A) are independent and do not interact with each otheror with the physical environment.

B) do not interact with other living organisms, but dointeract with the physical environment

C) interact with each other, but do not interact with thephysical environment

D) interact with other living organisms and interactwith the physical environment

1. A fundamental concept of ecology is that livingorganisms

A) potential for ecosystems to be a source for newdrugs

B) dangers of poisonous jungle plants and animalsC) deforestation of jungles for the development of

large pharmaciesD) use of antibiotics to treat certain disorders in trees

2. Years ago, an article was written titled "Medicine Chestin the Jungle." This article most likely described the

Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the diagrambelow and on your knowledge of biology. The diagramrepresents a food web in an ecosystem.

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

3. Which row in the chart below best identifies therelationships between the mice and the wheat?

A) biotic factors and decomposersB) abiotic factors and decomposersC) autotrophs, onlyD) heterotrophs, only

4. Missing from the diagram of this ecosystem are the

A) the climax stage B) the biosphereC) a population D) a biotic community

5. The portion of Earth in which all life exists is known as

A) ecology B) cytologyC) embryology D) physiology

6. The study of the interactions between organisms andtheir interrelationships with the physical environment isknown as

A) photosynthesis in algae cellsB) digestion in hummingbirdsC) ATP synthesis in fungiD) respiration in maple tree cells

7. Which process will result in a gain of energy in anecosystem?

A) They are held in check by environmental factors.B) They are producers that rely indirectly on other

producers.C) They are not limited by natural predators.D) They are not dependent on other species.

8. Which statement best describes bat populations in astable ecosystem?

A) The population has reached the carrying capacity of its environment.B) Energy is used for interbreeding between members of different species.C) A predator recycles the remains of dead organisms.D) Competition does not occur between members of different species in the same habitat

9. Changes in a deer population are shown in the graph below.

Which statement best explains section X?

A)

B)

C)

D)

10. Which graph represents a population that grew and is maintained at the carrying capacity of its ecosystem?

11. Base your answer to the following question on Anaquarium ecosystem is shown below.

A) plants and gravelB) fish, water, and snailsC) fish, plants, and snailsD) water and gravel

A community in this aquarium consists of the

A) change their nesting behaviorsB) not affect one anotherC) interbreed to form a new speciesD) compete with one another

12. When two different bird species temporarily occupy thesame niche, they would most likely

A) reproduce at different times of the yearB) are the same sizeC) occupy different ecological nichesD) are active at night

13. Two species of animals with a similar appearance livein the same habitat but do not compete for food. This isbecause they most likely

A) major environmental change.B) The ecosystems in the area would become more

stable.C) The amount of genetic information in the species

of the area would increase.D) Some sources of future foods or medications

would be lost.

14. Which consequence could most likely be associatedwith a decrease in biodiversity in an area?

A) least variety of energy levels B) greatest variety of genetic materialC) greatest number of decomposers D) least number of ecological niches

15. The diagram below represents the varying biodiversity in three ecosystems.

The level of biodiversity in ecosystem A is high because it has the

A) Community B modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.B) Community D modifies the environment, making it suitable for community C.C) Community E will develop into community A, if the environment remains stable.D) Community A organisms will develop directly into community D organisms.

16. An ecological process is represented below.

Which statement describes an event in this process?

A) random mutations B) ecological successionC) genetic engineering D) direct harvesting

17. Which concept is best represented in the diagram below?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

18. The diagram below represents a cycling of materials.

Which row in the chart below shows the substancesrepresented by X and Y?

A) water B) energyC) oxygen D) carbon

19. In an ecosystem, which component is not recycled?

A) decomposer B) herbivoreC) producer D) scavenger

20. Which term refers to the ecological niche of manybacteria and fungi in an ecosystem?

21. In the diagram below, what does X most likelyrepresent?

A) autotrophs B) herbivoresC) decomposers D) carnivores

A) parasites and predatorsB) parasites and scavengersC) decomposers and predatorsD) decomposers and consumers

22. Which organisms directly help to reduceoverpopulation in a deer herd?

A) predator B) scavengerC) parasite D) host

23. Deer ticks are responsible for spreading Lyme disease.This organism, which feeds on the blood ofwarm-blooded organisms like mice, deer, and humans,is best described as a

A) commensalism B) mutualismC) parasitism D) saprophytism

24. A symbiotic relationship exists between two organismsof different species. If only one organism benefits fromthe relationship and the other is not harmed, therelationship is known as

A) commensalism B) saprophytismC) mutualism D) parasitism

25. Sea anemones are mainly sessile animals. Some ofthem depend on the motile clown fish for their survival.The clown fish helps to provide food for the seaanemone as it seeks protection in the anemone'stentacles. This symbiotic relationship is known as

A) birds B) wormsC) mammals D) algae

26. The diagram below represents an energy pyramid.

Which organisms would most likely be found at levelA?

27. In the diagram below, which organism is classified asboth a primary and a secondary consumer?

A) hawk B) raccoonC) snake D) mouse

28. The diagram below represents a food web.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

Which level contains the greatest number ofconsumers?

Base your answers to questions 29 and 30 on the energy pyramid below and on your knowledge ofbiology.

A) A B) B C) C D) D

29. Which level includes organisms that get their energyexclusively from a source other than the organisms inthis ecosystem?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

30. Which level includes organisms that receive theirenergy from level B?