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National oard Dental ExaminationsTEST P CKET f fL4

Compiled released items from approximately 1998 2005

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East Cl~jcago venue Chicago I lli~~ois061 3 12-440-2795 Fax: 3 12-440-2820E-Mail: AS DA @ AS DA nel.o rg Website: v rw\v.ASDAnet.org

TEST P CKET I MNational Board Dental Examination Part

Compiled, released items fromapproximately 1998-2005

Contents Page

Randornly orde red te st item s 3Answer Key 22

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1 VVhich of the iollowing nerves innervates the Which of the following muscles participates in11-~ferioruccal n-iucose of tl-ie floor of tlie oral flexion at tile gleno-liurneral and the huriiero-ulliaicavity? joints?A FacialB TrigeminalC Lir~gualD MylohyoidE Hypoglossal

A DeltoidB BI-achialisC Biceps brachiiD Triceps brachiiE Coracobrachialis

2 Each of the follov~ing tructures increases the 7 Cell bodies of sympathetic f~bers n he nerve ofsurface area of the small intestine EXCEPT one. the pterygo~d anal come from which of theWhicl? one is the EXCEPTION? following?A VilliB. RugaeC. MicrovilliD Brush borderE. Circular folds

A. Facial nerveB Superior cervical ganglionC. Greater petrosal nerveD. Glossopharyngeal nerveE Otic ganglion

3 The ~nfe rior arathyroid gland develops from which 8 In the upper limb which of the following representsof the following structures? a hallmark of lymphatic vessels?A. Second pharyngeal archB. Fourth pharyngeal archC. Fifth pharyngeal archD. Third pharyngeal pouchE. Fourth pharyngeal pouch

4. Which of the following controls parathyroid glandfunction?A. Thyroxin0 CalcitoninC. Blood levels of calciumD. Blood levels of magnesiumE Thyroid stimulating hormone

5 The splenic artery is a branch of which of thefollowing arteries?A CeliacB. Lefl hepaticC eft gastricD. MusculophrenicE Superior mesenteric

A. Contain valvesB Follow the veinsC. Always travel in pairsD. Only found on the anterior surface of the

limbE Contain fenestrations to allow passage of

fluids into the interstitiurn

9. Which of the following nerves is associated wittithe second pharyngeal arch?A. VagusB. GlossopharyngealC. AccessoryD. MandibularE Facial

10 The nluscles of facial expression are derived fromwhich of the following?A. Frontonasal processB. First archC Second archD Third archE. Fiflh arch

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11 Ea ct ~ f the fo l lowing cranial nerves is associatedwttl-I the c avern ous sinus EXC EPT one. Whiclh on eis the E XCEPTIO N?A. FacialB. AbducensC. TrochlearD. TI-igeniinalE Oculoniotor

12 Which o f the following n erves innervates the tastebuds of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?A. VagusB FacialC. TrigeminalD . HypoglossalE. Glossopharyngeal

13 A deviation of the tongue, when prot ruded, awayf rom the midl ine resul ts f rom dam age to which ofthe following cranial nerves?A. VB VIIC. XD. XIE. XI1

14 Which o f the following ex hibits phagocyt ic act ivityin the central nervous system?A. Ependym al cel lB Microglial cellC. OligodendrocyteD . Fibrous astrocyteE. Protoplasmic astrocyte

i 5 Each of the following cell layers is derived fromoral epi thel ium EXC EPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A. Dental follicleG Stellate ret iculumC Stratum intermediuniD . Inner ena mel epitheliurnE Outer enamel epithelium

1 6 . The nerve s of the inter11al hora cic wall lieimmediately deep to which layer of the wal ?A External intercostalB. Internal intercostalC. Transversus thoracisD. Parietal pleuraE. Subcostals

17. Whict i of the following represents the condit ion inwhich a radiograph of a 10-year-old patient'smaxilla shows that two succedaneous teeth areabsent?A. MesiodensE. GeminationC. Dens in denteD. Latent odontogenesisE Partial anodontia (hypodontia)

18 Where is the channel of commu nicat ion betweenthe maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity situated?A In the superior nasal m eatusE. In the sphenoethmoidal recessC In the middle nasal meatus, at the semilunarhiatusD At the anterior extremity of the inferior nasalmeatusE At the posterior extremity of the inferior nasalmeatus

19 In the temporomandibular joint, a very densecollection of organized elastic fibers is found inwhich of the following areas of the articular disc?A. Anterior bandB Posterior bandC. Intermediate bandD. Posterior-inferior lamina of the bilam inarzoneE. Posterior-superior lamina o f the bilarninarzone

20 Which of the following represents a mu scle thatmight assist in depressing the mandible?A. MasseterB. StylohyoidC. TeniporalisD. GeniohyoidE Medial pterygoid

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21. The organic cotnponent of denlil-I S comprisedprin~arily fP . keratin.E. reticular fil~ers.C type I collagen.D type ll and Ill collage11E oxytalan f~bers.

22 Each of the following structures leaves the craniumby way of the jugular foramen EXCEPT one. Whichone is the EXCEPTION?A . Cranial nerve IXB. Cranial nerve XC. Cranial nerve XID. Cranial nerve XI1E Sigmoid sinus internal jugular vein

2 3 Each of the following venous channels has directconnections with the pterygoid venous plexusEXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?A. Maxillary veinB. Vertebral veinC. Deep facial veinD. lnfraorbital veinE. Posterior superior alveolar vein

24. Stimulation of the lesser petrosal nerve in an adultcauses secretion by which of the following glands?A. ParotidB LacrimalC. SublingualD. SubmandibularE. Glands of the hard palate

25 Ameloblasts will not differentiate frompreameloblasts unless theyA. contact dentin8 are touched by odontoblast processesC. are touched by stratum intermediumD. contact stellate reticulumE contact neural CI-est mesoderm

26 Cells that will form file veriebrae have their originin wlhicl-I oi ttie followirig?A NotocliordB . Neural archC DerniamyotomeD Two pairs of soniitesE Intermediate mesoder ~nal lale

27 The nasolacrinial duct drains into which of thefollowing?A . Middle meatusB. Inferior meatusC . Superior meatusD. Sphenoethmoidal recess

28 The carotid sheath encloses each of the followingstructures EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A. Vagus nerveB. External carotidC. Internal jugular veinD. Common carotid artery

29. Following eruption and initial occlusal contact inthe oral cavity a tooth will continue to erupt inorder to compensate for occlusal wear. In responseto this continuous eruption which of the followingis deposited at the apex of the root?A. Primary dentinB Secondary dentinC. Reparative dentinD. Cellular cementumE. Acellular cementum

30 Which of the following cells is most likely to beengaged in mitosis at any given time?A. OsteocyteB. MacrophageC Plasma cellD. ChondrocyteE. Basal keratinocyte

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31 Ftbrocarlrlage nornially occurs IIIA epiglottis6 external ear.C eprpliyseal plate.D interverlebral d~scs.E C-shaped rlngs in the wall of the trachea

3 2 There is a distinct change in the type of surfaceepithelium at the junction of theA oropliarynx and esophagusB esophagus and stomach.C fundus and pylorus.D duodenum and jejunum.E ileum and colon.

33 In which of the following would fenestratedcapillary plexi be found?A Predentin6 Dental pulpC Cellular cementumD Periodontal ligamentE Reduced enamel epithelium

34. Submucosal glands are usually located i n theA fundus of stomach.B. duodenum.C appendix,D jejunum.E. colon.

35 Difficulty in raising the shoulder might be the resultof damage to which of the following cranialnerves?A V8 VIIC XD. XIE. XI1

36 A stab wound creating a pneuniothorax on the leftside will usually result in collapse of which of thefollowing?

37 Sl ia rpe)~ ~~bersrom the periodontal ligamentinserl into which of the following structures?A Bundle bone and dentinB Cortical plates and denti11C Bundle bo11eand cen-~entur??D Cortrcal plates and cementumE Hav ers~an one and cementum

38 In an adult, a Babinski sign indicates damage toA the dorsal horn.B lower motor neurons.C. upper motor neurons.D the lateral spinothalamic tract.E. the dorsal spinocerebellar tract

39. Cell bodies of neurons mediating proprioceptionfrom the periodontal ligament of the maxillary frrstmolar lie primarily in theA semilunar ganglion.B motor nucleus of VC spinal nucleus of VD chief sensory nucleus of V.E mesencephalic nucleus of V

40 In hydrocephalus, excess cerebral spinal fluid isfound within which of the following?A VentricleB Subdural spaceC Cisterna rnagnaD Subarachnoid spaceE Superior sagittal sinus

41. Intelligence and sensory-motor functions of apatienl appear to be intact. However, the patientlacks self-discipline and has exhibited anti-socialbehavior. He is unable to plan for the future or toorganize behaviors into logical sequences. A lesionin which of the following areas is likely?A Frontal lobe8 Occipital lobeC Internal capsulcD Temporal lobeE Parietal lol ~e

A. The lef l lung onlyB The right lung onlyC Both lungsD The rib cage on the left sideE 7he lefl lung and pericardial sac

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42 The neurons of the central nervous systeni that 47. Mucosa of the anterior two-th~rds f the tongueiriiiervate rnuscles derived fror-1.1branr:Iiia arches develops prrniarily fromare found which of the following nuclei?

A. Rathke's pouch.A Nucleus arnbiguus B. tuberculum inipar.B iiypoglossa l nucleus C. foregut endoderni.C Dorsal motor nucleus of X D tiypobranchial eminenceD Nucleus of Edinger-Westphal E. lateral lingual swellings.E. Superior salivatory nucleus

48 Initially, the developing hear1 is43 Wt-iich of the following represents the bas is for the

topical application of fluorides in dental cariesprevention?A. Fluoride penetrates the enamel through the

lamellae.B Keratin content of the enamel is made moreinsoluble.Fluoride coats the tooth forming a uniformprotective barrier.D, The primary cuticle, being less calcified,absorbs the fluoride.E. Acid solubility of the surface enamel isreduced by the fluoride.

44. Which of the following represents the primarymineral component of alveolar bone in theperiodontiurn?A. OsteoidB ElastinC. CollagenD. HydroxyapatiteE. Ground substance

A induced by the notochord.B positioned posterior to the notochord.C. positioned anterior to the prochordal plate.D. between the prochordal plate and thenotochord.

49. Melanocytes migrate to the lamina propria of theoral mucosa from which of the following?A. MyotomeB. DermatomeC. SclerotomeD. Neural crestE. Rathke's pouch

50 . Blood from the cephalic vein drains into which ofthe following veins?A. BasilicB. BraciocephalicC. AxillaryD. Internal thoracicE Superior vena cava

45. Which of the following represents the primaryfunction of cementum? 51. Coupled respiration requires each of the followingEXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?A Attach Sharpey's fibersB. Protect the root from caries A. ADPC. Repair traumatic injuries of the roo t B. OxygenD Supply nutrition to the periodontal ligament C . Carbon dioxideE. Maintain the width of the periodontal D. Electron donor

ligament E. Inorganic phosphate

46. The junction between the 100th surface and the 52 . If the anticodon on transfer-RNA is 5'ACG3', thencrevicular ep~theliums composed of which of the which of the following is its corresponding codonfollowing? on messenger-RNA?A. CementoidB. T~gtitunctionC . Intermediate filamentsD. Basal lar-nina-like structureE . Interstitial crevicular fluid

A. 5' CGT 36 5 CGU 3C. 5 TGC 3D. 5' UAG 3E . 5 UGC 3

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53 Wllicl? of the following is the nlajor storage forrn of 58 Eacl 1 of the following is an anticoagcilant EXCEPTirori iri the body? one. Which one is 1I1e EXCEPTIOId?A Transferrir?B Wemosider~nC Apoferritir-rD. Hen?ogIohin

Ferrilin

54 When a mammaliar? red blood cell is placed in 0.3 5per cent sodium chlor~de;water moves across thecell membrane by which of the followingprocesses?A. OsmosisB. HernolysisC. PinocytosisD, Active transportE. Diffusion

55 Free fatty acids in plasma areA, metabolically inert.B mainly bound to [beta]-lipoproteins.C independent of epinephrine secretion.D mainly associated with serum albumin

P . HeparinB Vitamin KC DicurnarolD Sodium citrateE Any antithrombin substance

The characteristic of the aorta that is n~ostresponsible for the maintenance of diastolic bloodpressure is itsA wide lumen.0 elastic distensibility.C proximity to the heart.D great peripheral resistanceE active contraction.

60 Colloid osmotic pressure of the blood is importantbecause itA. nourishes blood cells.B. aids in blood clotting.C. prevents loss of erythrocytes from the blood.D. prevents excess loss of fluid from capillaries.E prevents entrance of tissue fluid into

capillaries.56 Each of the following is required for normal blood

do t formation EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION? 61. VVhich of the following is most likelyto promotedepolymerization of extracellular matrix?A. ~ a6. PlasminC. ThrombinD. Vitamin KE. Proteolysis

A. CortisoneB CollagenaseC. ChymotrypsinD. Hyaluronidase

57 Which of the following combines with heparin to 62 Which porlion of the nervous system contains theinhibit blood clotting? cardiac, vomiting, and vasomotor centers?A Anti-thrombin IllB PlateletsC FibrinogenD PlasminogenE Thr-ombin

A MedullaB ThalamusC CerebrumD. Cervical region of the spinal cord

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6 3 The concentration of wliich of the following anill-lo 68 Prior to surgery. an anxious patrent has a higheracids L ~ I Ie used to dcter~i-line hether or not systolic blood pressure than previously noted.dentrn has contan7inaled a purif~ed namel Which of the following represents the most likelypreparation? reason?A LysirieB PI-olineC HydroxyprolineD. PhosphotyrosineE. Phosphoserine

A Cardiac shockB Anaphylactrc shockC. Atrial f~brillationD Ventricular f~brillationE Decreased arterial compliance

64 Calcium is transported in the blood i n combination 69 Reduced renal blood flow can cause hypertensioriwith which of the following? by which of the following?A. AlbuniinB. CitrateC. HemoglobinD Beta-globulin

A. Release of reninB. Reflex vasoconstrictionC. Retention of potassium in bloodD. Increased output of epinephrine

65. Sympathetic stimulation most likely produces which 70 Which of the following describes the effect of aof the following? drug that inhibits renal carbonic anhydrase?A. Glycogen synthesisB Bronchial dilationC. Decreased mental activityD. Decreased metabolic rateE lncreased blood flow to the skin

A. It decreases urea clearance.B It increases the Tm for glucose.C It increases the acidity of the urine.D. It decreases sodium reabsorption in theproximal tubule.

66 Which of the following is the same value for 71 The composition of plaque is most similar to whichintracellular and interstitial fluid? of the following?A. [Na ]s [CI-1c. [K ]D. Colloid osmotic pressureE Total osmotic pressure

A. BoneB. EnamelC. CalculusD Oral bacteriaE. Saliva

7 2 Which of the following substances is the67 Which of the following explains why an increased predominant source of ATP at MODERATE levelsillllng of the ventricle during diastole causes a for greater than 60 minutes) of activity?more forceful hear1 beat? The increased ventricular

volume A. Amino acidsB. Fatty acidsA. din~ inish es he refractory period of the C. Carbohydratesventricle D Proteins

B increases end-diastolic fiber length.C facilitates conduct~onn the heart.D. produces a less than opi~maload.

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7 3 Wh ich of the fo llov~ing ubstances has a c lea r -a r ic~ratr: that IS greater than the glomcrular i i i trationrate (GFR) ?/A Para-aniinohippur ic ac id (P AtI)B Potass iun lC . GlucoseD Urea

74 What is the biological significance of the extensivedegeneracy of the genet ic code?A . Alters the amino acid sequence of proteinsencoded by the DNAB Mrnirnizes the deleterious effect o f mutationsC Ma ximize s the benefic ial effect of mutationsD Increases chain terminationE Lea ds to active proteins

75 Which of the fo llowing types o f b lo t t ing can beused to ident ify DN A restr ict ion f ragments?A EasternB SouthernC. Nor the rnD. Western

76. The catabolism of which of the fol lowing results inno energy production in the form of ATP?A . L i p i d8 Prote inC NucleotideD Carbohydrate

77 Which of the fol lowing substances is released byblood platelets and causes platelets to sticktogether?A Thromb inB FibrinogenC PhospholipidsD Thromboxane A2E Prostacyclin 12 (Pg12)

7 8 Peptide horniones generally exerl ih ei r e f f e ~ iI t - i ro i~y i - Ithicfr of the foliovdrr-iy?A. Intracellular receptors and stin-~ulatirig roteit-isynthesisB Receptors on the cell nien?brar?ear idstimulating protein synthesisC Intr-acellular receptors and altering thesp ec if~ c ctivity of certair? enz ym esD Receptors on the cell membrane andaltering the specifrc activity of cer tain

enzymes

79 During the period of isovolurnetric contractiori,which of the following happens?A. The semilunar valves are open .B The leR ventricular pressure is rising rapidly.C The aortic pressure is slightly less than theleft ventricular pressure.D The right ventricular pressure is greater thanthe left ventricular pressure.

80. Glucose reabsorption in the neph ron is usuallycompleted in which of the fol lowing?A. Distal tubuleB. Loop of HenleC. Collecting ductD Proximal tubule

81. Which of the following represents the correct sizeand characteristic of the nerve fibers that conductsensory input of pain from the oral-facial region?A. Large diameter, myelinatedB Small diameter, myelinatedC Large diameter, unmyelinatedD Smal l d iameter, u nn~y el inatedE Intermediate diameter, myelir-iated

82 As blood flows through the periodontal niem brane .tr-emendous pressures occur in response toforceful occlusion. Blood flow is tempo ral-ilyreduced, but platelets do not aggregate because ofthe presence ofA . ~ a .B ADP.C . thrombin.D. throniboxane A2E. prostacyclin (Pg12).

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8:: I417 exampit: o synergism is the effectc of1 . ir-isul~i-~rid glucagot? on blood g lucose.B estroger-r n d progesterone on uterilie

mot~irty.C growth tiornior~e rid tliyr-oxrrie on skeletal

grov\lthD antidiuretic ho rnlone and aldoster-one onpotassrum excr-etrori

84 The jaw jerk reflex is an exaniple of wh ich of thefollowing reflexes?A. Load0 FlexorC . WithdraviiaiD. Dynamic stretch

8 The st retch reflex 1s an example of whrch of thefoilowing reflexes?A. Withdrawal8. NociceptiveC. PolysynapticD Monosynaptic

86. A patient bites down rapidly on an unexpectedhard surface while chewing. Cessation of motorunit recruitment in aw closing muscles is causedby stimulation ofA rnuscle spindles.6 mucosai mechanoreceptors.C. periodontal mechanoreceptors.D nociceptors in the dental pulp.

87 Which of the following statements aboutnorepinephrine is cor-rect?A. Causes cardiac acceleration6 Causes general vasodilationC . Causes vasodilation In vessels of the skinD. Has a negative inotropic effect on the heartE Is the preganglionic sympatheticneurotransmitter

88. \r\lhic.hof ltl e followirtg n-rolecules causes theactivaiiur I of 17-ryosir-I irlase 3 rd the coi.lirac lio~-Ist?-toothn-iuscle iA. Actir-IB. Tropor-tinC . Caln-ioduliriD. CalcitoninE Cholecalcifer.ol

89. Which of the following is the primary differencebetween juxtameduliary and cortical nephrons?A. Renal plasma flowB. Filtration fractionC. Length of the distal tubuleD Length of the prox imal tubuleE Length of the thin segment of the loop ofHenie

90. Which of the following is an essential elementfound in all cytochromes?A. CoB. CuC . FeD. MgE. Zn

91 Acute cyanide poisoning would most likely lead towhich of the following?A. lncreased oxygen concentration in arteriaiblood8. lncreased carbon dioxide concentration invenous bloodC. Decreased oxygen extraction by peripheraltissuesD. lncreased oxygen exir-action by peripheraltissuesE. Decreased carbon dioxide concentration inarterial blood

92. Chondroitin sulfate is a major component of vdliichof the following?A. Hair0 MucinC. CartilageD. Bacterial ceil wallsE Blood group substance

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93 \riltiich of I t I C followirrg cliaracter~zes otli activetransporl and facilitated diffusion?A. Hydrolysis of ATPB Conipetitive inhibitionC Transport bidirectionalD Transport against a concentration gradient

94 Wh ~ch f the following has the most etlect instiniulating respiration?A Increase in blood pHB Decrease in arterial p 02C Increase in arterial pC0 2D. Decrease in blood pHE. Decrease in arterial pC0 2

95 Which of the following proteins is involved withbacterial aggregation and subsequent eliminationfrom the oral cavity?A. Gustin0 StatherinC. LactoferrinD. Secretory IgA

96. Thyroid hormones are synthesized from which ofthe following amino acids?A. TyrosineB. DopamineC. HistidineD. ThreonineE. Tryptophan

97 Which of the following enzymes is responsible f o ~inactivating catecholamines?A. PhosphodiesteraseB. Monoamirie oxidaseC. Amino decarboxylaseD. Tyrosine hydroxylase

98 Protein and RNA synthesis occur in each of thefollowing phases of the cell cycle EXCEPT one.Wliich one is the EXCEPTION?A. GoB GIC SD. G2E. M

99 Wt-iicti niain product of protein riitroger?metabolisnlis lourid ill human urine ?A UreaB AmmoniaC CreatineD Uric acidE Creatin~ne

100. Each of the following is expected to be activeduring fatty acid biosynthesis EXCEPT one. Whichone is the EXCEPTION?A Tricarboxylic acid cycleB Pyruvate dehydrogenaseC Amino acid catabolismD Beta oxidationE Glycolysis

101. Which of the following statements best describesthe roots of a maxillary first molar?A The mesiofacial root usually tips mesially in

its apical one-third.B The palatal root has a concave facial

surface.C The palatal root is flattened and concave on

its mesial and distal surfaces.D The distofacial root is flattened and concaveon its facial surface.

102. Which of the following represents the location ofthe lingual height of contour on the crown of themandibular second premolar?A Middle thirdB Occlusal thirdC. Same third as that tooth s buccal height ofcontourD Same third as the lingual height of contour

on the crown of the maxillary premolarsE. Same third as the lingual height of contour

on ttie crown of the mandibular first premolar

103. When viewed from the facial aspect, the crown ofthe mandibular first premolar has an occlusaloutline that nornially exhibits which of the iollowingcharacteristics?A Cusp tip which is offset to ttie distalB Cusp tip which is centered mesiodislallyC Disto-occlusal slope which is longer than ttie

niesio- occlusal slopeD. Mesio-occlusal slope which is longer than

the disto- occlusal slope

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904 -vdo pulp ca rials are most cornrn only foun d in theA. roo l o a man dibular cer-itral incisor.B facial root of a maxil lary f~rst remolar.drstal root of a mandibular f ~ r s tmolar.D mes ial root of a mandibular frrst molar.E rnesiofacial rool of a n-~axil laryirst molar.

105. In the triangle form ed b y the projection of theorifrces of the canals of a maxil lary f irst n~ ola r heA . l ine connecting m esial with l ingual is longest.B. l ine connect ing d is ta l w~thingual is longest.C l ine connecting m esial with distal is longest.D. angle at the distol ingual canal is obtuse.E. angle at the mesiofacial canal is obtuse.

106 Wh ich of the fol lowing attaches the root surface tothe alveolar bone?A CementumB. Attached g ing ivaC . Dentinal tubulesD Periodonta l l igamentE. Cementoen amel junction

107. Which of the fol lowing anatomic structures is foundjust l ingual to the maxil lary central incisors?A Incisive foramenB. Canine eminenceC. Maxil lary tuberosityD External oblique ridgeE. Greater pa la tine foramen

108. Wh ich of the fol lowing papil lae would normally befound in the buccal vestibule?A . Parotid6 inc is iveC Fungi formD InterdentalE. Circumvallate

109. The bulk of a tooth consists ofA pulp.B. crown.C dentin.D enamel.E. cernentuni

110 The part of the tooth w~ liich . t a given m on-rent isexp ose d to the oral cavity 1sA. the anatomic crown.B the clinical crow n.C the functional clrnical crown and root.D. measurably larger r r young persons than rn

older persons.E not effected by periodontal health.

111 The anatomic crown S that portion of a tooth thatisA . in occlusion.B exposed to oral fluids.C. coronal to the cervical line.D. occlusal to the gingival margins.

112. A patient has an extremely wide notched tooth inthe mandibular left central incisor position. Clinicaland radiographic examinations reveal 28 teethhave erupted but four third molars have noterupted. Which of the following conditrons exists?A FusionB. Den s in denteC. ConcrescenceD. DilacerationE Gemination

113 Wh en compared to a maxillary f irst molar the rootsof a maxillary second molarA. are longer.B. are more divergent.C are fewer in number.D . have less potential for fusion.E. are greater in distal inclination

114 Which of the following teeth is the most likely tohave a bifurcated root?A Maxillary central incisorB. Maxillary lateral incisorC. Mandibular lateral incisorD. Maxillary canineE. Mandibular canine

115. Which of the following primary teeth does a secondprernolar replace when it erupts into the ora lcavity?A. CanineB. First premolarC. Second premolarD . First molarE. Second molar

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I VVIircli of ti-lc followirng describes the contactelatior->st-lip etween a rnaxillar-y cer lira1 irncisor a1 16a maxillary lateral rnclsor?A Contact is offset to the lingual.B Contact is centered irncisocervically.C . Lingual embrasure is larger than the facialembrasure.D lncisal embrasure is the largest of all the

embrasures.

1 17. In the horizontal plane, as the mandib le moves it1 alateral excursion, the midline of the mandibleniovesA . straight anteriorly.B straight posteriorly.C. straight laterally.D. anteriorly and laterally.E. posteriorly and laterally.

118. A patient presents with symptoms of an acuteabscess on the maxillary left lateral incisor. Thereare no clinical signs of decay or restoration.Radiographically, which of the following will mostlikely be shown as the cause of the abscess?A. Agenesis3. DilacerationC. ConcrescenceD. Dens in denteE. Enamel pearls

119. Each of the following can be found in the dentalpulp EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?A. Nerve tissueB Blood vesselsC CementoblastsD . Lymph vessels

120. Which of the following molar roots is widefaciolingually and concave on both mesial andd~s tal urfaces?A. Distofacial of a maxillary flrstB . Lingual of a maxillary frrstMesial of a mandibular flrstD Distal of a mandibular frrst

121 The d~s tolingual usp of which of the followingmolar-s might be absent?A. Maxillary frrstB . Mandibular f~ rslC Mandibular thirdD. Maxillary third

122. 1 a right virorkirig ~nioven-rent,hc Ilngual cusp of amaxiliar-y rrght second premolar passes througt-Iwlhich of the following mandibular structures?A. Facral gr-oove of the right first molarB. Lingual groove of t i e right frrst molarC Ernbrasure between the right firsf premolar

and the right second prernolarD. Embrasure between the right secondpremolar and the right flrst n~olar

123. The proximal contact areas between anterior teethare incisal to the middle third of the teeth. Which ofthe following is an EXCEPTION to this rule?A. The mesial contact of a maxillary canineB. The distal contact of a maxillary canineC . The mesial contact of a maxillary lateralincisorD. The mesial contact of a mandibular lateral

incisor124. When the mandible performs a laterotrusivemovement, the laterotrusive-side condyle movesprimarily about which of the following axes?

A. Vertical6 SagittalC. HorizontalD. Transverse

125. During a visual examination of a patient who has asevere clenching habit, which muscle would oneexpect to see enlarged?A . Masseter8 TemporalisC. Medial pterygoidD . Lateral Pterygoid

126. From the occlusal aspect, which of the followingrepresents the most frequently seen form of amaxillary second molar?A. Round8. SquareC . TrapezoidalD. RhomboidalE. Hearl-shaped

127. Initiat~on f calciflcat~onor- the mandibular centr-a1incisor normally occurs a1A. 3-4 months of age8 1 year of age.C . 2 3 years of age.D. 4-5 years of age.E. 6-7 years of age.

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121: The oblique ridge of the rnaxillal-y molar-s extendsIjt-tweerl wt-~icliwo cusps?A Mes~o iaci al nd distofacialB Mesiolingual and distolingualC Ivlesiolrngual and distofacialD Mesiofacial and inesiolingualE Mesiofacial and distolingual

129. A age 8 the maxillary first molar hasA a mesial contact with the primary frrst molar.B a distal contact with the second molar.C no mesial contact.D no distal contact.E . not yet erupted.

130. Of the primary maxillary teeth, the ce ~ i c a lidgewould stand out most prominently as a distinctentity on which surface of which molar?Surface

A First DistofacialB. First MesiofacialC. Second DistofacialD. Second MesiolingualE . Second Distolingual

131. Which groove of the mandibular first molar doesthe maxillary mesiolingual cusp pass through in alateral excursive movement on the working side?A. BuccalB LingualC. CentralD. Distobuccal

132. Which of the following premolars frequently hasonly one pulp horn?A Maxillary firstB Mandibular firstC. Maxillary secondD. Mandibular second

133. Tlhe incisal embrasure is the snlallest betweenwlil ch of the following two teeth?A. Maxillary central incisorsB Mandibular central incisor-sC . Maxillary central and lateral incisorsD. Maxillary lateral incisor and canineE Mandibular lateral Incisor and central incisor

134 . V\k~er-tn its norn.ral posilioi? relative to tihe arc11fo~r l- I he cro\yr-Iof a rrrar-ldibular frrct rntolar ir-tcli~rler-A. drstally and facially.B niesially and facially.C mesially and linguallyD distally and lingually.

135. Which of the following teeth might possess threecusps?A. Maxillary second pr-eniolar and maxillary frrstmolarB Maxillary second premolar and mandibularflrst premolarC . Maxillary first molar and mandibular secondmolarD. Maxillary second molar and mandibular f~rstpremolarE. Maxillary second molar and mandibularsecond premolar

136. Each of the following grooves originates in thecentral pit of the maxillary second molar (four cusptype) EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A. BuccalB. CentralC. DistolingualD. Transverse grooves of oblique ridge

137. When the mandible moves from maximumintercuspal position distally, any tooth contacts thatoccur are calledA. retrusive contacts.B. protrusive contacts.C. mediostrusive side contacts.D. laterotrusive side contacts.E. lateral protrusive contacts.

138. Between which of the following permanent teeth isthe lingual ernbr-asuresmaller than the facialembrasure?A. Maxillary frrst premolar and maxillary secondpremolar6 Maxillary second molar and maxillary thir-dmolarC I\/iandibular first molar 2nd mandibularsecond molarD. Mandibular f~rst renlolar and mandibularsecond premolar

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39 On a mandibular frs t molar the dlstofacial grooveserves as an esc;apeway for the niesiolir?gual cus l~of tile rr-~axillaryirst molar durirlg which of thefollowing mandil~ularmovernents?A WorkingB Non-workingC ProtrusiveD. Centric slide

140. Which of the following primary grooves uniting inthe distal pit on the occlusal surface of themandibular second molar represents the one thatnormally has no counterparl i n the distal pit of thef~rstmolar?A. DistolingualB DF triangularC DL triangularD Distal marginalE Distal portion of the central

141. Which of the following best describes the cervicalmargin on the facial c rown surface of the maxillaryfirst molar?A StraightB Evenly convex toward the apexC. Evenly convex toward the occlusalD. Irregularly convex toward the apexE Irregularly convex toward the occlusal

142. Which of the following represents the mostcommon type of root anomaly o n the mandibularf~rst remolar?A DwarfingB ElongationC. BifurcationD ConcrescenceE Trifurcation

143. Which of the following teeth represents the onemost likely to present with three roots?A. Mandibular central incisorB Mandibular second premolarC. Mandibular canineD Maxillary f~rst reniolai-E Maxillary second premolar

144. Wli icl i of the followirig represents the slructure inthe I-r-iaxillaryalveolar bone that n~axillary remolarroofs occasionally penetrate?A AntrumB Nasal septumC Frontal sinusD. Zygomatic archE Mandibular fossa

145. Which of the following jaw posit ions is determinedalmost exclusively by tooth contact?A Rest positionB Terminal hingeC Maximum openingD Maximum protrusiveE lntercuspal positlon

146 In a CUSP TO FOSSA contacting relationship inintercuspal position the maxillary first premolar ismost likely to articulate with which of the followingmandibular teeth?A. Lateral incisorB Lateral incisor and canineC First premolarD Canine and first premolarE First premolar and second premolar

147 Which of the following is least likely to contribute toor affect stability of the dental arch form?A Periodontal healthB Plane of occlusionC Occlusal contact forcesD Interproximal contact formE Forces exerted by the lips and tongue

148. When viewed from the frontal plane andprogressing posteriorly the axial inclination of thecrowns of maxillary posterior teethA remains vertical.0 inclines lingually.C inclines distally.D inclines mesially.E inclines buccally.

149 When viewed from the sagittal plane the axialinchnation of Ihe anterior teethA rernains vertical.B inclines facially.C inclines mesially.D inclines distally.E. inclines lingually.

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150 Ti -~ e resence of n?snielor-ison a 19-year-oldpatlent suggests whict? of the follovdiiig condilioris ?A FluorosisB li/ialforniat~o~.rC MalnutritioriD Delayed el-uptionE . Anterior open bite

151 In osteonialacia, bones are weak because of thefailure oiA. remodeling of bone.B. bone matrix formation.C . osteoblast proliferationD. bone matrix calcificationE. interstitial growth of cartilage

152 Whi ch of the following is the most commonlocation for an atherosclerotic induced aneurysm?A Thoracic aortaB. Abdominal aortaC Coronary arterlesD Arch of the aortaE Common iliac arteries

153 Each of the following statements about poliovirusinfections is correct EXCEPT one. Which one isthe EXCEPTION?A. Most infections are subclinical.B Paralysis is an uncommon outcome o finfection.C There are 3 types of poliovirus, making 3infections possible.D V~russ predominantly shed from the bodyand transmitted in respiratory secretions.E Some damaged neurons may b e repaired,restoring lost functions.

154 Which of the following can result if an individualhaving reactivation of latent varicella zoster virustransmits virus to a seronegative individual?A. ShinglesB ChickenpoxC lierpes labialisD Infectious mononucleosisE. Iierpetic gingivostoniatitis

155 Which of the following conditions might be an initialmanifestation of early, acute l i lV infection?A. Kaposi s sarcomaB. Wasting syndromeC Oral hairy leukoplakiaD Mononucleosis-like syndromeE Pneumocyslis carin~i neumonia

156 VVhicti of the following pathogetis is tl-re singlernosi coninion cause of sexcially trarisniitteddisease it the U.S.?A . Treponenia pallidurnB . Haeniophilus ducreyiC. Chlaniydra trachomatisD Herpes simplex virusE. Huniari immunodeficiency virus

157. Which of the following represents the mechanismof action of diphtheria toxin?A. Activates CAMPB. Causes cytolysisC . Inhibits translationD. Inhibits transcriptronE. Inhibits DNA replication

158 Each of the following fluids is considered one thatcan transmit HIV EXCEPT one. Which one IS theEXCEPTION?A . SemenB. SerumC SalivaD Amniotic fluidE Breast milk

159. Which of the following represents the anaerobicorganism that is cultured from gingival scrapingsand that forms black colonies on hemin-containingculture media?A Sarcina luteaB Bacillus anthracisC. Veillonella alcalescensD. Porphyromonas gingivalisE. Alpha-hemolytic streptococcus

1GO Beta 1 4 linkages connect N-acetyl glucosamineand N-acetyl muraniic acid. The resulting polymeris found in bacterialA. flagella.B . capsules.C . cell walls.D. metachroniatic granules

161. Rough pneuniococci that are grown in thepresence of DNA from smooth pneuniococcidevelop capsules. This process IS termedA. translation.B. transduction.C. transformationD. conjugation.

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During a17 outbre ak of gastroe nteritis c aus ed bySalri ionella; a strairi of the species sudder-~lyappears to be res is tan l to severa l an l i l~ io i ics .VVliich of the following best explains why?A . Parent strain has undergone several

mutat ionsB Parent strairi has acqulred a plasmid.C There are several specres of Salmonella

present, each resistant to one antibiotic.0 Ne w strain is a species of Escherichia coli,which has acquired v i rulence by mutat ion.

163. Which of the following karyotypes is found inTurner syndrome?A. 45, XOB . 45 YOC . 4 6 , X XD 4 7 , X X YE . 47. XYY

164. Which of the fol lowing viruses are frequentlyassociated with eye infections?A. Mum ps and measles v i rusesB Parainfluenza and rubella virusesC. Coxsackievirus an d rhinovirusesD. Adenoviruses and reovirusesE Herpes simplex virus and adenoviruses

165. In humans, the mum ps virus is transferred byA. food.B. feces.C. flies.D saliva.

166. Hum an leukocyte antigen HLA ) Class I moleculesare found on which of the fol lowing?A All nucleated celisB C D 4 + T cells onlyC. Epithelial cells onlyD HLA C lass 1 1 1 cells onlyE Mesenchymal cells only

167 Soft and hard tissue n ecrosis char-acterizes wli ic l iof the fol lowing fungal diseases?A. Mucormycos isB CryptococcosisC . HistoplasmosisD. CoccidioidomycosisE . Cand~d ias is

168. Non gor~ oco cca l retl-iritis s oiler-I caused bymicroorganisms 1 which of the followiriy genera?A ChlamydiaB. TreponernaC NeisseriaD. Hemophilus

169 Which of the fo l lowing is least l ike ly to ~ ~ r o d u c eacute abdominal symptoms?A . CliolelithiasisB Acute pancreatitisC . Ampulla of Valer cancerD. Carcinoma of the tail of the pancreas

170. Whic h of the following represents the arthritis thatis usually associated with aging?A. OsteoarthritisB Gouty arthritisC. Rheumatoid arthritisD. Psoriatic arthritis

171 . Multiple, lytic lesions of bon e characterize each ofthe fol lowing conditions EXC EPT one. W hich is theEXCEPTION?A. Multiple myeloma6 Metastatic carcinomaC Osteogenesis imperfectsD. HyperparathyroidismE. Langerhans eosinophil ic) granulomatosis

172. Osteoporosis can be associated with each of thefol lowing EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCE PTION?A. Prolonged coriicoster oid administrationB Prolonged immobil izationC. Chronic malnutritionD Hypervitaminosis DE. Advanced age

173. In general, enzyme-deficiency diseases areinherited by which of the following modes?A. Polygenic8 X-linked dom inantC Auioson-iai recessiveD. Autosornal dom inant

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174 Wtiict-i of the follovi/ing anemias results Iron? drug-~ridi lced one mar-row supl~ ~ess ior r?k AplasticEl Sickle cell

PerniciousD Hemolytic.E Myelophthisic

175 Multiple drug resistance is associated withA plasmids.B recombination.C point mutations.D specialized transducing phages.E. generalized transducing phages

176. Which of the following statements best describesbacterial transformation?A DNA coding for RNA synthesisB RNA coding for protein synthesisC. Acquisition of an inheritable trait by bacteriamediated by DNAD Acquisition of an inheritable trait by bacteriamediated by RNAE Binding of 3 s and 70 s ribosomes

177. Plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance has beenobserved in diseases caused by each of thefollowing EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A. Strepfococcus pyogenes8 Staphy/ococcus aureusC Neisseria gonor~hoe aeD Bordefella pe~tu ssi sE Haeri70pt7ilus influenzae

178. Each of tlie following can produce a genotypicchange EXCEPT one. Which is tlie EXCEPTION?A Conjugation6 Lysogenizat~onC TransformationD Exposure to tetracycline

179. The human imn~unodef~ciencyirus preferentiallyinfects which of thc follov\iing ceils7A NKB. Helper TC Cytotoxic TD Suppressor 7

180 Wli ich of the following vir-uses S most likely lo beisolated front feces?A RubellaB HepatitisC. Influenza AD CoxsackievirusE Herpes simplex

181 Cellular tropisnl by viruses is dependent on whichof the following?A Host cell DNA homology to viral DNAB Temperature of host cell incubationC. Gamma-interferon productionD. Cell surface receptorsE. V~ral nzyme synthesis

182 A 5-year-old child with vesicular lesions limited tothe palate and the posterior oropharyngeal mucosahas an oral temperature of 10 I0 F 38OC). Themost probable diagnosis isA. chickenpox.B herpangina.C recurrent oral herpes.D herpetic gingivostomatitis.E hand-foot-and-mouth disease

183. Which of the following cells are the mostradiosensitive?A. NeuronsB FibroblastsC LymphocytesD ChondrocylesE Epithelial cells

184. During repair, which of the following substances isessential for precollagen fibers to transform intocollagen fibers?A CorlisoneB CaroteneC Ascorbic acidD Prothrombir?E Thromboplastin

185 Which of the follovding conditions represents ariiritox~cation ather- han an infect ion?A AnthraxB BotulisniC ChancroidD BacteroidosisE Salmonellosis septicemia

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86 7 he tensile strengti l of a I-iealing n?ucosal wounddeperids on wl-iichof the followirig?A . Wound hormonesB Epithelial regenerationC. For-n~atior-If collagen frbersD. Act~vation f frbrir~olysisE . Formation of elastic frbers

187. The chemotactic accumulation of leukocytes at thesite of immune complex deposition is a result ofA steroids.B histamine.C complement.D antihistamines.

188 Which of the following has the least ability toregenerate?A. BoneB. LiverC. Striated muscleD CollagenE. Smooth muscle

189 Healing is retarded by each of the followingconditions EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A. TraumaB ImmobilizationC InfectionD HemorrhageE Ischemia

190 Escape of plasma from capillaries into an area ofinflammation is favored by an increase in which ofthe following?A HyaluronidaseB Leukocyte migrationC. Vascular permeabilityD Osmotic pressure of plasmaE. Number of endothelial junctions

191. Each of the following conditions predisposes apatient to develop cancer EXCEPT one. Which oneis thc EXCEPTION?A Asbestosis0 AnthracosisC. Hepatitis CD. Gardner s syndrorneE . ulcerative colitis

192. Metastatic calcif~cations re n?osl ikely to be theresult ofA. gallstones.B atherosclerosis.C. hyperparathyroidisni.D osteogenic sarcoma.E. lymphatic spread of lung cancer.

193. Difficulty in swallowing refers toA. dyspnea.B. achalasia.C. dysphagia.D. hemetemesis.

194. Each of the following viruses is potentially capableof causing cell transformation EXCEPT one. Whichone is the EXCEPTION?A. RetrovirusB. HerpesvirusC PicornavirusD. Hepatitis B virusE. Human papillomavirus

195. Which of the following terms refers to the presenceof digested blood in the stool?A. HemosiderosisB HemochromatosisC. HematomaD. lcterusE Melena

196 Chlamydia trachoniatis might cause each of thefollowing diseases EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A. TrachomaB Lymphogranuloma venereuniC Inclusion conjunctivitisD Non-gonococcal urethritisE. Primary atypical pneumonia

197. Which of the following conditions is mostcommonly associated with acute pancreatit~s?A. Chronic alcohol abuseB. Diabetes ~nellitusC. Physical traumaD. Viral infectionE. Hypercalcernia

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98 Each of ttie following is attributable to hepaticfailure EXCEPT one. Which one is theEXCEPTION?A TI emorB GynecomastiaC. Mallory bodiesD HypoalburninemiaE. Spider telangectasra

199 Red hepatization refers to which of the following?A. Early stage of acute hepatitisB Late stage of acute hepatitisC. Cirrhosis caused by hemochromatosisD Congestion of the liver caused by chronicright sided heart failureE. Stage of lobar pneumonia

2 Acute passive congestion often accompanieswhich of the following?A. EdemaB InflammationC ContusionD Hematoma

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NATIONAL BOAR D PART RELEASED ITEM KEYITEMS 101 200

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NATIONAL BO ARD PART RELEASE D ITEM KEYITEMS 1 100

The above key may be used to determine correct and incorrect answers; however for thisitern set it is not possible to convert a raw score number correct to a standard score or-associated passlfail status.