1mm e-portfolio

DESIGNER MICHAEL MCMANN

TELEPHONE 01491 579172

MOBILE 0777 564 5710

EMAIL [email protected]

ADDRESS 10 WILSON AVENUE HENLEY-ON-THAMES

OXFORDSHIRE RG9 1ET

THE WORK ON SHOW PROVIDES EXAMPLES OF

BROCHURES, TECHNICAL LEAFLETS, BOOKS,

BANNERS AND EXHIBITION GRAPHICS.

THE CLIENTS I HAVE WORKED FOR, INCLUDE BOTH

LARGE AND SMALL COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES,

PUBLIC SECTOR CLIENTS AND CHARITIES.

MY STUDIO IS FULLY MAC EQUIPPED AND YOU

CAN RELY ON A CREATIVE WHO HAS MANY YEARS

EXPERIENCE IN ADOBE INDESIGN, PHOTOSHOP

AND ILLUSTRATOR. ALL PHOTOSHOP WORK,

DIGITAL EDITING AND ELEMENTS OF ILLUSTRATION

ORIGINATE IN MY STUDIO.

THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY TO PRESENT THE

WORK OF 1MM GRAPHIC DESIGN.

e-PORTFOLIO

GRAPHIC DESIGN1

mm

www.sse.com/portoftilbury

PORT OF TILBURY

ONSHORE WIND FARMPublic Information Sessions


What will the turbines look like?The turbines are manufactured by Siemens (Model: SWT-2.3-93).

The hub height is 80 metres, with three blades, each 46.5 metres long. To put this into context, with a total height of 126.5 metres, the turbines will be smaller than the two nearby Thames Crossing pylons (circa 190 metres) and the nearby chimney stacks at Tilbury Power Station (170 metres).

The Port already contains a number of high structures and is clearly of an industrial nature. Although not as high as some of the structures in the current skyline, the turbines will nevertheless form an important part of this industrial landscape.

The photomontages below were constructed using particularly clear days so much so that they do not refl ect the haze often found in the area.


FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

When will construction start?Small scale groundworks inside the port have already commenced, with routes for the connection cables currently being developed. At the end of September engineers will begin construction of the foundations which will support the four turbines, and it is anticipated that the turbines themselves will arrive on site by boat in January 2013.

When will the wind farm be completed?We anticipate that the wind farm will be completed by late Spring 2013 and generating electricity for the Port shortly after.

Who is undertaking the work?The civil construction is being undertaken by Balfour Beatty, electrical works are being provided by SSE Contracting and turbines provided by Siemens. A range of contractors are involved at different stages in the process, with local labour being used when suitable.

Where will the turbines be sited?The diagram below shows the location of the four turbines, which all fall within the Port’s boundaries.

POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION COMPOUND LOCATION

EXACT LOCATION SUBJECT TO SIEMENS RISK ASSESSMENT

PORT OF TILBURY ENTRANCE

EXISTING SUBSTATION

PORT OF TILBURY ENTRANCE NOT TO BE USED BY CONSTRUCTION TRAFFIC

Turbine

KEY


Are the turbines safe?Yes, the turbines will be perfectly safe. The equipment is made by leading manufacturer Siemens and the turbines are of a standard, tried and tested design that is used throughout the world.

As with any infrastructure project, construction will have its technical challenges so there will need to be exclusion zones around the turbines during construction. However, the construction team are experts in their fi eld and well equipped to deal with the job in hand.

Will the turbines be noisy?Wind turbines are not noisy. The main sound is the aerodynamic swoosh of the blades passing the tower and it is possible to stand underneath a turbine and hold a conversation without having to raise your voice. There are strict guidelines on wind turbines and noise emissions and the impact of noise from the Port of Tilbury wind farm has been fully assessed by experts in accordance with the Government’s procedures.

As residents will testify, the Port is a working environment. This means there is often some background noise on a normal day. During construction there will also be some temporary noise as the groundworks and installation are progressed.

Will the turbines interfere with planes and boats?Pre-construction research showed that the wind farm will have no impact on aviation in the area. There will be no negative impact on City Airport which has been consulted throughout the process. In addition, consultation has showed that there is no need to fi t aviation warning lights.

Following a detailed analysis as part of the planning process, new radar equipment is being installed to ensure that navigational safety continues to be maintained on the River Thames.

For further information on the wind farm, please visit www:sse.com/portoftilbury

Port of Tilbury Onshore Wind FarmSSE Renewables, in partnership with the Port of Tilbury, is currently developing a four turbine wind farm within the Port’s grounds.

Construction work on the project, which was granted planning consent in May 2008, is now under way, and we expect to see the wind farm completed in Spring next year.

If you’d like to find out more about our wind farm, please come along to our Public Exhibition on:

Friday, 21 September (2pm - 8pm) St Andrews Arts Centre, Royal Pier Road, GravesendMembers of the project team will be on hand to answer any questions you may have.

If you are unable to attend the exhibition, you can find out further information by contacting us via:Email: [email protected]: 01189 534563Post: Duncan MacDonald, Liaison Manager, SSE, 55 Vastern Road, Reading RG1 8BU

Port of Tilbury Onshore Wind FarmSSE Renewables, in partnership with the Port of Tilbury, is currently developing a four turbine wind farm within the Port’s grounds.

Construction work on the project, which was granted planning consent in May 2008, is now under way, and we expect to see the wind farm completed in Spring next year.

If you’d like to find out more about our wind farm, please come along to our Public Exhibition on:

Friday, 21 September (2pm - 8pm) St Andrews Arts Centre, Royal Pier Road, GravesendMembers of the project team will be on hand to answer any questions you may have.

If you are unable to attend the exhibition, you can find out further information by contacting us via:Email: [email protected]: 01189 534563Post: Duncan MacDonald, Liaison Manager, SSE, 55 Vastern Road, Reading RG1 8BU

logo

residents’ information posters

local press ad

entrance pylon

van livery

audience local communityformat mixed mediadescription port of tilbury wind farm developmentclient sse renewables

FAQs for TAsPractical Advice and WorkingSolutions for Teaching AssistantsELIZABETH HOLMES

FAQs for TAs is a friendly and accessibleguide covering the core questions that bothnew and existing teaching assistants mayhave about their jobs.

Arranged in question and answer format, it covers all theessential information that teaching assistants need to know in aneasily accessible book.

Differing from others on the market in that it focuses specificallyon the core ‘need to know’ items for TAs, this book isauthoritative and reassuring delivering exactly what TAs need tohelp them on the job.

January 2007: A4: 104pp: Pb: 978-1-84312-466-7: £16.99

Books for Staff in Primary SchoolsBooks for Staff in Primary Schools

Primary Mathematicsfor TeachingAssistantsSYLVIA EDWARDS

With the focus on enhancing themathematics skills of the pupils yousupport, this book:

� Analyses how you can develop mathematics skills

� Offers advice and guidance on a variety of learning styles

� Suggests activities for developing problem solving andthinking skills

� Includes a breakdown of mathematical principles

January 2007: A4: 112pp: Pb: 978-1-84312-428-3: £16.99

A Handbook forLunchtimeSupervisors andtheir ManagersSHIRLEY ROSE

Everything you need to know aboutsupervising pupils during the lunchtime

break is covered in this handbook. Providing guidance onimportant issues such as health and safety, child protection,confrontational pupils, bullying and supporting pupils with SENthis handbook is ideal for lunchtime supervisors with all levels ofexperience as well appealing to Head Teachers and seniormanagers as a training manual.

March 2006: A4: 96pp: 978-1-84312-068-1: £15.00

Primary ICT forTeaching AssistantsJOHN GALLOWAY

With the focus on enhancing the ICTcompetence of the pupils whom yousupport, this book:

� Shows how you can supportstudents within the ICT programme of

study - even if you’re not a confident ICT user yourself

� Tackles tricky issues such as assessment and progression

� Suggests activities for developing skills, familiarity andunderstanding

� Provides ideas and advice for effective use of ICT in othersubjects

January 2007: A4: 104pp: Pb: 978-1-84312-466-7: £16.99

Primary Science forTeaching AssistantsROSEMARY FEASEY

With the focus on enhancing thescientific understanding of the pupilswhom you support, this book:

b Analyses how you can developscientific skills and understanding

� Offers advice and guidance on pupil’s progression in science

� Shows how to use and build on children’s ideas byquestioning

� Provides suggestions for practical work and cross-curricular links

January 2007: A4: 88pp: 978-1-84312-447-4: £16.99

ICT for TeachingAssistantsJOHN GALLOWAY

Clearly explaining why computers are soimportant for teaching and learning, thisbook addresses common concerns ofteaching assistants and offers advice onhow these can be overome in order to fully

exploit the potential of ICT in school.

ICT for Teaching Assistants provides a background to ICT usewithin schools and includes step-by-step instructions,photocopiables and links to further development to broadenunderstanding.

March 2006: A4: 96pp: 978-1-84312-068-1: £15.00

ISAAC LORD CATALOGUE

GILLOTTS SCHOOL EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP SEC LIGHTING SERVICES PROMOTIONAL MAILER TAYLOR & FRANCIS SCHOOL BOOKS LEAFLET

SEC PROMOTIONAL MAILER

AUDIENCECLIENT DESCRIPTION FORMAT AUDIENCE BUSINESS AND GENERAL INTERESTFORMAT MIXEDDESCRIPTION PARTS CATALOGUE, PROMOTIONAL LEAFLETS AND MAIL SHOTSCLIENT MIXED

CCPilot100+Ferrybridge Power Station

www.vattenfall.co.ukwww.doosan.comwww.sse.com

Jean-Michel Aubertin, Chief Executive Offi cer at Doosan Power Systems, says: “The CCPilot100+

plant which we have designed, built and commissioned using our advanced amine scrubbing

technology is an essential step in the optimisation and proving of post-combustion capture of CO2,

and will be the most signifi cant project of its kind in the UK. It results from our long-standing

relationship with SSE and the lead that our Renfrew CCS Research and Development Centre

is taking in this new fi eld of clean energy generation.”

JEAN-MICHEL AUBERTIN, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, DOOSAN POWER SYSTEMS

“The Ferrybridge plant is an important project to Vattenfall as it will give us valuable insights

on how Carbon Capture can be moved forward, as well as to validate our performance

assumptions from an R&D perspective. Vattenfall is convinced that Carbon Capture is a major

mitigation means when facing the challenges of climate change.”

DR. KARL BERGMAN, VICE PRESIDENT AND HEAD OF VATTENFALL R&D

30 November 2011 sees the opening of the UK’s largest Carbon Capture (CC) pilot plant at SSE’s Ferrybridge Power

Station in West Yorkshire. The CCPilot100+ project, which is a collaboration between SSE, UK based Doosan Power

Systems and Vattenfall, supported by the Technology Strategy Board, DECC and Northern Way, is the fi rst of its size

to be integrated into a live power plant in the UK, and as such represents a major step forward in proving that Carbon

Capture technology is viable on a commercial scale.

Capturing 100 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) per day from the equivalent of fi ve megawatts (MWe) of coal-fi red power

generating capacity, the CCPilot100+ plant bridges the gap between the various small-scale pilots that have been built

and commercial-scale demonstration projects – such as the Peterhead Gas CCS Project.

SSE Chief Executive, Ian Marchant explains the signifi cance of the CCPilot100+ project in the broader

context of the UK energy industry: “The development of viable carbon capture technology is central to

the UK’s climate change and energy security objectives. We believe pilot projects such as this

will be crucial in establishing when and how the technology can be developed. This project

pilots carbon capture on coal. However, in order to meet global targets for the reduction of

greenhouse gas emissions, it will also be necessary to store CO2 from gas-fi red power stations as well as coal-fi ring,

which is why SSE is developing a larger scale demonstration at Peterhead.”

IAN MARCHANT, SSE CHIEF EXECUTIVE

SSE Chie

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Rt. Hon. Chris Huhne MP, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change explains the

importance of the CCPilot100+ project: “This fl agship test programme at Ferrybridge represents

an important milestone in the UK’s plans to develop CCS and provides a critical bridge to

meeting our long term aim of cost competitive CCS deployment by the 2020s.

“This is the fi rst operating carbon capture plant attached to a power station at this scale in

the UK and has benefi ted from more than £6 million in public money. This investment will

be invaluable to the wider commercial scale deployment of CCS by reducing uncertainty,

driving down costs and developing the UK supply chain and skills.”

RT. HON. CHRIS HUHNE MP, SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

What is Carbon Capture?

“Carbon Capture” is a term used to describe a family of technologies that are used to “capture” carbon dioxide (CO2),

for example from the gases produced by burning fossil fuels so that it can be permanently geologically stored or used.

One of these technologies is Post Combustion Carbon Capture, a technique that has been used for many years in the

oil and gas industry to separate CO2 from natural gas and hydrogen.

In the power industry, a special solvent is used to ‘scrub’ CO2 out of the fl ue gas before the clean fl ue gas is released.

The solvent is then warmed up, releasing the CO2 ready to be permanently geologically stored.

Rt. Hon.

importa

an impo

meeting

“T

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STACK

STRIPPER

STORAGE TANKS

CONTROL ROOM

CO2 EXPORT

ABSORBER

DCC

BOOSTER FAN

FLUE GASLEAN RICH EXCHANGER

REBOILER

CONDENSER

COMPRESSION

Industry regulators such as the Environment Agency and the Health and Safety Executive will also be able to learn

from the project, enabling the UK to move closer to widespread deployment of CCS.

The global Carbon Capture industry is still developing and the UK has excellent offshore storage potential giving it a

strong geographical advantage. Projects like CCPilot100+ and the forthcoming CCS Demonstration Programme could

enable UK industry to build world leading expertise in the construction and operation of commercial-scale Carbon

Capture systems creating a wide range of environmental, employment and economic benefi ts.

Why is the CCPilot100+ project important to the UK?

Fossil fuel power stations will continue to be used for many decades in the UK, providing a critical role balancing

infl exible nuclear plant with intermittent renewables. The successful deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage

technology is key to enabling fossil plant to continue to provide energy security in an ultra-low carbon future.

Until now, the largest operable post combustion capture plant in the UK has been ~0.1MWe and yet the national

ambition for the CCS demonstration programme calls for 300-400MWe sized plant, increasing in scale to reduce costs.

The signifi cance of CCPilot100+ lies in its scale – selected to divide the scale up challenge into two manageable steps.

It will be the largest operational carbon capture project in the UK giving academic and industry researchers the

opportunity to gain fi rst-hand experience of carbon capture, building UK capacity for the future.

8PP, CONFERENCE HANDOUT

AUDIENCE INDUSTRY AND GENERAL PUBLICFORMAT VARIOUSDESCRIPTION FERRYBRIDGE CARBON CAPTURE POWER PLANTCLIENT SSE

Ferrybridge Power Station

30 November 2011 sees the opening of the UK’s largest Carbon Capture (CC) pilot plant at SSE’s Ferrybridge Power Station in West Yorkshire.

The CCPilot100+ project, which is a collaboration between SSE, UK based Doosan Power Systems and Vattenfall, supported by the Technology Strategy Board, DECC and Northern Way, is the fi rst of its size to be integrated into a live power plant in the UK, and as such represents a major step forward in proving that Carbon Capture technology is viable on a commercial scale.

Capturing 100 tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO2) per day from the equivalent of fi ve megawatts (MWe) of coal-fi red power generating capacity, the CCPilot100+ plant bridges the gap between the various small-scale pilots that have been built and commercial-scale demonstration projects – such as the Peterhead Gas CCS Project.


Why is the CCPilot100+ project important to the UK? Fossil fuel power stations will continue to be used for many decades in the UK, providing a critical role balancing infl exible nuclear plant with intermittent renewables. The successful deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage technology is key to enabling fossil plant to continue to provide energy security in an ultra-low carbon future.

Until now, the largest operable post combustion capture plant in the UK has been ~0.1MWe and yet the national ambition for the CCS demonstration programme calls for 300-400MWe sized plant, increasing in scale to reduce costs.

The signifi cance of CCPilot100+ lies in its scale – selected to divide the scale up challenge into two manageable steps. It will be the largest operational carbon capture project in the UK giving academic and industry researchers the opportunity to gain fi rst-hand experience of carbon capture, building UK capacity for the future.

Industry regulators such as the Environment Agency and the Health and Safety Executive will also be able to learn from the project, enabling the UK to move closer to widespread deployment of CCS.

The global Carbon Capture industry is still developing and the UK has excellent offshore storage potential giving it a strong geographical advantage. Projects like CCPilot100+ and the forthcoming CCS Demonstration Programme could enable UK industry to build world leading expertise in the construction and operation of commercial-scale Carbon Capture systems creating a wide range of environmental, employment and economic benefi ts.


Jean-Michel Aubertin, Chief Executive Offi cer at Doosan

Power Systems, says: “The CCPilot100+ plant which we

have designed, built and commissioned using our advanced

amine scrubbing technology is an essential step in the

optimisation and proving of post-combustion capture

of CO2, and will be the most signifi cant project of its

kind in the UK. It results from our long-standing

relationship with SSE and the lead that our Renfrew

CCS Research and Development Centre is taking in this new fi eld of clean energy

generation.”

JEAN-MICHEL AUBERTIN, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, DOOSAN POWER SYSTEMS

“The Ferrybridge plant is an important project to Vattenfall as

it will give us valuable insights on how Carbon Capture can

be moved forward, as well as to validate our performance

assumptions from an R&D perspective. Vattenfall is

convinced that Carbon Capture is a major mitigation

means when facing the challenges of climate change.”

DR. KARL BERGMAN, VICE PRESIDENT AND HEAD OF VATTENFALL R&D

“The Ferrybridg

it will give us va

be moved for

assumptio

convince

means

Jean-M

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have de

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Rt. Hon. Chris Huhne MP, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate

Change explains the importance of the CCPilot100+ project: “This

fl agship test programme at Ferrybridge represents an important

milestone in the UK’s plans to develop CCS and provides a critical

bridge to meeting our long term aim of cost competitive CCS

deployment by the 2020s.”

“This is the fi rst operating carbon capture plant

attached to a power station at this scale in the UK

and has benefi ted from more than £6 million in public money. This investment

will be invaluable to the wider commercial scale deployment of CCS by reducing

uncertainty, driving down costs and developing the UK supply chain and skills.”

RT. HON. CHRIS HUHNE MP, SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE

SSE Chief Executive, Ian Marchant explains the signifi cance of

the CCPilot100+ project in the broader context of the UK energy

industry: “The development of viable carbon capture

technology is central to the UK’s climate change and

energy security objectives. We believe pilot projects

such as this will be crucial in establishing when and

how the technology can be developed. This project

pilots carbon capture on coal. However, in order to meet global targets for the

reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, it will also be necessary to store CO2 from

gas-fi red power stations as well as coal-fi ring, which is why SSE is developing a

larger scale demonstration at Peterhead.”

IAN MARCHANT, SSE CHIEF EXECUTIVE

SSE Chi

the CCP

in

Rt. Hon.

Change e

fl agship t

milestone

brid

de

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What is carbon capture?

“Carbon Capture” is a term used to describe a family of technologies that are used to “capture” carbon dioxide (CO2), for example from the gases produced by burning fossil fuels so that it can be permanently geologically stored or used. One of these technologies is Post Combustion Carbon Capture, a technique that has been used for many years in the oil and gas industry to separate CO2 from natural gas and hydrogen.

In the power industry, a special solvent is used to ‘scrub’ CO2 out of the fl ue gas before the clean fl ue gas is released. The solvent is then warmed up, releasing the CO2 ready to be permanently geologically stored.


STACK

STRIPPER

STORAGE TANKS

CONTROL ROOM

CO2 EXPORT

ABSORBER

DCC

BOOSTER FAN

FLUE GASLEAN RICH EXCHANGER

REBOILER

CONDENSER

COMPRESSION

CONFERENCE POSTERS

Larkhill5,000 YEARS OF HISTORY

Today, say ‘Larkhill’, and to most people it means the Camp, home to over 3000 people, mostly the men and women of the Royal Artillery, their families and those who help them to perform their military duties. But Larkhill itself is just one part of a much wider military and civilian community that includes other camps at Bulford, Netheravon and Tidworth, together with the nearby villages of Durrington and Shrewton, and the town of Amesbury. These places all have long histories that can be seen in their old buildings. But what about Larkhill? There is no village of Larkhill, its church is magnifi cent but not ancient and there are no cottages of stone and thatch. So does it have a story?

Yes it does!

This booklet tells the story of Larkhill, from the time of Stonehenge 5000 years ago to the 21st century’s modern and ever changing camp. A story that includes nearly 120 years of the Royal Artillery, starting with tents, tin huts and lots of mud. With evidence from archaeological fi nds, maps, photographs and, perhaps most importantly, the words of those who lived and worked here...

This is the story of Larkhill.

1

WELCOME TO LARKHILL

2013

1929

1916

This booklet has been produced as part of the Layers of Larkhill Project

Text by Julian Richards

Layout and design by Michael McMann, 1mm graphic design

Maps by Sarah Cottam, AC Archaeology

Illustrations:

Page 1 (1916 and 1929), 5 (lower), 6, 7 (top),10 and 11 courtesy of Fullers of Amesbury

Cover and page 1 (bottom) provided courtesy of the MOD.

All other photographs Julian Richards, Layers of Larkhill Project

Printed by Amesbury Printing Company

© Crown copyright 2013

CONTENTS Page

1 Welcome to Larkhill

2 At the time of Stonehenge

3 After Stonehenge

4 The Hill of the Larks

5 The Gunners Arrive

6 Tin huts and still more mud (1914-18)

7 Flying with the larks

8 – 9 History map of Larkhill

10 The train arriving at Larkhill

11 Between the Wars - Larkhill in the 1920’s

12 World War II

13 In living memory

14 Larkhill today

15 The new generation - Larkhill Primary School

16 The Layers of Larkhill Project 2012-2013

Within weeks of the declaration of war in August 1914 plans had been drawn up to replace the tents with camps of solidly built huts. The work began in the autumn of that year and was largely completed during 1915. The building blocks of these camps, of which there were eventually over 30, were Armstrong huts, 60 feet (18m) long and 20 feet (6m) wide. They had a timber frame, raised above the ground on bricks or wood, with walls and roofs of corrugated iron lined with plywood or thin boards. Each of the individual camps was designed to accommodate a battalion so, arranged around a parade ground there would be forty Armstrong huts as well as the offi cers’ mess and accommodation, sergeants’ mess, showers, dining rooms and a cookhouse. There were also stables, garages and stores.

For the soldiers at Larkhill these huts were a great improvement from the

tents they had been living in. Thirty to forty men lived in each hut, where, even though the wind whistled in through gaps in the boards and the only heating was a coal stove, they could at least keep their kit dry.

But the mud was still a problem. Vehicles, horses and the construction work itself churned tracks and roads into swamps. In 1917 Larkhill was described as “a great camp...but an awful mud hole...”

Larkhill has a very important place in the history of military fl ying. In 1909 the fi rst fl ying fi eld was set out by Horatio Barber where Tombs Road joins the Packway. His fi rst aeroplane shed was joined in 1910 by three military hangars and, at the bottom of Wood Road, by those of the Bristol and Colonial Aircraft Company. These still stand, now used as stores, and are the oldest surviving hangars in Britain.

This part of Larkhill was the focus for early military fl ying and for the aircraft trials which took place in 1912. The military had recognised the value of aerial reconnaissance and decided to invest in aeroplanes and pilot training. This decision was to prove vital in the early stages of the First World War.

Flying over a hundred years ago may have been new and exciting but it was also very dangerous. On the 5th July 1912 the fi rst fatal military aeroplane accident on Salisbury Plain happened near to where the new Stonehenge Visitor Centre has been built. A year

later, on 17th July 1913, Major Alexander William Hewetson of the 66th Battery Royal Field Artillery was killed when he crashed near Wood Road. The site of his fatal accident is marked by a memorial stone.

6 7

TIN HUTS AND STILL MORE MUD (1914-18) FLYING WITH THE LARKS

Building Armstrong huts in 1915. In the background, building supplies arrive on the Larkhill Military Railway

Larkhill’s infamous mud

Bristol and Colonial Aircraft Company hangars c.1912

Bristol Box Kite 1911

Bristol and Colonial Aircraft Company hangars on Wood Rd

Larkhill was a busy establishment during WW2 (1939-45). New artillery equipment and troops from around the Commonwealth meant that even more accommodation was needed so some new tin huts were built. There were air raids with casualties and at the time of

the Dunkirk evacuations in May 1940, every bit of spare accommodation at Larkhill was taken over for Allied troops brought back from France. Over 5,000 men arrived in just 24 hours.

Reminders of the lives of those stationed at Larkhill during this time came from another of the project excavations just west of the camp. Here the traces of ditches dug to surround a gun battery could be seen on aerial photographs and clearly picked out on a geophysical survey scan. In the chalky soil that fi lled the ditches were .303 cartridges dated to the 1940’s, old mess tins, broken NAAFI china and more personal items like belt buckles and toothbrushes. There was even a bottle of Brylcreem, still with some of its contents.

To the young Gunner recruits that worked on this excavation these items provided a strong connection with the soldiers who had lived and trained at Larkhill nearly three generations earlier.

In the villages around Amesbury there are still many people who can remember living at Larkhill in the 1950’s and 60’s, when parts of the camp were still covered in the tin huts built over half a century earlier. By this time each hut, previously occupied by 30 or 40 soldiers, had been converted into two simple but comfortable family homes. A rent of 2/6d (12.5p) a week provided a living room, two bedrooms, a bathroom and toilet, and a kitchen with a stove all under a tin roof - very noisy when it rained.

As part of our ‘Larkhill voices’ project, Pamela Wainwright from Durrington recalled happy memories of life in one of the huts in the 1950’s…

“…they did look ropey on the outside – I must admit. Nobody spent their time

painting them – we just lived in them. We all knew that they were lovely inside

and we were never ashamed of having anybody in…the door was open all

the time…”

Pamela painted a picture of a real community, a friendly place of comfortable houses where washing dried on the line outside, children played in the sun and where…

“…we made our own fun – we walked miles with the children”

This is a Larkhill which survives only in memories and

photographs.

12 13

WORLD WAR II IN LIVING MEMORY

As paPamerecalof th

“…thmust

painW

a

Pamecommcomfdried

in the tin f a century e each cupied rs, had to two

rtable ent

n when it rained.

This is a Larkhill which survonly in memories a

photogra

A Gunner’s tea mug c.1940

Geophysical survey plot of the WWII gun battery

Gunner recruit Rajunder Singh of 24 (Irish) Battery (now 47 Regiment RA) with a live .303 round

Pamela’s photograph’s of her son Stephen in pram and pushchair c.1958

Larkhill was a busy establishment during WW2 (1939-45). New artillery equipment and troops from around the Commonwealth meant that even more accommodation was needed so some new tin huts were built. There were air raids with casualties and at the time of

the Dunkirk evacuations in May 1940, every bit of spare accommodation at Larkhill was taken over for Allied troops brought back from France. Over 5,000 men arrived in just 24 hours.

Reminders of the lives of those stationed at Larkhill during this time came from another of the project excavations just west of the camp. Here the traces of ditches dug to surround a gun battery could be seen on aerial photographs and clearly picked out on a geophysical survey scan. In the chalky soil that fi lled the ditches were .303 cartridges dated to the 1940’s, old mess tins, broken NAAFI china and more personal items like belt buckles and toothbrushes. There was even a bottle of Brylcreem, still with some of its contents.

To the young Gunner recruits that worked on this excavation these items provided a strong connection with the soldiers who had lived and trained at Larkhill nearly three generations earlier.

In the villages around Amesbury there are still many people who can remember living at Larkhill in the 1950’s and 60’s, when parts of the camp were still covered in the tin huts built over half a century earlier. By this time each hut, previously occupied by 30 or 40 soldiers, had been converted into two simple but comfortable family homes. A rent of 2/6d (12.5p) a week provided a living room, two bedrooms, a bathroom and toilet, and a kitchen with a stove all under a tin roof - very noisy when it rained.

As part of our ‘Larkhill voices’ project, Pamela Wainwright from Durrington recalled happy memories of life in one of the huts in the 1950’s…

“…they did look ropey on the outside – I must admit. Nobody spent their time

painting them – we just lived in them. We all knew that they were lovely inside

and we were never ashamed of having anybody in…the door was open all

the time…”

Pamela painted a picture of a real community, a friendly place of comfortable houses where washing dried on the line outside, children played in the sun and where…

“…we made our own fun – we walked miles with the children”

This is a Larkhill which survives only in memories and

photographs.

12 13

WORLD WAR II IN LIVING MEMORY

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This is a Larkhill which survonly in memories a

photogra

A Gunner’s tea mug c.1940

Geophysical survey plot of the WWII gun battery

Gunner recruit Rajunder Singh of 24 (Irish) Battery (now 47 Regiment RA) with a live .303 round

Pamela’s photograph’s of her son Stephen in pram and pushchair c.1958

Five and a half thousand years ago, at the end of the Stone Age, in a time known as the ‘Neolithic’, the fi rst farmers came to the rolling chalklands of Salisbury Plain, bringing with them crops of wheat and barley and farm animals: cows, pigs and sheep. They changed the landscape and buried some of their most important people under long mounds of earth and white chalk. One of these ‘long barrows’ still survives as a low mound in the grass just opposite the Packway Offi cers’ Mess.

Five hundred years later, in about 3000BC, work started at Stonehenge. At fi rst it was just a circular ditch but 500 years after that huge stones were brought from north Wiltshire and smaller ones all the way from Wales. Today over one million people a year visit this amazing ancient temple which lies just south of Larkhill.

Evidence of the people that may have built Stonehenge was found in 2006

to the east of Larkhill near to the Stonehenge Inn roundabout. Here, at a place called Durrington Walls, archaeologists found traces of small square houses built of wood, chalk and clay. They were big enough for a small family and probably had thatched roofs. A replica of one of the houses was built at Larkhill Primary School in 2012.

Once Stonehenge was built the landscape around it fi lled up with hundreds of round chalky mounds (‘barrows’), each the burial place of a rich and important person who wanted to be buried close to the great temple. This was the beginning of the Bronze Age, about 2300BC, when people had just started using metal for tools, weapons and for decoration. The people in the round barrows were buried with decorated pots, bronze weapons and even precious jewellery of gold and amber. Most of the barrows were dug into about 200 years ago by early archaeologists (what they found can

still be seen in the Wiltshire Museum at Devizes) but many of the mounds still survive, some within Larkhill Camp.

By about 1000 BC Stonehenge had gone out of use and the landscape around it had become farmland. In 2012 an archaeological dig carried out as part of the Layers of Larkhill project found evidence of a Bronze Age village in ploughed fi elds just west of Willoughby Road on the western edge of the camp.

So there were people living at Larkhill, not far from today’s accommodation, three thousand years ago.

2 3

AT THE TIME OF STONEHENGE AFTER STONEHENGE

A replica Bronze Age burial at Larkhill School!

3000 year old bone needle from the Bronze Age village

Excavation at the Bronze Age village 2012

The construction of the hutted camps in 1914/15 required huge quantities of building materials so, at the same time, the Larkhill Military Railway was built to assist with transport. It branched off the Bulford Line at Ratfyn Junction just north of Amesbury, crossed the River Avon on a steel girder bridge and then ran up into camp with branches to Rollestone, Fargo Hospital, Stonehenge Aerodrome and fi nally down to Druid’s Lodge. There were eventually over 10 miles of track.

Although vital to the reconstruction of Larkhill the railway was short lived. By 1928 it had ceased to operate but its line can still be traced from the point where it crossed the Countess (Durrington to Amesbury) Road up into camp. It follows modern footpaths, sometimes in shallow cuttings below fi eld level, at other times running along a chalk

embankment. This is what is often known as ‘the apple track’, the trees that grow along the paths thought to be the result of soldiers throwing apple cores out of train windows. There are other clues too, like the remains of a brick platform near the Strangways stables.

Within Larkhill the railway crossed the Packway just west of the Garrison Church before looping round behind the Packway shops and heading westwards. Nothing is visible of the line from here onwards.

In 1920 the School of Instruction of Royal Horse and Royal Field Artillery at Larkhill became the more simply titled School of Artillery. The Larkhill of this time was described as looking like a frontier town: bleak and bare with rows of tin huts stretching out on either side of the Packway. But in the years between the Wars, Larkhill started to take on a new appearance and become a place that might be familiar to a soldier of today.

In 1928 Offi cers’ Quarters were built at Strangways and in the following years roads were improved, abandoned huts cleared away and trees planted on either side of the Packway. Between 1931 and

the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, the building of the Sergeants’ Mess, the Garrison Church, the Packway Offi cers’ Mess and even brick shops along the Packway all showed that the

Gunners were here to stay.

By this time there was even a cinema, ‘The Globe’, to add to the attractions

of the Garrison Theatre which had

been entertaining troops since 1926.

But most of those who came and trained at Larkhill were still housed in the old tin huts, accommodation that was to prove valuable and was even added to during the years of the Second World War.

10 11

THE TRAIN ARRIVING AT LARKHILL... BETWEEN THE WARS - LARKHILL IN THE 1920’S

To Druid’s Lodge

To Bulford

N

The Larkhill Military Railway – Ratfyn to Druid’s Lodge

The locomotive ‘Queen Mary’ on the Larkhill railway

Centre: “Army manoeuvres” Larkhill 1930

Fargo Hospital

Aerodrome

Strangways

Countess Crossing

Ratfyn

Amesbury Station

Stonehenge

Larkhill Camp

L&SWR

River Avon

18

...arrived here safely at Amesbury Station...having lovely weather. About 30,000 troops on the Plain at present. Salisbury Plain is far better than I thought it was in fact it could almost be called pretty. I can see Stonehenge from my tent it’s about 1½ miles away. I and some more chaps walked over to see it last night it’s wonderful about 3700 years old. Wilbur Wrights aeroplane shed is 2 miles away (have seen it). Hope to see him fl y. We are fi ring on the ranges tomorrow. Kind regards to all from Jack

Postcard from Larkhill Camp May 31st 1910

8 9

HISTORY MAP OF LARKHILL

Neolithic long barrow (burial mound)

Excavation site Bronze Age village

0

BRONZE AGE BURIAL MOUND

Durrington Down

ToStonehenge

Larkhill Camp

WW2 trench excavation

Larkhill Primary School

Garrison Church

500m

N

ToDurrington Wallsand Woodhenge

ToAmesbury

The Packway

Route of military railway

Hewetson crash site, 1913

Site of fi rst airfi eld

1910 Bristol hangarsFargo Road

Strangways

The Layers of Larkhill Project was designed to explore the long history of Larkhill, from the time of Stonehenge to the present day, with particular emphasis on the people who had lived and worked there over the years. This was a project for both the military and civilian communities of Larkhill and the surrounding area. The Layers of Larkhill Project could not have succeeded without their help and without the generous funding of Plain Action.

Larkhill Primary School happily engaged with the exploration, giving the children the idea that it is their history and, perhaps as important, that history can be fun.

Another very positive area of engagement has been with young

Gunner Phase 2 recruits of 24 (Irish) Battery – recruits whose military ancestors trained at Larkhill over the last century. They have studied the history of Larkhill, learnt about the Roman Army and the military railway, excavated test pits and helped with activities at the school. As a result they, and those that follow them in training, will be more aware of their proud military heritage.

The story of Larkhill is not complete. It will evolve with new research and may well be helped by discoveries made as new buildings are constructed to prepare the Army for the future.

This brief account, which owes so much to those who have already studied Larkhill is simply – the story so far…

16

THE LAYERS OF LARKHILL PROJECT 2012 – 2013

Young Royal Artillery recruits under training at work in the community – Larkhill School 2013

The Layers of Larkhill project would like to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations:

Plain Action

Wiltshire Council

Cllr Graham Wright and Mary Towle of Durrington Town Council

Larkhill Primary School (headmaster Steve Norton)

Larkhill Community Partnership

The Royal School of Artillery (RSA) - Cpl Rob Dobson

14th Regiment Royal Artillery - Sgt Martin Cartwright

19th Regiment Royal Artillery – Unit Welfare Offi cer Capt Taff Evans

32nd Regiment Royal Artillery

REME Workshops - Larkhill

Sue Harper and Emma Link of the Army Welfare Service

Training and Innovation Centre RSA

Aspire Defence Services Ltd (ADSL)

Sodexo Defence Services

Hills Waste

Knights Tailoring

Garrison PRI

County Carpets Amesbury

Wings Over Stonehenge (WOSH) – Timothy Brown and Ted Mustard

Layers of Larkhill Steering Group – WO2 Andy Dent

Julian Richards would also like to acknowledge the support of:

The team at the Ancient Technology Centre - Cranborne

For geophysical survey:

Geofl ow Surveys (Liz, Nigel and Neil)

Anthony Butcher - Defence Infrastructure Organisation (DOI)

For archaeological support:

Berkshire Archaeological Services (Frances Raymond and Roy Entwhistle)

The archaeological volunteers, Natalie and family, Rob, Kathy, Jenny, Sue and Katy.

Barbara Gibson and all those who told us their ‘Larkhill Stories’

Claire Ryley for her work with Larkhill Primary School

And special thanks to Lieutenant Colonel John Le Feuvre, Deputy Garrison Commander of Larkhill Garrison

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