19th century timeline heather lovingood

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19 th Century Timeline By: Heather Lovingood

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Page 1: 19th century timeline heather lovingood

19th Century Timeline

By: Heather Lovingood

Page 2: 19th century timeline heather lovingood

1850

Sweat shops were established. Any working environment considered to be difficult or dangerous. Workers worked long hours with little pay.

1862

Homestead acts was a law that provided 160 acres in the west to any citizen who was head of the household and would cultivate it for 5 years.

Congress passed 1st legal tender act which allowed $150 million in treasury notes to be printed. Bill printed on only on side know as greenbacks.

1863

Transcontinental railroad created nation wide network that united the country.

Tweed Ring was a group of corrupt politicians led by William M. Tweed in defrauding the city.

http://tinyurl.com/cao2pxu

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1864

Sand creek massacre was a 700 man force of Colorado territory militia attacked a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho campers killing 70-163 Indians.

1865

Urbanization began to grow in cities mostly in regions of northeast and Midwest.

1866Buffalo Soldiers were members of U.S. cavalry regiment of United States. Name was given to African American tribes they fought.

Long drive was overland transport of animals, which lasted about 3 months.

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1867

Oliver Kelly started patrons of Husbandry an organization for farmers that became known as grange.

1868

Tammy Hall, New York political organization founded in 1786. In 1868 William M. Tweed became head of the Hall.

1870

National Farmers alliance was a grange movement which was strong among whites and blacks of Midwest.

John D. Rockefeller founded the standard oil company. His foundations led to the development of medical research.

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1871

Civil service was 1st established in United States. Government administration should go to most qualified person.

1872

George Westinghouse American entrepreneur and engineer, invented railway air breaks. Pioneer of electrical industry.

1873

Patronage began in 1873, giving government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected.

Andrew Carnegie entered steel business in 1873. in 1899 Carnegie steel company manufactured more steel than all factories in Great Britain.

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1875

Southern alliance was a national farmers alliance and industrial union. Group of ranchers in Lampasas, Texas who organized Texas alliance.

1876

Battle of Little Big Horn was an armed engagement between combined forces against 7th century regiment of United States army.

Thomas Alva Edison became pioneer of new industrial frontier when he established worlds 1st research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone along with Thomas Watson, which opened a way for a worldwide communication network.

Telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell, which created new jobs for women.

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1877

Vanderbilt Family was an American family with Dutch origin. Cornelius started off with shipping and railroad empires, 7th wealthiest family in America. In 1877 Cornelius donated $1 million for establishment of Vanderbilt University of Nashville.

Socialism an economic system characterized by social ownership by means of production and cooperation management of the economy. In 1877 Socialist labor party of America was founded.

Gilded Age was period following Civil war from end of reconstruction in 1877. Enormous growth that attracted millions from Europe.

Poll Tax is an annual tax that had to be paid before qualifying to vote.

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1879

Dumbbell Tenements were substandard apartment buildings, 3-5 stories high floor plan outlined a dumbbell shape.

1880

Settlement House were community centers in slum neighborhoods they provided assistance to people in the area, immigrant especially.

Bessemer Process developed independently by British manufacturer Henry Bessemer and American iron maker William Kelly. In 1880 American manufactures were using this new method to produce 90% of steel.

Ida B. Wells moved to Memphis in 1880 to work as a teacher. Became an editor of a local paper.

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Jacob Riis was a Danish American social reformer used Photographic and journalistic talents to help improvise in New York.

1881

Trust a large business. It was a legal instrument to consolidate power by large American enterprises. In 1881 Samuel C.T. Dodd devised a corporate trust to help John D. Rockefeller.

1884

Mugwumps were Republican political activists in 1884 who supported Democratic candidate Grover Cleveland in United States election.

1886

Colored Farmers alliance was founded. Consisted of African American farmers in south.

Samuel Gompers led cigar makers international union to join with other craft unions.

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1887Dawes Act was authorized the president of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians amended in 1891 and in 1906.

The Melting Pot was where people thought of the country as a mix of different people and cultures who came together by abandoning their language and customs.

Segregation was laws that were developed to separate white and black people in public and private places.

1888

George Eastman was an American engineer and industrialist. Designed Pullman sleeping car, founded company town for workers who manufactured it.

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1889

Jane Adams was an influential member of movement, thought settlement house could be effective. Cofounded Chicago's Hull houses in 1889.

1890

Wounded Knee occurred on December 28, 1890. Brought the Indian wars and entire era to an end. George A. Custer took 350 Sioux and took them to a camp at Wounded Knee creek. The soldiers demanded the Native Americans give up all weapons.

Sherman antitrust act made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or other countries.

Literacy test is government testing literacy of political citizens at federal level, potential voters at state level.

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Grandfather clause stated that even if a man failed the literacy test or couldn’t afford the poll tax he was still entitled to vote.

1891

Collective Bargaining is a process of negotiations between employers and group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate working conditions.

1892

Ellis island was a gateway from immigrants to the United States. Busiest inspection station from 1892-1924. 20% of immigrants were detained for a day or two. Some were denied entry.

1894

Eugene V. Debs attempted to form an industrial union, American railroad union. In 1894 strike was won for higher unions.

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Pullman strike in 1894 conflict between American railway union and other railways that occurred in United States. Shut down most of nations freight and passenger traffic west of Detroit, Michigan.

1895

W.E.B. Dubois was 1st African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard in 1895. Strongly disagreed with Washington’s gradual approach.

1896

William McKinley campaigned the Republican party nominated McKinley. Was the 25th president of the United States. Was assassinated on September 1901. McKinley led nation to victory against Spanish- American war. Maintained nation on gold standard.

“Cross of gold speech” was delivered by William Jennings Bryan in 1896. Bryan supported bimetallism. Impassioned address to assemble delegates.

Plessy vs. Ferguson was where the supreme court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and didn’t violate 14th amendment.

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1897

Ragtime was a musical genre popular during 1897-1918. African American spirituals and European musical forms. Originated in 1880’s in saloons of south.

1900

Political machine offered services to voters and business in exchange for political or financial support. In 1900 political machine declined.

1903

Orville and Wilbur Wright were bicycle manufactures from Ohio. Experimented with new engines powerful enough to keep an air craft aloft. 1st successful flight on December 17, 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

1910

Angle island 1910-1940, 50,000 Chinese immigrants entered United States through Angle island. Immigrants endured questioning and long detention until they found out if they were admitted or rejected.