Name________________________________________________Period____________Date________________

Final Exam Review

Term Definition Example/Drawing

Aerobic Respiration

Anaerobic Respiration

Biodiversity

Cancer

Cell Differentiation

Classification of Organisms

Commensalism

DNA Replication

Enzymes

Evolve / Evolution

Gametes

Gene Pool

Genetic Drift

Genetic Variation

Heterozygous

Homozygous

Meiosis

Mitosis

Monomer

Mutations

Mutualism

Nucleotide

Parasitism

Photosynthesis

Polymer

Populations

Predation

Resistance / Immunity

Seed Dispersal

Sexual Selection

Speciation

Succession

Susceptibility

Transcription

Translation

Xylem

Phloem

Protein Synthesis

Match the following classifications with the correct qualities.

_____ 1. Domain

_____ 2. Kingdom

_____ 3. Phylum

_____ 4. Genus

_____ 5. Species

a. Includes Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria

b. Most specific level of organization; begins with a lower case letter and is italicized

c. Highest level of classification; divided into three groups: archaea, bacteria, eukaryote

d. Begins with a capital letter and is italicized

e. Besides domain, the level that is most closely related to kingdom

Use the word banks provided to label the following diagrams.

Mitosis

a. Telophase c. Metaphase e. Interphase b. Prophase d. Two Daughter Cells f. Anaphase

Meiosis I

c. Telophase I c. Metaphase I e. Interphase Id. Prophase I d. Two Diploid Cells f. Anaphase I

Meiosis II

a. Telophase II c. Prophase II e. Four Haploid Cellsb. Metaphase II d. Anaphase II

Biomolecules: Identify the following biomolecule structures

1. Identify the following biomolecule structures.

2. What are enzymes and how do they affect chemical reactions?

3. What are factors that affect the reactivity of enzymes?

Body Systems

Fill in the table below to describe the interactions between each system.

Digestive

Immune

Lymphatic

Circulatory

Respiratory Nervous Endocrin

eSkeletalMuscular

Excretory

Digestive X

ImmuneLymphatic

X

Circulatory X

Respiratory X

Nervous X

Endocrine X

SkeletalMuscular

X

Excretory X

1. How does the nervous system maintain homeostasis?

2. Give an example of how the endocrine system helps maintains homeostasis.

Plants

1. What are the 2 types of tissues found in vascular plants and what do they transport?

2. What is the purpose of a seed? Describe different types of seed dispersal. Why is seed dispersal important?

3. Explain what each type of response is and give an example of a positive and a negative response

a. Gravitropism (geotropism)

b. Phototropism

c. Thigmostropism

4. Which of the following statements is the most accurate? a. Food can travel up the stem in the phloem. b. Food can travel down the stem in the phloem. c. Food can travel up or down the stem in the phloem. d. Food can travel up or down the stem in the xylem.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

1. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

2. Write out the equation for cellular respiration.

3. Draw the structure of an ATP molecule and label it, give the full name for ATP as title, AND show where energy is stored and released in the molecule.

4. What type of biomolecule is glucose?

5. There are two types of cellular respiration aerobic and anaerobic. Compare and contract each type of cellular respiration. Include how much ATP is made through out each process.

6. Which is more efficient, aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

7. What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

8. Write the equation for photosynthesis.

Ecology/ Evolution

1. Below are scenarios that describe two organisms relationship with each other. Determine which symbiotic relationship each scenario is describing and explain why.

a. As bison walk through grass, insects become active and are seen and eaten by cowbirds. The relationship neither harms nor benefits the bison.

b. A coyote captures, kills, and eats a rabbit.

c. Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to bee hives. The badgers then expose the hives and feed on the honey first. Next the honey guide birds eat. Both species benefit.

d. Orchids grow inside a bromeliad plant. The orchid obtains water and nutrients from the bromeliad, but does not help or harm it.

e. Heartworms develop inside a dog’s heart. The worms cause health problems and may result in death.

f. A 10-point buck is killed by a hunter.

g. Ostriches and gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Because the visual abilities of the two species are different, they can identify threats that the other animal would not see as readily.

2. Give an example of primary succession.

3. Give an example of secondary succession.

4. What does succession do to species diversity?

5. Last summer, wild forest fires raged through the mountains of California. Over 200,000 acres of forests burned down over a two-week period of time. The loss of vegetation, caused by the forest fires, will most likely cause what to happen to the ecosystem?

6. Briefly explain what is happening in the diagram. Include the number in the description and what type of succession is occurring.

Evolution

1. Who is Darwin? What organisms did Darwin study? What island did Darwin conduct his studies on? What was the name of the boat that Darwin traveled on?

2. Compare and contrast Darwin and Lamarck’s ideas.

3. Do organisms evolve or populations? Explain why.

4. A group of walking insects was out hunting and gathering food for their family nest. On their way back home a massive fire had started blocking their path back home. The fire continued to grow causing the group of insects to run to safety which was far from home. The group of insects could not go home and were forced to make a new home. The environment they ended up was very different from their original home. Their new home environment was characterized as a dry, desert with little water and green plants, It was very different from their original home which was a warm, humid tropical environment filled with tons of green plants. What effect will this new environment have on the group of insects? What and how will the new environment do to the insects?

a. The above phenomenon is a type of evolution pattern. What is it called ______________________

5. What can fossil records tell scientist about evolution? Where are the oldest fossils located?

6. What will most likely happen to a population if gene frequencies in a given population remain consistent?

7. List the three factors of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection. What must be met for natural selection to occur?

8. What is genetic drift? What effect does it have on a population?

9. Does a small or large population have a better chance of survival during environmental changes? Why?

10.What is biodiversity? What benefit does it have on populations?

11.What type of evolution has occurred below? All organisms have different ancestors but have the ability and structures to fly.

12.Give at least one example of the following types of evolution and explain how your example portrays that type of evolution.

a. Convergent evolution

b. Divergent evolution

c. Coevolution

Cell Cycle

1. Which list shows the phases of mitosis in the correct order? a. prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase b. prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase c. anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase d. metaphase, prophase, telophase, anaphase

2. What is cell differentiation and how does that apply to stem cells?

DNA

1. Which base pairs bond together in DNA?

2. How do DNA and RNA base pairings differ?

3. What does the following describe: thymine – guanine – thymine – cytosinea. Points of DNA separation during protein synthesisb. A sequence of bases within a DNA sectionc. Nucleotides within a RNA strandd. tRNA codons for specific amino acids

4. Human DNA is constructed from nucleotides. The nucleotides from humans are made from deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases. The 4 human nitrogen bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. A chocolate Labrador is a dog, what are the nitrogen bases that make up their DNA?

a. Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Thymineb. Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine, and Thyminec. Uracil, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosined. Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine

Protein Synthesis

1. Look at the following molecule. Be able to make a complementary DNA strand, a mRNA strand and be able to translate it into a protein.

DNA template strand: 5’ ATT GCG AAA TGG CCA 3’

DNA:

mRNA:

Amino acids:

2. Be able to identify the processes of transcription and translation, as well as read a codon chart.