A) allowed elements of capitalismB) maintained the democratic processC) strengthened communismD) increased global tensions

1. One similarity between Mikhail Gorbachev’s perestroikaand Deng Xiaoping’s Four Modernizations is that each

A) Monarchies were reestablished in both countries.B) Democratic principles flourished in both countries.C) Both communist governments faced economic

stagnation.D) Both countries threatened to use chemical weapons

against China.

2. What is one way post–World War II North Korea andpost–World War II East Germany are similar?

A) Supply and demand determines what will beproduced.

B) Most economic decisions are made by thegovernment.

C) The means of production are controlled by laborunions.

D) The economy is mainly agricultural.

3. Which statement describes one major aspect of acommand economy?

4. Base your answer to the following question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) South Korea has more mineral resources than North Korea.B) South Korea has flourished while North Korea is struggling to survive.C) North Koreans have chosen to separate themselves from the South Koreans.D) North Korea was devastated by the war with South Korea.

What is the main idea of this 1997 cartoon?

5. Base your answer to the following question on the chart below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) Since the end of apartheid, most blacks have gained economic equality.B) In some sectors of the economy, blacks earn more than whites.C) Despite the end of apartheid, many blacks continue to struggle economically.D) Economic opportunity for blacks is directly related to education reform.

Which conclusion about South Africa's economy can be drawn from this chart?

A) The governments of different countries reacted invarious ways to the same problem.

B) Population explosions took place in some countriesduring the 20th century.

C) Some countries looked toward other nations to helpsolve their problems.

D) Countries have had to address a variety ofeconomic and social problems.

6. • China implemented a one-child policy.• African nations established educational and health careagendas.• Latin American nations worked with the United Statesto reduce drug trafficking.

Which conclusion can best be drawn using all of thesestatements?

A) promote foreign ownership of oil fieldsB) lift economic sanctions and establish free tradeC) improve trade relations with the WestD) influence the price of oil and set production levels

7. The main reason oil-producing states formed theOrganization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)was to

A) Deng Xiaoping B) Kim Jong IIC) Aung San Suu Kyi D) Ho Chi Minh

8. Base your answer to this question on the cartoon belowand on your knowledge of social studies.

The policies of which 20th-century leader helped tocreate the situation shown in this 2006 cartoon?

A) increase farm and factory outputB) develop a democratic governmentC) strengthen economic ties with communist neighborsD) reduce the gap between rich and poor

9. One way in which the Great Leap Forward and the FourModernizations are similar is that each was an attempt to

A) Great Leap Forward Opium Wars LongMarch Four Modernizations

B) Four Modernizations Long March OpiumWars Great Leap Forward

C) Opium Wars Long March Great LeapForward Four Modernizations

D) Long March Four Modernizations GreatLeap Forward Opium Wars

10. Which set of events in 19th- and 20th-century Chinesehistory is in the correct chronological order?

A) support the policies of the Chinese CommunistParty

B) decrease the amount of Western influence inChina

C) encourage the spread of industrializationthroughout China

D) increase political freedom and rights in China

11. The primary goal of the student protests in TiananmenSquare (1989) was to

A) independence for TaiwanB) removal of troops from South KoreaC) access to foreign productsD) democratic reforms

12. What was a goal of the student protestors in TiananmenSquare in 1989?

A) helping the British fight World War IIB) removing British control from the subcontinentC) abolishing caste distinctions and discriminationD) establishing a unified government based on

religious teachings

13. In the 1940s, the leadership of the Indian NationalCongress and the leadership of the Muslim Leaguesupported the goal of

Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the photographs below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) Islamic fundamentalism B) nationalist movementsC) civil disobedience D) five-year plans

14. Both leaders were known for their commitment to

A) conform to traditional religious beliefsB) adapt to the cultural norms of urban lifeC) protest the oppression of communist ruleD) make a political statement to their respective nations

15. The clothes worn by Mohandas Gandhi of India and by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk of Turkey indicate thedesire of these leaders to

A) Many jobs were being outsourced overseas.B) The government offered housing incentives in

newly developed areas.C) Religious pilgrimages to neighboring countries

were required based on their beliefs.D) The subcontinent was divided into countries based

primarily on the location of religious majorities.

16. Why did large numbers of Hindus and Muslims migrateimmediately after India gained its independence?

A) Salt March B) Amritsar MassacreC) creation of Pakistan D) Sepoy Rebellion

17. Which event in the history of the Indian subcontinentoccurred last?

A) Kwame Nkrumah B) Jomo KenyattaC) Mohandas Gandhi D) Ho Chi Minh

18. Which leader is associated with civil disobedience andthe Salt March?

A) allowed for educational opportunitiesB) determined roles based on genderC) revolved around central religious beliefsD) enforced different sets of rules for distinct groups

of people

19. One way in which apartheid in South Africa and thecaste system in India are similar is that both systems

A) foreign control of the diamond minesB) discriminatory policy of apartheidC) anarchy in SomaliaD) Boer War

20. F. W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela received the NobelPeace Prize for their work to end the

A) nationalism B) Pan-AfricanismC) apartheid D) democracy

21. Base your answer to the question on the passage belowand on your knowledge of social studies.

... We have triumphed in the effort to implant hopein the breasts of the millions of our people. 'rVeenter into a covenant [agreement] that we shallbuild the society in which all South Africans, bothblack and white, will be able to walk tall, withoutany fear in their hearts, assured of their inalienableright to human dignity-a rainbow nation at peacewith itself and the world ....

- Nelson Mandela, excerpt from Inaugural Address

These words were delivered in 1994 by the newlyelected president of South Africa to praise hiscountrymen's rejection of

A) elements of capitalismB) boycotts of foreign productsC) a one-child policyD) a reliance on agricultural self-sufficiency

22. The economic policies of Mikhail Gorbachev of theSoviet Union and of Deng Xiaoping of China included

A) introducing the policies of perestroika andglasnost

B) violating nuclear arms agreementsC) invading AfghanistanD) signing the Camp David Accords

23. Mikhail Gorbachev contributed to the fall ofcommunism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe by

A) Peasants were forced onto collective farms.B) Citizens experienced more personal freedoms

under glasnost.C) The United States and the Soviet Union ended

diplomatic relations.D) The Soviet government increased its control over

the Orthodox Church.

24. Which action occurred in the Soviet Union underMikhail Gorbachev?

A) an era of world peace and Soviet prosperityB) conditions that helped lead to the breakup of the

Soviet UnionC) a successful transition to a command economy in

RussiaD) censorship of the news media in Russia

25. Mikhail Gorbachev’s reforms of perestroika andglasnost resulted in

A) Parisians attacking the Bastille prison and starting the French RevolutionB) Allied soldiers tearing down walls in concentration camps after World War IIC) Germans destroying the Berlin Wall symbolizing the collapse of communism in EuropeD) Koreans breaking through the Great Wall of China

26. Base your answer to question on the cartoon below and on your knowledge of social studies.

Which event is shown in this cartoon?

A) Cuban missile crisisB) destruction of the Berlin WallC) Berlin airliftD) launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union

27. During the Cold War, which event occurred last?

A) an increase in women’s rightsB) tension between traditionalism and modernization

to continueC) foreign control of natural resources to expandD) the introduction of a communist form of

government

28. In Iran, both the Revolution of 1979 and the rise ofIslamic fundamentalism have caused

A) established an Islamic stateB) sponsored a United Nations Conference on

Women’s RightsC) joined the Organization of Petroleum Exporting

Countries (OPEC)D) incorporated communist doctrine into their

government

29. One way in which Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini andAfghanistan’s Taliban were similar is that they each

A) Chinese Communist Revolution of 1949B) overthrow of the Shah of Iran in 1979C) unification of Germany in 1990D) election of Nelson Mandela as President of South

Africa in 1994

30. "We advocate a government based on legal principlesestablished in the Koran (Qur'an)."

Which political event would most likely be associatedwith this statement?

A) encourage cultural and economic ties withWestern nations

B) eliminate foreign influence in their nationC) establish national religious movementsD) expand overseas colonies

31. One way in which the Boxers in China and the Islamicfundamentalists in revolutionary Iran were similar isthat each group attempted to

A) established democratic institutions in their nationsB) converted their nations to ChristianityC) introduced Western ideas and technology into

their nationsD) expanded political and human rights in their

nations

32. Czar Peter the Great of 18th-century Russia and ShahMohammed Reza Pahlevi of 20th-century Iran weresimilar in that both leaders

33. Base your answer to the following question on the time line below and on your knowledge of socialstudies.

A) Israel withdrew from the Camp David Accords.B) The Palestinian army is superior to the Israeli army.C) Long-lasting peace in the Middle East has been difficult to achieve.D) Neighboring countries have not been involved in the Arab-Israeli conflict.

Which conclusion can be drawn from this time line?

A) the presence of Israeli ships in the Suez CanalB) the interference of Libya in Middle Eastern affairsC) the demand of Palestinian Arabs for their own

homelandD) Soviet support for radical Arab groups in occupied

territories

34. Since the 1980s, the major source of the conflictbetween Israel and Palestinian Arabs has been

A) efforts by the United Nations to restrict childslavery and indentured servitude

B) production of oil by the Organization of PetroleumExporting Countries (OPEC)

C) trade agreements established by the World TradeOrganization (WTO)

D) control of land in the Middle East by Palestiniansand Jews

35. Pamphlet on the philosophy of ZionismBalfour DeclarationOslo Accords

These documents are most closely associated with thecontroversy over