19a8155c-12f7-481b-9411-029c4420fee0_ijrsg_06_10

8/19/2019 19a8155c-12f7-481b-9411-029c4420fee0_ijrsg_06_10

1/5

International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience (IJRSG)www.ijrsg.com

ISSN No: 2319-3484 Volume 2, Issue 3, May 2013 65

EXTRACTION OF HYDRO-GEOMORPHOLOGIC FEATURES USING SATELLITE DATA FOR

MANDSAUR DISTRICT, MADHYA PRADESHRanjana Vyas and T.K. Pandya,

Department of Geology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, 51-Saraswati Marg, Udaipur-313003, Rajasthan, IndiaE-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

Contact No.:+91-96724 27525, +91-98294 83030

AbstractSatellite data are useful for extracting various required

informations for hydro-geomorphological features and thestudy of slopes, aspects, drainage network andlanduse/landcover pattern represents the hydrogeology andhelps in categorization of the landforms into different hydro-geomorphological classes representing the relationship of thegeological structures and the groundwater occurrence. In thisstudy, Cartosat1, Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) 1D LISS III andLandsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced TM (ETM+) digitaldata, and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) from Shuttle RadarTopography Mission (SRTM) along with Survey of Indiatoposheet No. 45P/4 have been used to create various thematicmaps with the help of Erdas and matica softwares for basalticterrain of Mandsaur district, Madhya Pradesh, India.Satellitedata derived geological and hydro-geomorphic features assist in

prospecting the ground water resources to plan aquiferrecharging, water harvesting and drinking water sources.Recharge characteristics can be further differentiated by

physiographical image interpretation, merged with geo-

hydrological data. Topography is also basic need for anyhydrologic analysis and modeling. Remote sensing can providequantitative topographic information of suitablespatial resolution to be extremely valuable for model inputs.Mandsaur district is one of such area, which is facing thesituation of water scarcity in spite of Shivna River drainagesystem. Realizing the present situation of over-extraction ofgroundwater, it has been considered feasible to undertake asystematic hydrogeological and geomorphological investigationof groundwater in Mandsaur region to locate new resource ofgroundwater. As the study area comprises mainly of basalticlava flows of Deccan Traps, the main challenge on water sectoris in hard rock areas involving the problems of water

conservation and its management inclusive of planning of thewater resources. This is further complicated with severalcomplexities of the geological formations. Therefore, the

present research is focused on improving the knowledge on thestructure and functioning of the aquifer system in hard rockterrain of the region. The purpose of this study is to informgeomorphologists and hydrogeologists, primarily in developingcountries, of the general capabilities of remote sensingtechniques to obtain geomorphic data and to examine remotesensing as a possible aid in extracting geomorphic features

which will help in the study of geomorphology, hydrolgeoogyand water management planning in the future.

1. Location of the study areaThe present investigation has been carried out in the arealocated near Mandsaur town, forming a part of Mandsaurdistrict of Malwa region in Madhya Pradesh. The study has

been confined to longitude 75 0‟ E to 75 10‟ E and latitude24 0‟ N to 24 10‟ N (Survey of India, Toposheet no. 45 P/4).Mandsaur town is located at a distance of about 200 km. fromUjjain (longitude 75 50‟ N to 75 40‟ N and latitude 23 15‟ E)The district is bounded by four districts of Rajasthan namely,Chittorgarh in the West and North, Bhilwara in North, Kota inthe North-East and Jhalawar in the East while Ratlam district ofMadhya Pradesh bounds it in the South. The study area can beapproached both by rail and road throughout the year.

Fig.1: Location of the Study Area

2. Physiographic environMandsaur district is located on northwest part of MadhyaPradesh state. In past three decades industries had rapidlygrown up in the district. Mandsaur is mainly agricultural-baseddistrict and its cropping pattern is diversified. The total

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

8/19/2019 19a8155c-12f7-481b-9411-029c4420fee0_ijrsg_06_10

2/5



population of the district is 11, 83,724 according to census2001.

2.1 Climate: The study area is characterized by a tropicalclimate except, the Southwest monsoon season, the climate isgenerally dry. Four main seasons are witnessed that is1. Cold season - December to February

2. Hot season - March to middle of June.3. Monsoon season - middle of June to middle of September.4. Post monsoon season - Middle of September to end of

November.

2.1 Rainfall, Temperature: The climate of theMandsaur district is semi-tropical characterized by hot summerand well-distributed rainfall during the southwest monsoon.January is the coldest month with temperature falling 9.8 0C.May is the hottest month when the temperature may go up to39.8 0C. The monsoon starts from middle of the June to the firstweek of October. October and November constitute the postmonsoon or retreating monsoon period. The maximum rainfall

occurs during the monsoon season prevailing from middle ofJune to middle of September. Based on available record ofrainfall data collected from Mandsaur observatory for a periodof 1977 to 2010, the average annual rainfall has been calculatedas 741.23 mm.

2.2 Humidity: The humidity measurements indicate thatthe maximum humidity exceeding 70% has been recordedduring South - West monsoon season. The air is generally dryand the driest part of the year is witnessed during the periodfrom February to May. The relative humidity less than 25% has

been recorded during this period.

2.3 Wind: The winds are generally light except duringthe period of summer. The direction of wind is mainly East to

North - West during the monsoon season. The wind speed dataindicates that the wind blows at the rate of 52 km/hr duringDecember and 16.6 km/hr during June.

2.4 Fauna and Flora: The fauna of Mandsaur areais comprised of wild and domestic animals such as tiger, blue

bull, deer, wild pigs, rabbit, jackal, languor, monkeys, bears,horses, dogs, cats, buffaloes, cows etc. The birds include quail,

pigeon, parrot etc. Fishes are observed in river and ponds. Theflora of the study area is characterized by the development of

trees such as babul, khejra, neem, khajoor etc. The well-known crop of the area is opium. The vegetation is scantly atridges and is characterized by thorny shrubs.

2.5 Irrigation: Mandsaur district has limited irrigationfacilities. Surface water irrigation in the district is only 8.0 % ofthe net area. Groundwater is the main source in the district. Outof total 98,800 hectare irrigated land, 90,847 hectare‟s irrigatedfrom groundwater sources, which is about 92 % of totalirrigation in the district. There are a total 7,196 tube wells and1, 05,748 dug wells in the district for irrigation.

3 Data used for the studyIn this study, Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) 1D LISS III and

Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced TM (ETM+) digitaldata (Fig. 3), and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) fromShuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) (Fig. 4) along withSurvey of India toposheet No. 45P/4 (Fig. 2) have been used to

create various thematic maps with the help of Erdas andGeomatica softwares for basaltic terrain of Mandsaur district,Madhya Pradesh, India. The used data are here under:

Fig.2: Survey of India, Toposheet No 45 P/4

Fig.3: Enhanced TM (ETM+) digital data

8/19/2019 19a8155c-12f7-481b-9411-029c4420fee0_ijrsg_06_10

3/5



Fig.4: SRTM DEM

4 Information extracted from satellitedata

All the satellite images have been georegistered with Toposheetin UTM, WGS84 projection.Mainly Elevation data (SRTM DEM) has been used as input toextract geomorphic information like Contour (Fig. 6, Fig. 7),Slope-Aspect (Fig. 10), and Lineaments (Fig. 9), whereasdrainage (Fig. 8) could not be extracted clearly by SRTM DEMso it has been digitized with the help of Toposheet. Theseextracted data has been checked with Cartosat, LISS-III andLandsat data.

4.1 Contour (20 m. interval) generation with the help ofCONTOUR Module in Geomatica s/w and Erdas s/w (Fig. 6,Fig. 7) and SRTM DEM is taken as input elevation data.

Fig.5: Extracted contours using Geomatica software

Fig.6: Extracted contours using Erdas software

4.2 Digitization of drainage, river and waterbodies usingSurvey of India, Toposheet No. 45P/4 as drainage could not beextracted clearly by DRAIN Module in Geomatica s/w.

Fig.7: Digitised Drainage, River and Waterbodies

4.3 Lineament extraction using SRTM DEM as elevationdata with the help of Geomatica s/w.

24 00

24 00’

24 010 ’

75 010

24 00’

24 010’

75 00’ 75 010 ’

8/19/2019 19a8155c-12f7-481b-9411-029c4420fee0_ijrsg_06_10

4/5



Fig.8: Extracted lineaments of the area by SRTM DEM

4.4 Slope-Aspect Map extracted using SRTM DEM as inputelevation data with the help of Geomatica s/w.

Fig.9: Slope-Aspect Map

4.5 Landuse/Landcover pattern of the area

Fig.10: Landuse/Landcover of the area

5 Geomorphology of the area

Fig 11: Hydrogeomorphological Map of the study area

The study area mainly consists a few isolated low, flat-toppedhills and mounds at places. The depositional anderosional landforms are developed in the area of presentinvestigation. The differential hardness of rock masses isevidence of their resistance to weathering. The generaltopographical slope of the area is towards North and North-

24 00

24 010

75 00

0 ’

24 00’

24 010 ’

75 00

75 010’

Lineament

Drainag e

0

0 ’ 75 010 ’

24 00’

75 00

75 01

24 0

24 010’

8/19/2019 19a8155c-12f7-481b-9411-029c4420fee0_ijrsg_06_10

5/5



East. The height of study area from Mean Sea Level (MSL) is462.805 meter.

5.1 Topography: Major part of the area is covered byMalwa Plateau, by gentle slope, elevation ranges from 445 m.to 518 m. above Mean Sea Level. Main surface water dividesChambal sub-basin from Shivna micro-basin. Shivna is the

tributary of Chambal River and flowing in the ENE-WSWdirection. Physiographically the area is characterized by arather flat topography with a few pecular hillocks at various

places, prominent hill occurs at Southwestern path of the studyarea having an elevation of 483 m near Sawakhera village. Theminimum elevation of 420 m. AMSL (Above Mean Sea Level)has been observed at Damdam and near Kolwa villages.

5.2 Landforms: The landforms of the study areainclude mounds, soil representing erosional and depositionalfeatures respectively. The basaltic lava flows is horizontallydisposed and resulting in an almost flat-topped hills developedat places. The lava plains cover most of the area.

5.3 Drainage: Mandsaur district falls under Ganga basinand Chambal has reached the base level of erosion. Verticalerosion has reached and lateral erosion is taking place. Othertributaries of Chambal River are Retam, Shivna and ChhotiKali Sindh.S hivna River and its tributaries mainly provide thesurface drainage. Shivna River is originated from Sevna villagein Pratapgarh tehsil of Chittorgarh district (Rajasthan) and itfinally joins the Chambal River near Kolba, Nahargarh tehsil ofMandsaur district (M.P.). The tributaries of Shivna Riverinclude Somli and Tumnar, which are originating fromSouthern fringe of Mandsaur block area from village Dhikola(24 06‟- 25 07‟) and Pityakheri (24 08‟- 74 12‟) respectively.

5.4 Valley: Shivna River mainly drains the study area, andthis river occupies the valley portion of the area. Somli River isthe main sub-stream occurring in the present study area. Thearea reveals the existence of small several streams (Nalas),which joins the river.

5.5 Soils: The soils are formed due to the weatheringeffects on the Deccan basaltic lava flows. The soils showvariation in the colour and texture, they are light-black, dark-

black, alluvial, red soil, mixed soil, black soil and brownsoil.The study area is mainly covered with black cotton soil,

which is having high clay content, low permeability, high plasticity, high moisture content and water retaining capacity.

The alluvial soils are gray to yellowish in colour and are seenalong the Shivna River and its tributaries.

6 Results and disscussionThe extracted layers as contour, drainage, slope, aspect,landuse/landcover and lineament are very important to study

the hydrogeology and geomorphology of any area. Used inputdata SRTM Digital Elevation Model, ETM, Landsat andGoogle images are freely available on internet so it will be veryuseful for hydrologists and geomorphologists. Lineament studywill help to know the groundwater flow of any area, similarlythe drainage and contour will give the information regardingdrainage pattern and topology of the area so we could know thesurface water conditions. All discussed layers andlanduse/landcover pattern will help for water management

planning of the area.

Acknowledgement: The author is very thankful toProf. Vinod Aggarawal, Head of the Geology Department,Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur and all the faculty ofthe department for their support and guideline to prepare thisresearch work.

References[1] Chavare S., 2011, Morphometric Analysis usingGIS Techniques: a case study of Valheri River basin,tributary of Tapi River in Nandurbar District (M.S.).[2] Clarle, J.J., Morphometry from maps In Dury, G.H. ( Ed„Essays in Geomorphology, Heinmann, London, p. 235 -274,1966.

[3] Central Groundwater Board, Publ. Report, 23p. , July 2009[4] Dhokarikar, B.G., Ground water Resource Development in basaltic rock terrain of Maharashtra. Water Industry Publ. Pune,275 p., 1991.[5] Joshi, V.N., A study on environmental geology of Mandsaurarea Vikram University Ujjain, M.Sc. Thesis, 127 p., 1997.[6] Kulshreshtha, V., Geoenvironmental managementmodelling of ground water resource of Shivna River Basin,Mandsaur District (M. P.). Vikram University, Ujjain, Unpubl.Ph.D. Thesis, 194 p., 2005.[7] P.K. Sikdar, S. Chakraborthy, Enakshi Adhya and P.K.Paul, “Land use/land cover changes and ground water poten tialzoning in and around Raniganj coal mining area, Bardhamandistrict, West Bengal - A GIS and Remote Sensing approach,”J. Spatial Hydrology, Vol.4, No.2, 2004.[8] Savingear, R.A.G., A technique of morphological mapping,Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geol., vol. 55, p.514-538, 1969.

19a8155c-12f7-481b-9411-029c4420fee0_ijrsg_06_10

Documents