Name: _________________________________________ Period: ____

Unit 11: Modern Era NotesModern Era 1969-PresentSection 11. The Nixon Presidency: The ‘Imperial’ Presidency

a. The Constitution: i. Creates a balance between 3 separate branches of government.

b. Since FDR’s New Deal, Presidential ______________ have ________________ dramatically.

i. The New Deal, World War II, and the following Cold War added powers.c. This increase in Presidential power is called an______________

__________________. i. This expansion of power reached its ______________ under Richard

________________.2. Nixon’s Domestic Policy

a. Nixon:i. Republican

ii. Moved the USA in a more ____________________________ direction.iii. Felt federal social ______________________ were inefficient

1. ______________ and_____________ _________________ could handle issues better.

iv. _____________________ many of LBJ’s ____________ _____________ programs

1. Gave those federal funds to state and local governments to decide how to spend the money

3. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)a. In 1923:

i. National Woman’s Party, proposed the ______________ _______________ Amendment.

b. In 1972:i. The amendment was finally approved by Congress and sent to the states for

________________: 1. it___________________________.

c. ________________________ _____________________________:i. Opposed the ERA, thinking it would ___________________ the rights of

wives and ___________________ family life.ii. Schlafly claimed it would deprive women of the ‘right’ to be

‘______________and ____________________’ by men.Pop-Up Questions1. Why is Nixon’s Presidency called “The Imperial Presidency?”

2. In what way was Nixon different than LBJ?

3. What was the ERA and who was opposed to the Act?

4. Nixon’s Supreme Courta. The Supreme Court continued to protect 1st Amendment rights.

i. _______________ v. _______________________ (1969)1. John and Mary Tinker were suspended from school for wearing

_______________ ________________ to ______________ the Vietnam _______________

2. The Supreme Court ruled this violated their 1st Amendment right.ii. ______________________ v. ___________________ (1972)

1. struck down law requiring _____________ ____________ to attend High School

2. Violated 1st Amendment right of religious freedom.5. Nixon and the Environment

a. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)i. Signed into law by Pres. Nixon to____________________ the environment.

ii. EPA sets air and water pollution standards.b. Endangered Species Act (1973)

i. Law requiring the Fish & Wildlife Service to list species of plants and animals that are threatened with extinction.

ii. _______________________the government to __________________ these _______________________.

Pop-Up Questions1. What two cases protected 1st Amendment rights?

2. How was religious freedom protected by the Supreme Court?

3. How was the environment protected by Nixon’s Administration?

6. Nixon Opens Chinaa. In 1972, Nixon became the _________________ American president to visit

________________________.i. Since China’s Communist Revolution, the USA had refused to establish

diplomatic relations with China.b. Nixon was a strong anti-communist

i. Wanted to create a more ____________________ _____________________ in ____________________ to put more pressure on North Vietnam to end the war.

c. Reopening China was one of Nixon’s ______________________ foreign policy ________________________ as it ____________________ __________________ between the United States and China

7. Nixon’s Détente with USSRa. Nixon wanted a policy of _________________________

i. A ____________________ of ______________________ with the USSR.ii. Wanted to_____________ the build-up of nuclear weapons.

b. In 1972, Nixon became the ____________ ____________________ to visit ______________________.

8. Nixon’s SALTa. Nixon and Soviet leaders signed (______________)

i. _______________ ____________ ___________________ Treaty1. _________________development of _________________

______________ systems.b. USA sold American grain to Russia

i. Worked with the USSR to ease tension in the Middle East.Pop-Up Questions1. Why did Nixon choose to open-up China?

2. What is the policy of Détente and what was the purpose?

3. What is SALT and what was its purpose?

9. Nixon’s Vice Presidentsa. Nixon’s campaign slogan:

i. A return to ‘_______________ and _________________’1. The American people soon learned Nixon’s own government was

corrupt.ii. Vice-President ____________ __________________ resigned

1. It was found he took bribes while governor of Maryland.b. __________ ____________________________:

i. When there is a vacancy for Vice President, the ___________________ shall ______________________ a Vice President and confirmed by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress

ii. Nixon appointed __________________ _____________ as his new VP.1. ___________ would later become the only man to be President that was

____________ _________________ by the people of the USA.10.The Watergate Crisis

a. 1972:i. Two former CIA agents

1. Worked for ___________________’s re-election ___________________2. Caught _________________ into the headquarters of the

_______________ __________ in the ___________________ _______________ in Washington, D.C.

ii. Two investigative reporters exposed the link between Nixon and the Watergate burglars.

1. Pres. Nixon attempted to _________-______ the investigation on the grounds that it involved _______________ _________________.

iii. A Special ______________________was appointed.1. Was later fired by Nixon2. The President abolished the office of the special prosecutor.

iv. Under oath, a Nixon aide stated_______________ was a part of the Watergate ______________-_________.

v. Nixon had ______________________ all of his White House conversations:1. The Senate wanted to listen them, but Nixon _________________

claiming _____________________ _________________________.2. Nixon claimed if he turned over the tapes it would lead to Judicial control

over the Executive brancha. Violated the separation of powers of the Constitution

vi. ___________________________ v. __________________ (1974)1. The Supreme Court ordered Nixon to turn over the tapes

a. No one is above the law.vii. The ‘Nixon ____________________’ were released

1. Revealed Nixon had _____________ about his involvement in a cover-up and had even ______________________portions of tapes.

b. The House of Representatives moved to _______________________ Nixon.i. Impeach means to remove from office

ii. Fearing removal from office, Nixon became the ____________ President to ________________.

c. The Impact of Watergatei. First time a President _______________________!

ii. Lowered public ______________________ in the government, again. iii. Showed Presidential power gave opportunity for ___________________.iv. Proved our government is based on laws and the system of

_______________&__________________ works.v. _________________________role of the _______________ in informing

public. vi. Congress passed new laws to _______________ Presidential

____________________.

Pop-Up Questions1. What is the 25th Amendment and how was it used during Nixon’s Presidency?

2. What happened at the Watergate and how was Nixon involved?

3. What is the significance of the Nixon Tapes and what was the effect?

4. How did Watergate change the office of the Presidency?

11.The Ford Presidency 1974-1977a. President Gerald Ford

i. When Nixon resigned, Gerald Ford became the next President.1. Ford had _____________ even been ____________________ as Vice-

President2. He had been appointed by Nixon after VP Agnew had been forced to

resign.b. One of Ford’s first acts as President was to _________________ ______________

for any crimes.i. The pardon was not popular!

ii. Pres. Ford felt Nixon had suffered enough and he particularly wanted the _________________ to ___________________.

12.Ford and the Economya. Ford’s main worry was economics.b. _________________________:

i. _______________ ____________________1. Usually associated with ____________________ ______________ and

_____________ ______________________.c. __________________________:

i. High ____________________ combined with high ___________________and no consumer demand and little to ________ _____________________

1. During the Ford Presidency stagflation drove our economy.Pop-Up Questions1. In what way is Pres. Ford different than any other president?

2. What is stagflation and how does it affect our economy?

13.Ford and the Energy Crisisa. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC.

i. 1960s:1. ________________ was formed by several _________

________________ ____________________ located mostly in the ________________ ____________.

ii. 1973:1. OPEC used oil as a _________________ ________________ by placing

an oil __________________ on the ______________ & _______________ _______________ for supporting _______________ in a Middle East war.

iii. Overnight the __________________ of gas shot up!b. After the Middle East war ended:

i. OPEC continued with ___________ __________ _____________, making them rich and costing Western nations increased prices for ____________ and __________________________.

Pop-Up Questions1. What is the Energy Crisis?

2. Who is OPEC and what part did they play in the Energy Crisis?

3. What was the effect of the Energy Crisis?

14.The Carter Presidency 1977-1981a. President Jimmy Carter

i. Many Americans continued to blame Nixon and the Republican Party for the Watergate scandal.

ii. ___________________ ___________________, a Democrat from Georgia, ran against and defeated Pres. Ford in 1976.

iii. Carter promised to ‘_____________ __________’ Washington and _________ __________________________

iv. Like Pres. Ford, Carter’s main _____________________ was the U.S. _________________________.

1. Inflation was __________% interests rates at __________% and price of ______________ continued _____________________.

15.Carter’s Domestic Policya. The ______________________ _______________________

i. _______________________ on ___________________ ____________ and rising gas prices forced Carter to create ____________________of _________________.

b. ___________ ______________ _________________ nuclear accidenti. Carter created the _________________ ___________________

____________________ (NRC) 1. Set ____________________ for the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

c. Diversityi. Carter appointed ______________ and _____________________ to

government positions.d. ______________________ _______________________ Act

i. Required banks to make ___________________ available in low income, _____________________ communities.

Pop-Up Questions1. How did Carter work to help diversity?

2. Why was the NRC created and what was its function?

3. What is the Community Reinvestment Act?

16.Carter’s Foreign Policya. Carter wanted the U.S.A. to set a ______________ _________________ for the

world and he made _________________ ________________ a high priorityi. Condemned _____________________ (segregation) in ________________

_________________ii. Pressured the USSR into allowing its Jews to _______________________

(leave)iii. Stopped sending ______________________ ___________ to

___________________ who violated human rights.iv. Signed a deal with ____________________ returning ______________ of the

______________________ _________________ to Panama in the year _____________.

b. _________________ was created as a ______________________ for Jewish people by the U.N. in __________________.

i. The U.S.A. strongly __________________ _______________1. Pro-Western _______________________ surrounded by

________________ _______________ that intend it harm.ii. ________________________and Israel have fought _________________

____________________ since Israel was created.1. Pres. Carter arranged for a __________________ between

______________’s Anwar ______________ and _________________’s Menachem _________________.

2. Face to face negotiations produced the ______________ ________________ ____________________ ending _________years of _______________ between the two nations.

c. Carter _______________________ with Nixon’s policy of __________________ with the USSR

i. Until ______________ when the ______________ Union ________________ ___________________________

1. Carter _______________ selling ________________ to the Soviets2. The U.S. __________________ the __________ ________________

Games held in ____________________.3. Carter also _________________signing a new ___________

_____________ ________________, known as _________________________.

Pop-Up Questions1. What word/phrase can characterize Carter’s Foreign policy?

2. How did Carter change American policy in Panama?

3. What were the Camp David Accords, who were involved and what is its significance?

4. During Carter’s Presidency, how were relations with the Soviet Union?

17.Carter and Irana. The __________________ of ______________ was an________________ of the

USA, however he was also a brutal _____________________.b. In _________________

i. The Shah was __________________ by the _________________ _________________ a _________________ religious leader who was __________________ to the USA.

c. In 1979i. The Shah entered the USA for ________________ _________________,

sparking riots in Iran. 1. Two weeks later

a. _______________ ______________ seized _________ staff members of American ___________________ in Tehran, Iran.

ii. The hostages would be ________________ for over a year (_________days).1. Pres. Carter _____________________ a _______________ attempt, but

it ____________________.

iii. The U.S.A. imposed ___________________ _______________ on Iran and other countries around the world supported the United States.

1. America’s image _________________because of our _______________ to ______________ the hostages.

iv. They remained ____________________ until Ronald __________________ was inaugurated as President in _______________.

Pop-Up Questions1. What happened in 1978 that changed America’s relationship with Iran?

2. How did Americans become hostages in Iran and in what way did this effect U.S./Middle East relationships?

3. How did the Hostage Crisis effect the perception of America in the world?

18.The Reagan Presidency 1981-1989a. President Ronald Reagan

i. The 1980s saw a _______________________ in ____________________.1. Since the New Deal (FDR) the _____________ and ______________ of

the federal ____________________________ had been steadily __________________.

ii. Pres. Reagan decided it was time to ___________ down the _____________of federal government by:

1. _________________ ___________ and federal ____________________on businesses.

2. ____________________private_______________________.3. ____________________the strength of the _________________.

iii. Reagan wanted to expand the size of the government in one direction while reducing it in another.

iv. Reagan was a popular ___________________ ____________ before entering politics.

v. Reagan was originally a Democrat, until he realized the federal government was too powerful and intrusive.

vi. Reagan was elected ________________ of ___________________ and twice ran and lost the Presidential race in 1968 & 1976.

vii. In 19801. Rising ___________________ and the ________________

__________________ situation gave Reagan the winning edge over Pres. Carter for President.

viii. Reagan selected ______________________________ as his Vice-President.

Pop-Up Questions1. In what ways were the 1980s a ‘rise of conservatism’?

2. Why did Reagan win the 1980 election against Carter?

19.Reagan’s Domestic Policya. As Reagan took office the main ___________________ facing the nation was still

___________________.i. Reagan’s answer to the problem was called ___________-_________

________________ aka _______________________.1. Reagan wanted to___________ _________and _____________

_____________ regulations so that producers could create a _____________ ______________of goods.

2. He reasoned this larger supply of goods would drive ____________ ______________ and _________ _______________.

a. It would also lead to higher employment as business needed increased workers.

3. But, the U.S. _________ ___________ due to a _______________ in ___________ revenues and an________________ in ______________ spending.

4. _________________________ rates also ____________ as Americans bought more things from overseas than were sold overseas.

b. ______________-___________________ ___________ changed U.S.A.’s _________________________ policy to deal with illegal immigration by __________________________ illegal aliens who had lived in U.S. since ________.

c. Reagan nominated _____________ _________ _____________ to be the _______ _________________ _________________ on the Supreme Court.

Pop-Up Questions1. What is Reaganomics and how was it supposed to help the economy?

2. What Act changed immigration during the 1980s and how was it changed?

3. In what way was the Supreme Court impacted by the Reagan Presidency?

20._________________Through __________________a. Peace through Strength:

i. Meant the best way to _____________ ____________ was to make our __________________ think the USA had the means and the will to ____________Communist __________________.

ii. Reagan set out to ________________ American ________________ after Vietnam and have the USA continue to act as the ______________’s ____________________ of _______________ & ___________________.

1. Reagan sent the _______________ to _____________ after a Communist takeover.

b. Strategic Defense Initiative (STI) or _____________ ___________:i. Was to be a ________________ based ______________to ____________

down __________________, deterring the Soviets.Pop-Up Questions1. What is the policy of ‘Peace through Strength’?

2. What is STI and in what was its intended use?

3. How was STI ineffective?

21.War on Terrorisma. ______________________:

i. The use of _______________, ___________________________, ________________________, and acts of terror

1. Effort to make a groups voice is heard and that __________________________ will _______________ to their demands.

ii. 19831. Reagan sends __________________ to ______________as part of a

multinational peace keeping _______________2. A ___________________ ________________ attacked the American

____________________ in _______________, killing __________ Marines.

iii. 19861. Reagan ____________________Muammar Gaddafi’s _____________in

response to Libya’s involvement in terrorism.22.The Iran-Contra Affair

a. Reagan had stated he would ________________ to _________________ with ____________________

i. The __________-______________ _______________ was a _____________ _________________ run by Reagan White House officials.

1. His administration _____________ _______________ to ____________secure Iranian help with the _______________ of _________________ hostages in ________________.

2. _______________ from weapons sales were then ______________ to ___________-__________________ Nicaraguan ________________ who were fighting Communism in Nicaragua.

ii. When the scandal was revealed the image of the USA was tarnished.1. Americans again wondered if they could trust their government.

Pop-Up Questions1. What actions did Reagan take to combat terrorism?

2. What was the Iran-Contra affair and how did this policy go against Reagan’s policies against terrorism?

3. What effect did the Iran-Contra Affair have on Reagan and America?

23.Evil Empirea. Reagan often referred to the ____________ as the ‘______________

_______________’.b. Soviet leader _____________ _______________ introduced free-enterprise

________________ to the ______________ Russian ____________________.c. Some say that Pres. Reagan deserves credit for the fall of Communism

i. Because of his ______________ ______________ on defense and support of ___________________.

1. Others believe Reagan ________________ from a __________________ Russian economy and Gorbachev’s _________________ efforts.

d. Reagan and Gorbachev formed ____________________ __________________ during Reagan’s second term as President

i. June 1987 Reagan traveled to _____________ _______________ and demanded Gorbachev tear down the ___________________ ____________

1. The Physical Symbol of Communism in Eastern Europeii. In ________________ the USSR fell

Pop-Up Questions1. What was unique about Reagan’s and Gorbachev’s relationship and how did it effect U.S./Soviet Union relations?

2. Why did Reagan call the Soviet Union an ‘Evil Empire’?

3. How was the fall of the Berlin Wall a signal that the Soviet Union was falling?

24.George H.W. Bush Presidency 1989-1993a. George H.W. Bush

i. ________________ Graduate ii. WW2 ________________

iii. VP under Reaganiv. Director of _____________v. US ________________________to the _____________ ________________

25.War on Drugsa. Started under Nixon, continued by Bushb. 1960s

i. _______________ became ___________________ of youthful _____________________, social upheaval, and political dissent.

c. June 1971i. President _____________________ declared a “____________ on

_______________.” He dramatically _________________ the size and presence of federal ___________ _________________ agencies, and pushed through measures such as _________________sentencing and ___-_______________ warrants. 

ii. George W. Bush arrived in the White House as the ___________ __________ was running out of steam

1. He allocated more _______________ than ever to it. d. The era of George W. Bush:

i. Witnessed the __________ _________________ of the militarization of domestic drug ______________ enforcement.

ii. By the end of Bush's term, there were about ___________________ paramilitary-style _______________ raids on Americans every year

1. Mostly for nonviolent drug law offenses, often misdemeanorsPop-Up Questions1. How did Bush carry on the War on Drugs?

2. How did Bush expand previous policies on drugs?

26.Tiananmen Squarea. Chinese __________________ protesting against ___________________

i. Demonstrators ___________________ by tanks, hundreds ______________

ii. Bush condemned the actions but ___________________to keep ______________and ____________________ relations with ___________

27.South African Apartheida. ____________________

i. _________________ systems of strict _________________ii. Bush met with __________________ _________________ once he was

released from prison and worked to bring __________________ to South Africa.

1. Mandela was _____________ _________________ in __________ after the apartheid was dismantled

28.Persian Gulf Wara. 1990

i. _______________ (Saddam Hussein) ______________ ________________1. Kuwait controlled _________% of the _____________ produced in the

_________________2. US was ________________of what __________________ could do with

that much oil and power3. Bush demanded a UN resolution and that the Iraqi troops withdraw

b. Operation Desert Stormi. _____________________troops assembled, 500,000 were American. The

others representing ____________, _______________, ____________, and ________________ ________________.

1. Operation ______________ ____________________ 2. American led attack on Iraqi forces3. _______ _________________ of Iraqi _____________________

ii. Feb 24 1. Coalition troops _________________ ___________________ and

overwhelmed the Iraqi troops.a. Surrendered or fled, setting _____________ to Kuwait

___________ _______________ along the way 2. Shortly after, ______________ agreed to a UN-brokered

_______________________iii. End of the War

1. Forces did __________ ______________ Saddam into Baghdad so his _______________ _________________.

2. After the Persian Gulf War, ________________ ______________ stayed in the area to help _______________and establish a no-fly zone in parts of Iraq.

3. Bush’s approval ratings sky rocketed.

4. ___________________ and the Iraqi __________________ the presence of American troops, as did some in Saudi Arabia

a. This ___________________ attracted recruits to the __________________ _________________________, al Qaeda

Pop-Up Questions1. What events started the Persian Gulf War?

2. What is Operation Desert Storm and how was it effective in ending the conflict?

3. In what ways did the Persian Gulf War lead to greater tensions and problems in the Middle East?

29.The Clinton Presidency 1993-2001a. Pres. Bill Clinton

i. Bill ____________________came from a poor Arkansas background, but he attended _______________ __________ School and met his future wife Hillary.

ii. In 1992 Bill Clinton was __________________of ___________________ when he ran for President against George Bush and Ross Perot.

1. Americans believed Pres. Bush had not done enough and Independent party candidate ____________ ___________ the ____________ allowing Clinton to win the presidency.

a. ________________ _______________’s _______ ____________ candidacy was one of the most successful in history

30.Clinton’s Foreign Policy: Balkan Crisisa. _______________________, ________________, & __________________

i. Following the end of the Cold War, there was an increase in ________________ between several nations on the ___________________ ________________________.

ii. _________________ _________________ attempted to ________________ _____________________ living in ______________ and Kosovo in a policy called ‘______________ ___________________’

1. Ethnic cleansing is the: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

iii. Fearing genocide (like the Holocaust might be repeated)

1. Pres. __________________________ sent U.S. _______________ and used __________________ ______________________ to stop Serbians from attacking Kosovo.

31.Clinton’s Foreign Policy: Tradea. Pres. Clinton pushed through _________________ (North American Free Trade

Agreement).i. Opened easier _______________ between the ____________,

________________, and __________________ ii. ______________ ________________ and _____________ ______________

with the hope of increasing trade and ____________________ the ____________________ of the three nations involved.

iii. Opposition to NAFTA:1. Causes a _________________of U.S. _______________, because other

nations have lower wages, fewer government regulations, and fewer environmental concerns.

iv. U.S. also joined ______________ (General Agreement of Trade and Tariffs) to ____________________ ________________ ________________

Pop-Up Questions1. What was the Balkan Crisis and how is this an example of Ethnic Cleansing?

2. How was the U.S and NATO involved in the Balkan’s?

3. What are the names of Clinton’s trade agreements and in what ways did it effect trade?

4. What are the arguments against NAFTA?

32.Rwandan Genocidea. April –July ________________________

i. ___________________ are the ethnic ________________ in the African country of Rwanda.

1. Hutu nationalists incited Hutus to attack the ________________ group _______________

2. In total __________________________ Tutsi were killedii. The Tutsi Rwandese Patriotic Front (_____________) gained control of the

country and forced nearly ______ million Hutus out of Rwandaiii. Clinton pleaded with Government to stop and the ___________ to take

_______________

1. Decided to not get involved with:2. Conflict U.S. did not understand3. Clans/Tribes U.S. knew nothing about4. ___________________ that did not involve U.S. ___________________

33.al Qaeda & Osama Bin Ladena. ________________ _________________ grievances against ___________:

i. Supported Iranian Shah 1950s-70s1. ___________________ of Israel (Six-Day War 1967 and Yom Kippur

War 1973) & backing of _________________ in the 1980sii. Middle Eastern __________________ with Political and Economic Ties to

U.S. were ____________________1. Left opening for _____________________ ________________

______________________________ to start a movementiii. Opposed Western Imperialism and Consumer/Material Cultureiv. Did not want U.S. involved in Saudi Arabiav. Troops on Air Force base there after Operation Desert Storm

1. Did not like U.S. actions in Iraq a. U.S. Air Force flew regular bombing/ strategic missions over Iraq

b. Clinton enforced __________ _________________________ on Iraqi. Meant to ____________________ Saddam ________________’s military

1. Led to lack of needed goods for the Civilian Populationc. Middle Eastern Terrorists began attacking

i. ______________:1. Set off bomb in parking garage of ______________ _____________

________________ (NY)a. Killed 6/Wounded over 1,000

ii. _____________:1. Truck Bombs blew up U.S. __________________ in Kenya and

Tanzania (Africa)iii. ____________:

1. Bombed ____________ ______________ ported in ____________ (Middle East)

a. Killed 17/Wounded 37iv. Through ___________________ gathering:

1. Knew attacks were from ________ _________________a. Network of ______________ ________________ ______________b. Organized by ____________ ____________________

i. Wealthy exiled Saudi Arabian

v. 1998:1. bin Laden issues a call for a ____________ _____________ “Jihad

against Jews and Crusade”a. bin Laden: “Duty of every Muslim to kill Americans and their

allies”2. Clinton orders ______ _______________ on al Qaeda bases in

Afghanistana. Estimated ________________ __________________ had trained

since 1990b. Strikes failed to disrupt al Qaeda network

3. CIA briefed Clinton and incoming President Bush on ______________ to U.S. _______________________

Pop-Up Questions1. What actions led to a rise in Anti-American sentiment in the Middle East and what did this lead to?

2. What early attacks on the United States by terrorists caused an increase in tensions?

3. What actions did Clinton take against al Qaeda and in what way can these actions effect the future relationship between U.S and the Middle East?

34.Clinton’s Domestic Policya. Pres. Clinton _____________ federal _____________, ____________ taxes on the

___________, and ______________ taxes on the _______________Americans.b. Clinton proposed ______________ _____________ ________________ but

_______________to get them passed into law.c. The end of the Cold War saw our _______________ _____________

_____________ as _______________ __________________ ________________.d. The U.S. economy prospered as:

i. ____________________________ went __________________ii. Consumer spending ____________________

iii. Business ________________ were at all-time highs, especially the _________________ industry

e. __________________ Medical _________________Acti. Signed 1993 to __________________ the demands of the ________________

with the needs of _____________________

1. Eligible employees to take up to 12 work weeks of unpaid leave during any 12-month period to attend to the serious ______________ ____________________ of the _______________, parent, spouse or _____________________

2. Provides employees job-protected and __________________ leave for qualified medical and family reasons.

ii. Qualified medical and family reasons include: 1. Personal or family illness, family ________________ leave,

______________________, adoption, or the foster care placement of a child

f. Brady Billi. Brady _____________________ ________________ _______________ Act 

1. Mandates federal ___________________checks on firearm purchasers in the United States

2. Imposed a five-day waiting period on purchases (until the NICS system was implemented in 1998)

3. It was signed into law by President Bill______________ on November 30, ___________________

a. More than ___________ __________________ Brady background checks have been conducted

b. Approx. 1.2 million attempted firearm purchases were blocked by the Brady background check system, or about 0.5 percent.

i. The most common reason for denials are previous __________________convictions.

4. A 2000 study found the Brady Act reduced firearm suicide rate for persons aged 55 years or older but ______________with _____________________ in __________________ rates or overall suicide rates

Pop-Up Questions1. How was the economy different during Clinton’s Presidency?

2. What is the purpose of the FMLA and how is it supposed to accomplish its purpose?

3. What was the purpose of the Brady Bill and what are some of the actions taken from it?

35.Newt Gingricha. _______________________Representative from Georgiab. Part of the “New Right”c. Backed Reagan “Revolution” but felt George H.W. Bush had not done enoughd. Gingrich and the ____________________ with ________________________

i. Conservative action ii. 3 Core ideas: ________________________, _____________________and

___________________________iii. Some Initiatives:

1. Tax Cuts2. Reduction in Welfare programs3. Anti-crime laws4. Cutback on Federal regulations and departments

36.Bill Clinton’s Impeachment Scandala. ________________________

i. The _________________________ from office1. __________________ of Representatives vote to _______________2. ________________ holds a trial requiring a two-thirds vote

to________________________ b. Clinton had a sexual _______________________ with a White House

________________ and then __________________ about it.i. Pres. Clinton faced a major scandal and faced impeachment proceedings.

c. Dec 1998 Clinton was ___________________________ on two countsi. _________________ under oath

ii. ___________________________ _______________________d. Only the ____________President to be impeachede. Senate voted on whether to _____________________ from

___________________i. Found ‘not guilty’

f. Vowed to finish out his termi. The Senate failed to convict

g. Once again the American ______________________ felt they could _________ _________________ their _______________________

Pop-Up Questions1. What is the ‘Contract with America’, who was involved and why was it significant?

2. Why did Clinton get impeached and how is this different from previous impeachments?

3. If Clinton was impeached, why was he still in office afterwards?

Section 2: Unit 11 Notes37.The Bush Presidency 2001-2009

a. George W. Bushi. Son of President George H.W. Bush

ii. __________________________iii. Called a “Unifier, not a divider”iv. ___________ __________________-: Richard _______________________

b. 2000 Electioni. Republican ___________________ vs. Democrat Al _______________

ii. ____________________ Vote:1. Gore Won ______________ Million 2. Bush received _____________ Million

iii. ______________________:1. Bush Won ______________2. Gore received ______________

c. 2000 Election: Florida Recounti. _____________ won _________________ by a narrow amount

ii. ______________________ asked for a ________________ in several counties

iii. Florida still used ____________ ________________ 1. Machines did not accurately ________________ the ballots

iv. After _______ ________________ the recount was still going1. U.S. did not know president yet

d. ____________v.________________ Supreme Court case:i. Supreme Court ordered __________________ to _______________ because

it was impossible to know “____________ ___________” when examining the ballots

1. __________________ Florida voters under _____________ Amendmente. George W. ________________ became the ______________Presidentf. _________________ and the Supreme Court _______________ caused people to

_______________________ the ________________ ________________i. Should we have the Electoral College (EC)?

ii. What is the purpose of the EC?1. The founding fathers established EC in ________________________2. __________________________between election by a vote in

_______________and by a ______________ ___________ of qualified citizens.

3. The Electoral College consists of 538 electors.a. A ______________of ____________ electoral votes is required to

elect the President.

4. State’s allotment ________________ the number of _______________ in ___________________:

a. One for each member in the House of Representatives plus two for your Senators.

iii. Opened up ________________in ______________ ______________ about the need for Electoral College or vote on just popular majority

Pop-Up Questions1. In what ways was the 2000 election unusual?

2. How did the Florida recount effect the election and what ended the recount?

3. How did the recount effect future Presidential elections?

38.______ ___________ __________ ______________ (NCLB)a. Signed By Bush in 2001b. Supported ___________________-________________ education reform

i. Setting high standards and establishing __________________ ______________ could ________________ individual outcomes in ________________________.

ii. Required states to develop assessments in basic skills. 1. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these

_______________________ to all students at select grade levels.iii. The act did not assert a national achievement standard

1. Each state developed its own standards. iv. ____________________ federal______________ in public education v. Emphasis on yearly___________________, annual academic progress, report

cards, and teacher________________________________vi. Made significant changes in funding

1. Requires public schools to give yearly statewide ________________________ ___________________.

2. Requires states to provide "___________________ ________________________" teachers to all students.

a. Each state decides what counts as "highly qualified." vii. Requires states to have one high, ______________________ standard

1. Each state decides what its one high, challenging standard will be a. The standards must be applied to all students

viii. Goal is to help teachers and schools realize the ______________________ and ________________________ of the educational system and how it affects the nation.

ix. Opponents of this law say that funding ________________________ hurt the schools and do not _____________________ to the ______________________ of student _______________________.

c. Hurricane Katrine 2005i. Category _____________ rating brought sustained winds of 100–140 mph

and __________________ mph at times–and stretched some 400 miles across. ii. The __________________ _______________ was as high as _______

________________ in some places1. It ____________________ many of the city’s unstable

_________________ and drainage ___________________. 2. Water seeped through the soil underneath some levees and swept others

away altogether. 3. Levee breaches led to ______________ _______________.

a. Eventually, nearly ________percent of the city was ____________ some quantity of ________________.

iii. The Coast Guard rescued some ________________ people in New Orleans1. Many ordinary ___________________ commandeered boats, offered

food and shelter, and did whatever else they could to ______________ their __________________

iv. The _____________________ ___________________ Management Agency (____________) took days to establish operations in New Orleans

1. Officials, (including President George W. Bush): unaware of how bad things were

v. Affected some __________________ square miles. 1. Hundreds of thousands of evacuees scattered far and wide.2. Hurricane Katrina was the ____________ and ________ strongest

hurricane ever recorded to make landfall in the US.vi. The final _______________ _________ was at __________________,

primarily from Louisiana (1,577) and Mississippi (238). 1. More than half of these victims were _______________ _____________. 2. _______ people were never found as a result of Hurricane Katrina.

vii. Experts estimate that Katrina caused more than ____________ billion in ______________.

Pop-Up Questions1. What was the purpose of NCLB and how was it meant to achieve its purpose?

2. In what ways must each state be responsible for its education system according to NCLB?

3. How did Hurricane Katrina cause disaster in 2005?

4. What is the effect of the Hurricane on the U.S.?

39.Bush and 9/11a. Bush had campaigned on ____________________ ____________ and was weak

on foreign policyi. Was planning on devoting his presidency to issues in the U.S.

b. _______Months into the Presidency:i. Decades of ________________ policy in the ___________ __________ had

increased the ______________against the U.S.1. Lack of cooperation within the __________________ community created

an ________________ for terrorists to enter the countryc. 9/11

i. _______ Radical Islamic Fundamentalists 1. From _______________ ____________, Egypt, United Arab Emirates,

and _______________2. Financed by Osama bin Laden’s ___-________________ terrorist

organization 3. ____________________for America’s support of _________________,

its involvement in the _____________ __________ War and its continued ________________ _______________ in the Middle East.

4. ________________ __________________ in U.S. immigration system:a. Visa-processing operations overseas, control of the border and ports

of entry, and green-card issuance.b. Some ________________in the ______________ ______________

for more than a yearc. Had taken_______________ lessons at American commercial flight

schools. d. Most entered the country legally on a _______________, tourist

______________ with six month entry permits.  e. _______________ of them attended flight school in the United

Statesi. One entered on an appropriate visa for flight study

f. One entered on a student visa.5. Easily ______________________ box-cutters and_________________

through security at three East Coast airports6. Boarded four flights bound for California

a. Flights chosen because planes were __________________ with _______________for the long journey.

d. 9/11: Flights______ and __________: ____________ Trade ___________i. 8:45 a.m.:

1. American Airlines Flight 11 loaded with _______________ gallons of __________ ___________ crashed into the _____________tower of the World Trade Center

a. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor b. Instantly killed hundreds of people and ______________

_______________ more in higher floors. 2. Initially appeared to be a freak ______________.

ii. 9:03 a.m.:1. United Airlines Flight 175 turned sharply toward the World Trade Center

and sliced into the _____________ ____________ near the 60th floor.a. The collision caused a ______________________

____________________iii. 10:00 a.m.:

1. The south ________________of the World Trade Center ____________________

a. The structural steel of the skyscraper could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel.

iv. 10:30 a.m.:1. The north Trade Center tower collapsed.

v. Approx.______________ people _____________ in the World Trade Center and its vicinity

1. Including 343 ______________ and ______________, 23 New York City ________________ __________________ and 37 _________ _______________ police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors.

2. Only_____ people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse _____________________.

3. Almost ____________________others were treated for _________________, many severe.

Pop-Up Questions1. What reason did al Qaeda give for the attack on 9/11?

2. How did the attackers get into the U.S?

e. 9/11: Flight ________i. Circled over downtown ________________, D.C.

1. Slammed into the west side of the _____________ military headquarters at ______________ a.m.

a. _________ fuel caused a devastating _____________b. Led to the ______________ _____________ of a portion of the

giant concrete building.2. ___________ military personnel and civilians were killed in the

Pentagona. All _______ people aboard the airliner died.

f. 9/11: Flight _______i. Crashed in _____________________________ after the passengers fought

back1. Believed to be headed to White House or Capital Building2. __________ casualties (including 4 hijackers)

a. A vote was taken and passengers decided to ____________ ____________ against their hijackers

3. Thomas Burnett Jr., told his wife over the phone, “I know we’re all going to die. There’s three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey.”

4. Todd Beamer, was heard over an open line saying, “Are you guys ready? Let’s roll.”

5. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband. Her last words to him were: “Everyone’s running to first class. I’ve got to go. Bye.”

g. Effects of 9/11 Attacksi. Targets were all of ________________ or

______________/__________________ importance1. Triggered major U.S. initiatives to _____________ _______________

and defining the presidency of George W. Bush. 2. Bush called for a “___________ on ________________”

a. Al Qaeda was “safe” in Afghanistan3. October 2001-2002:

a. Ground and Air attack ousted Taliban forces and destroyed al Qaeda camps

i. Osama __________ _____________ retreated into _____________________

4. Launched a war on terror:a. IRAQ: _______________________Self-Defense

i. Part of the “____________ of ____________” along with Iran and North Korea

5. Plan to help spread democracy through Middle Easta. Secure oil supply

h. Effects of 9/11 Attacks: U.S. Patriot Acti. USA _________________ __________ October 26, 2001.

1. Full title:a. Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools

Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act.2. Grants Government authority to _________________

_________________ and apprehend _________________ terroristsa. Deter/punish terrorist acts in the United States and

__________________ the ______________b. Enhance law enforcement ____________________toolsc. Expanded authority to _________________ phone and email

______________________, collect bank and credit reporting records, and track on the _________________

Pop-Up Questions1. Why did the terrorists pick the targets they did?

2. How did America react to the attack and what actions did the government take?

3. What was the purpose of the Patriot Act?

4. How was the Patriot Act going to achieve its purpose?

40.The Obama Presidency 2009-2017a. Barack Hussein Obama

i. Born in Hawaii ii. Educated at Columbia University and Harvard Law School

iii. Married Michelle 1992iv. Illinois State Senator 1997-2004

1. Served as an Illinois U.S. Senator 2005-2008v. Nominated by the Democratic National Convention for President

1. Beat out Hillary Clintonb. An Important Election

i. Barack ___________________ vs. Republican John __________________1. Emphasized issues:

a. _________________ the ___________ War, b. Increasing _______________ ____________________ 

c. Reforming the _____________ ______________ systemii. Campaign set numerous fundraising ___________________,

1. Particularly in the quantity of ______________ _________________ 2. June 19, 2008:

a. Obama became the first major-party presidential candidate to turn down public financing in the general election

iii. Obama won the presidency with ______________ electoral votes and %___________ of the popular vote.

1. McCain's received173 electoral votes and 45.7% of the popular voteiv. Obama became the _____________ _____________ _________________ to

be elected ____________________Pop-Up Questions1. In what ways was the 2008 election a historical event?

2. What were the big issues Obama campaigned on?

41.Obama’s Policiesa. American __________________ and _____________________ Act 2009

i. Economic _________________ after the 2008-2009 Recession1. Provided ____________ Billion

ii. Primary objectives:1. ______________existing_______________ and create new ones.2. Provide temporary _______________ __________________ for those

most affected by the recession3. Invest in ________________, _______________, health, and renewable

___________________4. Offset the decrease in private spending with an increase in public (and

government) spending iii. Meant to save jobs and ________________ further ___________________

________________________b. Patient Protection and _________________ ____________ ___________ 2010

i. “Obamacare”ii. Goal:

1. Transform ____________ _____________ for better health outcomes, __________________ ___________, and improve accessibility.

2. Increase health insurance quality and affordability, _____________ the ___________________ ____________ expand insurance coverage and reduce the costs

3. Requires insurers to _______________ all ______________, cover list of conditions and charge the same rates regardless of pre-existing conditions or sex.

4. Reduction in the number and percentage of people without health insurance

a. _______-_______ million additional persons covered during 2016.iii. Faced _________________:

1. Congress, _______________ ____________, state governments, conservative advocacy groups, federal courts and ______________ __________________- organizations.

Pop-Up Questions1. What is the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and what was it in response to?

2. What were some of the objectives of the Act?

3. What was the goal of the Affordable Care Act?

42.Modern Era: Significant Peoplea. Sandra Day ____ ____________

i. _________________ ___________ appointed to the U.S. _________________Court.

ii. A Republican: considered a ___________________ conservative1. Served for __________years.

a. Retired from the court on January 31, 2006b. Hillary ________________

i. Elected (New York) to the U.S. ________________ in 20011. The first American first lady to ever win a public office seat.

ii. 67th U.S. _____________________ of _____________ in 2009. 1. Most _______________ secretaries of state in American history2. Promoted the use of social media to convey the country's positions. 3. As Secretary of State, the Department came under investigation after a

deadly attack on a U.S. diplomatic post in _________________, Libya.iii. ___________ ____________ in U.S. history to become the

________________ ________________ of a major political partyc. Billy _________________

i. _________________at revival meetings, and on radio and __________________________for over ____ years.

ii. Used the _______________ as a means for spreading the gospel of Christ, allowing him to access _____________ of people around the globe

d. Barry _________________i. ________________from Arizona

1. Served for _________ yearsii. Known for fiscal conservatism

1. Beginning of a _______________ to the ______________ in U.S.iii. Shaped the Republican Party’s positions on _________________ government,

__________________, and ______________________1. Revived belief _______________________ heritage

a. Placed it at the center of popular political discussion when the conservative cause seemed lost.

e. Bill __________________i. Founded _____________________with friend Paul Allen

1. The world's __________________ ___________________ businessii. Became one of the richest men in the world.

1. $______________ Billionf. Sam _______________________

i. An American_____________________ best known for founding the retail chain ___________________

1. In _____________ Walton opened his first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas

2. Grew to be the world’s largest corporationii. Today the _________________ is worth $_____________Billion

g. ________________ _______________i. Only ______________ ______________ WWII ______________ to earn the

______________ of _______________1. 1941: assigned to segregated ________th Regiment: 92nd Infantry

Divisiona. The first black unit to go into combat in WWII.

ii. Earned a ____________ Heart, ________________ Star and ______________Service ____________.

1. One of the most ____________ _____________ black soldiers in the Mediterranean Theater.

iii. _________: 52 years after World War II military service1. ________________ _____________ presented him with the Medal of

Honorh. Sonia _____________________

i. The ____________ _______________ Supreme Court _______________ in U.S. history.

1. Nominated by President Barack ________________ii. On June _____________ 2016:

1. She voted on the Supreme Court historic decision with a ___________ majority ruling in __________________ v. Hodges  that made ___________ __________ marriage ___________ in all 50 states

Pop-Up QuestionsTake a moment to Pick one of the Important people in the slides above and answer the questions below about that person1. Why was this person significant during the Modern Era?

2. In what ways did this person effect America?

3. Why did you choose this person?

43.Modern Technology and its effect on Americaa. Music devices

i. 1970s:1. Vinyl ________________ Player

a. _________________ soundb. Flat _____________ with an inscribed, ________________groove.

2. __-______________ Cartridgea. _________________ _____________ sound recordingb. Recording length was _____ minutes.c. Ford Motor Company introduced ___________-______________

and dealer-installed eight-track tape players as an option on three of its ____________ models

i. The 1967 model year, all of Ford's vehicles offered this tape player upgrade option.

ii. 1980s1. Compact Cassette (_________________ __________)

a. _______________ ________ recording for audio recording and playback

b. Come in two formsi. Already containing __________-______________ cassette, or

as a _________________ "blank" cassettec. Used for portable audio and home systems 

i. One of the most common formats for prerecorded music

d. ___________-__________ and ____________-__________ invented and were popular with Youth

iii. 1990s1. ______________ ___________ (CDs)

a. Small discb. Music or other _______________ information is stored,

i. The information can be read using reflected___________ lightc. Come pre-recorded, writeable and re-writeabled. First invented in the early 1980s, were not widely used until the late

80s-early 90se. CD Players and Portable CD players replaced devices for cassettes

iv. Impact:1. Brought music to more people 2. Able to share/_____________ and experience favorite music in cars,

homes and on the go3. Formed _______________experiences within _____________

community4. Created a ______________-________________ culture

b. Cellphonesi. 1970s: The first cellphones

1. ________________ Motorola a. 30 minutes of talkb. 10 hours to charge.c. Used by ________________/__________________ only 

ii. 1980s: Consumer cellphones 1. ______________ Motorola DynaTAC 8000X 2. 30 minutes of talk-time3. 6 hours standby4. Store _________phone numbers. 5. It cost $_______________6. Marketed to the ________________ and businessmen

iii. 1980s: Consumer cellphones 1. _______________:

a. _______________’s Mobira Cityman 900 i. weighed 1.7 pounds

ii. Still marketed for Wealthy and businessmeniv. 1990s: Huge changes in phone Tech

1. ______________-________________a. Mobile devices starting to appear in the hands of

________________ _____________________

2. 1990s: Cells phones for ALLa. ___________ Nokia __________________

i. Three _____________: Memory, Snake, Logicii. Calculator, clock and calendar

iii. 4 colors3. 1997 Motorola _______________________

a. ____________________- by the communicator from ____________ _____________

b. World’s first __________________ handset4. 1999 – ______________________ 850

a. Marketed for ______________on the _____ b. Access to ______________ and_____________ messages

v. 2000s: Rise of the _________________ __________________1. Phones with greater _____________________2. Able to ________________ and send larger amounts of ______________3. Meant to be used by ___________________

c. Computers: Now for __________________ _____________i. __________: Apple II is introduced

1. Came with the game “Breakout”2. ____________________ to Color __________3. Gave __________s to public _______________

ii. 1982: ____________________ ________1. $5952. ________ ________ of ___________3. Hundreds of games4. ______________ __________________/Printing5. Sold more than ______ million

iii. 1982: IBM _________________ _________________ (PC)1. Uses ___________’s ________-___________ operating System

a. Microsoft forms __________________ with IBM2. Revolutionizes __________________ ________________3. Led to creation of ___________ software

iv. ______________: Invention of the _____________ ___________ _________1. English Scientist Lee2. Uses ___________, URL and HTTP as its ‘language’3. 3.2 Billion users by 20154. ___________________ across the globe5. Businesses use tech to _____________ greater amount of

________________v. 2003: PowerMac G5

1. Up to this point:a. Rated as 3rd fastest Computer

vi. ____________________ of Desktop/laptop platforms1. ____________________ processing ________________2. More ________________/features3. Size/shape/color4. Need for _________________/gaming/sound

vii. Computers become smaller1. _____________________ speed ___________________

viii. Use for computers changes:1. Originally used for __________________2. Used for ______________________3. 2000s: Used for Social Media, _________________ and consumerism

ix. Computers changes from Desktops to _______________________Pop-Up QuestionsTake a moment to Pick one of the technological innovations in the slides above and answer the questions below about it1. How did this innovation improve/change America/world?

2. In what ways did this innovation lead to greater change?

3. How does/did this innovation effect your life?