1999 us army welding theory 53p

8/12/2019 1999 US Army Welding Theory 53p

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SUBCOURSE EDITION

OD1650 8

WELDING THEORY


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WELDING THEORY OD1650

TBLE O* CONTENTS

Se'tion 9a-e

TITLE..................................................................................................................................... i

TBLE O* CONTENTS....................................................................................................... ii

Lesson 17 WELDING SY(BOLS....................................................................................... 1

Tas4 17 Inte!&!et e)din- s#"$o)s anddes'!i$e t2e %se o3 e)din- s#"$o)s ons2o& d!ain-s.................................................................................................................. 1

9!a'ti'a) Ee!'ise 1.......................................................................................................... :1

nse!s to 9!a'ti'a) Ee!'ise 1....................................................................................... :/

RE*ERENCES...................................................................................................................... :5

*** IMPORTANT NOTICE ***

THE PASSING SCORE FOR ALL ACCP MATERIAL IS NOW 70%.

PLEASE DISREGARD ALL REFERENCES TO THE 75% REQUIREMENT.

ii


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THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

iii


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WELDING THEORY OD1650

STUDENT NOTES

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WELDING THEORY OD1650 LESSON 1;TS 1

LESSON 1

WELDING SY(BOLS

TS 1. Inte!&!et e)din- s#"$o)s and des'!i$e t2e %se o3 e)din- s#"$o)s on s2o& d!ain-s.

CONDITIONS

Wit2in a se)3st%d# ene)din- &!o'ess> "eans 2eatin- "eta) &a!ts to ate"&e!at%!e 2i-2 eno%-2 to ?oin t2e "eta) &a!ts $# 'oa)es'en'e. We)din- is done it2 o! it2o%t

t2e %se o3 &!ess%!e+ $# t2e &!ess%!e a)one+ and it2 o! it2o%t t2e %se o3 3i))e! "eta).Coa)es'en'e "eans t2e -!oin- to-et2e!+ o! -!ot2 into one $od#+ o3 t2e $ase "eta) &a!ts. T2e!ea!e to $asi' !e=%i!e"ents 3o! 'oa)es'en'e7 2eat and inti"a'# o3 'onta't.


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*IGURE 1. (STER CHRT O* WELDING

9ROCESS.

$. Heat. T2e e)din- &!o'esses di33e! de&endin- on t2e so%!'e o3 2eat+ t2e "anne! in 2i'2t2e 2eat is a&&)ied o! -ene!ated+ and t2e intensit# o3 t2e 2eat. T2e so%!'e o3 2eat "a# $e t2e'o"$%stion o3 a 3%e) -as s%'2 as a'et#)ene o! 2#d!o-en+ in ai! o! in o#-en@ an e)e't!i' a!'@ ane)e't!i'+ -as+ o! oi) 3%!na'e@ t2e !esistan'e o3 "eta) to t2e 3)o o3 e)e't!i' '%!!ent@ o! a '2e"i'a)!ea'tion $eteen a "eta) oide and 3ine)# di


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B!aAin-+ t2e on)# e)din- &!o'ess in 2i'2 t2e "e)tin- o3 t2e $ase "eta) is not ne'essa!# 3o!'oa)es'en'e+ is si"i)a! to so)de!in-+ e'e&t t2at 2i-2e! te"&e!at%!es a!e %sed. T2e te!" so)de!in-

is %sed to des'!i$e a ?oinin- &!o'ess %sin- non3e!!o%s 3i))e! a))o#s "e)tin- $e)o 800* :C.So)de!inis not 'onside!ed a e)din- &!o'ess. B!aAin- is a e)din- &!o'ess %sin- non3e!!o%s3i))e! a))o#s t2at 2a


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e)ds it2 &!o&e!ties t2at a!e e=%a) to o! $ette! t2an t2e &!o&e!ties o3 t2e $ase "ate!ia). *o!ea"&)e+ "i)d stee) 'an $e e)ded $# "ost e)din- &!o'esses+ $%t t2e e)ds &!od%'ed a!e not

e=%a))# satis3a'to!#+ and one "et2od "a# $e "o!e 'o"&)i'ated o! "o!e e&ensi


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W2en t2e &e!'enta-e o3 'a!$on is )ess t2an 0.5 &e!'ent+ its e33e't in &!od%'in- 2a!dness is s)i-2t.B%t 2en t2e 'a!$on 'ontent e'eeds 0.5 &e!'ent+ o! 2en s%'2 e)e"ents as "an-anese+


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T2e e)da$i)it# o3 a "eta) is a)so a33e'ted $# its t2e!"a) 'ond%'ti


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In so"e &!o'esses+ t2e 3)% se)e'ted 3o! %se it2 a e)din- !od 2as i"&o!tant e33e'ts on

e)da$i)it#. )so+ t2e e)e't!ode 'o is %sed to indi'atet2e st!en-t2 o3 a e)ded ?oint as 'o"&a!ed it2 t2e st!en-t2 o3 t2e %ne)ded $ase "eta).

Ea'2 o3 t2e e)din- &!o'esses 2as a te'2ni=%e o! &!o'ed%!e &e'%)ia! to t2at &!o'ess. O3ten t2ete'2ni=%e


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/. We)d and We)din- S#"$o)s

a. General. We)din- s#"$o)s &!oand >e)din- s#"$o).> T2e >e)d s#"$o)> is t2e ideo-!a&2 3i-%!e /+


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*IGURE /. BSIC WELD SY(BOLS.

'. Basic Weld Symbols.

1 General. We)d s#"$o)s a!e %sed to indi'ate t2e 3o))oin- e)din- &!o'esses %sed in"eta) ?oinin- o&e!ations@ 2et2e! t2e e)d is )o'a)iAed o! >a)) a!o%nd>@ s2o& o! 3ie)d e)ds@ andt2e 'onto%! o3 e)ds. T2ese $asi' e)d s#"$o)s a!e s%""a!iAed in &a!a-!a&2s t2!o%-2 5

$e)o and a!e i))%st!ated in 3i-%!e : on t2e 3o))oin- &a-e.

Arc and Gas Weld Symbols. T2ese s#"$o)s a!e %sed as s2on in 3i-%!e /+


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*IGURE :. 9ROCESS OR S9ECI*ICTIONRE*ERENCES+

TBLE I. DESIGNTION O* WELDING9ROCESSES BY LETTERS

0


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TBLE I. DESIGNTION O* WELDING9ROCESSES BY LETTERS CONTINUED

T2e 3o))oin- s%33ies "a# $e %sed to indi'ate t2e "et2od o3 a&&)#in- t2e a$o


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TBLE II. DESIGNTION O* CUTTING9ROCESSES BY LETTERS.

T2e 3o))oin- s%33ies "a# $e %sed to indi'ate t2e "et2ods o3 a&&)#in- t2e a$o


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*IGURE 5. *ILLET WELDING SY(BOL DENOTINGLOCTION O* THE WELD.

T2e ot2e! "e"$e! o3 t2e ?oint i)) $e 'onside!ed t2e ot"er side"e"$e! 3i-%!e 6+


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*IGURE 6. 9LUG ND SLOT WELDING SY(BOLS

INDICTING LOCTION NDDI(ENSIONS O* THE WELD.

#


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*IGURE . WELDING SY(BOLS INDICTING

TY9E ND LOCTION O* WELDS.

We)ds on t2e ot2e! side o3 t2e ?oint i)) $e s2on $# &)a'in- t2e e)d s#"$o) on t2eside o3 t2e !e3e!en'e )ine aa# 3!o" t2e


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/ We)ds on $ot2 sides o3 t2e ?oint i)) $e s2on $# &)a'in- e)d s#"$o)s on $ot2 sideso3 t2e !e3e!en'e )ine+ toa!d and aa# 3!o" t2e

$ >Un)ess ot2e!ise indi'ated+ !oot o&enin-s 3o! a)) -!oo


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*ie)d e)ds a!e e)ds not "ade in a s2o& o! at t2e &)a'e o3 initia) 'onst!%'tion andi)) $e indi'ated $# "eans o3 t2e 3ie)d e)d s#"$o) 3i-%!e :+


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/ In3o!"ation on e)din- s#"$o)s i)) $e &)a'ed to !ead 3!o" )e3t to !i-2t a)on- t2e!e3e!en'e )ine+ in a''o!dan'e it2 t2e %s%a) 'on


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*IGURE . *ILLET WELDS.

n. %engt" of illet Welds.

1 T2e )en-t2 o3 a 3i))et e)d+ 2en indi'ated on t2e e)din- s#"$o)+ i)) $e s2on tot2e !i-2t o3 t2e e)d s#"$o) 3i-%!e +


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W2en 3i))et e)din- etends 3o! t2e 3%)) distan'e $eteen a$!%&t '2an-es in t2edi!e'tion o3 t2e e)din-+ no )en-t2 di"ension need $e s2on on t2e e)din- s#"$o).

/ S&e'i3i' )en-t2s o3 3i))et e)din- "a# $e indi'ated $# s#"$o)s in 'on?%n'tion it2di"ension )ines 3i-%!e +


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$e %sed 3o! inte!"ittent and 'ontin%o%s 3i))et e)din- 2en t2e to a!e %sed in 'o"$ination3i-%!e + G> -!indin-@ >H> 2a""e!in-@ >(> "a'2inin- and not t2e de-!ee o3 3inis2.

s. lug and Slot Welding Symbols.

1 General. Neit2e! t2e &)%- e)d s#"$o) no! t2e s)ot e)d s#"$o) i)) $e %sed todesi-nate 3i))et e)ds in 2o)es.

Arro# and /t"er Side Indication of lug and Slot Welds. Ho)es o! s)ots in t2e a!!oside "e"$e! o3 a ?oint 3o! &)%- o! s)ot e)din- i)) $e indi'ated $# &)a'in- t2e e)d s#"$o) ont2e side o3 t2e !e3e!en'e )ine toa!d t2e


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/ lug Weld *imensions. Di"ensions o3 &)%- e)ds i)) $e s2on on t2e sa"e side o3t2e !e3e!en'e )ine as t2e e)d s#"$o). T2e siAe o3 a e)d i)) $e s2on to t2e )e3t o3 t2e e)d

s#"$o). In')%ded an-)e o3 'o%nte!sin4 o3 &)%- e)ds s2a)) $e t2e %se!s standa!d+ %n)essot2e!ise indi'ated. In')%ded an-)e o3 'o%nte!sin4+ 2en not t2e %se!s standa!d+ i)) $e s2oneit2e! a$o


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*IGURE 10. RC S9OT ND RC SE( WELDS.

' T2e st!en-t2 o3 a!' s&ot e)ds i)) $e desi-nated as t2e "ini"%" a''e&ta$)es2ea! st!en-t2 in &o%nds &e! s&ot. In a!' sea" e)ds st!en-t2 is desi-nated in &o%nds &e! )inea!in'2. St!en-t2 is s2on to t2e )e3t o3 t2e e)d s#"$o) 3i-%!e 10+


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: E)tent and 'umber of Arc S$ot Welds.

a W2en a!' s&ot e)din- etends )ess t2an t2e distan'e $eteen a$!%&t '2an-es int2e di!e'tion o3 t2e e)din-+ o! )ess t2an t2e 3%)) )en-t2 o3 t2e ?oint+ t2e etent i)) $edi"ensioned 3i-%!e 10+


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*IGURE 11. GROO,E WELD SY(BOLS.

1 I3 t2e di"ensions o3 $ot2 e)ds a!e as indi'ated in t2e note neit2e! s#"$o)need $e di"ensioned.

!$


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W2en t2e di"ensions o3 one o! $ot2 e)ds di33e! 3!o" t2e di"ensions -i


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' T2e siAe o3 -!oo


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*IGURE 1/. BC OR BCING WELD SY(BOLS.


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Surface Contour of Bac or Bacing Welds. T2e 'onto%! s#"$o)s 3i-%!e 1/+


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*IGURE 1:. WELD SY(BOLS.

Size of Built(+$ Surfaces. T2e siAe 2ei-2t o3 a s%!3a'e $%i)t %& $# e)din- i)) $eindi'ated $# s2oin- t2e "ini"%" 2ei-2t o3 t2e e)d de&osit to t2e )e3t o3 t2e e)d s#"$o).

T2e di"ensions i)) a)a#s $e on t2e sa"e side o3 t2e !e3e!en'e )ine as t2e e)d s#"$o) 3i-%!e1:+


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/ E)tent, %ocation, and /rientation of Surfaces Built +$ by Welding. W2en t2e enti!ea!ea o3 a &)ane o! '%!


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/ -ulti$le &oint lange Welds. *o! 3)an-e e)ds in 2i'2 one o! "o!e &ie'es a!einse!ted $eteen t2e to o%te! &ie'es+ t2e sa"e s#"$o) as 3o! t2e to o%te! &ie'es i)) $e %sed

!e-a!d)ess o3 t2e n%"$e! o3 &ie'es inse!ted.

A. Resistance S$ot Welds.

1 General. Resistan'e s&ot e)d s#"$o)s !e3e! to 3i-%!e /+


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*IGURE 15. RESISTNCE S9OT WELD SY(BOLS.

: 'umber of Resistance S$ot Welds. W2en a de3inite n%"$e! o3 e)ds is desi!ed in a'e!tain ?oint+ t2e n%"$e! i)) $e s2on in &a!ent2eses eit2e! a$o


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5 lus" Resistance S$ot Welding &oints. W2en t2e e&osed s%!3a'e o3 one "e"$e! o3 a!esistan'e s&ot e)ded ?oint is to $e 3)%s2+ t2at s%!3a'e i)) $e indi'ated $# addin- t2e 3)%s2

'onto%! s#"$o) !e3e! to 3i-%!e /+


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*IGURE 16. 9ROFECTION WELD SY(BOLS.

/ S$acing of ro1ection Welds. T2e &it'2 o3 &!o?e'tion e)ds i)) $e s2on to t2e !i-2to3 t2e e)d s#"$o) 3i-%!e 16+


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: 'umber of ro1ection Welds. W2en a de3inite n%"$e! o3 &!o?e'tion e)ds is desi!edin a 'e!tain ?oint+ t2e n%"$e! i)) $e s2on in &a!ent2eses 3i-%!e 16+


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*IGURE 1. RESISTNCE SE( WELD SY(BOLS.

/ %engt" of Resistance Seam Welds.

a T2e )en-t2 o3 a !esistan'e sea" e)d+ 2en indi'ated on t2e e)din- s#"$o)+ i))$e s2on to t2e !i-2t o3 t2e e)d s#"$o) 3i-%!e 1+


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$ W2en !esistan'e sea" e)din- etends 3o! t2e 3%)) distan'e $eteen a$!%&t'2an-es in t2e di!e'tion o3 t2e e)din-+ no )en-t2 di"ension need $# s2on on t2e e)din-

s#"$o).

' W2en !esistan'e sea" e)din- etends )ess t2an t2e distan'e $eteen a$!%&t'2an-es in t2e di!e'tion o3 t2e e)din-+ o! )ess t2an t2e 3%)) )en-t2 o3 t2e ?oint+ t2e etent i)) $edi"ensioned 3i-%!e 1+


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:. Con')%sion

T2is tas4 3%!nis2ed an e&)anation o3 e)din- s#"$o)s in t2e 3o!" o3 inte!&!etation andidenti3i'ation. W2en a't%a))# &e!3o!"in- e)din- &!o'ed%!es+ T( / s2o%)d $e !e3e!!ed to3o! &!o&e! a&&)i'ation.

#0


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WELDING THEORY OD1650 LESSON 1;9E1

9RCTICL EJERCISE 1

On a &)ain s2eet o3 &a&e!+ !ite don t2e anse!s to t2e 3o))oin- =%estions. W2en #o% 2a


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15. W2at t#&e o3 s#"$o) is added to a s2o& d!ain- 2en t2e e&osed s%!3a'e o3 one"e"$e! o3 a !esistan'e seas e)ded ?oint is to $e 3)%s2K

#!


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LESSON 1. 9RCTICL EJERCISE NSWERS

Re=%i!e"ent

1. T2e te!" e)da$i)it# "eans t2e 'a&a'it# o3 a "eta) to $e 3a$!i'ated $# a e)din- &!o'essinto a st!%'t%!e t2at i)) &e!3o!" its &%!&ose satis3a'to!i)#.

. (eta)s it2 2i-2 t2e!"a) 'ond%'ti


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10. T2e siAe o3 t2e 3i))et e)d s2a)) $e s2on to t2e )e3t o3 t2e e)d s#"$o).

11. T2e st!en-t2 o3 a!' s&ot e)ds s2a)) $e desi-nated as t2e "ini"%" a''e&ta$)e s2ea!st!en-t2 in &o%nds &e! s&ot.

1. T2e $a'4 o! $a'4in- e)d s#"$o) is %sed to indi'ate $ead t#&e $a'4 o! $a'4in- e)ds o3sin-)e -!oo


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WELDING THEORY OD1650 RE*ERENCES

RE*ERENCES

#5


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WELDING THEORY OD1650 RE*ERENCES

RE*ERENCES

T2e 3o))oin- do'%"ents e!e %sed as !eso%!'e "ate!ia)s inde

1999 us army welding theory 53p

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