19th c. art and culture anna
TRANSCRIPT
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19th century Art and Culture
4ESO History
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Culture during the Industrial Revolution Education
• Before the 1800s, education was not free nor compulsory
• Governments began taking steps towards making education compulsory & accessible, especially those who worked in the factories
Great writers & scientists
Romanticism
Realism
World’s Fairs
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Famous Minds of the 19th c.
Charles Darwin(England)
Victor Hugo(France)
Charles Dickens(England)
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Romanticism: Romantic Painting• 1st half of the 19th century.
• Artistic & intellectual movement tied to the liberal revolutions of 1820, 1830, and 1848.
• Sought creative liberty anti-academic; opposite of neoclassicism.
• Celebrated nature and the rural lifestyle (as opposed to industrialized cities).
• Characteristics:
• Expresses moods and feelings
• Dramatic contrast between light and dark, colors
• Oriental & exotic elements
• Themes: wild and mysterious landscapes, scenes from national history, literature
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The Raft of Medusa
Gericault (France)
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Liberty Leading the People
Delacroix (France)
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The Moon Rising over the Sea
Fredreich (Germany)
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Realism: Realistic Painting• 2nd half of 19th century historical context: after Marx & Engels
published the “Communist Manifesto” in 1848, the labor movement grew exponentially. There was a constant push for workers’ rights and better living conditions.
• Sought a realistic representation of people and their lives.
• Themes: the work of the proletariat & peasants, the city, realistic landscapes.
• Total contrast to Romanticism:
• Represented nearby and current events
• Objectivity
• Social commentary
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The Stonecutters
Courbet (France)
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The Third Class Carriage
Daumier (France)
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The Gleaners
Millet (France)
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Realistic Landscape
● Sought to represent nature objectively
● Focus on formal elements of painting (setting the stage for Impressionism)
● Focus on light and time
● Open air painting
The Bridge of Mantes
Corot and the Barbizon
School
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Memories of Mortefontaine
Corot and the Barbizon School
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Activity1. Choose one of the following paintings.2. Determine whether it is romantic or realistic & give 2 reasons why.3. What feelings or social situations caused this style of art to become popular?
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19th c. ArchitecturePracticality and function
Use of iron (Eiffel Tower, Estación de Atocha, etc.)
Historicism: return to styles of the past
Opera Garnier (Paris) Neo-Baroque
Palace of Westminster (London) Neogothic
Eiffel Tower
Estación de Atocha (Madrid)
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The Chicago School (Architecture)
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World’s Fairs• Huge international exhibitions where countries
showcase their achievements
• Chicago’s World Fair
• Celebrating the 400th anniversary of Columbus’s arrival to North America
• Neoclassical architecture, all white buildings
• 1st Ferris Wheel & 1st commercial movie theater
• And America’s 1st serial killer!!!
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Surviving Buildings...
Palace of Fine Arts,
Now the Museum of Science & Industry
World’s Congress Building
Now the Art Institute of Chicago