1drug study

8/4/2019 1Drug Study

1/38

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Quinolones

GENERICNAME

INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO

N

PRECAUTION/ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDER

N

Ciprofloxacin

BRANDNAMECiprobay

DOSAGE250-500mgBID

Infections ofthe resp.tract, middleear,paranasal sinuses,eyes,kidneys,urinary tract

InhibitsbacterialDNAgyrasethuspreventingreplicationin

susceptiblebacteria

Drugs that inhibitperistalsis. Infantsand children,growingadolescents.Pregnancy andlactation

PRECAUTIONSevere andpersistentdiarrhea duringand aftertreatment

ADVERSE RXN

Common:Nausea,diarrhea,vomiting, rashUncommon:Anorexia,headache,dizziness, fever, GI andabdominal pain,flatulence,

confusion, vertigo

>Assess pprevioussensitivityreaction>Assess pany s/s ofinfection b& during

treatment>Assess fadversereactions>assess pfamilysknowledgedrug ther

KARLEEN L. J


2/38

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-Laxatives

GENERICNAME


N


NURSINGCONSIDERATIO

LACTULOSE

BRAND NAMEduphalac

DOSAGEInfants: 5 mlChildren:1-6 y/o- 5-

10ml7-14y/o-15ml15-45y/o- 15-30ml.

Dose given in3 days

Constipation,salmonellosis.

Treatmentof hepaticencephalopathy

InhibitsbacterialDNAgyrasethuspreventingreplication in

susceptiblebacteria

Pt who require alow lactose diet.Galactosemiadeficiency.Intestinalobstruction.

PRECAUTION:Lactoseintolerance,diabetes

Adverse Rxn:Abdominaldiscomfortassociated

withflatulence andintestinalcramps.Nausea,vomiting,diarrhea onprolongeduse.

>Assess conditiobefore therapy areassess regularthereafter to modrugs effectiven>Monitor pt for

adverse GI reactnausea,vomitingrhea,

>Assess for advereactions>for pt. with hepencelopathy:regularly assessmental condition>monitor I & O>monitor for Incglucose level indiabetic pts

KARLEEN L. J


3/38

Classification: ANTI-ALLERGICS_Anti-histamine

GENERICNAME


N


NURSINCONSIDER

N

levocetirizine

BRANDNAMEXyzal

DOSAGEAdult andadolescentsmore than12 yrs- 1tab/dayPedia: 6-12

yrs- 1 tab/

Treatmentofsymptomsassociatedwith allergicconditions(includingocular

symptoms)

Long-acting non-sedatingantihistamine thatselectivelyinhibitsperipheral

HIreceptors

Pts with severerenal impairment,pts with rareproblems ofgalactoseintolerance

PRECAUTIONAdjustment ofdose isrecommended inelderly pts w/compromisedrenal function.Lactation.

ADVERSE RXNDry mouth,headache,fatigue, rhinitis,abdominal pain,migraine

>obtain pinc. drug hand anyunkownallergies>monitorpulse, BP,respiration

> observedizziness aexcessivesedation

KARLEEN L. J


4/38

day

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES-Penicillins

GENERICNAME

INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

KARLEEN L. J


5/38

Amoxicillin

BRANDNAMEAmoxil

DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mgevery 8hoursChildren:20-40mg/kg/d

ay divideddosagegiven every8 hrs

Infections of theresp. tract, skin& skinstructures,paranasal sinuses,

genitourinarytract, otitismedia, sinusitis,meningitis,septicemia

Preventsbacterialcell wallsynthesisduring

replication.

Hypersensitivityto penicillins,cephalosporins.Not used to treatpneumonia,

bacteremiapericarditis duringacute stage.

PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivity: rxn rangefrom mild tolife threatening

ADVERSE RXN:Dizziness,fatigue,insomnia, skinrashes, itchyeyes, sore ordry mouth,

abnormal tastesensation,diarrhea, rectalbleeding

>obtain phx of aller>Assess

any s/s ofinfection

>Assess fpts sensitto penicillothercepalospo>assess foallergic rxduring the>Assess f

bowel patif diarrheashld bediscontinu

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS-Calcium Antagonist

GENERIC

NAMEINDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION


NURSI

CONSIDER

KARLEEN L. J


6/38

felodipine

BRANDNAMEPlendil

DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mgevery 8hoursChildren: 20-40mg/kg/day divideddosage

given every8 hrs

Treatmentofhypertension

Inhibits calciumion influx acrosscell membrane,resulting ininhibition ofexcitation/

contraction.

Sick sinussyndrome, secondor third-degree Avblock except withfunctioningpacemaker,

hypotension withsystolicBPassess fluvolume statadequacy opitting edemdehydrationhypotension

mouth>monitor c

status: BP, prespiration>Assess forpain:duration,intaggravating

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS-Angiotensin II Antagonist

GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

KARLEEN L. J


7/38

TELMISARTAN

BRANDNAME

Pritor

DOSAGEAdult: 20-80mg daily,usualstartingdose 40mgdaily

Treatment ofhypertension

Blocks thevasoconstrictive ansaldosterone-one-secreting

effects ofangiotensin IIby selectivelyblocking thebinding ofangiotensin IIto the ATIreceptor inmany tissues

Hypersensitivity,pregnancy,lactation. Severehepatic or renalimpairment

PRECAUTION:Can causedeath to thefetus if used onthe 2nd

trimester,safety inchildren notyet established

ADVERSE RXNDiarrhea andangioedema.Sinusitis,

pharyngitis,upper resp.tract infection,back pain

>assess conditionbefore th>Assess

heart fail

>Assess obstructi

jaundice>monitopossible inducedadverse >closemonitorin

BP and p

Classification: ANTI-DIARRHEALS

GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

KARLEEN L. J


8/38

Loperamide HCl

BRANDNAME

IMODIUM

DOSAGEAdult:initially 2cap;subsequentdose a capafter every

stool

Symptomatic control ofacute andchronicdiarrhea

Acts on thenerve endings&/orintramuralganglia of the

intestinal wallto decreaseintestinalmotility,resulting toprolongedretention offeces in theintestines

Those in whomconstipation mustbe avoided,children less than1 yr,

hypersensitivity,abdominaldistention

PRECAUTION:Hepaticdysfunction,chronicdiarrhea,

dehydration

ADVERSE RXNHypersensitivity reactions,flatulence,abdominalpain,distention or

discomfort,nausea andvomiting

>assess pbowel patt>check

response a48 hrs

>Assesshydration>assess foabdominadistention>inform ptthat dry mmay berelieved by

frequent sof water, hcandy orsugarless

Classification: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS-Anti-anxiety

( Anticonvulsant/Hypnotics/Sedatives/Anxiolytics)

KARLEEN L. J


9/38

GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

DIAZEPAM

BRANDNAMEValium

DOSAGEAdult: 250-500mgevery 8hours

Children:20-40mg/kg/day divideddosagegiven every8 hrs

Symptomaticrelief of

anxiety,agitation,tension

Facilitates/potentiates

theinhibitoryactivity ofGABA at thelimbicsystem andreticularformationto reduce

anxiety,promotecalmnessand sleep

Hypersensitivity.Dependence,

withdrawalsymptoms

PRECAUTION:Hypersensitivi

ty:cardiorespiratoryinsufficiency,pregnancy,lactation

ADVERSE RXNDizziness,

fatigue,blurred vision,dependence,withdrawalreactions

> inform pt.drug may be

taken with f>advice pt. abruptlydiscontinue after long teuse>advice pt. avoid drivingactivities tha

require alertbec, drug cacause drows>inform pt. smoking madecrease eff

Classification: DIETARY/NUTRITIONAL DRUGS-Vitamins and Minerals

KARLEEN L. J


10/38

GENERICNAME


ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

Calciumcarbonate

BRANDNAMECalci-Aid

DOSAGEAdult: 1-2capsulesdaily

Pedia:1-2 tabletsdaily

Antacid,calcium

supplement,osteoporosis

Decreasestotal acid load

of GI tract.Increaseesophagealsphinctertone

Hypercalcemia,bone tremors,

severe renalfailure,hypersensitivity

PRECAUTION:History of

stoneformation,pregnancy

ADVERSE RXNConstipation,flatulence,diarrhea, renaldysfunction,

acid rebound

> adminias antaci

fter mealat bed tim>adminissuppleme hrs aftmeal andbed time>advice increase

to 2L unlcontraindd

Classification: ANTI-ASTHMA

KARLEEN L. J


11/38

GENERICNAME

INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI

ON


NURSINCONSIDERA

Salbutamol

BRANDNAMEVentolinvilmax

DOSAGEAdult: 8mgtablet BIDPedia: 3-12

yrs4mg tabBID

Reversibleairwayobstructionincludingbronchialasthma,chronicbronchitis

Facilitates/potentiatestheinhibitoryactivity ofGABA at thelimbicsystem andreticularformation toreduce

anxiety,promotecalmnessand sleep

Hypersensitivity PRECAUTION:Hyperthyroidism,DM,cardiovasculardisease

ADVERSE RXNFine tremor ofskeletal muscle,feeling oftension, a

compensorysmall increasein heart rate,headache,muscle cramps

> drug maydecresesensitivity ospirometry for diagnosasthma>syrup mataken as yoas age 2>monitor foevidence of

allergic rxn

Classification: CARDIAC DRUGS-Centrally-acting Drugs

KARLEEN L. J


12/38

GENERICNAME


ON


NURSINCONSIDERA

orlistat

BRANDNAMEXenical

DOSAGEAdult: 1 capwith each

main meal

Long-termtreatmentofobese andoverweightpatients withrisk factors andcomorbiditi,associated withobesityincludinghypercholeste-

rolemia, NIDD,impairedglusocetolerance,hypertensionand reduction ofvisceral fat

Inhibitstheabsorption ofdietary fat

Chronicmalabsorptionsyndrome

PRECAUTION:Children assesseffectiveneothermedicationmay be tak(esp.anticoagula>pt. mayexperiencedizziness olightheaded

>advice pt report persback pain,muscle, or jpain, signs resp. tractinfection

Classification: ANALGESICS

KARLEEN L. J


13/38

GENERICNAME


N


NURSCONSIDE

N

Mefenamicacid

BRANDNAMEDolfenal

DOSAGEAdult: startwith 75-150mcg

BID

SevereHPN300mg BID

Relief of painincludingmuscular,rheumatic,traumatic,dental, post-op andpostpartumpain,headache,migraine,

fever,dysmenorrhea

Aspirin-like drugthat hasanalgesic,antipyretic, & anti-inflammatoryactivities

Pregnancy &lactation,hypersensitivity,active ulcerationor chronicinflammation ofeither upper orlower GIT, blooddisorders, poorplatelet function,kidney or liver

impairment,children < 14 yrs

PRECAUTION:If rash occurs,administrationshould bestopped,asthmatics,Hx of liver andkidney diseaseADVERSE RXNGI discomfort,diarrhea or

constipation,gas pain,nausea,vomiting,drowsiness

> assesspain befotherapy>monitopossible inducedadversereaction>advicenot to tadrug for

than 7 d>advicereportimmediapersistenfailure torelieve p

Classification: ANTI-INFECTIVES

KARLEEN L. J


14/38

GENERICNAME


ON


NURSINGCONSIDERATI

chloroquine

BRANDNAMEchlorofoz

DOSAGEAdult:initially four250mgtablet

followed by2 tab after6-8 hrs,then2 tabdaily for 2days

Antacid,calciumsupplement,osteoporosis

Inhibits theperioxidative activity ofheme, anddisrupt itsnonenzymaticpolymerization tohemozin

Presence ofretinal or visualfield changes

PRECAUTION:Hepaticdisease,alcoholism,monitorcomplete bloodcount

ADVERSE RXNHeadache,nausea,

vomiting,diarrhea, skineruptions

>advice pt thatcompliance withdosage scheduleduration of tx arenecessary>caution pt to avalcohol while takdrug>assess hepaticstatus (dec.appetite,jaundice

dark urine>instruct pt to usunglasses in brisunlight

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS-LAXATIVES

KARLEEN L. J


15/38

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

bisacodyl

BRAND NAMEDulcolax

DOSAGEAdult: 2 tab atbedtime or 30mins beforebreakfast, max4 tabs

Pedia: greaterthan 4 yrs- 1 tabSuppository:Pedia 5mgAdult- 10mg

Constipation, relief ofevacuationinhemorrhoids, prep forbariumenema, preand post-op

Increasesperistalsis& motoractivity ofthe smallintestinesby actingdirectly onthe smoothmuscles.

Nausea, vomitingor othersymptoms ofappendicitis,acute surgicalabdomen,abdominal pain,ulcerative lesionsof colon

PRECAUTION:Caution isadvised during1st 3 mos ofpregnancy aswell asadministrationto children < 4yrs

ADVERSE RXN

Occasionalabdominaldiscomfort,soreness inanal region

> monitofrequenccharactestool>monitooccurrenadverse >swallowtablet whdo not crchew

Classification: RESPIRATORY DRUGS- MUCOKINETICS/EXPECTORANTS

KARLEEN L. J


16/38

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI

ON


NURSINCONSIDERA

Carbocisteine

BRAND NAME

Loviscol

DOSAGECapsule:Adult: 250mg 2 caps,500mg 1 cap TIDSuspension:Adult 15ml; Pedia: 6-12yrs: 5ml, 2-5 yrs: 1.25-2.5 ml

Syr:6-12yrs: 10ml2-5 yrs: 2.5mlDrops:12-24mos: 1.25ml, 9-11mos: 1ml, 6-8mos:0.75ml, 3-5mos: .50ml,assesscough: typfrequency

character> advicemedicalconsultatiofor persistcough of mthan 7 day>advice pavoid smo>suggest

sugarlesslozenges tdecreasethroat irritand cough

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-ARRYTHMICS

KARLEEN L. J


17/38

Classification: GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS- ANTI-FLATULENTS

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONPRECAUTION/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSINCONSIDERA

metoclopramide

BRAND NAMEPlasil

DOSAGEAdult 10mg3x/daypedia: 15-20yrs5-10mg 3x/day5-14yrs: 2.5-5mg

3x/day3-4yrs: 3mg 2-3x/day1-2yrs: 1mg 2-3x/dayUnder 1 yr: 1mg2x/day

Gastrointestinal

motility,nausea,vomiting ofcentral andperipheralorigin assoc.with surgery

Dopamine

antagonistthat acts byincreasingreceptorsensitivityand responseof upper GITtissues toacetylcholine

GI hemorrhage,

epileptics,hypersensitivity,lactation, pts. Withbreast cancer

PRECAUTIO

N:Activitiesrequiringmentalalertness,elderly,lactation

ADVERSERXN

Restlessness,drowsiness,fatigue,insomnia,headache,dizziness,nausea

>give 30 min

before mealsat bed time> assess mestatus duringtreatment>tell pt. To adriving & othhazardousactivities for least 2 hrs

>advice pt. tavoid alcohoother CNSdepressant tenhance sedproperties ofdrug

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- BETA-BLOCKERS

KARLEEN L. J


18/38

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO

N


NURSINCONSIDERA

metropolol

BRAND NAMENeobloc

DOSAGEAdult : 50mg BIDor100 mg OD

Hypertension, chronicanginapectoris

Exerts mainlybeta-1adrenergicblockingactivity butalso blocksbeta-2receptors athigh doses

AV blocks,cardiogenicshock, sinusbradycardia

PRECAUTION:Slowing ofheart rate,occasionallyseverebradycardiamay lead tovertigoADVERSE RXNOccasionallyfatigue,

dizziness,headache, GIdisturbance,skin rashesnausea

>tablet macrashed orswallowed w> instruct ptake with m>inform thethat drug ocontrols bunot cure thdisorder>tell the pt

to discontindrug abrupcan worsenangina

Classification: CNS DRUGS- HYPNOTICS/ SEDATIVES

KARLEEN L. J


19/38

GENERICNAME

INDICATION

ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO

N


NURSINCONSIDERA

phenobarbital

BRANDNAMEluminal

DOSAGE100-320mg.max 600mgdaily

Short-termtreatmentofinsomnia,long-termtreatmentofgeneralized toni-

clonicseizures

Depressantandanticonvulsanteffects may berelated to itsability toincrease theinhibitoryactivity ofGABA onnerve

impulses

Hypersensitivityto barbiturates,pregnancy,severe renal,hepatic, resp.impairment

PRECAUTION:Impairedrenal, hepaticcardiac orresp. functionsADVERSE RXNDizziness,headache,hangover,confusion inelderly, GI

disturbances,allergicreactions,sedation anddepressionmay occur

>instruct pt. talcohol and oCNS depressaprevent inc.depression> withdrawalinsomnia mayafter short-terinsomnia impr1-3 nights>on empty sto

30-60 mins bebedtime for exsleeplessness>advice pt to positions slowprevent orthohypotension

Classification: CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS- ANTI-INFECTIVE ( ANTI-FUNGALS)

KARLEEN L. J


20/38

GENERICNAME

INDICATION

ACTIONCONTRAINDICATIO

N


NURSINCONSIDERA

Nystatin

BRANDNAMEMycostatin

DOSAGE4-6ml susp4x/day or 1-2 tabs3x/day

Infants: 2mlpedia susp4x/day

Antifungalantibioticused forprophylaxis andtreatmentofcandidiasis of theskin andmucous

membranes

Interferes withfungal DNAreplication:binds sterolsin fungal cellmembrane,w/c increasespermeability,resulting inleaking of cellnutrients

hypersensitivity PRECAUTION:Discontinue ifsensitizationoccurs

ADVERSE RXNDiarrhea, GIdistress,nausea,vomiting

>oral suspensshake well befusing> report persinausea and vodiarrhea or ifcondition wors>inform physpt is pregnant

Classification: Anticholinergic

KARLEEN L. J


21/38

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURSIN

CONSIDERA

Atropine SO4

BRAND NAME

Dose/Route:

0.5-1.0 mg IVP

Q3-5min max of

0.04mg/kg (ETT

2-2.5 x dosage)

OPP: 2-5mg Q10-

15 min (Peds

0.05mg/kg)

Pediatric:0.02mg/kg(minimum 0.1mg

- Antidote to

overdosage with

cholinergicsubstances

(nerve gases,

poisonous

mushroom)

- Pre-op

medication to

reduce salivary

and resp. tract

secretions.

Helps toreducesaliva andfluid in therespiratorytract.May alsobe used totreat aslowheartbeatorinsecticideormushroompoisoning

Contraindicated inpatients withglaucoma, pyloricstenosis or prostatichypertrophy, exceptin doses ordinarilyused forpreanestheticmedication.

Can causeblurred vision,dilated pupils,dry mouth,palpitationsurinaryretention,tachycardiadrowsiness, andconfusion

monitor consciousness

do not s

stand up quickl advise p

stay out of brig

chew sugums and suckcandies to avoidryness

use lubrdrops is wearinlensesavoid extreme

Classification: Andrenergics

KARLEEN L. J


22/38

GENERICNAME


ONSIDE EFFECTS

NURSINCONSIDERA

Dobutamine HCL

BRANDNAME

Dobutrex

Infusionrate: 2.5-10mcg/kg/min

Increased

cardiac output

in short-term

treat ment ofcardiac

decompensati

on caused by

depressed

contractility,

such as during

refractory

heart failure;

adjunctive

therapy in

cardiac

surgery

Stimulateshearts beta1receptors to

increasemyocardialcontractilityand stokevolume. Atdosages, drugincreasescardiac outputby decreasingperipheral

vascularresistance,Zeducingventricularfilling pressureandfacilitating AVnodetherapeuticconduction

Contra indicated inpatientshypersensitive to

drug and in thosewith idiopathichypertrophicsubaortic stenosisUse cautiously inpatients withhistory ofhypertensionbecause drug may

increase pressorresponseUse cautiously inpatients withhistory of sulfitesensitivity

.

Increasedheart rate,hypertension,Angina,phlebitis,nonspecificchest pain,palpitations,hypotension,nausea,vomiting,shortness of

breath,hypersensitivity reactions

Before sdobutamine thegive a plasma vexpander to co

hypovolemia (2cardiac glycosid

Continuomonitor ECG, bpressure, pulmoartery wedge pcardiac output output

MonitorElectrolyte levemay lower pota

level Do not c

with Dopamine

Tell patireport adverse promptly, espelabored breathidrug-induced h

Instruct patient to

discomfort at IV in

KARLEEN L. J


23/38

site

Classification: Antihistamine/ anti allergic

GENERICNAME


ONSIDE EFFECTS

NURSINCONSIDERA

KARLEEN L. J


24/38

Diphenhydramine HCl

BRAND NAMEBenadryl

DOSAGECapule/syrup

Adult: 50 mgtid-qid.Children >20 lb:

12.5-25 mg tid-

qid

Hay fever,urticaria,vasomotorrhinitis,angioneuroticedema, drugsensitization,

serum &penicillinreaction,contactdermatitis,atopic eczema,other allergicdermatoses,pruritus, foodsensitivity,parkinsonism,

motionsickness

Antihistamine thatreducesallergicreactions,motion

sicknessand vertigo(dizzinessand loss ofbalance),andParkinson'sdisease

Premature &

newborn infants;

asthma attack;

lactation

CV &CNS effects

Blooddisorders

GIdisturbances

Antimuscarinic effectsAllergicreactions

Special precaut

Narrow-aglaucoma

stenosinulcer

pyloroduobstruction

symptomprostatic hyperbladder-neck ob

History oasthma

increaseintraocular pres

hyperthy

CV disea

hypertension. PregnanAvoid operating v

machinery

Classification: Antagonist and antidotes

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONSIDE EFFECTS/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSING CONSI

KARLEEN L. J


25/38

Naloxonehydrocholoride

BRAND

NAMENarcan

DOSAGEAdult : 0.4 -2

mg IV q2 to 3

mins.

p.r.n.

Known

suspected

narcotic

inducedrespiratory

depression

including that

cause by

pentazocine

and

propaxyphene

Displaces

previously

administer

ed

narcoticanalgesics

from their

receptors.

Has no

pharmacol

ogic

activity of

its own

Patient known to

be hypersensitive

to naloxone

hydrochloride

Tachycardia

Hypertension

Nausea

Vomiting

Tremors

Safest drug t

when cause

respiratory

depression is

uncertain.

Monitor respi

depth and ra

prepared to p

O2, ventilatio

resuscitative

measures.

Also been shoimprove circu

in refractory

Classification: Antispasmodic

KARLEEN L. J


26/38

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONSIDE EFFECTS/

ADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDER

Hyoscine-N-butylbromide

BRAND NAMEBuscopan

DOSAGEAdult & childn >6 yr

1-2 tab 3-5 times daily.

Amp Acute attacks of

colicky pain

Adolescent >12 yr 1-

2 amp IV, IM or SC

several times daily.Max: 100 mg aily.

Infant & young

childn Severe cases:

0.3-0.6 mg/kg body wt

by slow IV, IM or SC

several times daily.

Max: 1.5 mg/kg body

indicated for

the control ofabdominal

pain (colic)associated

withspasmodic

colic, flatulentcolic

Relieve

cramps or

spasms of

the

stomach,in

testines,

and

bladder

Myasthenia gravis,megacolon.

ParenteralUntreated narrow-

angle glaucoma,prostate

hypertrophy w/urinary retention,

mechanicalstenosis of GIT,

tachycardia

xerostomia

tachycardia

urinaryretention

allergic &skin reactions

rarelydyspnea (inpatients w/history ofbronchial asthmaor allergy)

parenteralvisual

accommodationdisturbance

infrequently inj site

pain (after IM inj),

rarely anaphylactoid

reactions &

anaphylactic shock

Drucompatibishould bemonitored

in patientrequiring

adjunctive

Avo

driving &operating

machineryparenteraadministr

Avoid strict

KARLEEN L. J


27/38

wt/day.

Classification: CNS stimulant

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTIONCONTRAINDICATI

ON

SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSEREACTION

NURSICONSIDER

KARLEEN L. J


28/38

Citicoline

BRANDNAME

Somazineamp

DOSAGE

125 mg/mL 1-

2 inj/day.

250 mg/mL 1

inj/day

CVD in acute &

recovery phase,

symptoms &

signs of cerebral

insufficiency

(dizziness,

memory loss,

poor

concentration,

disorientation,

recent cranial

trauma & their

sequelae.)

- Citicoline is an

interneuronal

communication

enhancer. It

increases the

neurotransmission

levels because itfavors the

synthesis and

production speed of

dopamine in the

striatum, acting

then as a

dopaminergic

agonist thru the

inhibition of

tyrosine-hydroxylase.

Parasympathetic

hypertonia Gastrointestinal

disorders

Somazine mus

administered alo

medicaments co

meclophenoxate

Classification: Loop Diuretic

KARLEEN L. J


29/38

GENERICNAME


ONSIDE

EFFECTSNURSIN

CONSIDERAFurosemide

BRAND NAME

Lasix

DOSAGEAdult:

Initially 1/2-1-2

tab/day

Maintenance: 1/2-1

tab/day

20-40 mg IV/IM

Children: 2 mg/kg

body/wt

acute pulmonaryedemaedemahypertension

inhibits

sodium and

chloride

reabsorption

at theproximal and

distal tubules

and the

ascending

loop of Henle

Anuria hepatic coma

& precoma severe

hypokalemia &/orhyponatremia

hypovolemiaw/ or w/ohypotension

Hypersensitivity to

furosemide or

sulfonamides

vertigo,dizziness,headache,paresthesia,orthostatichypotension,thrombophlebitis,abdominal pain,hypokalemia,anemiamuscle spasm

To prevennocturia, give prein the morning athe afternoon

Watch forhpokalemia

do not coTorsemide or LasLonox

advise patake drug with foprevent GI upset

inform patient of p

need for potassium

magnesium supple

Classification: Anri- ulcer

KARLEEN L. J


30/38

GENERICNAME


ONSIDE EFFECTS

NURSINCONSIDERA

Ranitidine HCL

BRAND NAME

Xantac

DOSAGE50 mg by slow

IV then 0.125-

0.25 mg/kg/hr

as continuous IV

infusion

Duodenal and

gastric ulcers

Maintenance

therapy forgastric and

duodenal ulcer

GERD

Erosive

esophagitis

Heartburn

Completely

inhibits

action of

histamine on

the H2 atreceptor

sites of

parietal

cells,

decreasing

gastric acid

secretions

Contraindicated in

patients

hypersensitive to

drug and those with

porphyria

Use cautiously in

patients with hepatic

dysfunction. Adjust

dose in patients with

impaired renal

function

Vertigo, malaise,

headache, blurred

vision, jaundice,

burning and

itching at injectionsite

Assess patient f

abdominal pain.

presence of blood

emesis, stool, or

aspirate

Ranitidine may

to total parentera

solution

Instruct patient

use of OTC prepa

indicated.

Remind patient once daily prescr

at bedtime for be

Instruct patient

without regard to

because absorpt

affected by food

KARLEEN L. J


31/38

Classification: Nutrional Agents (Calorics)

GENERICNAME


ONSIDE

EFFECTSNURSI

CONSIDER

DextroseBRANDNAME

DOSAGEDosage

depends on

fluid and

caloric

requirements

Fluid

replacementand caloric

supplementati

on in patient

who cant

maintain

adequate oral

intake or who

is restricted

from doing so.

Minimize

glyconeogenesis and promotes

anabolism in

patients who

cant receive

sufficient oral

caloric intake.

Hyperglycemia,

diabetic coma,

intracranial or intra

spinal hemorrhage or

delirium tremens.

Mentalconfusion,unconsciousness inhyperosmolarnonketoticsyndrome.

Pulmonaryedema

Glycosuria,osmoticdiuresis

Metabolic:hyperglycemia,hypervolemia

Rapidterminationafter longterm infusionmay causehypoglycemiarebound

Use cautiouslcardiac or puldisease, hyperenal insufficiurinary obstruhypovolemia.

Never infuseconcentrated rapidly, may chyperglycemishift.

Monitor glucose

carefully. Prolotherapy can ca

depletion of pa

insulin product

secretion.

KARLEEN L. J


32/38

hyperinsulinemia.

Sloughing and

tissue necrosis

Classification: Electrolytes and replacement solutions

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTSNURS

CONSIDE

KARLEEN L. J


33/38

Calciumgluconate

BRANDNAME

Kalcinate

DOSAGETablets 500

mg, 650 mg,

975 mg, 1 g

(contains 90

mg elementalcalcium/g)

Hypocalcemia,

hypocalcemic

tetany, magnesium

toxicity,

hypoparathyroidism

Replaces

and

maintains

calcium

Hypercalcemia,

ventricular

fibrillation, renal

canaliculi

GI irritationhemorrhageconstipationvomiting

thirstrenal

canaliculihypercalcemia

polyuria

Use cautiopatients wsarcoidosirenal or cadisease andigitalized

monitor blcalcium lefrequently

Classification: Non narcotic /analgesics and antipyretic/ antiplatelet

GENERIC NAME INDICATION ACTION CONTRAINDICATIONADVERSEREACTION

NURSCONSIDE

KARLEEN L. J


34/38

Aspirin

(acetylsalicylic

acid)

BRANDNAME

Aspilet

DOSAGEFever/mild pain:

325-650 mg P.O

q4 hours; p.r..n

unstable angina:

325 P.O

once/daily

Mild pain/fever

Arthritis

Reduce risk of heart

attack in patient with

previous MI or unstable

angina

Produces

analgesia by an

ill defined effect

on the

hypothalamus

and by blocking

generation of

pain impulses

(peripheral

action)

Also impedes

clotting by blocking

prostaglandin

synthesis which

prevents formation

of platelet-

aggregating

substances.

GI ulcer

GI bleeding

Patients with bleedingdisorders

Aspirinhypersensitivity

Vit.K deficiency

Prolongedbleeding time

Tinnitus

Hearing loss

Nausea,vomiting

GI distress

Occult bleeding

Abnormal liverfunction

Rash

BruisingHypersensitivitymanifested byasthma andanaphylaxis

Give milk, foolarge glass of reduce GI advreactions.

Warn patientsprescription dwith doctor beOTC combinatcontaining asp

Watch out for bleeding gumbleeding.

Maintain adeqintake.

Obtain hemoglo

prothrombin tes

periodically.

Classification: Antihypertensives


NURSCONSIDE

KARLEEN L. J


35/38

Clonidinehydrochloride

BRANDNAME

Catapres

DOSAGE01-02 mg P.O B.

Essential renal and

malignant

hypertension

Inhibits central

vasomotor

centers, thereby

decreasing

sympatheric

outflow.

Patient hypersensitive to

clonidine

drowsiness

dizziness

fatigue

sedation

nervousness

headache

orthostatichypotension

bradycardiaurine retetion

impotence

transient glucoseintolerance(after largedose)

constipation

pruritisdermatitis

Monitor bloodand pulse rat

May be givenlower blood psome hyperteemergencies.

Rising slowlysudden posit

to prevent orhypotension.

Remove patch

defribrillation t

arcing

Classification: Antianginals


NURSCONSIDE

KARLEEN L. J


36/38

Nifedipine

BRANDNAME

Adalat

DOSAGEAdults:

Initial: 10-30mg

PO TID

Maximum: 120-

180mg

Hypertension:

30-60mg PO

Vasospastic

angina, classic

chronic stable

angina pectoris

Hypertension

Thought to

inhibit calcium

ion influx across

cardiac and

smooth-muscle

cells, decreasing

contractility andoxygen

demand. Also

may dilate

coronary

arteries and

arteriole

Contraindicated inpatients

hypersensitive todrug

Use cautiously in

patients with heart

failure orhypotension and inelderly patients. Use

extended-releasetablets cautiously in

patients with severeGI narrowing

Dizziness, light-headedness,headache,weakness,peripheraledema, flushing,nausea,Syncope,nervousness,hypotension,palpitations,nasal congestion,diarrhea,constipation,abdominaldiscomfort,muscle cramps,dyspnea,pulmonaryedema, cough,rash, puritus

Donimmediate-form withinacute MI orcoronary sy

Aler

the previou

widespreadnifedipine cavoid this radministratExcessive hMI, and dearesult

Monpressure reespecially inwho take be

or antihype Wat

symptoms ofailure

Classification: Antianginals


CONSIDE

KARLEEN L. J


37/38

Nicardipine

BRANDNAME

Cardipine

DOSAGEInitially

20 mg P.O Tid

hypertension

20 to 40 mg P.O

t.i.d increase

dosage depends

on the patientsresponse

Chronic stable

angina

Inhibits calcium

ion influx across

cardiac and

smooth muscle

cells, thusdecreasing

myocardial

contractility and

oxygen demand

and coronary

arteries and

arterioles.

Patient who are

hypersensitive to

nicardipine

Dizziness

Headache

Paresthesis

Drowsiness

Peripheral

edemaPalpitations

Tachycardia

Nausea

Dry mouth

Abdominaldiscomfort

Rash

Flushing

Patients with

impairment s

receive lower

Monitor blood

Allow atleast

between dosa

adjustment t

steady plasm

Advise patien

immediately

experiencing

Classification: Corticosteroids


CONSIDE

KARLEEN L. J


38/38

1drug study

Documents