1. Introduction – About our project

2. Defending the castles

• Portcullis

• Defending Passageway

• Murder Holes

3. Water Defence

4. Weapons

• Ballista

• Perrier

5.Water Mill

6. Great hall

7. Chapel

This Presentation is going to help you put together pieces of evidence to make a BIG PICTURE of the history of

Caerphilly Castle.

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Caerphilly Castle in South Wales is one of the largest castles in the United Kingdom. It was built by Gilbert De Clare between the years 1268 and

1271. By 1267 Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, the last native prince of Wales, has become lord of the greater part of Wales. He posed a threat to De

Clare, the Anglo Norman lord of Glamorgan and the castle was built in response to this threat.

Caerphilly is considered to be the earliest and finest example of the true regular concentric

fortification in the British Isles. The water defences are thought to be modelled on those of of Kenilworth castle. There is a large collection of siege engines, based on known early examples.

1066 – The Norman Conquest of England. Harold is killed at Hastings and the Norman marcher lords are

established along the Welsh border lines.

1067 – Chepstow Castle is started by William fitz Osbern.

1090 – The first Norman Castle is built in Cardiff.

1215 – English Barons force King John into signing The Magna Carta. Limiting rights for Wales.

1246 – 82 – Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (the last), prince of Gwynedd rules much of Wales.

The main gate towers are square at the base but the corners are finished in

‘spurs’. There are arrow loop windows at each of the towers three floors. Above the

central gate passage, there are small holes that were used to run through ropes or chains to lift up the bridge. They were also used as murder holes, through which

boiling limewater or tar was poured on the enemy if they entered the gatehouse.

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The portcullis was a gate that shut over the entrances of the castle to keep

out invaders and unwanted visitors.

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These were holes in the ceiling of the entrance to the castle.

People in the castle would pour hotlimewater or boiling tar onto invaders.

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These were long slits in the walls where

people shot arrows to kill and wound

unwanted visitors.

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The great hall is where most of the castles main events would have taken place. As well as having a

huge fireplace to keep the building warm, the kitchens and chapel that were both important, were part of

the same building and connected by doors and corridors.

Caerphilly Castle is like a floating island,

surrounded by water it was very difficult to

attack. Swimming across the huge moat was

literally impossible and any entrances to the

castle across the moat would be blocked off.

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There are two sources of the Caerphilly Castle

moat. One of the sources is the Nant y Gledyr river. The second source to the moat is the Nant y Risca

River. The moat also used to be filled by

natural springs, but most of them have dried up.

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The Ballista was a giant crossbow which was first used

by the ancient Greeks. On most occasions, the “bow” had twin arms each worked by tension from twisted rope or hair. The single-armed bows also worked

using simple tension.

The Perrier was very similar to the trebuchet but only a bit

smaller. It was used to propel stone missiles and worked by

the single arm being moved by human muscle power. The

Perrier being smaller, didn’t throw things as far as the

trebuchet but was also used to knock down castle walls.

The Trebuchet was a heavy timber framework, with an A-frame supporting a pivot for the huge throwing arm. A strong

wooden box filled with stone ballast is placed on a second pivot at the front of the arm, a rope sling for the missile is attached to the other end. The Trebuchet was very

accurate and the distance it threw its missiles could be altered by the weight of

the ballast.