind faults in hazard mapping-utility of shaking intensity maps: a GIS application of

tagging damaged structures-mitigation engineering: soil treatments, structural

foundation isolation-development of broadcast system following seismic events-special effects of public education: seismic hazard

publications-education: both science and public forums supported by the

USGS