PHYSICAL INJURIES

-The effect of some form of stimulus on the body from within or without

Real when the effect is visibleApparent when stimulus is not enough

VITAL REACTIONSRubor, Calor, Dolor, Functio-Laizza

CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS AS TO SEVERITY:

Mortal: brain, heart, lungs, big vessels, upper spinal cord, stomach, liver, spleen, intestines

Non-Mortal: not capable of producing death immediately or shortly thereafter

AS TO KIND OF INSTRUMENT USED:

BLUNT INSTRUMENT: contusion; hematoma; laceration

SHARP INSTRUMENTS:- Sharp-edged (incised wound)- Sharp-pointed (punctured wound)- Sharp-edged and Sharp-pointed (stab

wound)

• Change of atmospheric pressure (barotrauma)

• Tearing force (lacerated wounds)

• Heat or Cold (burns, scald, frostbites)

• Chemical explosion (gunshot or shrapnel wounds)

• Infection

AS TO THE MANNER OF INFLICTION:

• HIT • THRUST• STAB

• GUNPOWDER • EXPLOSION

• SLIDING• RUBBING• ABRASION

AS TO THE DEPTH OF THE WOUND:

• superficial

• deep- penetrating

- perforating

AS TO THE SITE OF APPLICATION OF FORCE IN RELATION to LOCATION OF

INJURY

• Coup• Contre coup• Coup-contre-coup• Locus minoris

resistencia• Extensive injuries

MEDICAL CLASSIFICATION OF WOUNDS:

• CLOSED WOUND

• - no breach in the continuity of the skin or mucous membrane

• Petechiae, contusion, hematoma

• Sprain, dislocation, fracture, strain

• Internal hemorrhage

• OPEN WOUND

• - with break in the continuity of the skin or mucous membrane.

• Abrasions scratch, graze, impression mark, friction mark

• Incised, hacked, stab, lacerated, punctured,

ANTE-MORTEM vs. POST-MORTEMWOUNDS

• Hemorrhage more or less copious; generally arterial

• Marks of spouting• Clotted blood• Deep staining of wound

edges not removed by washing

• Presence of inflammatory and reparative processes

• Gaping wound edges

• Slight or none at all; always venous

• No spouting• Non-clotted or soft clot• Edges are not deeply

stained. Removable by washing

• No inflammatory or repair process

• Not gaping

• PATTERNED WOUNDS

• The wound assumes the shape of the offending instrumentex: belt buckles tire marks radiator grill

DEFENSE WOUNDS

• Wounds sustained by the victim while parrying the thrusts of the assailant in an attempt to defend himself

• Always found on the extremities of the victim

HESITATION CUTS or TEST CUTS

• Found commonly among suicide victims.

• Usually found on the area where the mortal cut is located.

SELF-INFLICTED WOUNDS (MOTIVES):

• To create or deliberately magnify an existing injury or disease for pension or workmen’s compensation.

• To escape certain obligations or punishment.

• To create a new identity or destroy existing one.

• To gain attention or sympathy.• Psychotic behavior*

psychotic behaviors of self-mutilation:

Head banging or bumping thermophilia

CastrationOr

amputation

Onychophagia

Pricking of acne

erruptionsBruxism

Self disfigurement

Tricho-tillomania

Subcutaneous injection of air

LEGAL CLASSIFICATION

of PHYSICAL INJURIES

Art. 262Mutilation

Art. 263Serious Physical

Injuries

Art. 264Administering

Injurious Substances and Beverages

Art. 265Less Serious

Physical Injuries

Art. 266Slight

Physical Injuries

Art. 252Physical Injuries

inflicted in a Tumultuous Affray

ART. 262 - MUTILATION

• Kinds:1. Intentionally depriving a person totally or partially of some of the essential organs for reproduction

2. Intentionally depriving a person of any part or parts of the human body other than the organs for reproduction

ART. 263: SERIOUS PHYSICAL INJURIES

• - by WOUNDING, BEATING or ASSAULTING another, if in consequence, the injured:

A. Shall become insane, imbecile, impotent or blind;

B. Shall have lost the use of speech, or the power to hear or to smell, or shall have lost an eye, a hand, a foot, an arm or a leg or shall have lost the use of any such member, or shall have become incapacitated for work in which he was theretofor habitually engaged;

C. Shall have become deformed, or shall have lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost the use thereof, or shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance of the work in which he was habitually engaged for a period of more than ninety (90) days;

D. Shall have caused the illness or incapacity for labor of the injured person for more than thirty (30) days.

ART. 264 – ADMINISTERING INJURIOUS SUBSTANCES OR BEVERAGES::

• … Any person who without intent to kill, shall inflict upon another:

- any serious physical injury- by knowingly administering any injurious substance or

beverage- by taking advantage of the

victim’s weakness of mind or credulity

ART. 265 – LESS SERIOUS PHYSICAL INJURIES

• … Shall incapacitate the offended party for labor ten (10) days or more or shall require medical attendance for the same period…

Qualified if the injuries shall have been inflicted with manifest intent to insult or offend the injured person, or under circumstances adding ignominy to the offense.… or the victim is the offender’s parents, ascendants, guardians, curators or teachers; or a person of rank or in authority…

ART. 266: SLIGHT PHYSICAL INJURIES

AND MALTREATMENT … By inflicting physical injuries which shall

incapacitate the offended party for labor from one to nine days, or shall require medical attendance for the same period;

… by inflicting injuries which do not prevent the offended party from work nor require medical attendance;

… by ill-treating another by deed without causing injury

ART. 252 : PHYSICAL INJURIES INFLICTED IN A TUMULTUOUS AFFRAY

• … When serious physical injuries are inflicted upon the participants thereof, and the person responsible therefo cannot be identified, all those who appear to have used violence upon the offended party shall suffer the penalty next lower in degree than that for the physical injuries so inflicted…

… if of less serious nature… arresto from 5 to 7 days.