1999 california healthy eating and exercise practices survey: programmatic implications for the...
TRANSCRIPT
1999 California Healthy Eating and Exercise Practices Survey:
Programmatic Implications for the
California Children’s
5 a Day–Power Play! Campaign
Authors:
Angie Keihner1, Tanya Garbolino1, Mark Hudes2
1 Public Health Institute, 2 University of California, Berkeley
The Problem
Diet and Exercise
• Only 1% of children eat a diet consistent with federal nutrition recommendations (1989-1991 CSFII).1
• Fewer than half of California children meet the 60 minute PA recommendation, and 14% get fewer than 30 minutes of PA a day.2
1 Munoz K, et al., Food Intakes of U.S. Children and Adolescents Compared with Recommendations. Pediatrics, 1997. 100(3): p. 323 - 329.
2 California Department of Health Services, 1999 California Children's Healthy Eating and Exercise Practices Survey: Unpublished data. In press: Sacramento, CA.
Trends in the Prevalence of Overweight Among Children and Adolescents in the U.S.
4 4
7
11
15
56
5
11
16
1963-70 1971-74 1976-80 1988-94 1999-000
5
10
15
20Percent of Children and Adolescents, 6-19 Years
Age in Years 6-11 12-19
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1982-84), and National Health Examination Survey (1963-65 and 1966-70).
Marketing to Children
• In 1997, U.S. children spent $7.7 billion on foods and beverages– Ranked first among expenditures
– Accounted for one-third of the total $23.4 billion spent
McNeal JU. The kids market: Myths and realities. Ithaca, NY: Paramount Market Publishing, 1999.
The Child Consumer
Median Age
Consumer Behavior
Primary Stores
Primary Products
2 months First store visit Supermarkets
2 yearsFirst in-store gesture/ request
SupermarketsCereals and snacks
3½ years First in-store selections
SupermarketsCereals, toys, and snacks
5½ yearsFirst assisted purchases
Mass discounters
Toys
8 yearsFirst independent purchase
Convenience stores
Snacks
California Children’s Healthy Eating and Exercise
Practices Survey (CalCHEEPS)
Survey Purpose
• Fills a monitoring gap - no comprehensive statewide surveys on nutrition for 9-11 year-old age group
• Includes dietary and physical activity practices on a typical school day; knowledge, attitudes, beliefs
• Evaluates knowledge and awareness of 5 a Day–Power Play!
Sample Selection and Administration
• Market research panel population• Demographically diverse, English-
speaking sample• Conducted April - June 1999• Parent-assisted 2-day food and physical
activity diary: Mailed, filled out, and returned
• Unassisted telephone survey– 14 minutes, 44 questions
Sampling and Response Rate
• Quota sampling– Demographically reflect California
households with 9-11 year old children – Pool of 2000 qualified households
selected from the market research panel• 814 returned food and activity diary
– 41% response rate• 394 completed telephone interview
– 51% response rate
5 a Day—Power Play! TV Spots and Recall
Paid Advertising and Public Service Announcements (PSA) in 1999
• Commercial– Three Wishes
• FV make you faster, stronger, and learn more
• FV give you power
• 5 a Day is important
• PSA– Shaq’s Secret
• 5 a Day is important
• FV give you power
California Children Aware of 5 a Day-Power Play! Campaign TV Spots, 1999,
by Gender**, Ethnicity*, and Income*
31
1822
48
2024
35
21 21
BoysGirls
WhiteAfrican American
LatinoAsian/Other
$19,999 or less$20,000-$49,999
$50,000 or more0
10
20
30
40
50
Percent of Children
* p<.05; ** p<.01Source: California Department of Health Services, Preliminary data.
California Children Aware of 5 a Day-Power Play! Campaign TV Spots Were More Likely to Know
that 5 or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables Are Needed for Good Health, 1999
20
27
53
24
47
28
0-2 Servings 3-4 Servings 5+ Servings
Fruits and Vegetables Believed Needed
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Percent of Children
Aware of 5 a Day-Power Play! Yes No/Don't Know
p<.001Source: California Department of Health Services, Preliminary data.
California Children Aware of 5 a Day-Power Play! Campaign TV Spots Were More Likely to Eat
5 or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables, 1999
12
26
38
25
5
40 39
17
0 Servings 1-2 Servings 3-4 Servings 5+ Servings
Fruit and Vegetable Intake
0
10
20
30
40
50
60Percent of Children
Aware of 5 a Day-Power Play! Yes No/Don't Know
p<.05Source: California Department of Health Services, Preliminary data.
Food Preparation
Who Prepares Meals and Snacks?
Meals and Snacks Who Fixed Them
Breakfast Parent, Child, School
Lunch School, Parent, Child
Dinner Parent
After-school snack Child, Parent
Evening snack Parent, Child
Associations Between Who Makes Meals and Snacks and Fruit and Vegetable Intake, 1999
15
56
21
29
52
7
47
71
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80Percent of Children Who Ate a Serving of Fruit or Vegetable
Who Made Meal/Snack Child Alone
Mom/Dad/Adult
School
** p<.01; *** p<.001Source: California Department of Health Services, Preliminary data.
After-School Snack***
Lunch**Breakfast***
School Environment
California Children Who Participated in School Meals Were More Likely to Eat 5 or More Servings
of Fruits and Vegetables, 1999
37
23
17 16
0
10
20
30
40
Percent of Children Meeting 5 a Day Goal
Participated in School Meals Yes No
School Breakfast*** School Lunch**
** p<.01; *** p<.001Source: California Department of Health Services, Preliminary data.
California Children's Access to Soda Vending Machines, Candy Vending Machines, and
Fast Food on School Campuses, 1999
24
16
8
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Percent of Children
Source: California Department of Health Services, Preliminary data.
School Cafeteria Serves Fast Food
Vending Machine with Chips and Candy
Vending Machine with Soda
Vending Machines Linked to Vegetable Intake
• Soda vending machines at school – Ate significantly fewer servings of
vegetables (0.7 vs. 1.3 servings, p<.001)
• Vending machines stocked with chips and candy at school– Ate significantly fewer servings of salad
(0.1 vs. 0.3 servings, p<.001)
California Children's Participation in Physical Education by Total Minutes
of Daily Physical Activity, 1999
69 66
93 9691
None 1 or Less Times 2 Times 3-4 Times 5 Times
Physical Education Per Week
0
20
40
60
80
100
Minutes of Physical Activity
Source: California Department of Health Services, Preliminary data.
Physical Education Linked to Daily Physical Activity
• Schools made students exercise (84 vs. 63 minutes of daily PA, p<.01)
• Children who participated in PE 2 or more times per week (22-30 minutes more daily PA, p<.001)
5 a Day—Power Play! Programmatic Implications
Prioritize Campaign Activities:Food Preparation
Meals and SnacksCampaign Efforts
Should Target
After-school snack Parent, Child
Breakfast Child, Parent
Lunch Parent
• Encourage children to participate in school meal programs
Prioritize Campaign Activities:School Environment
• Address soda vending machines, vending machines stocked with chips and candy, and fast food in schools
• Replace soda, chips, and candy with more nutritious foods– Promote the voluntary adoption of school
nutrition guidelines– Educate legislators
Prioritize Campaign Activities:School Environment
• Encourage schools to enforce existing PE requirement of 200 minutes of PE every 10 days– Promote the voluntary adoption of
school PE guidelines– Educate legislators
