1st marine division - fmf sar - vol 1 (3 of 11 ...1st marine division - fmf special action report -...

1ST MARINE DIVISION - FMF SPECIAL ACTION REPORT - VOL 1 (3 OF 11) ANNEX BAKER G-2, APPENDICES 1 PERSONNEL, 2 COUNTER INTELLIGENCE, 3 AERIAL RECON - 8 OCTOBER 1950 - 15 DECEMBER 1950

Korean War

Korean War Project Record: USMC-1148

CD: 14

United States Marine Corps History Division

Quantico, Virginia

Records: United States Marine Corps

Unit Name: 1st Marine Division

Depository: National Archives and Records Administration

Location: College Park, Maryland

Editor: Hal Barker

Korean War Project

P.O. Box 180190

Dallas, TX 75218-0190

http://www.koreanwar.org

Korean War Project USMC-00106297

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• G-c-2. Section ·rat !hr. Ji v, Fn' Ycnf,O .. ~_k Tcnr;,· K0rrt. 'I5 FpbfL~:-'.y;_y_ :951 ..

;.ssist.'1nt c:11ct -:;f St,3ft', .Cf.-2 C-!.ctin[) _Cc.c.J..rif:'fi-~~int,.: _,G_::m_Qr.~,. l-st i10yirio Divisi':'n

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pii::l~~ ~~~~o;~f:- (~)~r.;b~ 8~~~~~~!~~~'~\;r:~-~~~;.P-.l, the !:'.ctivitics of t:':e.'Jivisi~n G-s,.seq-~icn :(rcn the ccr:u:lcnccnantJ on 8 Cctob0r 190J:r o:' opcr..,t:1.-m.'"'1 n1rorm1n:7 'f"rn:·--t:hn Pmnh:'J:bioti~--l_pn~"'iil;· at_ ~r;rt~C.il, ..,.Xcre·a~--""thr~Ll£1:- the .. -subsociUent. ;rr·Cnsivo O:Pcrcti.ons . to ·the n::·rth~: ·~na culcinE: tcs witll the'· ortercC w1thf.ra.,.,•.r2l-~::--:m· the C:hcshin Rcscrvclr ·e.i•ctt,~ f!nr'1. tt.c "t:llsuinf· cvacucttio~ ,..~f the Divioicn frow the" j<J·rt. of· HunznP.t1 1 ~cru'. on c_3 'Joccobcr: ·19(SC-. . . . -

Th_c imwc.diatc pu-rpose of this. report is ·. . to rcco·rr A. for hiatqi'ic·al consiCeratfcns, th:<cc (l_fl_ily c,pcrrti )Dnl, ·R.et_i vi tins peculic_ti' t~:.. _<;'- G··M2. ·section, cn[-r.g-cr_ ir: corr.bEtt 6p_ar~_t1:Jns, 1,-d t.:r. }:t.trticul,·.r ct:\J,Jhl"sis on thos·e 1-1ct.ivitiee ">" t\:c;; relr.to to the {i.o.Veloppcnt. o;f _the e.n3m.y aituE'..tion thrml[hout the perl.ot. cuvcred,

2~ T;..SK OEG~..,.Nii.ATICK

Tho Orcc:.niz£~.tion cf the ·J.:-2 SeCtion fer tho "~:Vonsnn-H.a::lhL~ng-Cho sh1r1 D.eBET-voii oiJerc.- · ti::;n .follo~·.rec.~, in .·~tmt.r:.l, ti1E'.t preso:Pi!~cr hy T/0 "K 11 "lJ"c-.r. ~;:L t.l:.cuc;h a rcc.""!.SSi['nD?nt of Div·is.ior~ ~nte111gence··lJersonnel, e~fcctec'. E'.?. a mc.tto:e of oxpeccicncy during tr.e :Cnch-Jn -Se~:n1l operc:.ti6n, he.(,!. lef't the 88ction somewh.:-t belo11 ~uthorizof' 'I;/0 :strron.:th, it , .. ie .. s-nct folt that the section's efficiency b='l.d been-inpr.ired bec<:uu(e of 1 t, t~n~~- conscic!uently no offor~ io-ras mnCo to fill the existiti~ vacancies for t~e oporr.tiO~ unr1 er c-:.1 scus slon. ~ .. fuil e it ,_~~oulf. l'lnni:.~vr- f"rnn'1 +.hP Rhn'VF t:hP_t; 0Prt.A.tn '7"'/0 nodlf'i-~~ti~~~ ~~~---CL~S:ir~"bi ~ ~ j aeri~i te r~c6:nill'enc~~ ttons as to the scope of these changes e .. re net belieVeG. tvarr.c-.nt.eC. on tl":o Q.:~sis of F~otion to Cate.

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In addition to those Enrine Coros p.e.Tsonnel organic by ree.son o'f r:;:'/0 f'.uth::>rizat1on-r·· ·t:ne::.e .t-.LRC. been attc.cheC, to th8 se:ctio:::;., 7'cl""' tl::::: Tn.chon - St:oul. 0pE;ration, CE"~tain r-. ::.r. =I'IT.:' fntelJ.i(ence E;pecialfet teac .. JS; the '~-~1st Gccmtar-1ntEll1e;&noe Cor_Q,s. 'T'ee_:n, e.nf". the 133r-."". :-~ili t?vry InteL!_igcnc\3 Service Detacbment. ~~C33 +;cr.ms, com1Jo eoC. of TJ. S. hrmv commlss1oned 211t enlistee:. per-sonnel; reno.incO- ·att.achef. to tj_3 G-2 sE:ct.ion,

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·L-':. · B.tld along JrJ1 th c~rta:tn ~OK ArJJ y u1 J .Leers serving

.. -_> '. prctcrs·-~nC' trcin,;1lators, rounCeC._ 9ut the task _ organ:!,.zation of' the sect,_on for the Uonsan opera-

~-- tion. .. . . ' . L ThQ prge,n1zat1on an::!. _per:sonnel of th2t ·

1--__ ·,· G-2 section tcgcthcr l<ith ~ts e.ttacher' units is sho;m as AppenC:ix I hereto,

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_ Iri.tcllit:ence _planning for the anophibious le.nC.ine at ~~Tonse.n .. Kor,2.a. war: o:f'f'ln1a11-v nnm_r::P.nr:P.C!_ on 8 Odtober, 1951!! L>pon rec~fi;Jt of X-C~rp~ Cp-~r;;tion OrC.er No. ·o c.ated .C October 5J. :nasEJUch as su.borc.inatc uni~s _of the Divlsion_ 11cre _scheC_ule~ to mnbe.rk abc arc:. 'ship _some time p"riqr to 15 October l95C, it '"'as 1mr:oec'iat6ly obvl.ous thet pr·aliminftrY inteiligsnce 1lla::J.ning with .1 ts ~ttcnC_ar ... t· proi:Jlc:u'ls of :c:ollnction, process:t::rg, ~.nee (istributic.n of information,· e.nd the procurement anG. Clistributipn .of graph.:c c:.1c1sJ woulc"- be both liwi tqy. and Ek_etc.\ly. Fortune.te-ly the besch ar:c hycrograpr.io conditions lmoHn to be. e::d;stant ·in the proposed. l~ncl:tpr:; ~-rca_ offorc·c. none of the coEJ.:pliCat'ions which proved so fornidab:o to lanc:1ng 0p,erations on the 1.rostcrn cot~st~ Fortunately,. al.aci,. the section hac been. previcL>sly e.lertcd on the projected a-_p:rrc.t:!.on, anC r,vl:llc; elements :of_ ·the Division YrOTC yet .cngcgeC!. ;rith the <;me;ny itt UijOn6bU, had ~ccluestet rcptcd.uct:for~ ·of some 100. copies o:f pertin-ent· cxt::acts or the J"NIS (7:J) or Korea.. "Thus 1 t 1</as '-"hat .on r_E:ceip_t of the X dox:is Ope:-e.tian' :Jrfl..er CC{lle.ction errOrts hac.1 bcc_n set in motion, \<hich, in ·spite of the time factbrs invol veC~, r.roul:i insure. that suborclinf' t e units 1\ro-uld. not be who.lly un:JreParE:::l. for the cooing operation. )

' . By 10 Oc_tober· l95C the ;in tellig'ence c>.nnex

hF.G. b~en cOmpletcC., 'anc1. hc.1.cl been. inco:r:o'?r2.tcCl lr.to "'ivision Ooeration Orc1er 16--50 as Annex

·. ' - :'" -·::r. _· 1 !""" • ~ ?I Be_kcr thereof .. : AppencicEJs l,2,_3,L...,,o Rn-.... 6 con-sistin[ o:f tho follmr1ng: E:stlma:t" of ·the EnoEJy Si tuction - _Target List Enemy Instdla-ticn -' Astronomical anC 'Tl(.B.l Date. - Fo::::-m for Intelligenqe Sti!lmilry - CounterinteHigence -~.nc~ Ore er of Batt:le ~'orth l;orean · .;rrny lvere d~stri.buted ·s-eparo..tely ~s prepc_red. (;:_ll. '""erE rece:1vod. by SuDordinc::~:;e· U...'11t·s prio"r to emb<-~rkation) .. . . .

(l':aps in _scales o"!' l.: 50: coo and 1: 250, coc were d.1stt1bu-p~a. duri(lg tl-_._is p __ ericC._., b;;tt 1J.rherf?as the Div),~ion had been c.llottec 2, :;o:: copi9s of all lll£}-P sh~~ts fOr -~r:.e ~9cP.o:i :___ s~~Ul_ operc-.~tion_. i;;he a"lJ..otment :for the 1::-onsa.n oporr.tior. hq.d been ;rectuS!ec:. to 1300 CO!)it.:s~ .- .1·(l"~:L~e t~1..ts _re-· duct;ion 1mrke~ nc 1ll1owC:iate tarc~shi1o on the Di-v-isicr.., c. ~ore co.cpl~te. distriQut_io:t1 ·;oulC. }-_r,ve been preferred, in that, as a result of the reduction, the Division uas i'.oprivec1 of all but 211

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Th~ 'mE'.ttGr Of--ph'O~-::-f:·~·f'~~J~~ic cov~rr.;::::; ie. fliscus t:C(~_ clsc•)he:r.o ,in· t:-:.1£ r_oport. 5;_t~1'ic~· ·1 t to ct.?~-- ·e~ this -~Jo:in.~.t- 1iD.~,t ~i-~~lc_-_L.:.~0-r;·c-:,~unf.nt ~:ras notCa ove-r ~h8 cdn:1_i1;1an·s O:ri_stinz c,'J_!'lng the plc:tnnlng phc . .-SG oi' ·t0.c· Inchon l2.nOJ.n[ ~ -At· . the· ro~_u.c'st of_::~ __ qorpG :~~~¢, .t::.TO phJtogl"e.":)hic_ in.~-·

. tc:r;pr-Ct[:t;.on 6f'fi_C·e·rs_; to;;·:cthcr. 1~~1 th. ·-:,de· enl"ist36. aeS1etr.ntsJ 1·r~rc lq<'-1!-::~ to tJ-:r.~ ~~r.0..~u~.r-t __ ers in orc1cr to t.ssn,·t fn th~ e.ccomDlish~:cn-t cf the ricc;;)$SLry }?hot·J '1nt; oi-·Jrct8.tiOI1 f"-:n .. 'th6 ~-tonec.n . lE:.nta~g. t This do~c ~J.;r6vet cxtY.?~:1_-.::).y fFv0rrbl3. 'from. the_ D.ivisi·jn'aP.o;tnt 'of vi;:;"l!t iri the.t P. p1~)2 liric T!as thl,lC 6strblishoC:t .. fro.:n '!('l;;:.ncG the (;._2 ·aectl.dn 1-.r['_S P.bl'c~· t!1rc3u(h itS cT·~n ··L1t .. crp:tetErs,

·tc c~::"Grc1sc sor:1E1 yoicie _ip .th.8 o'<~rr~l ~hot:~grP,- _ ph.ic :p~~'.n · :'"Jr ·th'c · ?P_ci:r,...·tiotl .. ) ·

By 13 'October 193'0 th::.; fol::..ot_ .. ~inc; ir:-t~,lliv:enc;:: lr..&.tcrial had been ~ti st:-1 bu. t .::·d. tc -sc.borc"l 1-. DatE; cct.elofis:

1~ r.:rty;s- Scle.e·s l:5o,oco~ l:'25c,ooo £':lc1 ·1: 1'('.~ bOO

2. ~~ar1~1 Phot'ogrephy - St crco ?air$ anC:. F"nnotrctcd be.l:ftcnc mocaics ·of the bcr:chcs en(l 2.rca.s 1:r::nc:.' ... ~e.tel~r 1n:::..c·.nc~., plus rand cOVC?:t;"E\_K~ 8f pri.nctJPl routes 1:-ri th~n ths Divl_s_:tc:n zo~1:: o:r c,ctJ,.onf

3. .F~C T.erraj,..ri. _·Stu~~~:.; :.. CentY.fl:l .Kcr.cr. ..

4~ Fcrtinc~t cxtrc-.cts c:: th~ ~r~.;,EI? (7~) uf' KG·tca.

6. 'fCach s·t'vl0y - ··.ronsF.tn .... C:.::nl?hibG-ru Cnc ..

?. IntclliF ~nee ~~nncY. r.nt. ~~~u9cn--~iccs ~rc~ viously-listcQ ....

It; 1E rono_J.J.Y EiJD~tr·cilt t.Ji~: t the a"oovo matoric.lJ thOUbh e.e.Cqur_tc, ~•7 '-"'D ff'.r frc:r1 the . nom of \~orld l·r,-::_r li. op,cr";ticns. Em.-.i:-vcr, in all f<..;.irnces, .,it !!lust b£: point ·3r:~ out thr.t . t.~ e above ·vas nccc:mplieh,-c'l in H :nin~.-UQ"U of tine an:'. : .. r1 thcut the: niG o!' t. JIOFOA.

IJ.Iho comJ..:.nccr::cnt of 0:9 r~tio:H'.l pl£.tnn1ne; founC'. · tt~ e:nC~x si tu.:::tlJn nZJrtr ... of "':;h:; -38th

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·I • • tions aC'.vt:_rlce on Seou} ·a_nc_~_ the 8th -~n11y't s breakout :fro=n. the ?use.r.. ;ocrir:;:.etor, · an( the att.er:rpts by en~!:il uni-'-s -~o ~-J1thc""'.r2.'J or e.sce.De to_ the north, :ne..C1 e e.ny 9-ssess.:::-_ont ::Jf et~ength L'1 a P?-rtlcul?.r arefl: ·e:::!.cceCingly unreliable ..

A.s to_ th£? '!ons.an c:.rea, there lJ£1 s E certcdn anoun.t of' 1n-forr:::ttion ·c;oncc.r21.1n.;: u ... c1i~E uhicl1

'"'i.rere located. thero at.One tirne ancl. 'T_,·:irc not knoun to hc.-Ve :Ocv eel. .til $0, there cm.s ip"fornation .co"t1C3rn1ng Unit .s iJ_rhicfl: accorCl.._in[ to tmco~firmcd· F'if rGP9T:ts'., 'tJe·r-E 'tue to be_ at ~-!or: san

--at i'mrnr: late.r date •. These" uni:s Fer(. th:- -'.::2nd · Infe.ntr:{ Divicion, co1:1posee .. of the 76th e.nc'.

96th_ :reglr:1ents, "t-.ri th c to"'::al stron;;tr:.. of ·some -~_;occ m.~n, anc.· tho lc~· 2-1ar1n.o rc.E:,lr:-.cnt, a .Coast C.e:f<>nse unit,. ;-.ri th a .s:t:rp1t.'~h of a:o-pnJx·irrratsly :!.2CO, · Otha.r rcportnJ ·yci'L~';,~Js :::-sl"a.tin~ ·to the sc:...me regiment, rcfcrrei:1. to a HLrinc unit or f'iv1s1on T.rith 2. stren~th.·of 5,000 to ?,ceo nrcn cq_uirypeC:. 1·dth _s.ix.l'222:m ~-"iel:"~. ~-:.::t::.ns anC. four 45p::.n;. JJ,T. [Uris, ;r:e:p.ort.(;c.,:.iy ·st~·tionc2~-in 1 .rons2.n as le..tc e,s 17 $cpte.rrter 1.950. .,.:,.lso, th8 cnc.wy coul0. be CX'_t=HJc"!ic.::d t·o i2:.rove hiE (. :-.fcnecs of lh.;ncinn 6.J:·~a 1tri th olcmcn.ts of tl:.~ 5.t~1, 'i2th.t an::: 15th ~:K. Divisions Y.?port.:.~.ly instr!J.ct2c1 to ~SSG.:lble _i·n that .. e.:r.::f.:..

EnE:r.:ly r·~inforccm£nt capc.bll1t1-~;s· o>~1stc¢t in tt..: strenzth, and fro!'l the locaticns lnG.icatcf ":J .. ~lou:

(l) From tl"i:: South--Disorganlzct rcrr.·nc..nts of +;hot;c Ci.v}.sions, enrre3c.C': e.g2.inst the 8th Ar>oy o"n th·.:- ·SoUth,· :en Frunt 1 ~,rflich hac~ ma.n::.o.,;cCl to esC£:}),: the trc.9 s.:. t by th,- r.cce.~JtL:.,rc of S3oul an( tho brc:cJ~throu;:;::J.. ·o.f tJ:;.L .etl1 _.:,.rmy. "'"'..mcng tl:osc t'ivrc ·pore t L1 £'~c,_0J.tion .to '"!:<A.c. 5tl:, l.2th ccncl l5th ~~( c~ivislons list·~)-_~ c:-bovG, _the 8th_, ~~rd,

~nc: 1St ~-D: ~.iv!sion$~;· ., .. ~n~~'·S::,.1,Eicr2. 1 the l~th N=( C'_ivision ~.nc. the 25tr.. ---~ .0rJ.gc~:::..c...~ rc::)ort.:;:-ly instruct;;.:d to ilsp.ciTQl.s iil •the Chorvon .;,r::a, '10rc reinfc rc-cm.- n t ]O ssi bill~icn,

.(2) Fror:J t'hc., :·~"eo~ -- The 23:r·cl,. I-TX Dlvisior.., toEcthc'!'. VTi th> artlJJq.:i ·e.:D( tank •.1ni ·_s - lee~_ tee. in Pyont_'yane::. Alao, llh10entifict. locttl c"":...::·f'r:ns~ tlni ts in tt.c Chinnampo - Fyongy~ru; ar:- E" ...

(.~.) From ti· .. .: Forth -· -~~~l:-o ::rp_s no. inCicL~tion cf c~ny troo,ps .locct...;C. 'to tl:h :r--rort.h, nor of an:; maj:1r tlov·.:·mPnt cf' re1u:rorccmr::nts into Korcc. f'ro:: ::;he; rcn;~thr,~rc at ·1~n borC.cr ..

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rci:l:("orccrn:::.nt ctpr.b11..it1·~s r::\_Y L.;>.v: b(Cli, cc.ch 1,;as Cl.o::~rnCcnt u:;_von tt.;.t:: :Qr-:;;;r .. ~.ps of_ "!;h._ thrc:JprongcC:: PX?-+.tca ~rc.tions e.tt.:.c:::.r ··.~:.+c:: 0.s of th.:; t..1.w..c of :Plo.nn1ng h~.cl.. ljL~shs~ f"'.bo,.r,. .. -:~~1·: C:F·";·h. ~)arE',llcl, rnC r .• .r£:.? Gv,~·n th:.n Closin~ in on tl',:. str2-t.:;C1C porl .2.nt~ iilc""'_t,_strie.l c:nt ... "'r. cf --o~.sc·.n1_ ~:.ncl._ th.:.. l'-:-crth F;or .::Gn capi ~a,l cf FyonQ;y':'.n.£.;. ·-'~1~ ·;_. ::3. 1

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• ......... cu1c-:_ IX Ccr~s had c;ro_s_s(;d. ti-.:.i.: I.:J.j in ri vcr Enct VCrc. thrc.gt~ning ~h~ ChinqT·co~i'yo:Jgyrrn[ erc,F· .• ~he I anC !I RQK Corps 1.?2rc [:.C.v:.ncin~ rC.);iCly to-.:-c..rd the "ncrth i:lont; th. fc;oul - ·.r.Jnc~~n oorriC.oy. ~h6 3fC. ~~"o:--= Division, _prJc,- ocl5.n[ Plong the cot:._stal_ roc.a; h:.:.d pen.:trl;1_t,_:,Q r-: . .:l::n::;__y tc~~r.r:l

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. ThuS .it wq.s,, t4af: qt_. the conc_lus{21n of :Ple,_nning, :cunSld:;rfi:bl: sp-.:.:_~:.1lat1o~1 c.xi.stcC. cs .to ~~-i.; prqbnblp t;>lD.P_loywant_ Of' the D~v1s:.on _ in 'the Cvc_nt thct .~ 7bn_fle.n 'f:::),l to UnitcCL __ f'.~e,ti-JJ;J.s forces bcfotc. a_, 1,t~np_ing __ oc~J,._q b::; __ off:ctc(\. :'ie:1-t:toncd £~s po·s r,·i 1)1 e . 8.ltf)rne._L:i 'J 2_8 t-Jur;---' r~n_ c:.c~nll:li str~.-~~:1-vC lanCi::-ic_- fi.~ ·-ic-nsfP.a. or an ·".m_,_:.}-j_b~_QLJ.S l[~l;l.G.in_~· ln _the. rur_~£-:n~m. -. ff.r.:nhun[;. a~ c.~<::.

4. TI~IItr::·~G .rlS::J ~I~"1SA~S .•

:Although fo:r:niel t:rc.lnirir; r·.nc: rolli£ :rsd s ·u~:-rc nclthe-r sc}}:;/'u+c:Cl nor cC~duct_c:_~ :'"_i..:.rint_: the. ,Per~qdJ _1t_ ·rN·as _ _f_q-~ .. tt~Et tho 8:·_:)c-r1cnccJ Jtcs;ul t~ng_ from_ r:._ctur._l :pc:,~ti9i})P~t1.or: in tho ~b~'Ctnt•ty· c"o·ncl,u::-1,~~- qt,}?Pe.~. q£_e-:r;;:tio~ls, r,_,r's sllCh thECt tho G~;i: ~eocnon '•Ws :;:ninc,,tly fitted. to .e.ccontpl4,sll it~ ~:ssigr7 _o( !nissicn.

5. LO~\JJI!'G jji:;J U-IB)."K.A':':j:CY.

e." ':he follot·,rlnz G-2 usrsoru:::l ·Fer: a-ssign_cc:. to .t~;:; ,4D_G. frou_p.t- a::1d v.rcro :.::1b0rl-:c:~. E-boe.t'd. tf1-e _US_?- 'J~q~;,G~ CL2·~E:~ c.t. :::'nchon, KorcP on the .oo~'Jllng oi" ,4,3 0-~-<:;ob:·T J,95C;

' ' . ' '. ~ ' . - ;· . . · · · --· .. i' , .. ·, - '~- · =!_U "~· < ~; '· •

1~e.j or Jcnn. G. B-~--•;--_,-.. ,1.--.' :tst Lt ~ Fr·ec ;:_ :ri cL !3. · v.:.,_r 3:~u~·tT ~i?,e;t._~, --~t~lJ)~~ j ·,~?-~:~- ... ~S.ft, .S.E')-:"lt.h:;t. C. ;c~v~_.J,..~ .Tr. ' L<t:;t •. Bo::J.cr ..-: .• l~Orl'-r_s:::or Cpl. ~-atJ,.i!3JI1 ~- EONI~!E

~!ot co.nsi.=c-Jr~t E'. '-o.:ti-"!; of the. .ADC Groul~, but cmb.r.rkec:. alo-ng"'t ... r1th 1t 1 _ for tr['.ns~Jo:r'tn tlon Purpc ee;o, wor·:: tho roJ,.lo1Jint_;

· -.,c.-rsoOncl of the '2tt~chcd CIG ~.nc:. FIEr: ~c~ms: - ' . ' . .

CIC I-cr-so11.1E.:l Lit.Jo·r ~-1ilJ.F.r·:L ? • :00:::-Gs::::::~i:I'Y CE_pt. s".r:m'"l = __ 1.-·!F.:~~o~-~ ,.--, .._ ,.... ~ _, -,-T m ; ,:--,, LTI[rin 'T u[:::~ i_, • .t,cnu;;·-· -'l. ~L-,:_\_!), .. ,!..~V'

S/i>. James ; • K_-\~rs:: Bj;. C·Goffr:y L. --~-:CL~o~<;.-~ Sf .... - G-:::or:c Y~ yxr, __ .J-~C'':'C E/A 1·:-cGCrot,,r S. r::c Sfh L~; .. lc.n•~ -K, t-'_Z:_-~(7;. 3/i. Joel C. L.'~C: Rfir,. LConcrd., ,I ... ~Is=-~::::: -s_/-~ Gor·2on '·i ";" L.6:':SC:J.

- 5

DI<:CLASSIFIED

·'··

"-,-l

" ~ -~ -'"'.1

• ~- -l

:ti~ lro-iJR' ;. 'H

'--~-~~ ~~.f~

/: ~~ .. ""'r

<"~~~ :, . .,. i . . ~~~ ~ ::. ;· "i'"

'


• ~~IED :S c.rsonnel r~Pt. FuJio _F. '_J.s_;r~o

.~sr,·t. Yc ehic !SBII -_ ' · :G~Jl • ~ r.k::-o OI~t:-:C:!:';....; C'Dl. -~·cshio .h.PJO d});L. I:~F SP.rU· J ~ .St~GI~-:0~~0 . :F fa -~ira OY:.NHI:?J~ ·-J:fc Lccns lJ:I:EIV-~YS ' ' . ~ .. . . . .

•

. ''\ . ~-_b. ?he ror!l&lnt:.cr of tho G~2- tioction lo'T.s

·-.·fHH;;1('ncc: to 'th-:: cG•"'Grou), _f'nc: F~\8 s::1"trrl.t-:C' ..,...,...,,..,....,;.:< +1-1~ F<:::::d: M,-.n~.-,....-l,fr! ~.:T""i.-:"V t .:.r.~_..,-, ,!1.,,....~,..,.-,. <.:-~u'--*'-" ,,.., ... ~ ,".'-<.-.... ~ .... --~ .... _,_ .... '-: ~-~- ..,.___,_.., , ___ "' • '·--·'·''-- .. _~·•o the .s.ftc·rnocn of_ l~- _Oct-ober_ .l ?50 t'.t· "!::he Fcrt of Jncl-... o"rt, KOI-::-2~." . ' ' . .

.. Lo£.C.1r~tf"efl'''. :-.t:tPr::c~.~icm ~-:r~:s cci!,_f)le·~·od by 1? Oqt-Jtcr r::e.r._,. o_r~.fl. 7:112 tT·JO ~ro\;.~_)8 _sc..ilod ·in cdpvoy, tor t:t.tc o'b~ cct1~.re a_rsc:-~ .. cri" ··the ilw :r:-r:._ing_ ? f · t~1~' ~ ,-: E'-:~ ~ ._ 6. ' HOVS!i2Pi' :..:'i!>:D · ~:SRIV l-J., ;..::G r:;~: C::S.J=C~I':'J"~ .A,_"Q_7:,A.

· (BE:c U::-.. 1t Ej_Etdry f<~}r trlr:- ?er1<:.1t-: 13 Oet'26 ::ret EC). · . . • ' :·. 'of_.- .

_. i .. -;

"'· (I)

( 2) O;;>cr:· tion of G:_2 39ct1on.

_ __ Du.-_:t;o_~t~-~·::r-.c:r o:r S':litrQl. office s-Jr.·cc_. tc;-rt~:sr -~..-J.th t~1.·· l:riC'If':::'OU<:'.,tC c:_~i:-.criie~:~!ic-Ll :f~§~+~t'its __ C='--~~_t9.nt~-·~c;.['rr1_ the u .. .s G~~_.::s~ sr;.;YI!.:.-!'cj, the- ..,.;._,q. urOU) .:..1 r;.ot ccnCcu.c.t :fci--u.n.l. c:p-~,r~·:t;;l..c-.nE:- c11n.;ins the q-;i,:r-s.:r.c _:::wvc~cnt._ Rm,rcVcr, E:<1tue.t1o:) ce~JS.T-.•er': :;?ott;::"rl in th(:, officcrEt r"r[-i'(rJcm nnC. t:J.::: cnlistct m.::ss

· hf'J'J.; _ llnc1 __ i_i1 Q'Crlcr-rt -Fl ~h lnt ~llic_;cncE· y-~rsonncl ·or tho 2nrl Bn~ ·5~;l1 :--:Princs, e.n:'1· bcsc-~- ·on :l,~forrilEt):.on r0c :::1 vccl tl-~rou.(:h ln-fr0qu:.: r;t lnt cllig·end.-: Su::t.r:J.ai'iCs· ;;:-i:c1 rrC'·:io hroa-:i._c ... _stsJ the soctlcn -rrns ::·:blc to kcc::_J ::.l:r~--::::-~St o:t the-: f;:::nc:r-:-.1 ~nc.my si t.ur- tion ..

' Sh::rtly bcf'crC c~rr~T.oncc~ ~nt of i.hc oy::_ rsc.'ls

rr._oy('.If.cnt, 1nforillr.tion r-rc:e rcc;Cc-ivoi'l thf't 0.1S'::.ll h~.c:. f~_ll.:n to Uni to(l. ~rr.ti-:--ns fcrc-:.;s, r-.nd.. thrt the Division t_raulf. c:ff~Jct :.n P.~'ministr£>t1 ve Ic:nC~in;::; 0VC'·r th~- ~-ro::1srn tcr.ch::s. On 17 Octobe-r l95!J' tbc ce:nv~y t;ot cr.r .. ( cr v.i'~J en- -Fh?.t \r.rfie to ho·vC been ~ .(f3 hour r::JVCl1Cl:<t;:. ?r.·.::r: folJ.oHL:Cl. 1 v.r .. r.t is nor.• JO~tln.[l~r rcf-:-r~;>-:_ -~-= ;·_t: ncp. rc:·.tion Yo_:Yof!, s-:; c:-"11Lc1 in -:-sf rr oc: t-J ·::;_;_~_c so:~'€ 9 to lC (r-ys til.:'-1.; ";hG conv':-'y rlL::f_ i'G3 i.·"fl.y up ~.n·1

DECLASSIFIED

_-.±

•

•

•

• .... ~-~ -~~~

-" '.,.. :·;_':,:y'

";).-

: i:'~j ' i -~--:~~~


:-::-- -

..=-

.---

r-·

===.-

DECLASSIFIED

• E~ovn the c f:' st rn cor_st of' Kor.::-n, h-:r_C' cC. P't

one· ti::!~C. ,1!1- _the, a.ir,:_Ction Of, ;-.nd. the!! c,i.rt::y froiii

the. objcC?tivc~ 8.~cf:~ Thi~ s~ .::;::inf:: ir~-~ccis:ton

vraa the, r:;sult cf-'tl'lc ~l.iff1ct.'!.lti;:;s.tl-~cn being

.cncountt;,.rca._.by the Yi.'vy i~ clc~ring ttc ~'-::nenn

bc~-Chcs anc k.roor Of OJinc S 12,1n in' st:ch

ntt.rnpc.rs . t~? t,. aS va_s li:.-t· C::r ·l G~~r-n6ci., tt.:. cncr.y

hr.C . .:ven r.dnieC. thcms_EJlv,·n; th-.-:- usc o:f this

very o:cc:Clc-n~ hrcrbot'. On 26 Octo':>:r 195C,

H-E our vrr-:.s 2r.~.n -:.unced.., f'.n-:1_ the _.::._JC. GrolJJ) Ht s

lcnG.eC... ·The- I!lt€.l:11gfncc Sf.:Ction 'JrocE.c.~ c"-

to. 2 pr-:-dcSign~ted. .?:Ss0mbly Rrcn .1-·_n:cC 1::-.tcly

:!:nlF.DCL of the lE-.hdine: bc.::.chcs·J e.nC. b? 130c- of

thet c"'etG hr.cl. _m"Jvc<l by j,:;;-~p f'.n:::. true:{ tv ?.

school house on the norti'l2rn cutskirts of th·

tm-:rn of ~:-r_onsr-.:1. By- 12CC: thrt :.voni:.1.;: tc:.tphon

·-1c comm:un:tcrt1one hBd be-en cst~·blisht::!="':. I·.J'i th th:;

S-2 of th;:; let ll;:rrfnc ?.c·-~·irr.cnt J ['_nL th0 ':'C~.-

· .. v<?.nc·;: c6hClon of X :Jor_ps 1ntc-ll1bn:cc s.::ct.ion.

Fo:r:t::lE~l o_-p;;::rc.ti:J.:iE"-1 .~.8tlvitic-s 1--~rc.ro coMnr-nc:;Ct

E s of this tim G.

T·h-~ G:-2 Sectl'~cl Jf th:: Cr;m~

r.1t'"nC.in6 G3nc::rc:tl 1 s Groun rJ~rn'.':'~- on t~1c re:s l{ourJ.t FcKinlcy ··(AGC-7}- on.lC- Oct.:J'uor <-.Then 'tl:c

Div1s.icn·· Co:::m.:R_nd. Fo:;st_ Cispl r-.ccd frr:.m ..--J?C':12

City. l'o.:rmtl opcrc:tions r;ot unc or F"-Y iel

ncf.iP.tc~y ,: E.s e.t.~·'-JS v..fcro tr.kcn ~o co:::):ct8

Cint'ributiSn of lr"'.tc pho_t·.~.;:_:rr.:phic cvvcrc.t;c

bf th.: '~-To:LScn ~-r:~. In E".C:1 CL1ti~Y1 tc ncrlfl£~1

;-.ue.inttnr_nc.: o"f · ~hP G-?. Jour~1£'l, r.nc":. l:q. light

o;r possiCl::: n+ssiJns \2.}?011 lenc-:.in~, stuC::ics

1-lC:tc mt&c U:Jof. ~,zhidl'i to b:-- sc r~aJ.-:sts for

Ctricl :ph::-t_;cr"':;_Jf'~~c. c::~vor~"f::C. · sllCh COVCrf'[O

.\•Tf'S ·sulrs('c;ucntly r:oucst:C.,_ 1nit1t'J.::!.y of th::

~-;.;":inc:i;Jr·1. ··r()?.f n,:'ts :rc-pc":_~_n:~· to ~:yo.~t ;.rc.nr. fro::1

~-r::::nsf':p,. r-::J.e' t!;.c-_:n of' rcPfl nc·te P.n'.:' toE'<· 1~L::c~.-.:

_in[.; -~-os~t:t_O_nS \·\r2st Bri:=' _!"j.orth o.f ~Jo:1ec.IJ. bcscc1

·unon P ru:~·lL-=:nmr-nt of th.::: Division zen(_' of actio:-1

tO ir:.clUC:.:: ~-l;nC2.n on the' sOuth r.n~: the Ec.nchurir-~n

bcrC.cr en the: porth, c:nc--: to ir:clw'lc the· Choshin

nrit•.- Fuson ~·ss:->-r'voirs betvJ.:~n th.:.· c~_st-Fcst b'Jun~

cl..H·ricS. -L~tor Ul:-.!ls TA---Llch oallc' :f'sr t~c E'S":ir:·:n

mcnt cf on:- b,s:';~tE.l.I,on to thr K;jo £.r·c£ ':·Tsrc th~

biS'Lr-. for phOto;;rr.~Jh_ic rcqu.csts· fCJr ycrtic£'.1 r,ncl_

rrios<;:c cover~;;_.:; cf th;:- Kojn locc-.lo.

'In c>_,"":iticin', ~;'h-1rlt:)_1it:-'""n·cc e~nr-.:-, 'b::-sc/1

U!Jo~ r chr:nf=:t:. of r.:riG"iiJn$ •---rl:ilc E't s:-2, W['S

.~writttr: Di1f.· ~.:.::;:;:rc~~uc;:-(, 1:'_::-Pc:'J- 1'or d.ist;ribu.tion

W1:tr..-·'t:t'.;.C; ·op:-rr:tlcn :_)Tc:·b ·;-,ri'-~.ch cF~.ll::----:.. for en ac1-

min:I.s4rrtivr---lnn(.l,t~(.~ r-~;· «~.r.:;r,_c."'n rn:" ~"r-rpl "'Y-1L~nt tc

·-~" t'~'\. n_~rteot1:ra:~ E1·"::~· -r:>:t~;.; ___ ~ .,~:t~t~ ::~'~ s~so ffiRf"c .• ~ ,, cf' uh, J?--- '·.:.x:- l?lv.n'-i i.~_,t, ~--'--- t_._._!u,__. Ll '-:Et .... oshin

":'' ..

7

a .. L

- 7

• DECL<\SSIFIED

.;

.,;

' _:"13~

··~-


F:.nc:. Fv..scn J.cs..:.·rv:JJ.f £ri,:r-.s, £.n1 __ .'\n .lntclli.;.:.nco bullet-in l.l'Q_s issucc~ l:.'.tich ~-nCl!_l_=-_c;,:''. tLc le.tce.t dcvOlop::tcirts· it: tlJc on.c.r:1y· s1_tu,'"' tj_o:1 r.n(' set fcrth pertinent enemy cr4cr o:f b2.ttlc;. _

-The ~G Group (isc_:n_b~lrkcc' of 27 October nnd joined the ncr.-.2J:!vis16n 9? ;tn ·..r:)nsan. -

o. . .

{1)

(2)

d'..lrint; tl: .. c :ncrnin~ _lDC Grouy f'.t tiL::

Tl - • .•· • • ' - - • - ;·- ' • ...... \lrl:llf 'tDC .• ::x-_9-~c+ 1;,':'. y1on _:pl:1[' _sc..~ th::· G-2 .2totion C_:Jn~_f.nu2c:. pc;rforBint; t~~c nc~:--1, P.C['.0_err;1c functi::r:s of collcctinci; co2_lrtinf:, cvi:.::!..uc~tL1~J _int_.:rJ_:;:..,..::tir1t; r;n: disco:.linc.tine; onCw.y '-nrcrm:..~tf;n, Fer i ~.jrc :::~c-:I'.ilcc' pi;tnr:J of the ::1GC1:-2.ntcs_ .tnvQl_vq¢1. i.n the P.cccr.:~J::..ioh!.:!.cnt o'f thc~c func.ti :;;ns. reference is _:'lr:_(e:: c .to _ _;,ry.~~:{ BAY.ll?. of 1st l\ar1n0 Divis.ion ·'lcjc ciccl ;"ctlcn RopOtt on -tl1c Incho,q_~_Sc6Hl CJ.J~ci-2.t1?n.. or s:pCC12.1. li;l.:tc~cst, c1ur.!_nc t::-is -~~hi'.sJ"1 :--T-B ~_he C:isT~l.qcci!Lrit "of' ti'~o_ Dlvision Uom~nnc1 Iost tc {!agC.ru-:rf in the. ChoEin Rcsqi'v;:lir arsc._; _c. · mqvc c:...t·ctt..tE;c:L by Ct · si tLJ.n_tion, ;,-rhich fcunc"1_ sub-:::.rfl1nc.t-~ t~!11'tsJ)3yonC. ~f..nt;C Cf __ cf'fcctivc ~iv_Ls~.-:H1-al COfltro~-~- 3?:enuso. of the li:.Ji t~~l f~ cil1 ti.:;s avr.ilD.bl_c_ 8-t He.gt::.r~~ri_, it 1 7El..S S.cci::_J;O_ tt.r t_ onl':! f::. s1:.clttc:::li_'Zc.C_ etc.ff. sui'f"icicnt in slz.,-., to c:::crqls,E. 01J::r_c.tl_c]nr:l. cCr..t!'cl 1:fDUlC r.1r:v8. fo~·T_re-.,. 1-rf_._il~~~ tho bul~:.- :Jf th: Div-isicn. sit.ff ~~~~~~~ ~~~:~ <:~ ~ ~~~~~;;r~f-~, \~~-- :~~::~ ~~- ~c .~t~n~ C.~L;.!.,..LU.l.OUI'C.':.LL\t,:' .:T.c..r;._._~rS. ,',1""'-~in 'A--.- \1-~- :'::ICCt,ton 1 it Ht~s {' _ _ecic~_:d. th.?.t. the _:;.s.e.isj:<,nt Ch~.: f of Staff G-2 _vi th _tv.1o Qf_f:Lc.-:-rs r-.n-=:. f:i v 2 ullistf'C'. eesrst_~.p_..:.g 1 Strj'port::;_~ b_y ·:·l_~!!1cni_;2 Of .-t:-...... : ftttc.chcc1 CIC . .::~r~2. LISD c--:.cte>.yhn1;:u'::sj_ ''·.r::;ulcJ ocvo f'crt.JEi.f'C'_. E ::.-c.z.i.lec ' of the unf'~v:;r~.bl.::. c9nCi ~i·Jns, krlC'h-.-n· to be: -fi~;::18t:~'n.t. ct. Ec:.;:.·E'.rU. it ue.S - 1Jl~nn:d thEl,t th-:: G--2 ·scctir;n .c-r. th~ ~J:~ffiil~irtrc:t'ivc 1--tcB.~t.CIU['.rtcrs "~J::tilC: be· rt:s_i,Jqhsiblo for ·the J_Jrcpnrn.tion of the·£- .:irl:J<li.c Int_(:lligcncc ~-\cpcrt £.nd tl18 1-u,_nf:llnt; of t:t.c:r.:tinistro.tiv::- mntt(:rs.

.R c-cc.use- of 'ti-E'..nsportf' tJorl-. cli.fficL~_itic s, the Cor:m~nr:" Pest ncccssc>.rily :::1ispl~cCd in tr:::~ C(;lh>lcns.. ':_!he first cons1st1n2' ,of 2 officers 2.nd 2 c:1-listcC~.1 plUs th:::· r:.ttG.choc1 C!C _.:3cctiOn, r:ravoc1_ oUt en tL.: ::J.orn1nr--~ of 27 ~,~cvonbc·r l950 fo_pe nr:rivce. ·1n Hr.t:nru ~_Or;_ t~L: ;ft,-:-rnco.n of tl-:..:-.t c~:-ttc. Th? BCcon~. CC~G~.2;~+r-?,2E~i:t·iD[ Jf 0_.., ;::mliste:-:'. Hnc. ttc r.ttc.cnc:.::. ... -.o..t...;;D Cl,:;cti--::n ::1-:-:vc~. , ut t;J-:c fol:m-iing ,_--;_'-'·Y ['..t1~"' r-:rriv-:::C:. :--.t :~:-:~,...-ri vhcrr t!::1Dy ElJont tho n1[t.t. Cn th2 ·;:-,_f~:::..::r:1-:cn c:f' th~ 29th, tl:'_._c e·cc<.n::l cch8lqn -:ntruckc.-.- ·cy ~-!c:t:r c-:;;n!c y f".:::-r E2.t;eru.. -31:-::_rt;:ly thc.r-..:e.ft-=:l~ t~_t_E

8 - €~C

DECLASSIFIED

•

•

..

'

'~-

:;d .• :-~-~ t;1! "'t~ '. ~~ .. J;;

.. .. {:i~ ----::;;d

----


~-

= ~

F iii!"-~-~

~· ~--·

~:-

----~

;:::~-

•

DECLASSIFIED

I

ccnVo_y 'wr:.s -'_·_::(;t:-,o.ko·~~--- b·-' ::L:r.::~.nt-3 .p +r. c 5.J·th_ , __ ' '' 1"-> ' --. " • • q _;, ~ ~ ' CC?-D_i:v.tsicn. ~'u.J;'tP.t=; .,t~_-- ... nsu:t,.£. .,cticn :ne cnJ 1st,-.['_ rd"·· .n . :r:t:•"w.- · ·GE- -- ·C - 'C+i.- 1 ~-~.--. s ~--r., un~- ,-_ .... , ~~ni on~ li~-t-~c~_- ";·s.· 6t~sl~g-.-i;~ ~.bti~n:· ._- ~-;,T;· rucnbcrs a·f_,t}-:lc_ E:..tt~-c:P.cc.1 !,{IS::· ."s_Cct.J.'Jt~ t-~cXc r:.loc ll'st_:::C._ E:s -rr21ssin[. in ·cctJori.~ :·:;nc c::' t11-.. sec-~~¢' _-c-chclc-n_ .:.·vDr 'hJc:notjc{· t-:: .. rct.cll' Fr.[:('.ru., nnc1~thc SJCtion 'tn.:s fcrccc"':. to :;l)Crc:".tC L~ r:.;~ l:ucOCL S_trcnt;·th.. This-' r.c:LJ,Cti~n~ r,;_orkcc..,_ 'nn ill cf'tscts E'hd the section o~nri.ted c.t -,cr_k et'f'l clency_ thr-ou;~h:u t ~h~ ;o ~:ci-:c'. ..

8.

_e... Prcbr.bl.o ~ . .l)cny' 0:r~ep of E['_-·~.t~o. .(Corr.pc si't1-Cn"' . ~i'[rtl).i zc~_ti?~( ,._ ~J;rent;th_.. JC'L~i:~-.:cr. t J.

mcv cr:Itn~ ,_ 1~ cntl_c _n 2:nc"'.._. (..lS};:·q si t~on. ) ,

(i) ·e-cn~r£J ~it _:O_r~: ~:f :-.f ~a -t;-tlr ~ " . ' ) .... i1::· :11 t~ _ Diyj,.siol). t~oops tcttJ,.ing

beth ~~c:rtrr F;c-r.~f.n ~-: -01}1~1~t;JC._ Co:-:uJ.u.ni.e_+, trco::;s. G.ur.l"i1g th2 2-Bl;'_J,::~C: _ ~>;:n;"ct_C·.l tlr ti_lj~s :rs:;o_rt_~ ~-nGmy otr<cr- ·or. b[',·tt~C rr-:~ .. th~ gr.::fut :frrx;; ·nt;n[rous :ll:orth ~;crr;_rn r.tf~.c .cl.i_y~.si.'Jns_; +oiJrcscnt.t=!- by stro.g~J.crs .?n:::-: ;"'~s,;::r:tcrs, to 2• Ch_in,:&c- v:;:;-,:-oUli-1flt ,;:;-n:y f:rc!"l.f uhich ttc :sc.11n~.nt.s _of .:.n _cr.:.t:rJ br.tt2.liohsurrend.ered. tc .our _f·:)rccs in the Ilt_£c~;I.~u~Y,i r>rcn ~ ·Th;ii3 pe.ricrT s::.:r l_arc·c; q.'..i:~,lJ-,.11"'8 of r:-ort~ ;::_::;rc·El.f!S _r~i:;roa tint;. r:.:n;. 1-ri tl-:ctrr.~{i-n.c fre:z! thCir fc:i:-::Jsr po~i ti_ons belov the 08'tf .. ~)2.re.llt:l ncrt::.··.~r..-:. tt.r.su,t)l the_, g.~n~r£'.1 ~·;oa_:sr~.n ['.nt~ HC'chu~1,;:; t'.r~-~J.s· in :.rc"'.~r ~o r::Jain tto rcrth V."':t'•"i: -~-_ .,. ... ·s ·~n,-· ~o6'in-'' rr·r~· ..... ,.~~'"'"'iz;.(\; . ~··~ ·,': 4- -'-·~--'""'··~ -- ~-J , .= L'-~:;;.~ ~.i- '- .-,.

e.ccorC.in,g tc ·:J.._;reis~c"<lt rc::.::.·c:rt.s,. in :;pc Kf'nLgyc t:r:.<""'._. . 3Gl.icn-b tb:>~ ..... ~i::>u~~ the. cc.::1.etcnt CoQ..;.;lunist l':lc:Ycr.l..:.nt wc.s tt . .::: ·crcs::ilCC_ c!' scvei-o.-1 vel :.-oY.["P.n-izcc'i_· an~. siil2.:ful.iy-l[..:i., :·· .. El(crstr-:-·n8til fTcrth. :P::c_r~: . ..,n _ ::11fl ::.. _:J_i vJ.sion.::, _:;:_-."~s"'J'e.n-:-_inc of l·Ihleb_l.7ers ."the: ~ri( ,. 5_tr~ on.:: ~5th .. By :"'r-r, the t1e.j ~r1 t·y of the ~tcrth, _?.:oru:•_.n prts8norG cr-?tL:red Curing th.c: l;:::ttcr lJc>.:::--t 9f Optc:.bt;-+ r,_n~: ocst af t\cvcobcr ucr"c! tho~e EtJ~f'-:-styled -:'.escrtc:::s :::r. strc.·r;gl~rs r.tw. c1E:.1.J11<::·C.. _t!J ~1.?.-vo either bc---ccr.1c los-t frc':I their' :;JRrc:rit units Ct.lring the eC'crlY st2~2-S of tho Ren·ernl T~orth ~{:JrLC'~ \·,ri t~1-c."!_.rr.:>:·ral or t.rhc; desert.::c.'.· HnC t-.rorD, ::·:IJ...;bcc.l..ly rcturnir..c to thOir hor.;u5 vh.-:..n E-:;_prch.:,:·nC_cc.

h.. 8trongt~.

·m i'l ·; it- r.P' n :, .~v .~ 1"' be Y!1'c"rn ho1..~ r:1eny t1?-0 1.J.s-1nc~s cf--~F;:rt_h :{;~,_.;~~- ~?ic~.i--_rs ~~c:re v.rithin tho. Divi.sion __ .z;cn·J -:'.uri::.~ this :tx-rl·JC., frequent · c1 v1l.ian r.~1C: -:,0"!:. r; .. :_ ;:>~t rc:;vJ.r"cs lfl:c'"'.ic~tcd thL;.'t the" n~i_1q.-:..:r Pl~.-:. Per- O:J )P~ ti.n~ D.,s . T)['.rt'"Jf' orsr-niz:~- tro4ps :.n t1:'.:..:: ;~1-::::\(C-.:-:.::_nt r:;_orth ffi1t:;ht hrv.~ r:.-r.chcC. i','B h~'_;;;t e.u :)..C;,-:Jf :.·t -:·n·c ti.DC or Lrlotl-:L.r •, 11:J [_ ~'tco:..)-t C': ul•.;. ':;-: ::-.. ' E: C

DI<:CLASSIFIED

; :.:

.,__,;;_::;:~ 1" --';~ ~--~~ ;,~l -:~."';

-;-A_t

·.~~

-...:-1

'<: _J;


I .;

a lC -

I DECLASSIFIED

•.

th8

0

•

•

•

•

~- '- ' .

·,

··.'• ",,-


=

~-:==-.

-=-~--

DICCLASSIFIED

•• nssombl_y 2)0 i!~t _ n t. · 5 u2:: su-rl, sc,j-::-,.: so·'uj_li..' s ::w rthwcst of R<u::hung._ A~ _the s~~IJlc ti.::'l(;, .'l~)prrc_::'ltly ::;>o!'Ilnncntly Cispcsc(1

, r.nc"':. n~c,J:·or fUll str-:::nbth thc.-..n any of. tpc cthor g~crr.ill~·-- C.i~;i21cns, th:; 15th NK .Divisi_:on Fas·loc:·t-sc. S0Ltth of Lajcn-ni anf ncar Poyton_;-ni 1h th-: Irr.j_iD ::liver \tz:llcy.

(2) Specific North Kor:an Or(cr of

:i?r1s·:·:1cr or' t 1re·r i.::'ltcr~:-~r..t~·-.:n fllrnishcC. the 0nly s;:oceific inf-ornt.ticn c.vc.11-£'.blc on th::: 15th Div1.sicn r.s it ~.re_s ~iSlJoseC-. ch:ring tho :J..::.r;LoC. c:;vcrtd ty 't~'!i·s -rc:;,Jcrt. · Ea}J u~:; of the -.:0:5th, -:t:Sth t.nC._ 5Cth ·::c~~lr~onts, the Di vi sL:._n lJJ'.e.. co!lC.uct aC, £- B<ICP o ssful .tvl t~:.C.rr. ~,r2.l frcr.:. _tht Pusr:n Pc.rioctcr f.:.ll:yr_:r_:.:., the I".=:t .. c.: .. ffcnsivc of .15 S0:9todbe:r lC·5c, .s.:1c"".. hf'_c-: !.!1-::-Yc·d ~..-1th-::ut scri·us 'losses t-:J_ the ~.rp':,)cr rcacb.JS .. >Jf tllc I::1jin ZUver 1~hor8 it •.rE!.s lnc~Ct.ivc until :r-:.o~: ;:<':)rez-s e/'vc.nc.tn;; 0n ,.·ronsc .. i-1. --he.~-- by....:;~.8.$s_Sc. 1 t.. ::tvi si~n strcn;;th at the tim::; ,of th::; 1ntcrro~t_-:;.:c·n, e,cc·')r(_inr; to- a F.V frcm D.tvLs.ton r:c['c:que.rt:rs, -;·.res ll, '":OC. nt..•- -.~--~ T>l'01-, .. bl v ""il CXB'·'·,-r,..+-10~ ::;:~- C..-.:no-rqn<1 ~~.L.Ll:' .. L"t:i~~ ..... c.-'-.;."¥ --·~:_·.:.-;:,-" -~ -~\.. _,J •.. .::-.-._.,... in[' Gen~r2.l ·pes Gc-ncrDl :!.cl.J. ~un Ch'.J-:1, :·.-ho hE"_s been cr~·rr1oC.. ·as the; CG ill CE :files since the ore_-Eniz,~··tl:Jn of" that Div.isich.w

One o_f t.he .d.iv1e;1on obj ectivcs mrns the s oi~L~rc of Laj cn-ni 1 a cri ticnl. rc£:.( jLmcti~n ~,nc' the :[.ccation cf the 3rrl En, lst 11n.rincs, until arcunC·_ tl:lG m1C..:":.l::;. of' NovCJJ.ber. lt v.rr-.s \rrli+lc .on _£t nis~iqp_ cf .es;_)ior:F.;__:,:.. __ ~nc:. ro~ ccnna:!.ss.:.nce, in, cGnne::ctL.-,1~ t·!i t~"l a ccntom_plr~tcd atteck on }1ajon-n·~., thc.t ~hE- :.n'iSon.;;r. l·!cs ~ccken 1't.ThO ['Cl.V8 I:lCSt Cf th:: ipfarr::l.::..t1.cn L'.bO.U't t.'..11S d1vis1c:n~ ~s (Ii_vi_.ei:ltl L'lf'.C1.. in th::; m.:;tr..ti~<.:l ccnC:u9tc~t ~mr.ll~r .:l,t:t~cks c:-.gc.inst Hc:..j:~.n-ni and ·af.:e.lnst cc-nvoys c.lon.;, tllc Ec j 0::1.-ni - ;';on.sn!l r·:.sF.. The pr,isonEr also stat eel. thc~t tll£, di visi.:m 1,;ras waitin6 until th8 Comunists la:___:ncilcC. _th£:1r ccunter-cf!_bns1vc, Sf!-ying t_pc;,t t~oy l1aC:. beer.. tole~ by KL·~ Il, Sung thr.t. _th_e c_::::F -r,-.rns crose_1L[:' the Yalu :::iv.::i"'. _':'ho c~:tvlolon l_-.r~.s-. r.ls:J in rnd1p C:J:::J.mL4J.icc.t1on 't·,;rl th the :nc.Fh .3cc.dqu.artors~ . . . : . .

Q.

The rll:Jf?t hit;hly· or.;;aniz~(~ 1Jf' tl:ic troops v.rhieh tr2vcrs~c! tl-~c Division z0nc . ..::uri2;:::. ttJ.s lJCrioC. t-tor~ the 2nC~, Etj_ c.n::'. :._)robe,blY lCth Divis}sn:S. ·~h2sc trJcl,)s,-_ rc~:)ortc·c1ly l~c: 't:i-' e.. major ~cn.,_-ra1., ,_,cr~ c;.n13id.i:-r:.:i~. c1 .tc-h('.fC_ Cc:-r:::;,mu.n1sts ·Trhosc £• • .:;.=:_TcBs.1.:vcn".ss 2nc~. :_lr:_:a:t.}izr.ticn. t-vus c:.cmcnst'!':-.t::::c1 ~n .. <$-t ly~~.qt tllrcc ·Juts"':!'_~C1n; occLsi:;.n,s a·t:.-E'.lnst tnT FOrc-~s in. t2J;: -.. ~-':lnsf.n f'rc::.. ?he firSt l·rBs ,;,_t; Ko.J0 e-n ?7. 0~-t;-:-:b_?r T--•l:cn ::-1:.-;'.l:~ntc

4 - 11 -

DECLASSIFIED

__ .:::

~-

);~


• • of +,he 5th Division stc·cd r "ti:rcc ~.ttr·ck ~-i;"-inst the lst Bn, -1st E~:rin~c,; e sec mC._ r-.ttt'c~>: ~-·0.8 -JD

the ES:;:. :..cc:/linL; ,to lfE'.j::.:r:-ni ~rli-irc ··clcr~:c!li::-E c:;f tho 2nC. D.ivisicn r.ro cDnsl:"" c:rcd._ to h::--.vc 2ttr c:.:c:c~ ,q

supply ctnVDy; ,tl1c ·thirc~ cutst~n(_1tlz' occ~sion ";<T~'l_.h F_ Ct:(";rd1nntc::1 c_tt~-c~ n;:-<?.in~?t e.s. ·~.:..rs: .. Uni~s ut Yonchun~, lr:ctinG scv·-::~~1 h0u:rs:

r ... mc.st cr scrc,;f'nt 0risnncr l-rho v~s Qri vcr fer tho rc:_.lrJcntal cc:-:1rJ;~_n(.cr Of -c: ... 1: -_.: L>n nccir.HJntJ 2nc-:. ~::K Division, sc~iG._ tho:j the 2nC, 5th ecnil lCth Divi.sionf: T".r2rc: cXCCI)_tinG tho north~ I'U~rc . .:ncvcr:.:-·nt t.-:;: c-th2r; 1-d. th the 5th Divisic:n scrvin[; ns the point f:Ji' tllt:' con: x:si tc un1 t. Finf'.l c~cstin:>..tiCn i'i~r those forc2s uas :··r.nc;::'Y_::..

The. 2nc~ :S-ivi81.::;n C·Jnsistcc~ of the -:.:th, 6th D.nf 17th ;-,_cr;iments ,fi th. r:;r;i~c_:ntfl.l Btrrn::::;ths of 9CC 1 ~oCO .:.nc:. 500 ;;Jf_n r2n~:>ccti vcly •. It· hc>.-::1 10 hce,vy me chino suns, icc sutmElchinc cuns F.!1C. an unCctcmineCl m .. .u"J.bc~ of ri~lc·.s. ~hG 5tl1 Div:f .. 8ion v1itl1 the lCth, llth c .. nC: .. 12·_L;h ::tG:·_-i.:~en-';fl r:;y-::;r:tJ:tly cunt[·_incc1 2,nr::r :11c!L ~b- inforr.wtion is 'f'_v_c:,llablc

on the stren~·th or .t~c roi_.: o'.f. the lCth Divisicln but 1t is c~nsi:src~ tc-hrvc bci~n even rnGre dcplc ted.. then th-:::: oth2r t.uo C:tvi.R:L::-D.s ..

Th8 d'eter0inat1on c.xhibi ttC1 ty this r~rGup 1n its -.?.tte.ck anC. v.1thclrt1.'•Jf'.l t~cticS

tc~·i'ro t:r.:.:.·ri:.:rtl1 mu.:r Ce attributed to the fe.ot t:-;£'_t· botr .. t~l_r 2nd nn:: 5tl: DivisiOns \:ere r .. ::Jcn_-; tl-:c c~it;ino.l !,Torth -~:J:r·n..._n uni '; s i·;hich invad c,:: South Korea r_ncl. Tr,rere ccs: __ ,oseC. :n ... BOdE ·o:r tl:"~c:

best 2.nt .. wsst_ £'.¢ · -rcGSi~.~e: )';y,' t~Oopfi. ~:--~e 5th D1visic;i1 Has lEr;;·2ly cc:-..:~J02eC'. of: Korc-':"ne· i;rhc

forr.crly scrvcc-:. 1.-:1 tt. tt.e CC!~~ ~~ · C:t:ine ..

·. Ot' ·r Fortb v~rcon ;,.":".,.,1 ...... ~·" _.Q.. __ili,;.__-·---~-=- ... ~>.'.1 ~'-'· Vl-.V::l•.

J>...nont:"l". the North ·rr'::iro;? .. r;t :Jivisio.ns

rcp_roscntCd. Dy :?risGn ·rE: cr_pta:r~C.. t~1rcue;hout this Hrcct r:s strr.-·;2__~-n-c:rs. or Ces-2rtcrs "f,.rcrr ttc :follm..ring: ·

lrit, 2nd, C-rr:, ~,tht 5tht 5th, 8th,· 9iJh, lCth, l3th, 15"':ih, lOth, 10t-r .. , 3J...ct, sr.nc""~. 1 38th, 41st, .:;2nc"t 1 45th, <:~.Sth a~Y1 "'~?th. l·;K 31fls

Diviric:ls,

("2) Gencr[' .. l Chinese Con:nunis~ Cr:='cr Gf

·,:a .. Th·~ o_Qv,:mt c::~ t r:::l-:.tivcly sr.l?ll

force, ~ct'W-11.y n. --full CCF Tl\~-~-s.icri,. cf' Ch1ncs3 Com..1"!luniet trco1)G int-'J t!-'_,_-, or--:-:cr :-f b~~tt1c ,~-ioturo

in c<..-i..:r·i~t !ifo·v C:.;i'o1::._-~r b.-\:;.•.ri ·t:-~c ("':i ~r~.rsi-:;_r:- Sf'' :'.~ten-; t:ton f>_N£"..Y ftc;J -th: ooneic..1crrti::::;.. cf ·--~:.:rth :-:or.:an troopo tc-r.:-~r·c-:; ·these n.:-1,., 'll.Di"S€, ~h:l~t :·:t:.ic:;. little "tn::.a knmrn fr~r. ...... e-tuf'l cc~~br"t ln .. 't:h.) :-·:..rth Y.:;r;;i',n

e a - 12

DECLASSIFIED

•

•

•

-.- ~.,;. ·'"-;..;

~~

' .

.,

..... ,

. ~ .. ' ' ' "~ ::'<

.:.: ~1

Korean War Project USMC-00106309~-

fi • ~·· "" .

"'" -· ~-

r-

~ .. .,_ -~ i&-~

i'F -~ !':".~:

~ ~ -:------~

~

:;;..:.

i!!b_ --~ "'"---~ ~-

~ ~-g;.---- : ..

~ __;:---

-·=---.-

DECLASSIFIED

• '\l'!'l..,....;;;d,;;;;;:;..~,_;,..;.;,t..;!;o!!I (I~'' Q, ~ -r I t;.L, '. ,""'t;l T ,..-1 h0 T-, r·= r. ~ n ~· ......... -'-_'"'. ~ ... -.,...__~~ .......... ....:..~ v.,. _,. thn~t::;r. ~his ~'ivcr.sic-n ·.-r.os c-m~)lctGc,_ bv 2?

Fhcn tho c~ll~ot··.t CCr !_::.ji.J...ntur•-cif-cnsivc ,,/l'.s le.un.Chod in c:.rr:1y ~tr·:·n~:th. by c_l:::mcritc- of the 3rd CCF ~i21C . .b.rny," ~no_ fr'JJi -thr.t_ tin:~ _on the Mr::.gnitJ,.tCie of the co:-:·- 0r~~c:r :)f b9.ttlc;· stuC.;r ovcr-shcc'":.mH:;C_ by fp_r E:T ... y ~)_rc.vlous c-::;nsic':cration Given tc sr;Jallc.r·, less offcqti'V2 rcrth ~-~::1~-::r-.n fo!'ccs. By tho time cf the Cr.incso "tvcnt l.nto t~·:is battlG,- UN Forces,._ for r.lmost all in+,cnts E'.nt lJUrposcs, h<::ltl C.Gffe_tod the orcnniz'oc. ~"Grth Kor. ~-n :F coplcs .n.:rmy, oxco::~t f'":::>r tl1o remnants ~-,rl::..:t ch r~<::.C~ b€en C"ri v en 1ntCJ the ri~o s t, north err. cJCtrc:q;.itics. Our :forces Tvcre then l)Oisc-Cl to v.C!.ministcr ~o. final c·oup C.{) ~-rc.ce t:·w.t ;.,rQ_ulC btvc brclten t!1.;; Pee!: -.::f e.ll c-r.;:_~nizoC. :"'cs~st~nco.. Anf thr:n thG _p1_r-tur.:- ch~.n~:c;cl, r.r:.c1 ~Jrobnbly fester than_ ~'-ny crC.:.r ::.f b.':'.ttlc picture !'..ad Cvcr b~en transf'or:Ylcd .Ccfcrc.. In t:·1rcc to four 'tJoc!:s 1 ti~Ti0 1 the C~ines.:- _forceS f,ocin;:; thls Divis1on ch~.ngecc frcr:l c. lC, CJQ !2'.cn i'.1Yis1.on :f"1[ht1nz o. bla"ckfng action tC-- ecvcrcl Hrti:ic:;s stc.~in_g a v_ici~cu.B, ell-out D:?Ur:tsrd.riv~ ~:r1 th forc·:o nu.::':S.bCri~~ .:-.s r:,.~-[h e.e · lCC,OQC. In tt1ro 9Por~, f__ays th::· gntir:. :·.:vis:tcn;·· strctch1nt: ·:r:ro~; ·¥u.c;~::;'::-_~t to :r--e~trru-ri anC_ Ko.tc·-ri over oO.my ~+-r.::!).,E::S, ,h2.cl been ~.ttac~-.;c"'. from all sicl..e,s _'by _t'- V~:rj. toble Sea o_f £~E:~ rcsr=ivo, tlcll-tr8.in3-;'t.r hiE;hly dt scipiin .:::d n.nf_ skillfu} ;_y~lec Chin2so Coruaunists lfhosc c'.OClllllentsc~ :nission Wf'.s f'ifE:t to c.CStroy thE: -l~t Harinc D~_v_islcn ant·. then ·to c ci zo the ~amhunr aroa.. '1\~ c!l equ1p:JeC. nne'. not in the least b~ t reluctnt to clo~ e, 1n :fi ere c :1£i.nC.-to,hancl combat, thcs e Chir~cs.c ·t.roops_ ft'c::: th::· 3ra... r.·i -slC!. _-i-rmj' h.::-.C. bG>Jn tho onc.s -ccss:!.t;nGd the ·t::t6s1on ::J.f seizing the isla:nC. n.f PormoSEL c.bJ:.lt the t1JiJ2 of' the Yorth Ko'rcc,:l invnsicri sD.l!tl1r.TrC'~, -..:.-:l:.en tll-.G :; .. e,_ 7th F~ eet intorix·,_sel~. its n2.Vfll e.tr:;;·ne;th bctn9;:m Formosa an~- the Ct-... in.:a.s r::ainla.n:'L. T~.vo mcnths after the ent.rELri_cr· ::}f. the !:nJte;,~ VittJons in tho

·Korean conf"Iict e.ncr reC-ogtiiticil -o.f the fc>.c1.J that the Cor::ununis_t _victciry in :=:out!: K:J.rGE'!. v.:-as doomc1J ~Jor clc~onts of this !ialC. a~y bcsp.n th~ir j!lOVc to North China ancc 11nnchur1e. fol' the trr.1n-1ng; r~nc-:. Aqul:tlfllnt prGpr:: .. J-atc:.r:.r"tc _lJ~\T'tic..1_pat1oe in !''~"orth I~orea in behL:.:r o:f th:: Gowmu.r::. st causs. Tht e.tt.?ck o:r 27 ~~av:·eq'bcr h~E:.s ~:,ut the. 9U:;_m:!.nat1oro .Of sev·:::>T£>.1 mcnt4-9-:. pl.?r"ni'0~~ tr~ln2.nG_ f'.nd movcm.erit on the ;>c.rt -of Gorr,:.c· of Commw1is1{ Chins.l s best fit.·lrtlnf forces, .s.nc1 Ce.n~ in no senSe, be Constr'...lcc-:. tc hnv...-:: b.;;Cn f'. ~voluntery 11 ~Jrcposition -on th:-; pc .. rt of th:e: ind~vir::Luc_;:l solC:iCr.

S:hc Chlnt:s.: Ccnr.:,un.i.st troops 1·rhioh op~:~·osct"!_ tl'li:o: :Ji'v _ _:'!_r:;.:::..-::::1 :::.::.ri:-1::; t~c 1:::criod cuver.::U. by tLis r<::.poi't L10lu~' ::::< '_'_:J.~--ts free:', "b::::-,th the 3:rc-:. .£:-n::?.. .:1:th Fi clJ. _-.rrr,i·~-~ 1 t:1 :· f'cr:~c.r b::.ir.;: G.isposcC:. orflinr.:ri~Y tp tho. Sh2.n::;hc.i :;;_r-~·c ..:-:~(

- 13 -

DI<:CLASSIFIED

' -

-'

,_ . -::. .. ::


• • the latter iri' 'LFnchU:!."ia~ · ·"?Otf:~ f'ielO. oi:d .. cs, vi th a ccmbirieC s trenc;th _~f. qv·er:' 1, C-~0, GC:-\· e r_e veternnS' Of Qotl:: t!"le :fi2'ht:iG~- pr,:::EtilTs·-~ the ' JE'. _ _.~c~r:.cse ·cu.rin£ ~--:orlc1' -... -e.!," II· Elne: ·.e.:.~aj:nst +;be Cl::..inese Fe.tionf'llf-l t; s_ .!Ollj-,,.;i.nr-: t:-:r.t t--~a::< ':'..1 l" .. i?ir -cc:::br-.t eff.&ctivcness is· rB.teC:.- E'cS C1::c:::llc·ri-t end

their nui;cbers· 1nclu.c~e the. bEst tr2inec rnc. cqui·_~·-.eC. sdl~ierS ·_~r· ~tr:. $flt:1.Y.c Chtnc>£E ·do~.-·':

·r::mniS"t; Foi-c~·s. -:-i:JGoielly outStcflcl!rig iS tl:Le

co:nme.n~cr of ~t-he 4cth_Fi(lr:i. -~rr1i~, __ G~n-..,-I'c1 LIF Piao _. 'Fho rc-Jutcc1lY has nevtor S'if:f3iec'1_ c:· mili t...: ary tcrz·e.t. Ortgr ·or- P~,7::;1e stu::l.i:;s of tl10sc ·

forcee stete tl-1e.t t_hoir ·cili t;Ery lcE+.C.crS ~evG Cis--lP.cysC c:::C8l:,snt let:f.ershi•J at a:..l ti:nc-s anC:- h£ve. r::c'.nifcf3tr:C ~L_ thor:·auZ11 ~;no,.r:_,::~.'gc ·of militBry tect.iCs. ~h;::. ::_:;r·rfqr0nnc~·. of ·t;!1r; Ch.incsc trooje- · C.uring t:r~is :_;:)-:'rioQ. tonC_e ·to bear out ~!'~._t stat:osnt ~

The f:_"·:.nc:=--pl- :.)~C:n ·o~ "!::he cnE:r.l~r lr:

em:.;lo>inr his un~_ts i-!i th~-~l ·-t::l:is Divis1o'n1 a zone of' e.ction tr::;.s +.h ~ as.SiE~ni:'lc-:~!~- o-f 0:10 -~TT:!y ~- th8

42m3 fr:J:n th.: l3th h.EJ.y ·ar,~uj ·a-! _-:;~;.c 4tr~ FLsld · n.r::l~' -- to o :---claytq.c 1ntssi6:; ·sou.t~l of the · Choshin rnc-:. Fu0c:n '?t'8 .-·:r-voirS B.nt · ncrtr_· of the F..£1.:-J.hunc. £'1'C"E: in early ro~.'3ffitcr. ~"rl:_ilo br5.rif~.ri.c u.-:: le.rr-:::r anCl r.10re -::f:.P.:ctivc forces o:~ the Zr(} F-:'!..::lt. J..my ":o_ le tlric.h q · countf rof'f'Ono1vc. · ~1: C'

units ue::-C'. ·ror thie bloCld.nf ;;~ov.:: ,_.rGJ:>8 t:-:..c·2.-?-:~'_::;J.:,

l25·C-h anC· 1'2.5t_h Divisi.Cris 1 cnly one'·or t-Jl:ich 1.~e.s £1,ctu£11~r :::-n:::pg.:a.· .tr... comt"Dt by·t~_"l..:: 1st Ee.rL1:> D1v1Lion. It "f:.f' tho l24tl1 Di ... J."Lt::ion vt~ich o~)j?OSc.·G.

tl-:to ·r:-.C:.vany..:: of -<:['~,: ·7t::_-Er-.r:1.n:::-S .<:".str~.:~,:. t~1r: · H.s..rnhi.1.n[:'-E.c.[C'rt~--r1' rau-l::~-. _.:,.- d ::·tn'il;::;;:l_ c:.ccouht of :.;he ··:;oEI~for·mr·no~~ o-f tl:c 12--~th lc···r-.. iv'"n l[tcr i!l this·· rc:;_::.ort; .~t ":;be ~.nr:·t:::: ti~~:·~ ?th<:_"r units· frJo 't!:.c ~,_tl). Fic.lt_ .,...r:ny ~c·Cl bc::n co~1 :t tt.-.:C-in g eir::.ilr.:r r.r·12c1t~r FT8.inst ;r~ =. 2-tl1 -~my fcrccs t~:-th.: ·n~.st. ~ - ~ - ... ,

Once: the: C~c:J.a:_rir.~ r_ctfo:1 :1i.C' "been co::-:-2):.ctcC. -E:.n(L ~!""~f· 3r~ F'i:::lf. _:.,_m_y troo:p::: r:_2.1-v~cC

tho <t:2nE.· l;-..rby · ~-t YuPtd1:-n1, t1:E" cotmt' r2::f'f8:i.S1 vc y.r['.S et2[C'~~~ util:rz1nf:, in this iEmc21c .. tc r.rc:e. t.nc1. H.c_:e.inst -~~>:is iJ1y-is~on 1 -t~::-:· _?.th Ar:-:1y Grtu:~- ~..::r:1cih'

;>robk~t--ly consts-t;.::O. o:"' ··the 20th~ ?.4··~_tl, ?Sth, 2.7th, 30th, 3?nCi_, (?) r .. nc 33:rf1 rlrR5.E:s, ~-r1tl1 P. t:;·tf':!. of lP f'.EC'. · lJ'::Cr't-.f.'_~Jr:: 2l · _li1fan7,ry _:t~vis'i "Jn.E * '

~hs:r1 is :_)oG1t1v _ ~~rf_"'~c::nc:- to ·si.!. -,,_::or+, the -:]rcscnc::- or"' .:.l~n-nts, of rJ.:. .-:::"!' t;1c E'.bov;- [l_rmi~s

but ~he. 33:!:-C. in t:t:: C~":oshin -::::c.s -.rvo1r-Fc.r:1hun;;:: c.rcn :)rior to t;~v2 fin:'"'J. .~r~-1;~--·r?-'"-l :Jf' :-;- "S"crc--:s

oiJ. 24 Dc.cc:-.~b;r l'?f_C, "lth:-~:.:"t it ie not y;.-r::su.c.:d tl-'.&ct the .. ::-;::Jtirc .strca:-·t:r-'. of ~1-: ,-s: rr.;:1.tu:: h:c-:

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Outet['.r).Pi:IC i-rr:Cn,: thos' f'.r-~1 --s •r'::7.c~- r, cco-r::.i ttcG per· tl:-... - ·?cth~ 0 '$t,h :· ... ,-. '27_t~:.., c>~ of

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• Tr~:.lcl:. hrif b.--.:~n ['U'T,r:IC!ltc(. by ::_: division nh.~n tl:::. 30th ~'-l.J;ElY T .. as -C.issalvcc~, pccorc~_ln(" to ?''! intc:rro,:-,"'.tion, 1:_1 _....,_~;_,ril l9tU, in t:1c .::r-~r.nchr,i cr~e. Thos..:. tLrc: c.rwlcs n.::r: th.::. on:E: Phich lJUsl-_cC: tb.c ci..:tcrr::in,c...·(\, r-.tt2..ck L[il.ins_t our f'crccs in rn .~tt:::-:::;t to OC'.rry out th..:. GCF r.::Tesion of [ rmihi].r.ti:C-4:-~- <:!].1 UN F.orc.ss in ;:-:r.r.;,tun;__-loc;:·.lc. r .. 11 f<".ctorB ccn_q1.·".!cre0., it 12 be~ 11~.vc~.- tl:(~ .:'t l __ .:::st te-n r_r1.::~ ~:roQ,;-)?J.y t·cclv: <i1v1_E1011E of thr·;;; r . .rr.:i;:s s-:;.•,c r cti:>n c"':.urin~; tl11s :pc_rtod... In slippo·rt pf tl:1!~ constc"l_Gr.:tticn, th:: :t'alJ..m~I.tU[; c:::c CI'l.Jt s of_ ir,.torrct;r._tipu EtnC. com>rcnt ,":'-!'c G_uo.t_;:c:_ frc.::J GhL F.SC Jntcllig;:ncc. Stt':lLr-ry, 17/18 J~.nuc.ry 1950:. "9th CCF -~rmy GroL'C): -~ Ch1ncsD '.tt·" C~DtUr,::.( nz~.r I~oto-ri ( :JV 555C) on 9 Dtc(!D]bcr l-"""'fsc, r,r,: s fot.i.n( to b.: .. ::~ cr~,;..;.t.:~in, 3rc_· Ell :toli .. ~-ic<'l O:r~. i.cc;r, iEcth ?.o;_:.-:~,. seth D1y1sic.q, ~Oth CCF _,.,.r.-py l Gcr~JS), 9t~~L .-,.rr:-I~/ GroulJ .. Er sti_tc::: t!".r-t _:-.:.1'8 uni'!J cros.sc(~ tl::c :i£~.lu ~:ivcr by ~::;o£itoon b.r·id;·~:- n--~nr Ch1::-.n in ra1C.-:t-'rOvC.c_bor £:i;c. ttr.t ::bcut l.Doc::..mh:;r lq50, the 20th Fn<': 26th CCF )J'Lli<>S (Q.:;r:os) c.rrivcd 1n th.:i I:"Oto-ri r~r.:c.. E;).il.., o;:i-~j;.':t.-c'1 ~l.:..D:::nts o:t" the 1st !l:c;rinc Divlq~~I), .. Tl:.c ::;;o:;: _ _;,;rtoy (Gor:vs) rcinforc(C~ the .20t[, •>rmY. (Corps) in tl"c £Cree. north df _:tof.'J-~i, fn2_ ~~_:.c 27th ... ~":..rrny (Ccr~:)B) .:.ne;::·.cta t ,.3 •. troo:tJS farth_E!r. ncrth n~-:ur the: Choshin Lcs-crvoir. 7he J;il str.t2C th:.o_t tr~c 20t!'~ .-'>.~_;r~y :fi ll,c.(,_ .:in 1 ts r:tiqeic.'ll C).uo ~D E\.l~).:r1or !"j'.rc :.y:)1•rcr fr.Jr.1 ""J.2. 7'tnks rnC ['.ircr.::_ft ;•.h.icl: r.llcTJ-;;Cc r.:~r~ ... t·rOal)E to. rn.sk:: oont::.ct VIi t.t r~l:lforccm .. ~p.t·S 'tc. ~~l0''·. ss;uth~ 2.<1\-: CCF ~orale: {c:tcr1v;-ct[c.,_ bcc~~us~- -¥l. fi'ostbitc, trc~1chf'oot r-.nc1 :tn~Cootlctc rrti.::.ns .. -,·. (p:c G-2 Oo:n!Jc.nt: 'i:hj_e ls tt.C b( st irSo:::-.~1F: t,ioc ~:;c.:;i V-.Jd to ::"L.:""'.tc tl1c t the Chosl';Lin ?-~~.:--rvc.h~ tr t,"t:l-. l".::.o un'-~~ ;r tl:c .ovcrrJ.l C:.ircctiori Gf t:~c- r::t~ CC:l ;..rw:v Grou·J c·Jns1.st1rit_: of lG 1( cJ.lt.i:f'ic="_ -,ivizj_on~. ~rtc: co::n.r._Phc"' :r of tl.-~~ -::tt ~.,_r_:-.y Grcu·.J. .5t22-; 2f:j '1~ lun 1 is rc-_:.r.Itf'~- to ·be en;:) oi·th2 best; fielD comf.J['_ne crs ln .the C;JF) .. 11

8-ir:t;v.:fr b::,' .,1.-::;s 2.bs ::.nee 1.1 .st:.·-r:.crt o:f the 1nf'r,n~ry n'"".s Ch1.n; s::: r.rtill.:: ry ·pl-:J.c.h, ['.CCCf'(.inf to ~:ris-cncrs, r.;-r._s unnbl.::, t·J CCCOill~Jf:ny thr fact tr.-:-c:~_~.s p_r;_r' t-J c:t:L::r:.t.-: in r:'.OBt of t~~i:= f'.r'-C£: t.uc: to the um""~v._Jrsbl~ n['t'c.lr~ of' tt-_c mot.·_r:tc-.1ncu.s t.::-r:"'<::..in, Jn" ti-.. c rs .:-r::::.§-.:.J o~::.·crc·tl,::.n, the h;:::-vic~ E'rt12.lcry c:.n:- ::1:.:rt;.rs 0.r;:; fcund on c:n.iy l(:y :~1, rrj_th only li[ht ~n:;c! . .tYlJ~_in r·rtillc..ry units or:·-C'.r:."!.c tc ~ivisL:ns ..

11h· l:i;:l_J.;Et: c:-·:::i··_c:~ct. :::cl1::;:J,.cn of th.::: trcape, T·rhlc!:. 1niti~1::.J ~;.:··:::Js::''_ ·:~lli~; :)iyisi-:n ;..r.~ s tL.:;:· ~_:_ tl: 'TL.~.l,·'"' ;_r:'l:.r T-rh>tl "Sll.:: CCF trcc')S r,rcrc en 'the .. -_cf."~nsiv.:::J _rr-~,~ t.:::::n tl:.~ :r~- ::_:'i;::.l:.d:rt::y "-Ihcn t~-:.~ c:.:unt.:-:i-,:;ffnn€ivc ".r"s ::.r·::"nct-:-f!. ':'hL Ore. Fi ~lt . ...-~rr..:y nr>.E fLtrt:·~r r Gl~tb;~_:lv:L.:.: !ntJ

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• ... ":1-rmy G:r-::ups ~.-rhicl:"l in .turn c-:-ntr.in:>:l s~;vcrc~_l .,t".l.rm.icG {-:;'i-· C:::r·.::;:Hd. · :.--•.ch r·r;:r~r o·.:·tJ.eist;/ cr-~'in

ttril'y --:t t1~rc.t Ci.1 v·fsi-::ne. :;::]~Cc)tl::m-s tc1 the rtlic of thr~c c~iviti-ins Il,"r trrJ:r t:."or:-. th0 ?Cth, 26tJ:-. £'.11( -)T'Ot•nbl v ?7th 1-:..rrvr. c:~ch -::f TTl-:dcll

· ccnt~in::c." f.-;-ur ~~lyisL~ns :::.S' ~ r.:suit -:~f '--"'.is

sclL'tion c-f ."_n ...... thcr .'"'.r::::1Yf r.CCC'rclin~· t·.: inf··rclr".ti•::::"~ f'rcr::J. e CGF o-rfic.::r F-~r.

_stu0.y of the ;r~:r-.niz..-:.tion cf c. Chinr:s.: Cc-r""•r:mnist clivi::.i-:-.. n r2vcc~ls thf'.t it, J.~hL Ln ... f:,j,~·-rt~1 ;-:-::-r(i"'.ri" rur:.:. Divieic:~, ie cr~ cr.n1zc:::'c 2rtf C:dui~)p<.:Ct t~lcn;:; the' sc...-:1.~-, ~)J. ... inci=._::.lc ns Soviet Rifle :Jivisi:::ns, P.irL-.'!. ."t --:cl'_:_icvinc t::-lc l:!fl.2if".U_f'J m~~h1l_it"T;r ':'.nr firc:'Jn~rcr ni::;h c. !!!inimurr. nurJb:r ~f -t:i-:>Jp s r.nC _ ::-lL:!in."'.tir~~ (is~JJnst-J.Jlc r-c"'-ministr?.t~vc ("'.)t:-ils, -~11 b-:sccL u·--;n ·the lin:itl-::ss RVcilc:b_ilit-y --::f :::r .... n-y::-ror tnc, the O~)OUC'Pbl.:.. n~tur·..::. ·c:f tl-~E't !""2-:-·n::~o-_r-r -rhc·n cor:J.m1ttc,G. tc cr::::;.b~.t. -"l- c::r.:Jrrie.·::n Jf t::.c r.~:;:-~_::11:fl:;

:Divisior.. vi th th.: CCF infr!1tr~r c~lvtsi ~-i1 sh')''S t~J.t•.t; their r.:rc9.t-::.6t. $l:'il~~ri ty lL .. s ir1 the t~Jt.::'l d.ivisi~nc.~ Eti'J!1;::_ th, ~-~1 th 11,000 in f.'.

CCF ( 1Vi.si-::m·· ("'.b-;ut thC sil:::~ P.S ~ STvict tiv1-s!cn) rn~ 10,~70, i~ P. FK fivisi~p.

In 1;1-:..c brc.:;>kcl .. 0vn o'f bst~1. "::he !-TI( r·r-~C~

CCF l~ivisi "'ns, both C'.rc sh:::~,?n ";··· ccntrin thrc-.::; rif:l_c -rct:·i:-J . .:-nts, clthJU§:h; tlFt ij'f- ti.::.: r.JCF .iE strcnc,--:.:r ~".rith 3,'243 £".8 ccr.1:_x-.rcd to 2,8lf, f'or the )'T}~ :rc[:lr.:.cnt. ~h-2 rcgimcnt_s R::-·c f'L1rthcr b+·o};:cn Cr:·;:,rn triC\D2'Ulr.rly i:lt·~ t~'lr::c rifl~·

b['_t·Sr.li:ne 1 ~~l_i..lS rn r.rtil::..~r~~ b"_'ttc-r?- or co.rl!:pr ny ,_ ·mr:- rt" r · cc:::J;:--r-' n:,r 1

i;r"'.nS~J ·:,rt.-- ~l-~a com~::,..,ny~ surrC' c:J!T"::P.riY, _r.a""- C0r:!!"!Unicr-~2.""l1£.

f'.nC. s~;ryic::-. :Jl,.,_-t;.Jons_ f'·::-.r r-. t""ttl 9:£' 8.53 ln tbc CCF ir:ft.ntry r.~{;'l:;::l_ir;:1 c:e i";~ .--L:.st 7S0 1n the !-TK bc.ttrlirJiL ':'he :-!: :-rl_·.· niz:'t:!.r:-/. --~,rr:-vit"cs fvr e. rt[l.:cnt["l e:u~b:.lr-chin- ~:u;1 o ..... ::~:_J:-..rq'- TT:'i.th .

strcncth cf lC:5 :-:~n, '="n ~::e~~ ~un c.;m_):-.~1:" !:'nl" rn AT rif'lc ccE:~}c.ny, :.:.s .;pyos-:c,_ tc none in th..:-n('f,.., -.~.--.if . .,..,..,,....+ . VVJ.' ~ '-'t:;:-'--- ,_,,.._,_, ~

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~£>-~er, r.l tho u.c_~h · nu--'-:i crier lly HC ---·.£c::r, ~-:cr. s cr :c.t c:r fire :;_Jol"Tr thrm' tl:.: CCF r'.J.v~.si:Jn by r-~r·son of the sEbstimtif'll,Y lr.rt;cr nur.1b,.r ·or F:.utc<-1-".":::tc H.::.~r:~Janc,

inclt:.rJ.ir:[· li_;::_t~t :ti?chine cuns (108 ~:.::;r r::..z: r:~ ir:1::nt e.s coc·::ercC. tc 1·35 ln thu ·ccF), l1:-' vv t:1f chinr gluis· (5 .. .:_ ;;_Jc.~r rz: r(f::in,:;nt, l'? ~.c:r C~F), f'n('~ eubr:~.c-.chin::: cuns (-;',?: -~::cr -~r:.: rOci:~:cnt, l5C ~], r CCF). In prr.cticc, hJ'-rGvE!'1 th1s )~·:':"<r' r-n~ly,S:i s fr~l s duG tc the fr.ct th<:: CCF ·r:_:r:i::.cnt; thus fer ;:nccunt drc·c. h: s cc-~1t; L1 :-.,C: -r- ;uch 1 ..,_r-:: or -~- Lr('. en t'"'c" r'P 'L<;,~--n~-"'hi.n·- r-,,,1.~ fh"'"'~ is •n~""~ ......... t---~· in tl~-. ~c;_L- -- c<.-..... ~. '-' '-' .: .. '-""- -'·• U ..!. .,J...V ._, •~

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• !"'n··- tl·:: Chine::;-- -F~-r 'tl1( r.:.:).st .. r·.rr_:; T._Tit~·:. tl'~;;.~ 1.:" .. 2. Th~::t'l~cn: &Ubn:- ~hiDe :sun cr- l;r.ttr..- c~~::I .::.s < ~th.: :r Of .38 _·:>r' .-1:5 _CPl.~.--- r11hC .'"'rtillcr:.t C_-;::·:>i:i'ly c'f' t-':1.0 l'jC r;:;r,imcrit is c.Q_u_i:J,_)2·2 T.-. .rith fr:ur 7';_--...::....-_ hcritzc:rs v~:il::: the_ CCF :r.:::~·ir;~cnt hc:s _but t~r::;..:. :_T.!lS ( sc::~.~tL::cs. f;-:ur t-nr. )r-:::C·£'-bly J,~~~."_n;: s ::. ~---~::::, 7.5r2l · hm,ritzcrs). ~h._; t~.·c:;.;.ty-s'-:vc-n 22,:1:-' rn:. the Eix·. l20cr1 ocrtr.Y.s nf t.Pc ~-;z re0if:".cnt c;:r.1y·rc r~vc;rr.bly be tb. in nur.1bc.rs .:.nf'_ c:-clib:.::r ':>i th the. ci;:htccn 81mr.. r·.nc"'c ci[:1tccn_ 6Ci:l:'J 2:\cr".;~_:rs r;f the fl,..,.!i1 .,..,_,~""--""+ M1-~· .T..,-,,..,Y'I-_,.~ lllr-.-,...,-11 n~ . .,...,+.--.,-, •...,,..."' vv.._ .1-'-"t.,-1--''-'P·<J• .-.o.~,. '"'';.;.''.·"-'!'V;-'V .~:.. . .a...,v .... ~.-u~.<. .:.~• '-.'

nlsc bCcn 2ncGU[.tcrcc. ~ .The 12·-:th :Jivisir;;..l ~ts:: hP~ _t:l·c l2C..:-L\;-:'_ ..-::c-rt:::r.

_A surv·cy ·Jf ·th: t .. lvisi-~:1. ..... ~:1 tr-oc:r::::portc.t1sn cf -the· t'--'a ~lvis1-:·n.s Ehovs tr_,\t .the ?1c:rtl1 Kor.· r.ns hr.v.c i:--_ f'.::::cL~.ct:. c.C1.v:o::.ntr-.£;c in t:rt.ns~-:.crtfl.bilit:r E".nc"' r:u:~_ncuv~-rcbility, iT !:'..,bl:-:s cf Ort:_E'.i.1-izn t-ir·n [' m· I'q_ui~)r::..::nt ::· rc; rc 'f.'.).~·:" [. =~c- truc~s nrc r::rt;·rnic tr:: p,_ ·cc? C:l,vis:!_,0n a::.. ":;hau.:;h th.::y n.!'7 hro dc··--.r-r>.t-,.-..f' T:."' f'_l"l r .~rot: q,~r'"'."' 1 nf'r: 1 v r:'l-- r" ---~- ... ~~ ~--... J~ ~ ~ --- ~ ~- - -~-- -.J .,.. .... ~-~ ~- _ .. ...,....,.._... ---~

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• lst I-l.f'rincs~ S£'-1"" .thr.t :nc rr.C:i;. T-'£'.n ~;rr;VV',:f f~r (:ivisL:n .ht·rr::~_q_y.L.r~~Grc ~.ri th_ n-::n.:: f::r L:-:cr cchclcns., One U.S., f'iclf. ·Jh~no ;-,.-':'.$ ;~vr-c.ll!'.blc ts c.:. c.~ Qr.:tt:tlicri _Cct .. ::l_quE'.r.ters.

. .- ·: ,-·:.'_In _t0.:.:·_ L'.rt112.or): cr~:E'..niz~ticns~ th.J C:JC~;t.r~t_!.vc 'lt'c_~- :.;f <'..rti:~.cry 1r1 tho CC?. ·c--:1visf-cn -r,)lJcn q:.:~i~>!:'~J;::::-: tc: J~ I-::: c~!visi-:-:n ic L'.~-r:ircnt. ~he tn:. Prtt?J.l-on sf ::tnb.1c:l f'r2.'•.'n CJr -y:-c::- Grt11lcry7_ ::i-.-JV"if:.cc} f6r _in tb.~ CCF .:civf81cn is nr[r:niz:c.· 1nt:: t,hr: 0 be.tt.:r,L:s, snly ;n( -:f vrh.lct .. ip r.n. ~i-tillc-rY b;-.ttcr~r .ccui-y_;~-."'- n1 th ~ 6 f."i..ms cr hc:~-,ritzcrf?. ?r~pc.a;:-rs i~;.:.icr.tcc:_ thc.t [!. rq:J-I:1;ntt.l-sizcC. f'.rtillcry unit r2i;)-:.t su_~-=<;,o:rt _t. C.ivisi J;l un~-:_.,:.2" cr:r.:_" .f~v·.:r.~b:;L:: tcrr.:.in c:nc11't':t~ns. The cc~ C;rt~ll,:-ry Qattc--...11:;:. ~lSC' hr'.s ['"n -~~~ bnt~c:ry cf <>- S ~uns (s~·r::~t2.u.:;s 37.t:.lr.:) n.nt ~- h:-:-r.v:r ,..;r_)r:J::nq b~t~.:=!r:r cat~_i-):,_:cL vrith f·:-tir hcr.v"y w:rtr:rs_, · {7hi~ hc::- . ..-1-y ~:1.cr~arJ p!'cstmoCl· t.C. be the ·s_.:;_vict ~2C:Jr.1 "t.G ,:,nc;ttntcro(~ when tltc 7':t;h :~~r.r1pcs PCti th~ 1.2~til CCF :Di vision· ln c;-rly r~!·:.·ve_mbc.r. -:rout: T;?~.s C'JmDlctcly un- · rc)crtec;_·/·i:n' the 20th .Lr;!'.y .c.ftor -1::~-:-::J cs untor-8f:f'E:ns1 vc ·huC~ b.:'~·u.n.. Fri s;n2·rs roj)ortc:'. theY h~c.!. cccn t.l:l_c :::;1.z.c nort(.r ~ut _:tho,_ . .usc ::::; [·.ny-. thlnG 1.:-.rccr t;hL1 ;,n 82!:1:-J m-:::;rtr·.r ·.r£:.s u.D.rc.~);:;rt::c1 by ::.,t~r unite.) i:his c·::::pr.reC. tJ thr,-::: 'tr.tt£'.11 !lls, tr.-r--:- cf' 76;:-...:-: ::uns 2.nC. -:-::·n,) nf' 1'22nrn bJ)1 .. :1tzcrs :1:1 tho l''K ·::1,/.to.i:n t~:JPE.:E'.rs rcl2~tiv6ly insiLnificc.l;lt. In r::c.r:')-::i·er,, tl1c CCF c:rtL'.lc·ry bC'.ttt1.li:n c:-:·nt~.L1s -1-0C men f'.s ~ ~ .. ::.~;x· rcc-:. t:. the l, 300 in t~::.c :~z rc_:_·i-m.:nt.

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?he: strcn;:;:·th of tD.c Chi!l.;:;co CcmmlJ.nist Divisi~n is E\·;~;r::JX:i.mf'tcly lO,O·JOJ :··c-nc-r'?'vlly th~ erne ~s th:· ~1rth K~ro~n ~r·thc Scvict iliflc. Divieic·ns. The cncny .: ivlSi Jns v,~~ich rJ.._:.;~_:osm-:_ the:- )ivisicn [.u_rint; t:J.iS lJC't"i:J·: "\JC.rc c::--nsiC.crsc,_ t: q:: !::'t virt:J.;-lly full s"trcnctl1 T-<hC·fl QCr:;:ti:;.ittc:-:~_. s~nj, l~SS;:,;S 1 -~'.lt:"1)l.("h. ::_:)rC'bf'.bly l1cht

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DECLASSIFIED

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Korean War Project USMC-00106316DICCLASSIFIED

• • ~IVISICK

-~rrnunlt'i~:~n _r-rts ·c.rruc:hi_ ~L-· :f)_'ct1 __ Chl.~.n, t.ccc rC:~rie:· t:- prls:;:.n2rs, n:1 _ tr. S. t!"UC~~~s _Fhich hri..~L b::cn C['_l:;tu:rcC. :fr-:·m th.;;· _Chinese ]-: ti:1p2.liet -""-.'frJY, tc- a po~nt c~:pproxl::J.r::t! .. oly ·_30 nil.:-s itt rct.r of the frcnt lince.. Fr:~m there ~ t_ ,itc.s CF:.rri.:::·c:. by ecL:'.1 :::-nne<. c"l:. horS,-;bccl:: ~nC ,_?~ .CPJ,'t t.\-. tt.e c::.:br_t olc;ncn "s. Tl:.::: inc-:.ivic_l..qE'l-~- u·;:.:cn cntr::-.ncc 1nt-:-

. c-:-.r.::br_t _.. v.s ur.liy' c-: rri .:c~- nb,_~·Lt C:O ro~nd.s ·c· f· 2 .. r;u:mni ficn .:_::;lus' "thrc .... ::r t:ur ~~,..,_n::. cror~,.-.{~cs. H~rtE'.r e.E'-"'.. .:--,rt1::.l.ury ::-,rnmup.it:t:::n wr.s trc.ns~J:::rto-::"!.. by hcrscs uhlch r,,r._:-r~J. ::r~t.nic in i::.:£'c:'l L:Jsrt:::-.r :-.r..d Dacl:..in ~ f_Un c::ffi)f' fly r.nt · enol: P :r-till cr~r :..mit. l~uch cf beth the: s~nll r·rJJS onr:_ .::;J:::;rtt.:~r 21J!:1Uni~Gi:::·n't.t2s ·:-f c.s. ::tck·.::: :1n-'""' hr:::', b.::.:::n tD.kon free thL Chincs2 :,,:2.ti'=:·nr."iints. ·

A n1ctnr.,: c-f the :-v·;r..<:-.11 Cl:incs.::.lc[·ieticE rn-~- ·cqui~:::r.i.C:nt }_ir::-b2,.orl is 5\l::::::c( -u:::~ in en CXCD:r"Jt fr-·:.:::1 C'-ll f'::ZC .Iatcl:;_i ':::;~1C.:. 2U.."1l:J.P rV of l-~ Dccewber l ?5C 1 .v:Dfch sp_i.-".! - 11 :-3.~ef.;{ cl-P.Y.~ctor-1st1cnl:!..y on the yi'inci~Jlee. r.f' f'r-•1_c·n1~~ty :'.nC'. rTlivinG cff the J,e.nc~n_, th.:: :::..neuy su·_:j.J"lY ·-;r-_:.blom· hets cniY ;;;r.ti;·rr.t~ cr~"ac_t c::n. t_r .. ctiC~l c~·.,C.-::111-tics. $c::rc· of the CCF yrie~ner;; ln.tcrrGfJ'.tc.C. hcve _c:tvcr-rqc'_ t::Hott they pro'rerr0::l t::; fi~ht El[Etlns"t r.S. troojs_ bcCE'.USC t~J.e~~ t' ... ac'!. ;~·rcctcr _ . 0U£ntit1~-s o:r su:)plios e.ncl_ cc,ui:)In8nt (t::- c-::-c.·-~tu:-:::). !n FLl.::::-~itlo_n, 1~11:::: CCF in t~1e .Cl"'.:.osh:in -~-cee:rv:1r arCE'c hi'.\1;8 C:.mr.onGtrE.:."tct E',UOthe.r tactic tr,::- POlVO tt.o !3UlJPlY ·ccne. rc;;t.ri.c_Gmc-n"f;;) probl8.:u;. cnt;ire C.ivioic·h£ r.rc r.::l.i.cveC._-in linG "J:t cont[·ct r:ftBr fl. f01-J e.nys by ['. ::'resh c"'fviaicn T!ThOS() SClC'licrS ~1.-;,c r.::stct'. c..nt. cc.Trv ·il. ftill b..:-.n(.Jlicr' :.f' [l.[IJL:un1tfdn·. -.~:11£ fc::E Do.t ncccs.sf'.:r·ily )0r~cin in every 1nstnn.ce, h-::~;_J_._ v:...-r 1 in tho ·:::v-:-:r.:..f.ll :_:.:;ictur::. ::'hcs_c e.re 1ndicr,t1:::ris r,.r!liCh pcint tc. tl:c f:_- ct th2.t l1_1vlsions t'..r·:_ n-~:t uc C.J.scr~l.;il:r !-;itl"_(_r~t,,Tn e.n:'l.. hcvo r~cR1yOL" .-:- _ 'blc c:.k of J:~c:~::<lr .. c-:.~:cr:. t s in the ti:.lC. vr.ryinc i11 _size fi'-Jm 2CoC--.i:0C. r:'he trnns1JOrtrt1c=ri ::;Jh~.sc of lo::;istics ·ls nCt S·J c.::sily solv:.:-C:.. )_lth:.Jut;h vet_icl~e L1_ s:::.::::c qr~~ntlty 11rvc be-on obst.rvJc.,__~ .:.lc~rCl::J.-~1~-: by f'oct seems ttJ Qc the ;.rinc1~:)2l yc\.rf.sticL i:t r:u-?.si.:.r-111£. s:)_9£C'. of e.:':!_vL:J1¢c~ Cn c. E!r.E'l2..:.:r scr-.lC:, hcrso cnvc.lry hcs btcn l'""C})Or-tc/', 11:. the Elrca; c.nc, en::: nir o1ecrvor rc:,?ortc -P.2.v1ns c:bsGrvcQ (t .. r:(~ subsaql..'..cntly ·;:'cstr~ycd) :f'.Jur c.:-.n:cls. tr

~-is ror th;:- lndivt~uul sol~'._icr, cv'-'ry rc-_pcrt infi.icr·t::.s tl'.:.c:t ·he 1·c.e. i:.>oth ;;--3ll-clcthu1 anC. v.rcll-fCcl., 0i1C(: tb,;; bi::··.-:.:f_fo~siy~ str .. !'t:C... Foc6 1--IT'.E: ,"- mc.j~1r ::.rJbl,~w·_~C<tt0 :.2<-~t~ CCF Di'"'" vision -r-fh1ch t.-I.r:s first in ::~.c:fcn~~ in tl:c. SuC.cn[; c:.rcn· ''-rh;tl-: rur .f::.J;"'g-.-s. ~-cr~ s""GJ_:;_2. 6c"'-v2r.c;t:-I.~ tc-v:rr.rc:. tl ... (; C1x shin t~...:...s.:::::;r•v·:ir '".-:--·.:--1~ Ll ~~cv.:>:1bc.r, i·.r1th 11rL~6n:rs tJllinc cf, :t=-.cr-.. t~::_ ::"'-~-r thr, ,_-c1E' .. ys uith,~ut fc-;C.. Once tlr J::..:::'..·~·~- .:...1::'l:.lx 'Jf' Chincec tr-::0~::s CrJt unCl.crPr:y; !llJ_ r::· _ ·:-c:j_nt·::r"'

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• t:- rn:.pJ,..:. .fo-J'l su)l)l·y -1lt'",~ci1 c,.:-ns·lstcc1 = c·~crr.lly. of ri_c __ ,;, pot::' tc. c s, c'TL:.fl cc;in -0r ·bc.~:ms r-11C.- en no dricc~·-bccf_ ~ho rlict ~.,rc:s c:....mi~':'.:r:r.t)_''21y. nUch better tl:~£J1--thr-t r:.f ~he· -r:.V.c:':i-r~r:C. :;,··::rt~1. 1.·: T;c2n sol.-ic·r. Th.::: :fcJ0 itst:if ~-''-'"-8 -hlth br-::u:··ht --in' 1'-ritl: the units t.nc:.! ~)r:;cu.r.:;c'. frcr.1 the l::;C'r~l nc-.tiv-:.:.s, this le.ttc:r rJc't::;_:,j_ ~):rt::"'ct:J.inr.tin: r.ls the: ti::r:C :,isR: d. ' ·· ·· ·· · · ·

'ThL inc-:iV_i;::1uc:l un,.ttor:n··,;_.as ~CiE'.tively ;::.·to_c1._. -~he :1Ut9t{:o t.lli.iform·,ras 2.-_hcnVy, C~+tcnqui't··r·· P"'J'roi'b' ·l'·o· kl-....... -..1· ~r ol'i-'1' one" ~u _ • ..:... -.,.. •• 1 -~- .._, ~.;- __ 1 l~ .. n. _, __ . ..., '-' .

~.rhitc j['.qktst· <:>n/~_ tr~us~rs ~,r.::;i"n ·JV€!0_· Sc\rcf..r~l layer£· cf un·:'.Brcl:-t_h~_nc ~--;hich aff-:~c:.~·o. 1:i_r:! f('.it' . l}rc:trcticn :::.,e·F_inst the c.:;l:_': • .. ~uPthcr~· In r.fl·"lt1Jn~

the CC.i.n.€sc scl:~.ic:r r .. _r·-::rc [>·~ervy \·To ... l. -:;,r fur linuC'. ·.cr~j;:· \·Ji ih -.:;.?.r f'l2:;_:-JS. ~::~ich c;~vc; hi:j_ [_'cOf cover 2.I'stm:2 t!:c. ht: r/i_ ·?D( f'c:- cr;. :His ~_··rr:r-" t .c et ~-rccltncss. T·T s in t!"lc _f.Jct"irC~·:r -.:~1;1o!l ~~nsist€G: 9f brcrvn rub"':Jcr rLnC_ CE".rrVJs ~en:n·is sh::-;:;s E'!J/:'. "!:!~_. . .rc cr thrc..c ·pc.irs of T.J'Jc-J.. p:;cks. _.;..s o r·.'st~lt r:-f" these l!~·ht £",n:~ n-::n~r.r_~:tc.r-,)r::of e:.h-Jes, the jcr~ ccnt~t.:C nf n--::J,b~.ttlc c8SUF).ti_"f> :r·rc;i"J froE!tbltJanc:. f~Ozcn f::c-11 ~hrr·s hizh, riL1_rP.c:P-~·us iLlSt'"'nccs bcinr_ re:;::;ort;;::. ... ~·hJL"u this entir0 lcr,)r ~:.::rticns of' the l~t:S ::f s·Jmc .:._J~fSon~rs 1'!3r.s f"i'"Jzcn ssli,::.. J:riscn.er.fL I'.:'~)crtciCt such CESU['1 tics ~vEr[l.~ e(

e.lr:!:!.cst 5 __ 0,~ ~-;ri thin eerte,:tn unt+;fi_ r:'.nc'. 'ln cnf: cr·,s :-. eoutb of Yot-:-ri, c.n r>. l).ir·ht ~.,rh::~n ~:-10 ten:-... "rr">"l::;L~ro (,ro::;~~,cc~ .' r:s much 2s- OC C.e£rces. in a few l:cb.re -e.nCc the· 1-rinCt ~".rr-.6 strc:.n.~- in the· r:iountE'..i!"'! · ::r.se, · a l:rr1.son::r s21C:. his cf1ti-;r.:::: .·b~ttte.liop Fcs ..-:wD_e inf;Jff.Cct.:.vc b;l{ fr·?_stbi te. ·ThB.t is 'Jn:;: o;f the fr.::ctcr'"$. -....~hich.:' cx_:)lr:: 1ne the c~_ ccrJ~1 e ec'"'_ C:lG::ly re-• sistcnco to ;ur _fint.l ::.~vG::.cnt froG Kv'!":r:-ri e.nr1. th·;; n(.untE'.i!.1 :!r"s-8 r_"!n.rn 1nt;:_·, th,_: 3c.!r,~nm~· .:. arct~. Tc·D, the Chinese SU")yly --:-f :;:.·lcvE:B i·b:~s

uholly j~nc:t'aqurt(~, r::;sult~.n~ ·in 2"lt.n:r !t~cTTn cr.s;Js of :fro.io'~n. hc..n:.s. !n EtCC'-i ti~n, tho. _-cc_j_ncs,-:: E'ol(_L::r UBU['.:!.ly _ Cr:rr.tct -{1 s::u:l: ~)ac~·_.con-t.:-.inin~ .hi,:: for;t. tmC r:, thc_"\-rl··=li~:.t: blr .. nkct ~1ith ~Jt.ich_:1s·cc"~"rcr.:::C. hi::rsolf. r::h.:sc t\r:;. 1tc:~S, i'n nan·y cc.sc.s, sccn:::G. to V['_ry ts t: ::Jrovri,l,;nc_$ .?.cc.:Jrr!.in~: to c<..-:,ch different t.1v1s1Jn, Nany ChinesG .h.t_,__::!_ n: ~'Jlcn!\.0ts

r~t c-.. :.1 uith scm_.:;- ~-.rCnr1r.~- cr..:::tur-::-c: ~T.,:;.· 2:-:r,-rk2s · Cl..nc":. cvcrc:.:::ts ... A l[!_rce nu.c--::bor ~lso l:2.:', nc J..1~..:cko, '¢:-::.rryin~: sme.ll itcns in c-. l2.1\:_ .. :o·. 1,._-c.rctic::fliko ~:·icc.:.: c-r- nlath 0r hc.nt:_in~ .:sscntif_ls :>Eto their bcltc nnC carryinz· th::ir ric_c. ir.. stJ2,ll rice pou.chc.s ~ =:2h-:: Chinos:::: solt.icr ~ .. .r0rc n-? r2-nk ·_of 1ns1¢n:!.['. ~n-::.. ccrric.~ no i,~ cntl~icr.~~cn __ -:JE:;)crs.. In sr~jc instr.ne::-s ~:is nc:.c:c..' r..n· unit ~.-nuj_C

be~ :)1"'1:-lt::·(. in ink 0n_ ~r_(.. 1~1!.1:-r 1.::-:ft _h2n2. sif.c of his jrckct. T~1is )rrcticr, l11FQ"{_,r:r, r.rc~s nn~

[_;cncr·ccl "';:;ut; ::_Jic~::£":"bl:T )CCV.lic-_r ~:.1l:r ~..:;--; c:::rtr.in unitE~ -C!lc ::: ffic ci' :i?1 '.r e:tn t ~ :; :::-:.·- t rr'nk .-"it"" n--: t cxist·iri the OGF. Cf:':'icc:+ .... ~ ,. nt ::'r..l5.8-t:::~' H':rc the sccc tir-_~·0 Ltntf-: n·, th~t; cf the ·::;:r_Jccts-

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DECLASSIFIED

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• Qc:·in[." ~~istin[Uish.:::;;:l only by ret!. pi~Jin~· c·n the c:e .. t slcc\.r.:;e, ·rront r.:r~ ccllc..r CLG . ..:.: on th..:: ~~-utsic""..c scarr:. cf tho trcuocrs. Gen::cl:-c,l t-:rc·.c'"o -:ffic...;rs coull"':. bG (1s~L.-;.t:;u1shod by tht:. b.:;ttor -c.-rf'.C..c :.f unifc nn rna t 2ric.l.

The PGD.'~onc cc.rriE:d by the int" .. ivill..unl -ChipcSc s·olc-:.i.:.r V£'.ri8C.. all thQ way fro;n th:: so \·Jh:.; 1..-cro cc:::!ll-:rlotcly Unv.rr.wC. ['nc~ "JGrf·"Jr:n~Jc-:. o.s s·crvics trDO)E to tl_losc !'r:Jrit lii1c cowbrtr_nts uh:J "tJcrc ari:l :C'_ oi thcr vd th ri f2. c s cr sutmachin.:::: GL::-18. It ~.rae. R;:;~jc..rcntly .tl'l: Chinoss ~Jclicy to arr::: o:hl;Y tho sB scl~~-icre lJhJ Here ['.ctu.::.lly partici:;_)atin.:_ in cCl'!lbe .. t l-r..t t.h th.: cnc::1y, such troc-;J s l:'cinG the fr:m-tlinc rifle cc~:)B,l1..ics nnf'_ the -SlJOciulizcC'. r,;:.lC.:;_r £.:1':. .rcccnnE'~issE"'~nco un:!_ ts. These tr-.:opE fer thE. ::test ~_)t.rt carri6C. ri.:fl ce-TJ .. S. l:lSlO~, J£'~2,12~288. c:r CzQct--Fith the squr:·fl.-:loc.~Lcr, ~Jcrhaps t~1u e.ss.ista.nt S·:J.~.oCL l;::;r.d0r, the plPtccn scrG.-s.nt,. :ple:t."Jon 1.::E"!f~.er- ant v.ss1starit plcct-::;on lc2:'' cr all bcinr:· C'.r'".Joc1 \"Ji.th subr!l.r.chinc t:;uns 1 ci tl-:"or th3 T~~Gl'".:"'.:::Sc·n SL<.'bnD.chine Gu..'"l cr c. Chinese C8J.1Y -::f'_ thet n,:.;::_~)OD... Cr:ntr.:-•ry to the yrr.ct;tce in thG ;krth.K.0rcr~n. anitr:, uhero. S:::.:v.iet ~.r;;t.lJOUS arc f:Ir_nisho~:. thrm1.[hc-utj no 'rblJ.crt v;as recc1 vee. vlh"tch indiccttad thc.t the Chinese trsops Yhich IY.P:Josoc'..· the C'.iv!:;lion C.urin['. tl-:..1 s ·:::; eriod. were 2.rmc:1. ,.,Ji th So vi c.t Brnf;!.ll ~!.r~nr:>. - I:p. a.=-~·:':i ticn, ir;. cF'.ch' attack aGainst cur ~:ositisnS: c:.ne" ~Jrcbably stc"n::'E'rd withii1 the Chinese s.ttc.ck tactics, th~ro r,ras !.!.n 1n1 ti2l f'.SSF.U.l t ~~lfC~ i!1fil trrttion ;rcurJ i.Jhich c·c-.r:ric;J. .6 t:: _8 ·hcri:.:'.. c.rcn;'.c:.ss but no Sf:"La~l E'~r:ns. Tl""~ese hnnc. ;:rorif'!.(' cs Hf:r~ :;ref!.omine.n'tl y of the ccncuscicn t·~'·.>-~ .?.n:1• c.·:msi~ter.:;;:..~ to .be less cffcqt1VJ tl-Bn r: rre.c;.:o::£:-ltr~ticm Lrenc0.e uccf. ur..CE:r the srunc ci:rcuiJ2tc::nc~s.. ~~EG l''itl.:out snall uro.S r1cre ti.1.f. r:22Bhcrs sf "0~1.;:. ncc~ .... 1nro:: Fttn c1.rtt':. mcrte..r ·un:j:.t$ &n(.:. ~he p.Gl::be'r.s cf· :1~.:. :~c:uo.rters nne~ service units~ !t .is c::::ncei'JGrt.bl£·, t:.:.,c- 1 t:mt there ~ .. re.s L,:enernll~- c. smflll nJ...:':"lbc.:r of. un-p'T'f'"i.t-.r +~,..,,....,,,c.·~,<:'!'"' ...... "! ...... · t-h,-,., ...... ,+,...'7'-t- ..p.....,"Y' ~~ ..... ,,,..., ~--~~~ ~-.~-'.;;'~ ,~"''-'~• -';' .... ~ ....... - ..'.Yo..><;,.U .J.U~ l,..ol;.•..t-;::,-

t.ro~ps e.riCt lc'"tS_r ~~pl.oyc;::::. c:s re,...;lc..~ce~::~·r.:.ts for frollt line lcssGs. :ve2,Pons for those l:oulC. be avt>.ilc.:..ble on the C.::.ttL::.fielCL.. :Jh~:_re::.ctcrietic of C['.'Ch Chinese uril t c;r..ccuritcr:c:. t.re.s the ·ex~ trc.rllc c"'.il.tl·ence l·Ii th 1-ihich they sLl·vnG·cc. b~.t.tlef'iclL:. .. 1..rcrl)Ons ~.r1c'l E".mf.l;lz,ni ticn, bott'+ fr::.~- t.h.cir n,.rn tenet. as ;:rcll. ap rr.::::J. cnci1y ("':.c:c~S. nn0. 1,.rounC.c ~.

The m::vor.icnt c!' tt.c 0l:incsc CoL>.munlst troD~.:-~ bcf'·::;rc· ·~D.~~~- arrlvc:.:"'.. in :zcrth Koroc. an~- b;:,:c.;"lDC en[:r.;c·-~, in cCJ~."if;r.·t ,_.rith our trcOlJS C.urin; this .:;_Jcricc""1_ is [' .J.".~tcr c:f strr~taG1c c_ons.ic:c"r£.t1qn ~,~_hict :r,.;•.•:r.l3 ·_:·::1 .:.·::-:.rl.y intent ancr TJlt'.n tt.:- trk2 --....., ..... +- in th . .. : 1x~ ttlo f·:·r I~crc[. shouic:.. tl:..:. rcrth !(~ ~;-~_n;. !'a:ll · ~:r th:::.i.:r' ··:--.1·.ril r!'l cthCJCls

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DECLASSIFIED

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nncl s'l.tr:tnl£:th. T])E g,::_v[l1C2 Ghir.ese elements uhi"ch ~:-;receded the scvC·r·el .srni-3e tL2.t; sti'.~·cc~ the cour.~.ter61'rc·ns1v'e 1n iate ~'ovBJ;.b8r hrC Or'EJn e.lcrtc~:' f'JlC"1_ r,-;cre on t)J.C r.t,tiV.t:. 1 F.CCC!'C1..i_li~ t-::· ~)ri!:>bner lnterrot:,·ation, ·pe c2.r~y r.s )~,_,_;_-Est

lP.t.h~ ~f the n-:i.v-f.nco· l"le:.tsnts, -1-:f'.is' Div:\S:tcn 'r·:ots

6~o)oscd' i'n crrly i"~'cvec-_b8r Q·: the 12ftl1 Tiv::.s:lo_n of" the_' ;i2nC.. AY:r::J.y,· 4~h F-icl\i Arny_, t-ha:..-1 tl:"J.'t Arn:::y 'tJl".S ~p~Je.rently" a~~ir:r-:C. th0 m:ts·sion of' blookinc: the most favorEbl:;; 2nC . . likely r:.~~rO:.c~es to the Choohin E nO. Fus;::.~1 ::-~E~s .'rvoirs 1..~r:t:L!. such tlr::e aS the -c.rJ.iil.:,f:;c- Cor::mu~ist f'-:)rcc F:-::.ict. \;ra·f tO ·1ccd the ell-out offcmsivc c:.-~:c.inet t_l::--· tTl\ ForceS COIJ_l(': r:'-l_(),s·c: ~n I·Torth :{.::n:-oP-.•

.. T.hO.so U11 ti~·-1 ~:t:n.c_se· Co:t·:1uni st troOPs,_ ~leu:.::nts of ~.-.rh-ich hrf~- sta.c_:oC. st:C:?cn' cot:ntcre.t"::[1C'k8 ?";t.inst ·~,t-·-~ :~-th ~.;r!.i1'< :t::-ont ~.::.:::

fore :Jullinc out- C-f .cOnte,Ct E'.n(.· CthS:r t1co:-:nts of \',rh:l.c~ o:)ljoscd the adyC.i1C:: o~ t~-~::-:, ·7-:_-;p. I~c::.r!.nos

tm~c.r_d. E-rr[!.ru-..:ri, t,•cr-:: out cf.":he 'l-_;::'13-::lt-l .. risc CCF 4:t}: F:tlc: ~;rSy~ C1.ispqs0f. in i-':2.nchur1~. 1::"-otL Hlo~1C. f'.!1.c"' just. to' _:the rr;2r -of t~12 Eai"'lchurir·.-North .Kcrc1:1, t-order. Tr~2 ~2:~6. rl.rt::~y of' tl:r·t f1:lc1 ·c.ray ,-.2.q · loc?.tod in tl"J.f H.s1lunc :::=-rcv:!.nco :l:n J~ .. !:1e 1?50j fro:n -uhict. th:;;::y ; .. r rc or..:Ere.-:-1 in Auc.ust to ~U.'1['ht,ra, Licctuns Frov1.:1.co, Ptcr..::- E1n

Lltcnsc :~eli tical tre i-n~ins ~·Jrot~n:un n~~:::: 1.:~::-1~" crte~:::cn, r:::--')f!'entl:,r to ccnd1tion the Chinc:BQ solCl.cr~ r::cntEClly for ~h,e .e:<:)ectec. 'J2.rtici:;l~.tion in the r:o~th ?or::-t_n· C1.cfcnso. ~'!--_,::; ChtncFF: -:;rcc,·);; 11-TOrE tclC o:t .th['1t_ :;_:-o1tlt th.::;.t_._U.3. :ro:. ... ccs rr::re -.::urc.hinz to?TarCc the Y-?.lu "?ivcr anC-_ :·)Lsnn~C tc ir.~.vP.dc' Ke.ncta.1.r10. ~J?:1cy · ~T<:rB al s::· l.1.3trL~c t·~d the'!; the Chir:cs,? -units ;.,r.;::;ul" hn.vc: t0 cc:~-.-~nt

Sm:.th Korcr..n, ·J~·)c.I!E:SP, · Ch~ .• tE:·s:;- ::cc,tlo~·.l;:·2.istc

ancl--~--lr"J8rLcc:.n .tro')::H~, .~".nf .o.;['.r-1:; <'"-~.:.~ p:~t}:i~-_c('

solC.icr .surrcnt".orln~ -r,rcl.:J.f. ·::-c su·:::~~ set tc i:nineC.i.2.to (i ec::._:-;;i t; ticn -;:-.3r l~.i_s :.TJ:T Cf'").f;Or-s ~

, Follo-:,·inc this ~:Jcrlccl_ 8:f tr['_.ir.inc, the 42nC" .-:..rlliy, cc:-cc:)o s eO. o-f tl:c 1 '?-"..:tl"_, 125th r n-::_ 126th _ Jivisions, crcssod th·2 Yt'.lu ?.iv:r rLt Chit.n, Z£'.a.cll.Ll_r·ia, {HE'...i.1)cjin, ~Jortt._KJrc:c:..) ;:c[;:::.ut :?0 Octo1::_8r 195C, On fo8t, ~'.:mcount-~-r:t!l,-:;:~ rccortl.inc:: tc :;ris0ners, ottt-r 4th FiJld Arn~:- units iovii1; in -!_jJ:c s~tme c~J.recticn~ TheY then ~:;rcc~:0ccl.: ~n fcot c.c!'oss the 80UDtr:inous tcrr.:::lri b;:t~-rCcn tl:~~-- Y;:,_lu River cnc~ tht Chos}:_in ~:;cc-scrvoir·, '-t;r~_v;:l1n[ '!'or si::-·· ·-·nichts·. Frisoncr intorrcp:ti:::n an-::. unit ic:.cntificrtiun in0.icat-:s th';'t t:.itf".er n.t Ch"nCjln or Kyolr:ul-11.,· n.)rtl'- of tl-•. :-. Cl-'_cshir;. :?::scrvr::ir, the l26th Div:t"si.CJn ~urnct t:::- tr~c: erst ,,.:Lcrc: cloncntS took :.:r:J bl::;ekin.-~:' rJosi tlcTIS ln tl12 vicinity of the B·usc:n- Ycs:;!->vc.lr !-~'en r·)·-,1"'---::' ch;:;P frcl!l tho· so1:~th trr:t Troulr1 ~:-:rob ..... G:::.~r ~1."~/c·" ":.-:: n :.lsc( if UN trool)s :r_r-C cr.rrj,.::;(!. cut crl-'~_r:.t·_=.. -J,~J.s :Per a-.')ntr:Jl of thi·s {_''2:tcrr1- fl.rc r._. ;.~s trL si-:~·--.-- ~ci _--<'! JV :lc:.J.::d

( 2;}

DECLASSIFIED

:.T

i·-, . .... -.

~ .·

____ _,

. : -~

··-:..

l ~-.-.


• •

. The ?t~ Harlnc:$1 in ;cv:tric' 'ncrth"'E'.rd

-along the H[l!!'.hung-HE.gai'l,l-ri g:,::J,s·, first cor:trctcc1_ the ·12.~1 tl: Ti-l ~d..-.>~,.......,. ~·,.,..,+ ...,,., .. +-l-.. ,....p q,,.::r_~·~:~· Tftrrc - --. ,....._~..__,..I..,V<I.~ J..._'"'v ,QVU.UJ.~ V-'- !...'f•··-JLlL.;J

the ~V~<?.vicst fif:;hti_n[_~ too~'i:. plc:cc, · ES tt.c 12< t'r~ t-ric::1 c~-et8r=inodli to hr-.l.t cur c.d.vt·.nc.;:.. ~he c~1-v.is1on is consif.crcC. t·J l:'"'VC boon Vi:i.-"'tL'Lrlly _0.c~ cim£>.t.:d ~rior tc its t:::tr\1 ~-ritt.c:rc.~-:['.1 to t.:..E nc-rtl"?by- the rric·rnin[ -::>f 7 ~hvtr.:bC>r. The rcmnr.nts of the 12,1th f'.nC, E'S Pf'C 1-~-t..::r ~-:r'-rn..:::b.,. ol..:·mcnts of thC .. lZ3t!l I'ivieion

1 !·Tb..ich hr.c~ ::.pv~:;C_ in tc c--:PJOr

DECLASSIFIED

;

• • .

•

•

•

Korean War Project USMC-00106321,_~

L [ -~

~

~ ~~--

=-::i-· ~

.2...:c..

~ ~

=~

~·· c...:.to...._ ~

~-

~-

: ....... -

·= ·~.

-~

~~ ~-~-=:::.....

~-L ~

s;~

t_,_'"·~·

DICCLASSIFIED

• 'i>-T -·~'r·~-

;..}~~:c~ ~~.'J':=::1. TO :UIVISICi~ S?:=CLLJ... AC':::'Io:- Ft:TO?.~

the 1·-'fitl"'_tr_;,,_~f'l in th::: ::vent '.:.f ")llrs-nit bv our

forces,. ( rc-r .. r b.?.c2i thr-:;ut<b· ?'0:· ~;c.r;-.r1 .c-_: .. c·· Yu..:· rm

nie Y:uC'r:::.-ni 1 r;n the P"C·st.:rnr.rJ.:.t 1~.i:1t cf :,:~C'

Ghn!'l~in f.~s.:rv::ir_. Has· the lc.portc.Dt· rcrt juncticn to-.:.rn ~·her-~ th-: tloocnts o:r· t~1.c !.':~!1--~

_n:r.cy ·ucrc tCll.cvoe._ by tte· 20th ) .. rr:,y, _7'r~~~ Chin-

ess ~-~n~u~l ~~ --~-~O?~) ~~ fr~-~,.t~?-,:·.-~ 9~: -~r:~-~- ~::~-:-: Of t-~t:: _Ur~. lrJ...,.J...__ -""r __ ,y 1 \-L.__. --""~-- J Ll.c u c;r-- ~_-co-...-.....

tho Yr•.lu R1v:::r ts 1~u:1ch tj_2 2ll-cut GY_,_1nce::co'JJ'l torof:fon~i vc.-

· A's· ·-r· -vio·; ~-lv q+.- ..j.. ~- ..... vh" ~r? li'i ··ld ~),\... "'-'-'.:c.;U~.JI.-J ~'-•-1...·•

.J..m.y hr~c. been st-'"'.tic·n,~r r:t Sbcn:~·h:>i :,:Jrin~· the AL'l_I;l_2il.Cr mcnt)::s ::_Jr~tr:::r~ tc l£>L~nc~,_ "'n :--;::ll)hibir:us

D.SBE'.ul t Pi__"r.fns'!:; ~-:-.r:n.-J sP. ~h:; :orr~ lt.ly ·-~ ct :r1or

e.tint Cc.:.:.t~unist -,':YB1 tion in Knrc-" i'l'.::'.:' C'hVi·"\ls

the nc cC for P..C.C.1 ti c~al · rCiflf.,_:-c :·::: n:; s r.:1·~ 1 t

Pe.s '\l:lld.'L!C~~i:mr.~-::1~." ~n .. -:;!-~~8· .. con:1L·_ct1·;n' tJ: ..... t the 9th Army G-r.::u~~·~ 3rt ;3"1clc. .:J...roy, ·~:..t_-nn its :.:::"'v:-

mont. fr:~rn th~ Qllr.n.f_'h.'li. rr2r. tt'rJt:.:i-~ :~h2 lOt~1 of

Gcpt or:~tc r t::Ymrc: l·'~f nqhuriP.. Fri s'"'n c:"rR Ftr. t c(''..

th::t they ,-;ore to::!..G in.ftii':lly tt":.t t~1eY ~.rorc

t;oinc tc l~rmchur1:- for trninin2·.. L;.tcr, 0~

the. move· int<:; f'crth ·_Kjrse., ):t"isoncrs sr.:c +.t::,t th(..y ¥J"cr.: qr·:.: :ss1n2 the Y'tt.lu ?1 v ::;r ·1n crt.cr tQ

cl.cfcnc\ Frnchurie. 2,€;F.1nst· 1JH :tnvaqion. ~he

for~.~~.rc"'.. clc;i112nts of ths 9th Fi.J2.cl.. .Ar;;1y r:.l"rivec"t

in Oh~~ntun~ ~?rovlncc £:.I"OUl1d. 13 S.S)tcb'l:>c:::- r.nfi

1n1tit .. tcc~ r. trc:.1I;L1n[ ~)rorr8.~ t~t:.t l."l.B"'J~.(, ."'S

f[l.t·· El.S. :pP.rt ct the 20th Ar'!ly .<'r8.q cono:.rr.cc", 7'or

C.:i:):>roxi1::['.toly enG f'nc"l P hal:f m::mtr.:.s. ..:..rc"L"..~"1( l~

:Nave.mtcr mov;:::z::(nt 1nt J ~:crth KJ:."'cc. ct CJ:in.n,

I·~anchuric., (l~,n~)-::·j~_n, t-.Tcrtl"~ Kcr3:~.), ·:-ee '.'::::.:cun ~Jith the Bot:-~ lJivisi.'Jo'f,- 2ctr. ~-r:.:-7 ro2J~:-tocl..l~r in

th8 l.:::r-.c:"' ~ :=.ris-;D.-:rE' sr·!/. t:1E.t th~. ol:;::.L'Dte ln

volvoC. 1r: 'the cr:'f's_il'tz r-t t:J.Pt t:!.::-to ·p·r:: t~c

Btl-, (?), ~th, J.r.~t, 13th c:1e: tnc· c•:cl·' cntl::'Lc

army [_:r: u::-· s.

S:ht:: c;::.·nerf'.l r:Ju.tc· nf r:IOV2:-J.c..nt cf

thocc t'0:r'cs.s '.TE frc·.;:: ·-~rr,:·)njin v·i.:-: I~e.::l;:.~;re e.nc1

tc cit~1er the c;ret cr :.-.r0s·'; sif_e :::f .t~;:·i Cf'.:csh!n

?~ercrV·).:i..r, r~J··,:.:cn·:.1.1nf; on ~he !nC.iv!c"',.u:::~l u·:;.1 te 1n

volvc8.. ~1"~:: 2.cth ;.rr::y r.wvcr"l intJ ~uC.rrm-Gi in

force ttrcund 20 HJvcr:fb:::::r. It ~-rc'i.·s .tn ti.J.nt f'.!"ce

thc-.t the lP.r[t: ec:;lc, c--:hrf..iur:to·.::"':. CJLmtcrr.t~:---c.J:

~oms bc[un· on tl'::~; ~1Cht of' '27 Fovcmhc;;rw A ·3.e

tc.ilcc1. study cf th~ .".::·JV6Dcnt cf t.1.c div:lei;ns

in thr:t r.rny ir. cutlinc<:;. in th8 f::-:lloulnt· ~Jor

tir.n :Jf tt.ls rc_)o.rt. It is hie:·hl:l ci[nlf'ic:--.nt

thr: t nl.L: r r::u::: r<;")-:rt s fr:-·n 'b-: th ci v ilic.ns r ncl

c1vilir.n r.2.:ntr ~-.r::: r·c r:c:.---tv::. RJ.,.J~1~· E'.·.x.-ut tl:is

time ':.rhich :?ltcc8- hcf'v:r .cn:::.~r cr:-nc.::-r:tr[':tio::J.s in

t~c ~rcn ·trt.st c:.nC'. s~ut~J. cf ":l'.r HS?.. ·J'ivillrn~

1~n hn~ ~ccn v1c+1~n ~f ~~~ Chi·1-~~ f~~~D~·ror

· r'"a~c:. ~~~:Jl=>lL:~S,-a!v.i.:ii;_ns "':_;he: ~{:~.:.---~;,_::l·~fcrcc·6. ·~0 serve ['_f:' t_-ui·".cs f-::r .0!:::- m-.).L-:-.~e:·.~ .... ;:1.~, J.ir:.·J cr.Jss~

in(. £: cnts ·-~y: tr:-vclcd :~hr--:·t'..C,'h:-:-ut -~..·~~ r-r"""

mn _,_~__;

- 25

DECLASSIFIED

. :~

,,.


~

~ ..,._.. ....

~··· ~··-It r lf I

II r, l [ r t ,_

DICCLASSIFIED

• • ~-Jest cf .k0to-r1'-~~c: .s-:-uth;_:cst. ~f ~~2.:::.":."-u--ri, .nll qvn_tribut<:.:d tc t)-:c pict~.<.ro t.r~l.iC~'1 ·ir~C:.16c:~tccl. the bncny' s .strJnf," ca:J.'?.b1lity rn~:'. ';Jrot-t.t:lo intention r:::c.s..r:~inlo· D.Qtj,.:::_r"· tJ cut ·Jur 1C3?.. Pnrl to atac;c C: .. un~sr·~_tt,:'-c:::S a;;nlqst our :f'Jr"C\.:S. All this t~as n<:atly r;m:rrned up_ by in..f-Jrrn['__ticn frr:-.m tt.rcc P~-;s cn~J·tu:rc:r.· by the ?t~1 :-1~trincs· .:::t Yucl!'.r:ini lr.tC 25 l'[cvc::fber 1950 u"hf.n th..::y S..'.~icl._ thc:-.t tht: 20th J:>J.rrc.y haC. mr:v~d saUtt.:.1'.rcst 'Jf YuCcrlt:i-ni intent _en l'..tti:ckine; _our l::me:· su·.;')ly li::lcE e.n( the force-s aloi1r; thE'.t rcute-. --

(3) S·occific Cb.,;Lnc.- "'C ·c,~C.-.·•nis~ 0 ' f .... . .- "" .._., . ..,_,.,.., ~ rn (:r. c

_g_. l24th CCF Jivis1:::-:n .. 42nc' ArDlY, i3tL -~r'?y Gr:u··J, J.t~r:t Ficlc1 ) .. r;:Jv:

i:h~ 12:1th ·01v1-si "">~ T;£'_s ·one of tho three CCF G.1V_1s19ne of -the 4~2r..;~ ~:-..rn:r:.vhich eros soC .. the Yalu ?.~vc-r ctout 20 Oatc:,:::·J'I',. movin:~ s::mti1~·re.r::.: fr:::-m the Choshin -;:..esQM"Dir into tt.c SuCLcnz- c:_rc'~ r.brr~lt 3C .Oct6Jcc;r. -:~1e Jntir-:::. divisio;; clcecc1 in_ t}:l~.t £l.:rCE:. t: .. ~Q ¢r: th1"C:2 .:::"lE.yS lrt.sr, teJ~:ing cv_?r 'tho c"lcfcnsc of' thE",t __ .r;;tlts froG th::: · liroJ.:"th K~·roC1.n units tlw.t had br en Cola~,rinr- n·:rt:'l-rrprC_,. Cct!)ose~ of the 37Cth, 37l.s:t _(.:fl·=~- ~-?·2n·~, 3.c["ir.wnts, 't.t:is c1ivisi:n _h;:"'c"'.. <::..n ::v::.:r.::'.ll a·~ro.n~:·th of frorr: lC, CC8 to ~2, 5CO. _:Se.ch rc£,:1I'1:::.nt l'u.<l three: r:ifl-3 bE.'ttal1Qi1s i-Jhilc each batt_L'.lin:t:. -.:.~.2s l'!l.E:!.C".C U~~ C-f thr:___oc_·rif'1 t~ COP.Fl.c-,n1 •"'~ pn,~ ~ ~: ~--0"\"T'_'"

~ • -- • " .L ' "~ ~ ...... " -· - '; ~ •• "

Hc.ch1nc Gun .c.~:,"' :-1r:: rtf! r: Co!'.",~)cny,. · In ac~c"'.i t 18L to hc£'c.1_quartc.rs r..1Ll serv-ice urilts, the ::~l\-iCiorl hr4 r.n-·c;rc;.::.n16 .:-.rtil7-.:.-.ry bt·.ttell:n v~1ic)~ ;.,ra.s cc:_ui~uJ.JOcj. v.rlt;l: 1_2 .. \.::.:::~_;_~~ mJrtc,rs f'~n-:".. ·; .s. lCEr:m hc:,r1 tzcrs, ~ct}J of ·"':-.r_h.1,c,J:: tl1cy uecf: of::"':;ctiv~ly c.-C e1rist C.·Ul;' CF 1 s :.·.n~"' L1stall::-tio:1S;

. 7Cf.' cf "4~1c ~c;.·sonnsl Jf tl::L 12--i:th Div:I.s10n, acq~rc~_i:~~£:" -tJ yrisor .. crs, ~.-Gr:: fcrscr oembcrs c f thE.'. 'Chin_eq e }Tn ti::>n£".:is t 2-r:...:..y nb::: hn.d bGcn_-c5pt~n;'3G. b:v- tl:.c _C:cr.u:mnists t.11rin~ ~1-.c Ch)J1cs~ .Civ_.il T,Tnr c~nd subseqv.cntl;J~ LT~~'.:c~c;:l int; Corr.r...;.tmis·t un.tts .. It is _si~n1f1cnnt t:t_::-·t -f.-:::::m~?r me:c1bcrz of the CI\~A ,_n:;rc . neve-r f-Jun:L 1:1 ,:..oB1 ti -Jns Oi' I""'Jons1bility "I' 1 .. ·or""·r·o'b\·· 0 L'CJ'1 '•.bo ··] .. - \:,.:OJ.-.. - ~ . ' '--" ._c.-~; ._;, l-_t•, .__,., J'-' .1>- ': _-

'{or[l,y·8 bc~:ix;c:; r.ccc::tpl~qhc::'~ by trust~,·ortl:-, Ccnnun.:sts.

~h~ o;ga:l.iz.itti:;n :inc co~~JC·Gi tic-n of' the l:24th. Piyis~cri fC.llo,,ve::: t{"-'-s c,Jn-.·_c:..ti:.n-:.1 CCF lines.. ·One ':::l"i Be b. :::r :J:.._t c-f t~1.2 di vi slonr.l art1llury bntt~'.ll~::1 stE'.tc("':. thr_"t ~--=-ls c.::.·:":.:--:'E'"ny, {f:nd CO.') consisted ·of.-'17::::· :-ilenJ the c::::n::i--_,any

m,..;...,c·e·:r· ·n ~s•1<:!+,..-n·t c_..,,.,.,--~,....-~ C",.,,..,;n'""-8r ,.. com c,U. ' L. .. (c .__, .:l'-'C', '._.IJ.U.:_ ,_ ",/ ,''"'·-• ·'-_' I 0.

-.... 11tlc..,l 1nst:ruct::o-r c-T:;· --n '""-:--1o~-...,-r+- ·"clit"~cal

·r~~trUctOr·;· r6,;r :~+.(t~~-~-.1;_.. ~-;~~·: .:-~~~;:-:3_-ju;rt~rB plato6n End ti:ree urt111e1'y fc~.tso)1S) :-.no. th:ree iiLSSibt&nt ::.lL.toon :t.e~:G.ers, ~he 1-.:.c::~.-.i.:::J.U~-~:::"'tex"s platoon uas ec~uipped_ vtith tl>ro horsesJ ::;r:e ror

DECLASSIFIED

: _., ;

• .,

,.

• .. ;.


::~~ -

~----

~~~ -

3:-

~

Fi.i;:,t·· ~

~-'--

----

DECLASSIFIED

• the com~Jr.ny comD?-ntLcr t:i1(:_ Jnc· f·Jr' tho coric:lunice:.tion_s oq_u1grr.cnt, :lr-'J'bf'.bly c: rc~(ic.. '.i'V.C ~-f

the E'rt1l1 cry plF.tc.ons hE'r~ 16 horses -~roch- ~n( ni th tnc l05':L hCJWi t z ;;rr 0<' ch 'i:hB f·· L~rt:-.~. ::_;lc.to,Jn 1·-T.a b. ·::>6rvic2 Jr E:..~...:.T:.uni ti:-ri·~-:i--lr-tc_cn 1-.rith ~~o. horsC'E f·:)r···car:Pyin6 ari:mqriltl·J:p. 7f:c ccm:_ e..11y hr:( .? ·totel cf 108 rq'unCl.-s :of lGf:mr.1 PlTJmGniticn. 'rhe F·f-: also c:.. ..f_orr::1cr ·2:."'-t;inL:'!.list, snic-:. thc.t .-:l..uriri[;' hiS tr..;o _ycc:r_s· in t!-:.: ,Cc:_z~,unist

Amy he h.?.d rc'ccl1/cC. ::JT'E'_CticPlly · nc· mili tr.ry · treinin~- ri:t f:'tEl.-tcC. thet :Pc-li ti-cal· tr2~·1ninf{ Fcts ccnsi:' erct ~D be the .hJ_oSt ir:n-:r.to.'..nt cf nll. ~aCh C0fi1.~Ja;1y h2C. ·£.. ~Oiitlc.BJ~ 1iH~iruct·-:-,r ,.,.he lcc'!:iu:rtc1 s·c:vore.l hC'-urS ·aHily on Co:nr;unist r""'..-. ... +yo'l·_,,.._~ CH.,_.;;;.....,·-:_T;,....,·.~- 1 ~-t:;.r, +hr- P11T Q-}~-t,-f' \.cVI...-1.>--'-"~'--'-"0 "-"-'-U'-'..- v;''""~.·- _....,_;:-"'-'·~1 ·~•_•>• ~ ••· ~---·- ..;, •• 1

much eo~)r..e.sis 0.urinc the l::ctur3G :-r['_s ~-ivcn

t ~ t~l''s o·1 11 ~""'cr1c"n Iml'""·Y'i...,l' s~ 11 '-' c. _.,_ . l --:--·• '-- l ..... _ --- -~- ..... ·" •

- :. ' .. Th: r.1iss1oD ·cf tl1.0 12·~th Divi

sion 1 Jns to blOc:-t:·· .tt.c' :::.ovb-J:.:"rit ·')f the 7th H2.rines to .. c~rc~ _.the- Ch0shin -:2cs:i-':t:'·ir-. ~hs failu::.~c o-r t:_t•,t <liv .. io1o~1 to 'cc:.-rl'"'Y .. cut. ito miss;totl T,,~as cuic:<: P.nd 0.sc1E'liVc. Onr e.~~tf clt bc.[:P.n ·c:-.t noon, ·s Eov61.1bor ant hy"~ri!.t;~tf.o'.ll of 6 ~.,.cv~~b~-r t'ht. ·ref'l!!Pnt.e:· .. o:r _PJ 0nc.:; ful~_ strci--cth o.iv1s1cn hcfl_ becun 1 t? hc-_sty· rotrC:c..t ·ncrth~JPrc-:. to1.:-r:.rt. Er;:_·qru,-ri. Th-:- :J?Oth enCL 37;Lst :::·.eci:-:cnts hne. s:r--:tCr;cSs1ve.1.y been d~fcD.~c_c~ i_n fi.:rcc ~-;r-·'-1n~:.

a.ctio:1 r-n"::'_ l['.te· on .t~:? 6th the 0'72n(~ .Jc['i!!cht,. mavin:~~ u~' fr:::-tr. 1 ts rss.crve ~::osl tlori., •·n',B virtu.:-"11~~ ~nr:.:t.:::l.~.l.t>,tc . .:-'1 -by f.. heavy art1l2._ery C-t'.rrF.CG

tJhicl:l ctuf~ht it ripvtnJ: up lnto :Y.'Js.it:tcrr en;:_ hill ,;hic!;l hcC' ~JrcviollG2.y b~en·holC. bllt VDcctcd by o_ur t~oo __ !S.. The e:1e7y w1 th:'..rc:, .. • ·out cf' contGct t1~rt B·"-~C' n~~ht.- ~o coVer tY~c.t •.-~1 tl:J.Crc:-"Fc.l,

cle!ncntr:? of tl"_-c: l?.Cth Divisiq·n; +.•hi.c!J. l1£!C s:en only ~)s:rcl clc-cs:1ce r:.r-::;unc< the_ !"aDcri'::ctnrvol~, nGvcC. intO thr viei~ity·or Xcto-ri_ o.lonC the cast s1Gc ·o~ tb·:: He:':\. The l?S-:;h u"as ncvrr Lnc;v.[cd:, tr-.. e u1 thc-:rr--'-·f-'.1 of c;_ll CC:T -~1rii t s f;o yL:.c

bccG offccteC, bY tht~ tine the 7th- E:-1r1:-,cs r~r.chcC..

the- i{:Ctc-ri £·.nC'_ t::..:; ':S'~C-tcl"'l,l.-rl E\r-so.· s·~

. . The orily T.~)::._Jc,E':r,;-~nco .or 21":Jcr i:-1 'the. sL,,::··:·or-: -c:r···chinPs:~ ':_r'lf:~_r,tr~,r ruo :;ercc"', C:.Fr'int· tY18 :ri(S:~inf:· -:._rh~n_ th.:- ~ ~--~1th Ea.Shv.~C. (t~ort)1 Kcr:Z'n) r:::'nnk :Zrccps L•ccirl-nt). cc:::1i;t:i.ttc.cl 2 [r:~~=-· ·c,f five ':'-3~ ·:~crt~ ;cc:rcpn-mc."rlncC:. te,n~;:s. ~.}'._ost

tv.nks 1 tt..c r::.:::n<::1te Of the _C:4<:~th,, ;:-nv· ..:.1 "S"GJ.c rcslstr-.ncc tc- cur ·.C'::"'.v.'"1ncc ··c~s _they Fore- ~~noc~~-' (i. out l?Y 3.5 !cc::ct ~·nc -7Smr.: r::Cr--,i~l~,:;ss .::_:u)1 ·n.::.·cs.

FT_s.:..s~:tC thr:~ -hc::-.v,tcs_"!;- ~sr·?~~ :to thO 12~;th :Civi"s1c-n · hr'C. b::·t-t inf:l.'ict~_.c. by r.r .... t:P.l cry f'ir.::, r.n~: 'th~.t r. c.:::::-:'tin.'"''+:l.-.r. --;f ir:frntry", art ill C!7 .t'.:T' Pir r ct !:::n ~-::.?.::'_ · C: ~r:..:-~.': tb:-· ~,_1 vis ion s,o th?roc.thl;:/ t~l:-o_t .n= ;:-:·_::-.rc t~:r r .3 J r -~~ "-:"' -1-;h ~ Or1[':l.nr'). l~ 1 ~(C _:::i"fC'Ctivc:·s 1-:cr;~ 1.-.f~:. ·--~~ r- ;-roup.

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• S?Pib • "C·.,.--<"\~M

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E·orrt£.r 5t,l{ cnlullin o.f th:: n'Jrthcr-.,St Dcr.cccrc.t~c United A:~~y,. :1t ~,ras rcfl.-Js.i~n£~.:!:;0;::: the 12n:C. ;;,r_p::y C.ur;trig t~ ... 2 z-cnc:i'c-J_ rcor;:~nizE' .. t1vn in !\·.v-:.~rr:Ct,T lC:<f:: ... The 13th, _14th c:.l'l.C 15th :Jivisicns · 1-,roi.: rJC.cs~[nct ~-Gd '"Els the l2~'.!:th 1 l25th anc~ 126.th Diyisiofl:e_. · In- the· s~)rine:.; ·cf 19.-.::9, BC11JJ'f: ·p:r tjlc forr.;::.:r Chinese· K~ti,Jr~c.lis't ;,:hu sur:rcnCcrcri_ tc thG. C,o.:-;r~·-unist.s at :Eckint; in Je.nUCLi'y 19~9, 'uerG reor[Rn.:.zcC_ as th::: 3Eth !nCLc}.Jc:ndent Dlvf~ioa· c,pC .. _nttPcbJCl. to tl-... c -.:-2nC Army. Except rcr the 35th Inc,_c-)cnclont !:l.ivisi-:Jr..,_ the ~2n,¢:, ~~i-xy.-·~s. illr~d0 Ul:; ·a:r )crsOnncl o:;:-i[inul:)..y of' tl1e In.dG:p.cndont D:1,vis1on of ths E'£,st_ Lit:.cn:t.ns l~::l.i"tf"'-'X'Y 1)18t.t•it:t, ···hich T·.Yf'S the bPckbbno ot the 8th Cclu.on before; it P£:.£ roc1csitrie.tec. the 5th ·co~_umn~ · The- ~£:.5.n s~:urcc a:r oc.p:;;m•rer ~"tn·.:;; t:-1.-:: South Lie-ontn~·. 2-.r:::r.. ~1-:..is un1 t teo!<; p2.rt l.r: tho Ed€",G cf Seu'Jil1;:'chich durint_; 11t.y 19~: 7 ;_. the be. ttlc of 3.:-.. i chen€_;. c~llrinc; Decrober 19~7~ rnc;_ __ in 'tb,e ~:t~oyP._n~· Ci1;::-:_ -~nshe.n bc..ttios of FcbruP.._:ry_ J9_4~ •. .hftc:r the rcorLan-1 zciti on o_t' !:!ov: ii~tbe:;r 19~8,, the_ ·~?..nr,:' . .nrmy e.cccrr.-:yc.nicd the Fcurth Fiolc'. __ .. .:q::·ny in-~c .China phcrc -"!+ +r-.r.1r ~..,.,_.,f. ~n +-,._,-. n~'-"-.1-...-....,; ~~.::1 <""-:···""''- 1"11-~ ..... ..,_.., ~··"-'"-'-: -~-~ ... ~ ...... ~_ '-'f.J.W '-'L.-_~l'-'.J.<-.-J.. <7-•llu 7 :r-u.vu v;..~-.LU<--

CB.mpr,'1c;ns. It Cove.c1 nor.thnr~rcl. frop nc-rtl:"r.rc"'. ,_tram .. ; :'::~E:D[tt;.ng ?r0vinc e during JJ,:tly 195C. l_ihc 35tl'~ InC:.cucndent D1v1ston '1:.re"s not ~ (ent:l-:ri c;C. i·ri t~ tho .. ~2nc:. ~;.rmy in r..rorth ior.Je.4 : t is p;robc,b.lc. thc.t these "::;:rcops v.•E;:t:'C i:1tct:rc::t;:;d into tl~c; rc;;u].nr C1i visiOns cf t;h.::· arny [~s

;: c.ce'_Urio of avcrstrsl1£·t:1 in· the -'-1.8r1t. ~~ rmy of dr.....:nGse sclC.icrs, c.ccorc-;,ip;:_: t·J __ Jrisonor intc:"rQt;:f'.tion, tlrny cf t:t:s t+oo~)S i-T:Jrc ut.ilizec1 as ·f"o-.rncrs, f:.\Ctvry t·r·Jrkcr's fnd. lc:.bor..:.rs • Aneth or rcr.scn f'Or sucl: u.s2 r:f' !:J.i 11 ~.rry p.?T'sonncl 'PF.S the acute ehcrtc,r·c of civil vorkc-rs fine tc prcvi.Jus uc.r c::-;f'U..:.".l ti ~ s. Po >:Jcc_pc~1e t.rero i.n th~ hr.l?-:is qf ~OOl)S c~t th2t ti:no 1 aucl::. 1/TtX--~:::cns t)cin[ cc:ntrc:::lly loo.·~t o~l_ in st.-:r£:.g'J e.reE:.s. On :::!~ Aucust 1S5C~ the -~,2nC:_ ).rmy •-.rc.s orclcrcC. to ini ti:-tt;:: c:::tt::n_.si ve nili tc.ry cnC l)O~ ~itic.:_l tr.?..ininG.. :cr::-:-_:;hc.oizcc:. in thG trr.ininc pro~·r<Ri T·,rcrc c"..c.f'::;ns1v~_ tcctics ~-Gc.ir:at both frcntc.l anc:. flEnkinG a·~tacl{s, ~lone ~Ti th f'. :1hysic.c_l c0ric-;_i tloninr: ')ror:rc.m. a-:1 of wl' .. ich lc.s~Cc1 for r.~.;r:roximei:cly it .:ncnth 2.W~ c:.· hr~lf. ~lcc""ir.tcly u~::-on ccss::ttion of this tr,...,_ir:int: tb.:: 42!K'l_ ;.~WY cntrrin:C. f:Jr th-2. 11anChuri~n ?crC cr.

.As-sir·ncr_~ tl1;:-. r:isst::r: :·.f ::-t.w ~..,:'.'.L .:L1:-. E'n.-'1. u1~)1nc ~~t -~U!' :rorc.:..s Et ~(u:::.t:-!.li .:.:-.~y.--:. ccvc:rinb 1ur ESJ. in .LF'n;r ~)l['_CQs r:t th;:: se.:J::. ti:>::, the

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20th P~rr:.y bc:re th-e ~Jr\1nt of' th.J n.~.s-s:lv2 Chinese Oo.t:1.-;:.un1st c::;untc-rcf-?0nei";c T_rhich '-r~s- le.unchcc'.. ncninst t:tis Division r.ncl tr,rfl ,br:.t:tnli ~nt: c:f' thJ ?th !rS<:ntry Div~si0n :fn the Chr-nhin -=-:cscrv-:-ir e.rct". an :?7 E'.n.:~ ·2e- r::--::vc.r..1bc.r l95C_. .Consi:-.t:.D;::_ -Jf its rc[''Ulr:.r -livisl_.::ns, tho 5€tl1, 59.tb. 5· _ _.'1( 6'ct~1

f'.ncl. f-P: .,e:rtrrc :"'.ivls1cn, tho 8£th, th~ ·20th Ccr::_Js he.(. c·r·o.J?scd. the Yalu ?dvcr ovor :>. poric0. of ecv·c:rt:.l. ~~~:yo e'l""cunf'l_ ;c rovG!!Jbcr, ::.nc1. hE',(. mz.rch::;J. on fc-ot [t_t nit:hts thr.)U[;'h Yic1_ftL1-r...i a.n_c'.. r-. fm.r miles tC: thp snuth, sc-uth'i-Jcst ['.nC. -soutl1c£:.st 1·!h8rc they toe·}:: U) ~)n e i tions to ,":!.1:.rt.1 t tho ett:.cl: cl.['_tp, rrhilE; -oti~_::-r clCmcnts· _of the 9th .Amy Gr-:Ul.J fqllouGc1 thc;;1 intc-. ~hr.t_h· K-;rce "E'.i1C':.

into :t;hc Ch-:-shin _:Scsc_rv:--1r r_rC;e. :?riSCi1crs ~nd civilinns told. o_f tl;.Q £:.::".vunt cf ncu t·rco··JS fr01:1 tho ncrth _1nt:? this arc£: 8~-Vc-rr:l --~_F'..ys. :rr1or t--:; the ~.ttC".ck; rt:-ports s:;:.iC. they 11.r.:.rc :-lOVtT ·trco~,-:-:s, "lith hich U>J.r·r~le a!..:lc"..·-cr-c_ct tC',lk r:-:.b::;u·-:; \•.:-l:::.<''t they 1ritcriC.cc1_ to \:1-:: ·vhcn t!1£"·y'· rc1."'cho::. ~~onsP_ri-~ A Ci71l-

1an [Uide rc:pcrtccl th~t tl:Cy h~..-7. ~ovcc1 intc Yuc'..C'm-p:i an the n:tzht of '?.o'"' F0VC'r:ihc:r; rr:li:ivc-~. other CCF 1,:ml ts •ih.t Ch l1t;.C. "b,;_ en :;hc'.r·: (Cel.icvcc< to be clCnOnts of th;:-_·- (2n0. _;r:.:~' ~nC~ ~::;rcb"bl?

tho 124th r..nCl ·126th. ~ivisic;nS), rnf. hr>C. Fcitn n::;r,.r nne."'_ rcVtrs·ible ;:::r.::en e-;nc::." •_·,:n,itc uniforr::s. ~lcr1e:.rl~s

of the 20th Co1·,)s here urtquosti0n:bly ":tc:_m ~rr1vi:nt::" in this locc;.le E).S E-Erly 28 15 rovemb8r, L\CCJr0.in{;' tc civil1c:n l"'Cl.Jort$.

trhe first to b: c-J~!!:ittcd, the R9th· Divi£!1~.hl. ·u-2.s esstcn.;d. the missicn o-r e~tr;.blishin~ rc£·.0_ blo t?ks ccl:-nc the ro ~d. . from _Ht.[,e.ru-ri to Yt:J?.PTI-n1

to hc=.c~ u~:::i" the_ r.C.VE!ncs_ C'-f the ?th L·b.rii.~Cs. Acccrc11ng to E'.- Cr"~~Jtur:--:. on~·:1y .r._,JcU.J:J.Gnt, p:-ob£:.bly

vrr1 tt en_ by En o·::-ri c cr cc '2·:':: :r)v c:-:ft: Jr, it vas lithe rrS1)C:-lsi1:111tY of -th·: 89t:1 "Jivisisn t~ ch2cl: tho 'cnCrr:.:Y £'.nC' r.n0t1-:.cr ~1visicn +,--:;· ·::-Ci.v.::-.nce f-:::r .• ~2r~l. 11 • r£c c...ceol2i_hl-1sh this _.::::iss.:L:m,- the -99th cct-U}J

numerous m;.rthon, loc-: "rnc~ h-::.:-:vy reel: rc-r.C. blocl{.s, both b--:c:by ti':.P:J,:;~:-:. Tpri th hnn~ t__"rjnc.C_c clusters f'.ncl lincC vit:!:! :::"~r~loSiv;;.s. Th-3 snc:r::r r.ls<:; blu--.r cr~ tc:!"s in thE: ;.~~~~ bC,;:".. At th.; .ct~J'10 ·, tin'C tho 89th DiV1_s1on lJC.s r:ls'J ocCU'Jicc1 1rri th tl:c sat tin;: u:J of o1e.bbr['_tc cntr::.,nchocn-ts al::)ri~ t~1c 'h1zh croU.iic''_ 2:-Stri-:--:..e the ro~Q lc~dinf:: t-:· YuCTr:-ni' \tithout ~-DY Et_t::;tlpt tj Et~".::_."C (', ,:_sfcn;sc £.[:t~inst our 0~.vt.tJ.cc ·frorJ thc,CJ ~ Tho~r E'.=_))~rentJ.y figured ln ·t;hC luHL-rc·.nc;c CCV _}lt.hs fer the: .::nvc::..o~_)mtnt

cf cur ftrc::::c r.t Yu~-:'::nn-n::. s1nc·c tJ.'looc Sc:-:-fc ·cnt:rcncl:ur..-cnts· ~-rcrc ":.ut- t.c c:tt'ChSivc us-J f'e thr: Chinos:::: c~J1JOSC-'~1 :-:in" f:vc::::.t_Lt."J. '.-ri th-.=":rc.~.'::'.l fr-Jr:! the Y".lC.tr.:i:~~ Pr:-;:·- It 'Ts -rr ?'2 :~cv-:::_·1:=cr 11.rhcn the firet C•Jr:tr ct ir:i th -th,: PS't~ 'Jivlsicn nn.B n~C'.c by tho lst 3n, ?tl'l E"rinc-s, !~f. -~;;:"]_;- cn:::.::y bcg2..n t-:- Ccf.::·nc~ s-~;::c -:f t.''l.:: .c.rr1~r ":"· ··"' 1-"l.cckB h-=:

h['.C!. const:·uct.-:.C'_~ leT 2ntific.~.tL, ·-:! -"" t;~--c 2S7th

Rc[inorit· Pt:.s r:~c.d.o on the '20r( ~-~:-:. ~----:: t·•r' -y·e ''TrJ cu.;_::--'r.Lt:r•vd.. Int<:rr=ct.->;i;:ri r:::V.:-c-.1 ~.::1_' ·t:·_ ,....rc:}--.bl,:;

- 29 -

DECLASSIFIED

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•• • ~)rcscncc ·cf the 'Jt:b..c~ th:~<~~ C:l".VisL::.llS ::-.·~:-~c~rhor.: in the tcn~:t'~.l nr0r.

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Arr.:.y Gr-:L!T:; h.rCL ontcre:d rc-rtn. Zc:-r::.£'. r.t tt.c S."'.LC tir:::c as tho 9th.. ~his initiPl cl~_i::..l ::bet t~c 89th .Jivisio'ii T··c:ts ill -_th'D ~Ott ;.r::~r r-rns not tee n.ccc:i.)ttiblc tuc. tc ~-ll :;;Jrcvious -'Jr.,;> cr · 6f t:_r'.ttlc l'i.sts cc:rryir;.~· it :.s ,';', r:1rcb:::r of thC. 3Cth • .:..rmy. ~tfbr-rtnnrn+ (i,..,r>l1!:.1"nt:~ r,ni'' '1·4+-""'"""'·· "'""~'"''"''"' ,;.. .... n-. '---·~ ...... ~-...-~·" ~--'"' V•.o.u'-'. "·••~- _..H<> __ ...__.._.J.."....:~--~u.>..•.-~J.;;J ~~~ Vt.:

conr1rmcC'~ such ~n c·r2nntzatir:n as r·osult 0f posciblc c~.rlicr -::i~Sclutl'J,n cf -~:1-o 00th 6r~y ..

In~tir.lJ..y licht 1 the rc?istanco 0f the 89th Division 1ri.ereC~.sd:='. GB •.rc n·J)roc:.chc(. Yu:".c .. nn1 anc':, T.:T.s s~uCh:irp intorc.tttoniiy thr·=~~c_·lr;t;_t the 2S e.nt_ S.7 F::;v.:.~bor r.s b::th t~10 5t:-.. r n( ?th Hr·_rinCs ::-.c.v~t!cC~"'. 1-!Cst•-.rr.rt fr"cr__;_ Yu"t'.n-ni.. ~r..c cnc:ny bc-[f!.::-1 his hc~vy ccunt.:::rcf'fonsivc rt rbout ~co2·h,~ur·s; -,·::? ~T.Jv·ceb:~-~:.. ~1~t;3:~;;--,~i;~lt[:.ncoc~clY bot._ tree BtL c.n,. 7t':~ _L.in" _,c_i .. ono-•

.hl thcu[::h tho 2Cth -~rey _ ~rr.s :2~1~2: r:10ct· -:f the uork in teh2.lf c.f the C8Y' off2rlDiTJc 1 t}:cro uG:rc E\.lsc clc2cn~s cf' -tb,.c 20th ::..nc"'!. 27tl:-c. ;_r.c.1ics 1-.ri th1n the ;;encr.J.l £!.r_r:r. Or slcr;.ly r.rr.i vinL. -:..c.ch c1.t~"'J ~ ':'he 2 is_:_,c;si ticn ·::-':f ths 20th, r~nc.., 27th -~ ... rr.1y divis1cns en the ni[ht o:f 27 r·cvc;r:1bor ~<"-em tho countcrc.ttc.cli: began rqns f,s foll'J'4,2;

Yuct=-ni: 50)th,Division - Frobablcr c:xrj•11 ttc··.-. nll tl:rc<.:. r2~"i~cmts on 2? f.~ovenb:;r: from Cut c.f the scutht-,~cst 1.rher.;. they· ha::-:. bocn c:.iS::_:-os;:.:( c.lcn~: the rcc.ci. lct.'_c-::.ing tc Ch?nt·:-ili.. BJth 5th r>.nC 7th l{~rincs units· vcrG hit. 5?th trm,~ b£.c~\: nt c:.r-_yli;:;ht.

29th Diviei:Jn ~"").ll thr; · rc.-:i:Jcnts of this ~-:.ivisicr~ r.tt.:-~cl:0-::1 fr·:)L: tho ~.-.rest ~De~ t~1c· ncrt~~Jest nc;r-.1n£t h::-tl;. TLe ftL ,?_0t ?t~1 ;_:~~riDcsj stc.r:_Jn~: their r. ~t.:-:.ck r~l en[ tho r JE'..C~~ '::h:ic.t 1 cr~.t:.s fr.oc Yu·_:;r:r::-ni ,_.rtst•-::rr~~- tc 11lu~~:-Y'-1DC:--ni. ~.:..~t.scl-,: Y,T[\8 broken off' ['~ftcr Ctc-1.yli;;ht.

(70th Divie-io~J.- ~~- ur.~.it cf tho ~7t1-:. =!'!:lY b'.!.t r:n intG.__:_-rr .. :;. :.J~ .. rt cf t-ha ccr_;rC..in:-_-:.tcC. c.tt:'cl~, tl1c 7'?th pr.:;-~tt.ly C()::J.IT:.itt.-:::Ct ell ~llr, u u{' itt' r::;~:ir:t.cntc r<·c.inst ·"U::' n-:rt~l.;:_:rn t'lr .. nl:, c=--.ning u-.J the c:.rnrs .::--.ri(:. v~.l:!..~ys 'rhich 1:::::'.. out cf th;--h~ch cr~u~C. ~~:Rt ,.,reB~. =f th·: r,.~s ,.=~~:~;r L:,~o.

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n .... rth .O..L ..... u ... _~-~-1-ni,~ "'"nt. ?9th, _,r~ ..... , ... hy h ck....c. ll=_) by thE 8J.st :::)j_visl.on,_ sh,;rfrr:c'. Ei -::;cnC',city n:::t c"'.eocnstrr.t·cc. by tl-:.~ C.ivisi-=ns ·-:-f t~:o 2Ctt. ~.:.~rmy 1:..1 thr-.t_ :!.t cc:.t•ri':~ c:n- its :"'..tt!--_c~.;::s c.;:--:o.1nst the 5th rr.rinc s :--.11 niz.): t c.n::.., t~~r::-·!..~i~h(' u't +:h.:-- f:: llo~J-1n,.. ~""Y I"!]"i.1t---1·11n,... itr< ·--r.,._..,.,.lr- ,..-·~ins+ -u.r "--- ~-C.L J _.c, • :.:.._ • ~l.; w ,-' o;.,:::'""' '--' .__,r;:-:c. u ·_. 1 ~,_.,,.,.., ,-,,.-,+'f'l "1 I~~-~.;..,~~ \ ...._..._~u _ _,._, v.qv~-'- .L. - L.:V...! .. ~'0.L ~; ..

Ea;·nru-r.i~ 58t1: :Uivisin:- ;- c:I:.::.ittc::.. on 27 l'1c-vc::::.bcr, i't M?.S C,te:Jr:S:--;C':;, -ri'·1ti"l_~ 1_,_;x~11 t.hJ ncx't ni;-ht, in -tb~ f:..--:usos r-,n-: vi2.l:-<_·.: -:.·::.-:::::n:_· ::he

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Korean War Project USMC-00106327~-

DECLASSIFIED

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v.'"'.~lcy cnC:. rcrt_ 1<Th1ch r:--n s:::.uthT~rz..-.st fr-:--1:1 H['_;-r·ru-ri tc'l?.:-:..rc"'- S;-._lJlr"ac-:Jyr-nc. (N::Tt~1 r.nl. Gn.st cf · H2.(T.ru-ri the r;:;st_ sf the '27th -~rmy b::r_-r.n 1 tE f'.cticn r['f'_inst u.s .. :.,.r~;:y units}.

I:oto-ri: 6Ctb Divisi0n - Dis:_)ss.-:;c"' .. ~-!:s~t cf cur l·'LS: an:-'_ bctP;::cn :r:-· . .::.ru l-1 P:.nc~ KS>t."-ri, 'tl:.1s c~i

visicn hrf 28 ltS m~1n.~iRairn the S~Vr:rin~ or cur SUlJl:iY line. It .n-:;:vc·.:t_ intc 1 ts )t;Si ti,..ns r.lr:n[ tl:c rn-"'( ,..,_urin[. the ni[.l::t -:';f 2? l~cver:-Jbcr,

<'..ttr.ci{int:. r.ur c;nvcys on the fo~lo,.ri.n[ (f'.y.

•

~he 20th nrny !TlF· in tr.incc'. th2sc sn:::c rcl'"' tiv.: ~Jositl~·nE u:J thrauch 2 Dcco>nbcr, '_~ith the :-:~oc:yt;1un c:r the. 89th l::iviEi:::-.-1, ~rhio:'l :Jrcb<bly l:-3-c.~nn its movor::cnt te- "::h: sr~thvrcst to~r;_no- Sfchnn~

ni E~.nr:. EuJ:~su-ri en r:ato t:> li~f'.J"Jn-t._ -r;.~' for fur-t.hsr r.ct.j_cn ...,~-.nj_;tst .. ,ur J.i"S~::L It l_r.t:T Fns :1:· cnti-ficc~ arc-uw~. lC ::J.::c:::r.ibc:r in the SuC'.~:nG F.rca •

.As c:y.r r ... ::_·i:-1cnte h:i::T.n th~ ;.;r:t thc'..rr-:·.'fcl fr-.:.:r: YuC£lr.1~n1, ~--;-rcssur8 e.:.;ecin_et ·the r::.::'-"T ;ur_rC. 1.rc.s rnQint['.intd b;y" the 79th :Jivisi.cn c.nc'. ·):::rh~-,~s the 8lst, uhilo the 59th Diviei;n furnieh:x'. n~st of the o:J~:icol tlun t·J tho· fc~"":tal"'O:. cl:r:~c·nts, f.cfcnf.in~: ficrc.cly f'ror.'. ;_)reyc:.rcd high ;;rcu::1:-:. ~-_. .. J~::itir::ns, llc::-.v1est in the :::,OCO fc·ot mr.·unt-:::.1n :):J.SE l:crls, nnr:. lr-~ur~chin;_:: Hlmost :! nc( R~Pnt nt,t['_r,}:i!l n.c:_:2-inBt the :fl~.nl::s of thD tv.ro-rc[:imental c:-nv:::rs. In"tcr~

rD[T.ti::Jn. cf ~Jrison::-rs· rc'vealsC_ th~.t cmcny c~suElltic£. ho.c'. be on hc:::--.:vy, nQt ·only fr-::>f.l .?.ir .:r.:.( ::rnund act1ci1 tut c:.:.lso as r.2su:.t o'!: tl1e sub-zcrc:-- c-:lC .. At this sc:.tie tiEie, th8 5£th Division hLC. tri8C. on tt-to C.iff::ront occasi;:.ns tc cv:r:"'un cur ?CSiticns nnr' the r~ir stri~::: ~-t Hr.cr_ru--ri, '"D:3e en the 2Pth enCI c-nc3 .:n t.·L~C 30th ·:;f ~J.:,vG.!:lbor. Eot~'l Gf"forte v.-cr.::: costly P . .iY~ -Lmsucccssful. ~-rie-ncrs

8e1 f ::_rtill.:ory fire- bro:t.;:; u~_::, r.n .'Ltt~c~~ ~:.l.r.nncC f.;r the. nir;ht c f 29 ?::v c!J.:,cr. In the :::1 ;:;r..nti:- c, the 60th :Uivisi:-n h'Jrt strt;_ck out r.t :·ur c-::lT'i."OYS '':'"nC. haC~ cut in mc:.ny ~Jl:E".CC? _tL.o :.fSR bztPcQn ~-:r-;_·2:-ru-ri

nne~ Chinhun~-ni. It ~lsc lslmcl"l:J·~:. <', str~n~, rs::-imcnttl sizer'i_ ettc.c~': flf}.l.inst th .. C: 2nc-_ 5n, lst !·1-:o.rir..os,. ct ICct:-J-ri •

.h.s cur r,.rith'.;ron~-~c.l 1Jl?.s cffuct0::1, ·t;:-:o 20th Arr.ly c:..:Lvisl:Jn mov~:;c1_ 8-:JUth 'eimul t:..:.ncously. ~·1;st nf' t:hn .!" r.t:l jTI r.;-··ai.nst C·Ur ffiGVC O~ODt by the 2C:t'h A~~~--1~2.s-furnisEc::1 b~r tho 6Cth :Oivisi·:n ~~h1ch crrC:.ue..lly shift.J ... ."~ its_ strcncth s 'JUth~)QrC E'r-:ur..c!. K·"tc-ri rn~1 t-:; the hi[h cr:-;unc"". ovorlcok;inc t:1c cirou1 toEs r-:>,!:l.C. bctii-.~cGn Ectc'-ri ~nC~ GhirLhun~·-ni. (3c.:-.vy rcrist:-nco fr--::rr: ::-ir:.;__'.'" .. ru-ri soP .. tb.re:rc"'_ ,, .. '['S

alsc l):ffcrc:("'"'.. 'b? :L ... :ra .. :nts ::·f th..; ·n_ .. i-,rl~r-crrivc.c"' 25th _:.,_J.-·!::.y _;_H'-::,bti:.ly ::·tt:Cr u-.-. -4" f::.J.r c"'_ivis-3_"".ns).

~he C.ivisic-il~ol ~,.-r_Tn:i,zr~t1 r.s, ,J_:_1..~1:_>-·,cnt cnc-1

s"':;rcnci;:Jl c..-.nf~r::r.:·". f_';:n ~r['_J._ly t."':· "':;he C'-:'t~'\ronti:-nr:'.l

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DECLASSIFIED

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Korean War Project USMC-00106328r-----l ~

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DECLASSIFIED

• • ' 23t;L nrmy (li:)Ij_)S), 9th -">-rrt:y ·3-r·: u-J, :.Jr;~. :B'~.-:::-1:::.

-~my:

~he -26th _:..,rr.1y rnc•V ::- int-J t~1c Ch:J shi:-1 }~ c s e:rV-Jir r-.rcr n.lJn~ tho ·or:st si .;)8 s~1~:.rtly ·~_ft-::r th.J 20th hrn~~ 't.;snt iqtr: YU~1 fJ:l.-n1. _;,. :(.? C[.~ tu.rcCI. D.t ;:t"tC-ri en 8 J..!cccmbc.r s-::.1::" .. tht.t the cr.tirc 26t.r_ ;.my (~c~Jrrtcf'_ 2hftn~:hc~i b~r tr~i~ ')D 17 Oct,-:::r. he sr.1cc he hcc.rCl fror:l r.n cffic~r on t:'lc s~C::Jc c1P.y ti.u:..t.o tl:tc 27t:l ~~nCi. 22th =rr.1i.::t> l1r~j- [~lsO lett Sl-k'1n[ho.i fer the Hhnch·urinh 'bcrc1cr. ~he 26th nrrivca. r.t Sh.:'.ntuUc !'r:":'7incc rt.n-:~· rostc:. fer 2b~.ut six C.P..ys, durinr ,,_,hic:h tin:: tllc ~Jris-:-r,or 6&tt~ he "tbfj2i'VcC'~ .;-ne:ny trr.in l()r .. ~ s 01~ trcc~-!S

::-D.ssL:1[ thr.;utJ~ h(f.t.1nz f?r th~_ Ynlu :;.1 vcr bUt l1c cl.ic"'L net 1:-t.rn'i:.Yhr:'(:;_ units tf'-.G_J' ~·.r..:rc.

The 2-6th sto~l:~:,,_ccl. in ~io ~-tun:· :;r0vincc t •· :' nchur:1.c., r.bout 29 Octcbcr, v.rtor.J thc~r ~-r['itoC f'~r

f'our ci.[!.ys b.ef-:,rG :Jrr;cccC.inf:-. :'h::::y U8:r·o issucc:. winter clcthinc c:nCI. t:ur C.cysl su:Jply cf fcc:·c"':.. S:hc r:wvcTDcnt c:.crs ss tht: r1 v .:-r f'. t L:'L:1cJ12..nc, ::o.nchurir., 't(.::r-.n ttrol.th(f the ~t::. -Jf ~1-:::v(m·:x;r r.ncl. c::mtlnueC. f-:r nearly £:.. ·m.ontb. ?ris-:;ncr intcrr-::;[)J..tion rcvcalcL~ thc.t t!"l2 oriti:i::: 26tj, )_rmy o-::vcO. into the high t;r::unc1

. bcti·,rJcn S~<·2:-u-rt r.nc' X:CJt')rJ. l'..rcunc". th~ 1st of recombcr. Jlhc 75th c:.n-~

77th :Jivieicns, the only c'1v1sicne 0ut of' tr.is c.rmy 1C.:.on.tifioc.1 by pris·"Jners, t'.!'e knrn.rn t-o t~·.v::;

bocn c':'.is;•c---s3C:. both ec;,st and-. so·.;_"jJ1et.1st sf Ec.~-·c.rt:t

·ri frGm l-.:hioh :,J0€1 tions they El.t:;acltci1 t!:'1c ni.in c:.n:~ rcr.r c:l::::n.:.,n··;s of· cur C·:nvcy frc.::-1 E~:··-r·ru~ri

c:ft:::.r 5 LL-coi:lbor. :i?r1Ec-nere f'rc-:-n both thG 76th r.nl~ 77th :Jivis.L::.ns ,_.r;c..~r~ ·o:-)tUI's<~- .s.t :c-:::to~ri ~.r..f.

Ec.'T·.ru-rl on 5 I'2ccm 1:J0r. In ·:---r~ .A.I!!IS Intorrocnt:t-~n Fc:_Jort :r.'~'c. '2.?_~~~[', l-? Dc:ccmber lq5C 1 n Fi. fr·;rJ the ?28th -·:e-,:~t, 7C-th :=-iv, 2Str"' -~rmy, I."?VG

the fcllo·uin-;; inf::-rD[\tic:I: t1s:':.1-.::. ::ntl:-c ?r-\th .. I:·1vis1on .s.rriVcil .:"t ~~·-:;tc-ri in u::rl7 =-~c.:cuber r-.n~ ile:Jle-yoc1 1.n the nci.~;h'j-::rin:; r::culltr.ins. Th3!'C 1~erc- ~['ny vtht>r CCF (·-.ivisi-·:mS in tf.:.~.s ["rc;_; .. On the !::lc-.rch fror.;. t':".to Hccnchur12.!1 bc-n'lor to Ko-:o~ri, the 7G·t;h ~Jivlsl,Jn 'lr!rs subj .:ntc:: tc:: air et·tEJc!:s c.luost :.:.v~.:ry t"'.ny, 8i1C l:l--vc~cnt ~-[l.s

on~y et nicht. ThC:' nu..-r.ber cf ·-J.r\st.;~r.ltics c~uc t·J r-.ir E'.ttr~cl'.::P ,..;•t.l.s SI!'H-?.1~. CCF ~·!<J'J..n:~_cc~. rcn( str8f:-Gl crs, me· stly ··v!. th tr cnch f-::c t, r,.rcrc ·::: b.scrvc-c'. c·cin[_: biC'c}: t:::l.\r[l.rCt the:: Lc.!lchur:t.:-~n b-::-rC.cr. ;.t Kotc-r:t tho ?Sth DiYisi-:--n r.n~ o~h-:'r C8F u~i ts h<-~-~' st.·.rrr;unC.e::f the .ty},i units, but '"Uo tc- s=:vcro r.ir ~ttc.c:t:s e:nC~ nrtillc·ry, tJ:':.c GCF Units suffcrc,:. ;,cccvy cc suel tics anc1 G.ic~ very li ttl~ fi[htln[. lt 1r2.s thr:1v.r.:ht th2.t ":;he 7Gth :Sivisinn r-Jr-.s -~yceoti

cc:..lly ~nnihil:.'tcc'_. ~.:d r.;S~llt .J1' th(: ll.::rv:r- Cf'.

et:2.1 tl:s, the ~~-,r .8.nC'. ~-b~-nt lC"C· 0tl·.cr ;::a·.incs.: BU.rrcm::cr;:::._"'_ ~.;n 5 I";_co;::_1;(}~. t! ~ '/ tl:i£, tiz,c 0U.r troops. h2.C ·Jull::c1 ~--o•.'G tc ·_t-:::t<-:-j_, ·;;>.c 20th ,'"~nc;_ tLc 2~3th ;~r~~1ics. 1::_~..:--_ b-.: ::~-~n t) cl · 1n the SF.".mc ~cncrr.l J_'r.:.::-. f:r:.st tn·~~ ~ .. .:.;s~. ~f' ~;_'-:..

£'rsr:1 tl::crc tt--'-:: 20th. .. -.,_r'J'.y t->~l: -:::;h_ l. ·

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• ....... OCUth frC'm. X~tn-ri in :'_C,_vc_nc.: cf' j:;ho 20th ~.;rr.1y. ~he 26th .c+IT.lY iJFLE mrC!.o up ::· f tb.J 75t:l, 77th, 78th rnt 8Pth (?) Divisi~ns, tho l"ttor l:cint nl:.-: cc."l in ShanclL'"'-1 in _ cr.rly 0 cto.~'J::;r, r:.ccr: T(~ inr tc· r>. F~'T_. f'_n~- th::.1 ),.rmy 1 s reserve ·•:'1vis1on. -~ l)risC'par fr,;m tl1o ?7th DlviG1on ZE',ic'.. the_t the t1.ivisi,~n 1 s 120o.r:.1 m:rt,n.rs CL1(. nountr.in cuns hri!. been l£ft 'behincl.... Ort;£:nizn.t1on!:"l-l struCtur.c, oquilJnGnt r>nC1 strenGth is ccnQ1der0d tc 03 norn':'.l.

:~~ot cno'J.Gh infcrrJc:~t1on ie nvt_:ilo.blo on tL.is ~rmy ic crc:c!- to r;c.in E'. true pic.!:;uro of i t2 c::·m~)lotc -:::;,rC:::r of br-.ttlc ·t"':.uc tc .:.t~vorsc o;,;:r:rat-1ne; conC'~iti'Jns unc:cr iit-~ich fri.:::::J.'::lly units vrcre fiLhtin~ ,._rhen in c:::nti.Ct 1·.rith 1m.:ts of tl:.is army~ It is thour_;ht th~.t tl::c f'.r:-.:y C'Jnsistt::1 of f.::.ur cLivisir;ns, t•vc:· Q:l.yisl'Jns :Jf \·,'t-"i(~.h v.Tcrc committee~ vest of th.::::· Ch~·shin f:rsc:->v:::ir ~.r::::""'.. tl.rc on the cc:.st side r\[c,inst (lCr.l-~nt:fl :>f t~18 "C .E ~ 7th Infc•.ntry Division~ IJ:hc f·Jur C.iv.is.icmc ~~::-oro tho 79th) 80th, Blst an~ ?Oth ~ivisi'Jns.

':;he 79th Divisic·n took _prrt in the Ccw..Lau[offcns1vc th.?.t 1-rns launchec::1 on 27 K8vcmbcr Ht ~uc~cn-rri "\rhcn 1 t attA.cl>:er1, the ::1orthorn l::cr~rr~cter .s.~r>.inst cL~:oE:"nt:s of thE 5th 11le.r.ines .. The Rt!r--elr continuE./:_ heavy anC:. close throuG"hout the ni~·ht nnC~ the next c"'_ny, e.nd ~-;e.,s· conductcC. intcr~Ji ttt:nt1:,r tL.rcl..'!.[:h l :i~cc::::.bcr. _:\ll thrc£.· rc;;ie-1:mt8_; ?CE,, 236 r.nC.:. 23?, ~r.rrrc i·:~ontif'i.s-C.. :c.- ac1.dJ.tic.n, t-:,ra qucst1on£'.lloc itcntificr~ti-:;ns ~· .- rc r.:::-t-lc 2 lJnf:.' the Host flan~ of the ?9t.h Divisi'cn 2.nC~ ncrt~~u:-st uJ. .J..UL~:-ill-nl. :L.e C·l;:i:1 hlc:~rlr~c;s -;'J~k ~)ri~sncrE

Hho cla1mcc1. tc be f':c0:: t~::.c 28lst Df;.r:'!.sicn ElnCl. the Slgt DivJsicn, In vi<i"'··· c:f' tf"_G or-:r.'n~ zEt:'l_,..m of the 2?th d_rr:1y, it ie b13li0v.:>:. th.:-t- r~t lct:~st .)DO c.nl'. ~-)rot.;:~bly thu r.:a:·.1n:::":.cr cf th.:::sc :,lriec:<Cic:rs ectuE'lly vorc ncrntors of the. 81st;.-· thcL'.[.'l".:.t t: h.; in t!'~o SRP.lC ;Jcnoral arce l·li th th-:: 79t:'1 ..

!n c-f'c'.1 t1 on, the rc::.st -Tf tha 27-!;_il i·.r::!y is consic':crec--:. t0 have bG2D car.JL:ittcC.:.ir:. the initial .?~tto.clcs <?.fCI.inst u_.s. Army lLD~ts ":'[~St ·C·f ths G>oshin ?.cservoir.. :'h._:, BCth L-'1visL_H1 1.~•r_s iC.cnti-ficC. in thc_t l:Jcale a:h{ r,)rotcJ~ly r. ssccnc:. Jivioion ~c..rtic.ij_Jnt..::d in ·:)r_rt ·Jf -~b.: E'.ct1c:E.. In the fin.:" 1 f'.D:>.l;ysi e., ;_Jric r tc the c.:::-FJ-)1 c t c rr~ thr!.rcrr.r,:'l cf r_Tf-T ?crc::s_, tht ?:3th, ~Ot;h ~~n:' E'let :nvisi::;nn Ft:Tc ·_-)::citiv,-.ly i_-cnti.f:_r~(~ .in t..h_r: Chi[~'cnc.-··-n!:1hL'.r~~-· nrcf·-· In t~:.~o _cr'.sc,. tl::.c fC'urt~l. c1.1visicn ::f t:-.;:; 27th-tJ::C JCth_ '-:t~tisiGD -- is C'-~l1Eicl.crcC'. t:: llr.vc b:cn·h.:l·: :.n r::scrvc. This lli Vi sian,. f'..S 1-,ri th _tt .. :- t.;:'.t~: :-.:::-:: '..:· .... ·~~1 'r".B cr1t-_·in-['_ll~j [·c ,?Crt -::f' th'.:; 30t~: ~--,.rr..1~' ::·_-:_":; --~ s ~-~·- cl-::..cc""'.. tc the 27t:i:l _-... r~,;y f:;r tl:c -·Jur./-~ ·3-S '.:;f. ::~~1iE o·-.)_cr.:.-"-A --Y..Li..' Llo

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DECLASSIFIED

• • This t<J.hk un·i t, J>Ti-:::rth K.:~-rt:''"'·.n' :nr'nn\:,:=:·-rrtcl

·1_1rcbrbly. -~- t;'_nk r..<:-[iCJ.Jhf, 'yi~ .. B r..tf".ChJt~ -tt. "thd 12·.' th ·cc·F DiVi.sf<Jn· in -the {_cfc-n.sc 'Jf tbc Su~\~nf' Ftrce in e2-i'ly i?ove:Jber. -At ·tBa't ·tios the-· 34L.::tli hcvc-~. only f'ive; t~n:'f:s 18-ft EmC'. r..2.'1 f1V8 ::"Ic'rc· 1c1estrc--yec:. 't;y CUI' fOI'0(-'8" ~t·ic::r• ·tc: ~[;.h'o V•i t~1ti"C!HfLl or tho Chinese.

Cri['ini?.lly orcc.riizecl..-1-n July ~'?50,- the Unit c-nsictcC. of six cc;n~Janies (nc- b~tta.li-:ns). There 1iJE:.re thrcJ ::-ifl-2 ccr.nanles ~hc1.; three tr.nl-: cr;m~J.s.nics. ~.:..1-vays stfl.ti.~r..:e·:::. in _.tho H&.mhun?" arc:.-t.~ the unl t 1!1 th•::'.rGl-.r tot-,r:<:trc:L SuCLr,nr; r,rhen the t;;:,: Forces cntereC. Eur.:hun:;·.- 7'.nero -it joinccl u-) trith the l2·cth ·ccF Di v1sicn. ~~s result of· tho fiE htinc thc:rc an:'_ the •-7i t:::.C'.rH\--TE!.l norrtL· ·arc-:_ cr c1csorti:n of its troo~)s, the- 3~~_,~th \·.ras cr.:·rtsic-:.erccl to l1£'.ve been bro!{t:n UJ 10s n unit ..

b. tner:y Tr.ctics.

(ll Gcncr~.l Conslc1srctlon:

r::hc c-::;nsic:.eritticn o:f enemy t,nctics vri tl"~1n tl:c :~crioCI_ cone erned I!lust be <'tivic''_8c-:. chl.•cnol·.::..~·ic:=•.lly i.:1to thi'ce d.lstirwt ~')hG.scs involvint_~ bot.h 1-!oi'th Kor2.e.n anc~ Chinese Ccr:lc1unist Forces ancl. incluc1in[ an anP.lysis of the Chinese Comrrmnist c,n bGth tb3 of:f'ense 'an::'L C.cfcnsc: ~ ~neoy o:Jerh tions -:.~_urin~ the 1h1 ti£Ll ~x:.rt of tho ~Joriod ccvarcc1. 'by this rep,:,·rt u..;re oopce-rncC' .. ·n1 th those i~crth Kcrt:&n inc"~.iviC.uals anc"'. units 1·hich \-:ere by-pE'.saE;C. in the r£.:-:·1~ t.C.vc:.n·co of :.,,.IT. F·arcos t~J the ~Tcrth, P~.nc, v.rho 'HE:ro sloi,(Ly t-.roY.J.-::inc tt.oir VJay int·c the tfcnsan ar.:c ...... nd thvnc.c n.:)rthuF,rC'. to rcjo~.n e-ther !rorth Korscn units fJI\ Lt.:-u.q c.uu.zc.tG.LJH. OD.tstr~nc~ins; El_~·8ilb thot:,<J r,r·='u:;_:·R "tH::re the 2nc~, 5th ['_,nd 15th :[I:K Div1si-:::ms 1 tr-_c f'i·rot t":.rer· of ~.Jhl ch 1-.rere. trP nFd en t · '"rhll e tl'~2 15th h!J.c~- t:.~_:;~;:2rent-1y sottl€'6. int0 fl. ~)CTIY'E'"n.:nt position tc c~H-2.1 t furtt.er C'.evclopc.arit cf the Cc!::'J:lUnist. sitnE:.t10n;: ~ho soccr:d. anc"- tDirC. -Jhc.sos in this consid.:rc.tion e,re cane-:::rn.JG. 1'11-th the Chin.es.e Co:::J:r,-unist Forces; the C~inese w~rc 1n1t1ell~ oh the dsf=nsivo in blockin[ )OSi ticne nnC:. then nssur::cC. tho offe:r~s1ve in the :tll-o;j_t CGF. tlu"'ust thTo'ug.r'lcut nll ~~orth Korea.

'}_lhc )rioe.ry rJ.otivO o"!: the ~~c-rth Korce_n ;_,:·uerr1llti.s cnc-::;untor~,ci in th:: ·,_,--Jnsr.n:-:tr..:nhu~1[ r.r(.f. r.tns thE'-t -:::!' r-::jcinlng th.: F0rt.l1 Aorcc.n :;;cc-~Jlts Army in the_ l\crth.. 5:csm~_c·r;:,r ubjcCtivcs··,..rcrc th--.::sc c"!." 1:.Lr:-·ssL1~.' rn..1(.s on ei·1

c-:nvcys £iT:1. inst:lllr·ti:::·ns, .:~.ne. f·Jn,.c;--t;c :r•c.1~'2.s £tf:E'.inst SU~J)lY tr.~.ins J CGllV·"JYS, inst:::~llC'. ti0DS

DECLASSIFIED

•

•

•

•

·-r~ :;}.,:~

~-~!-~~ .. '";.

._,_ l_?j F-.~~

- -~-.,

':?-:~-~ ""-u . .,. -~ ;;--;.,.., ;_,;:.,,.:., .. ~.f.:·:'-·,

.:, . ·1--- --~-

•, "'~-- .

... :."--~ ~ -+ ''i'


------------------

• - .... n::.1d native villa[2S. i:..n ac':_diti..-;nr:-1 nission \.r::'_f3 thr-t o:r cncaurc-.~::in;:- Cor:Jmunist -:.1rr::.:mizftt1or_ ru:1·~nt_: these villat;cS cCnttctcc~ nne. the rc-8st,"blishin[ of locnl Communist rule FhGrc :'JCSS.iblc.

Gur.rrillr:. r..1::veoent f'rnc. :pc1-!lt to p::ir:.t c::ri[':inE'.lly occurred for tho ;ro8t )~rt D.t night in CJrdcr to i:'.vciC~ c'-ctcc~icm, nnd a ttnck ~y r.,-;r z.ircr.s.:ft • ..: ... ctivi.ty during c1a•rl1.ctht h-:urs >.-.ras· lir.::itcc', to tho ninir:mn ncccsE~~rY -=·r::r o2xiotcnco ." .t:..nc-my trcops slept Ctur·ing tJ:.E:: c..,_ay in tho hills or ir: soclu.r.lec'l villa[r:s. If. v.rhf;n L10V::::.-::'.Lnt -~~urimz

tho s1ay by ;rcu1;s. v,;r_s Unc1o:fteJ:cn, such ':-Jove: mcnt occurred. &.1-Jng_ ridt;os Hhcr:J ·q~;_,lck C'.C:;!lc.y

~cnt tc cne side ot the ·ridEo or tLc other allcv,rcd Fl.C1c-:.ed proteoti::;n <-:\ge..inst air .'ltt."'.cks. l.llovo:'Jcnt tnctics also 1nolu2.od the usc of civ~l~ 1~'1. c::..ott.os V?crn .cv~;r. the un"ifor:~l. Guorr21ia t2.ctics Curine ~~ovt.'l!Iber b.cocGlc b:JlCer; :J.oVe-mcr.t c~uring dnyli;zht hours b'ccrunc thQ ~:;r;:-rcticf.~

8..nc1 ue.s acccleratcCL; <J.n<:l. ?et!'cls •·:era u.seC~

2cct1vely, both en thG mov.c an(;_ in ~)OS1t1on.j to tr.o fronts end fla_nks.

i.~orth Korcc.n ;r:uerr1lla t~_etlc-s in r:--cncrt:l envisioned opcr2-tions being conductnf E~.r sr.:2ll units, usue'.lly cf plr-~to:>n size 1r1hich ·r...rc:r·J hi( .. :hly m.obile, 1ncons~icuc·us during- .:_::·GrioC.s cf tr.:--.vc·l, e.nd strong on·Jugh to ct:u:··ry OL'!t the o.vcrc.c;o cu0rrilln. attc2,ck. Tb_e s8varc.l instanc:;s of cucrrill:.1 c:~.tt"" c~:u · ag·ainst .J'~tr forcoe re-veal cC. the _sc;~-:.c e;cncr2.1 tacti·cs thr:7U[hO'Ut;:, Fi th tho ~lri::lc..cry ccmsi:":.::rfl,tion bein[o' tr.'"r·.t of .<:'.lr.wst assuroc'l BL~ccess, f'rcr.1 tl""..,o encm~r 1 s viCc·>":Joint, ·nrjcr to the initir~ticc!l of ?.ttctek. His Htt:-c~{S

2.~ainst in.stallntions r;rcre USL"'..r.lty :>rGCe&c~C by ~Jctrols or by es~)ion~cc B{;cnt.; ;.-.rhc- sonzht to dot crrr..ine ths lac.::: ti::.n 'Jf strcnc Dn::~ T·T • .J.~"!.k point B

an<:.'.. tho ;.ro'tn.bJ. c strc:n.:;th cf C.cfcnCL1n;_;; f"crm::.s. 7b.c usc cf sp18s :for thi.s T!urpose ~-:r['.s· Plf_E

S~Jrcr.c<. ~ue to the .s.ccGptecl. ;::ras:;ncc; of in0.ie;·cnou.s l"Jc-r-·Pcnnt:~l thr-:uch·:ut ;-JcGt c.r;sas HD~ the lo..rc:c nu.':lb.:'r of C:Jmmunist s:,rrr.p.ctt.izcrs or ~.~olitlcc.lly inc:..ifferont n['_tives \'.rhc- aiieC. the Snc:J::r in G"Eining hip inform~\tlon.

~he £' ctuEl 'nt"te,c}~ agairtst. instcllations l.:rcts r.l~r.re.ys con.Cuctcf, E.t nizt~t r.lor..c tl:.e llnes of tho ccnv8nticn~l 1Torth Kcrcr:.n TitEnz.niii attc.c::, rcly1n[ h(:::-,v1ly UlJOn 2.ttt·:m.?.tie '.~cr~·Jc_ns,

hc.nCL r::-rcnr-,dcs, shautin[ and confusion lc c:.llo'·' thor,1 access into dcfonsc :pui:>it1·~·ns. · G1..'0:1 rn ntt.::·.clr 1.'.r.s.s st~·l'(.'d ag:r.lnst tl::.:::- lSJt ;:;n, 1st :-Ierincs, Et :=ojo, 1\ihon the ~ncw.y rtt~·c~cc:_-~ uric1c,r· :::c·vcr of c1.s.rl;:ncss· on · .. -:yrr;t::chnic c.n( ~<~:!.?t~.D :?:L:;.:nrle .. · Jn· P.c~.C.i tion t·J the nc1sc rn.:-. cr::-.:.::'t..:sic:n Crcr.te0_ by the QttsckorR 1n anc a~ron2: cicctGr, ~~ether Bc::tnr rc-,-.. -:;rtcc". the nrcn-cncs :-:f sevCrc-.l :~r::rth

Koro.r.ne <.rhc: v.E=.D(! . .Ent;ilsl""~ )hrcscs in 2n c~fort t·J

•• 35

DI<:CLASSIFIED

,' .. ,

'~ · . .,.:~~ ..... ,~

:.. "f·.:.~

·~· .;;'Mi" ·~ ;~ .. ~

; :.·:;.:,iJ.

. ~r~

•· ,,"!':, · .iA:

:-i}·;

... ... ·.:-~ -·t··k~ : :,~_;._:!

"'- ... ~ .....


• • ~

t • r-

I•

DECLASSIFIED

• • breclt th'rourh· out' C:cf'Ctlsc·s t:;r EL: .... "yinc.;: liDsni :t s~1oot,_ r-.rc-'·ro ROX:s 11 ; -n·vh£-:t i·s tho. ~1c.;sm-Jc·rc1 for tc>night?"; nne' '~Ct::!E'C ·th1s':.~.,tnyn Or-:- 11He£.C; this· Hayn. ,

·-Tho c-~s'ss.ul t 1.fE'.·s macle f'1rst by a si::w.ll nu .. rnb8r Hho n·-;.ryroaCheC. ['..S riC8.r the ~JositionS a-S ·Dossible ~..-1. th bane grcnr.c".oa lJhilo· C;J.V'crcd. by a:.~to!r.E<tic HOE"'.pons_ fire.. .T·[lis _grslip tm8 fo1lo1-.re'c1 by ,G'u·er.;.... rill as .,.rho,._ ch[l.t'[3d. the 'dct·:.nses·, S:':.Jray.:.n[ the arce-. uith Sub-r.w.chine gun flr.c. Such E'..tteclrs ucrc generally ~ :::nC~uct SC:. i>:ri thou t -the bcncf'i t of EDY -r0s:::rvc uith uhlch the enet-:y I:llc_:ht J:;.e~ve oA-ploiteC_ anY' succ_esSful brc·cJ-:throu;·h. S:his .same :)roCcrlure ·uas ·:rollc\fec~ by the cncr:tY in c:n a"t.t£>.01{ E'.gainSt th8 · 3rd En 1 let !(r~·rinca, n+; Knjon-rii, 'vhcn ·c:. r:;ueri'il:::..r. force str[ef~ reper:te6. __ ,suicfdal nss_e:ul ts R{'ft.inst o·ur ;:oai- · tic-ns Just bGfcrJ G.n~·r:'i before vi tht.rariin[ nftor surrcrin[ heavy losses.

7hc most frccuent nne":. sucCes-sful oncoy o:'.:;tt:tcl:s :Per.: mr.clci' e~e.inst -;ur c:Jnvoys. The cncrr,y1_s tccticG on th~c'. occr'.oior!c t..'-c::::-c nl-n:,:;.st Rl"',rfl_ys the sr.me. Fevortblo hir:_:h, ccnmcnc;.i.:1.(· tcr:b~in r4Ei.s ·chosen as thG sit-;:; cf tr-.. D cncri!.vlS 1::.-ositioris c.lont:: ESR 16. Foro<;JE·.rned cf' the &l;prOn.ch of convoyS, ~nomy troops uculd. ul.lC'f tho ls2..G. Vehiclas to ~E:notrato· d~T::Jly tho ror\0. '"bloe,kin;; posi t1ons bef'oro o:Joninr_r fire n.J.cnr-· ·tho Gntire vChiculr.r column 't:..ri th intenSe .ri?-2 qhlne ;;'Ui-'1-t s::::r-.11 ar!:ls r:ui.:.-:-_ m"Jrt,;:-,r f;..l~E ~ To =Jrc'!cnt st:cccssful · passnc:c cf ve-h'l,.,,~ .. · ,..,..,....,-,+-,T'>;-. ~-~.,.,.,,..., 1-.1 ..... ~-·"' >~"<',...+'h.::..,::.. "-='1-,..,~· +h,-.. ~~.:..V.LL;C, V.I.-'-CV\,..<-U •10--'-'- ._,_,__,__,.,.,~~ ..._,_..._ u.-.~w.>. c. • .;...,.I~~L U-'-'-'-'

hSR, :fcrc:tn; th·2 ccnv:J~t" not only tc h.s..l t tut n.lsci to turn c:-.rounc-., all th2 t-Jhil(; ::pcrc:-.t1!12' · unC.cr ahcny fire fron !'.ll sL:'.cs. · St:.ah rcad.block· att[ c:ts ~-rcrc st:-.. zeC. along hillY cr mountr.inous rcnrls that Fore ncrroi:·r ·o<cnc-:.. -r_riaCLing. L1 one ins-t.?.ncc, E' C.oe:::, rr:vi!lc ~.ras .the scene of en 2t c:;_cl~ on .2 .::!lotJriz--C: ~::.£~.trol, t)ith r:.:e"chinc 2~uns C·'"Ysicrinf. the E'.JJroech-:s· from ·}::.ositir:ns hi~h in tha ·cliffs. Vuric~tic·r .... s Cf' r·Jcdb1ocl~ r,.ttr_ckc "t.·.rcr.::· nu.:n2.rous. ?::c:rtl;:ucst of :t-1c..mhL'.nQ", c joe:~; :_)a"trol of t~~2 1st :Jn, 5th HnrinosJ vas stc~;~~Jcc1 by c-. roc.d bloCh:. nne"'. then :na(~ C~c:noli.tions throt'ln on tory of th.: vcf::tclc s f'r·_:m 'JO s i ti()ns in tho cliffs- ov orloo?..inr the roc.c-..- ::;notJy tro,o·)s then ns sr.uJ. t ce. the ~~Co.tro.=:. Hi tl-: hnnC ['rcnrclos r:.nd Sl:b-.:n[ chino t_;u.11 firz. Another ~tt.:'c~: vras mE·,C.e en ~ truck ccnvoy _nc-t.r Koucn ·,_r;nt;.n ~'-.F~_rril2.a trc·c~_:;s j't'D.)c& "ntr the trucks,- t·roJ.):·_)inc: h2 nC. ~:·:ron~\~ ss into the 0 ri.v 31"' com:;:crtr::cr:ts. Gucrril~.:c t-~~cn ,"'ttcr1~;t-::·C. tc kill all rcmc.in1n---: C.rivcrs t-·r ~-.r~ _-.,~ir.:· t~:.cr.: from ~h· tru· c1rc: ..... L~r"'"r sc--1 ., t-::, .. ,,' ~ · ~ro·r· ~o,•lC"od I.J-- l. --'-'• (. ,- "-' ~........ -+· ... o ' '--- '--'·J,.I .J

abou.t the SC'.m.::- time ,._,rhcn s,-.:;v;::rnl hun~~rcC'. [i.lerrille.s, bctll. in clv111c.' .. n clcth ~s ;:--.nt. Lmlfcrms

DECLASSIFIED

- ~--·· .

• ··.~ .·. __,

•

• j_jj~ .... ~:' . : __ ;~ ~

~-*-~~

Korean War Project USMC-00106333,.--.. f.

I

l

r I

r-1

DECLASSIFIED

• !:lev u:_o .the s·t.,ri tch on the ro..il.::·oad tracks nce.r YOTArOn antl_ then at~Rcl::ecl tho Ml ted t:-s.in. 7h.e initial action CB.IT.P· fror.1 :-uerrilla.s in civ111Pn clothts \-,rho t··.·2re loi ~er:i.nc nc:e_r the

train vhen it sto~J~)CC.. -=:n si~nEl thrY immeCliately ra.n alonr• tt~e side ::>f tile cct<.c~:..c s, toss1r~£:' hane. gr€-na:i_zs in tte T.-.rim·:.o"':"'e ~-Thilc

covereC. by machin~" ~Lm_ fi_re frcm !lear"'b~,- ~-::-osi-+-'1..-...-'"' .., ... ,~·uo.

Guerrilla te c.ticE em~...::oyed' ag2.inet this Division C t.:.rin:;· the ::.'erioC". o~ this report T,.rert r:xecutecl. In ·essE-ntially tf'.:.:; sa.nc- r:i.t"nner enc1. in the sane genc:.re.l locc·.lc· 'by sorr,£ of t~e se.m~ [Lierrille.e vho t.['.raoseC. tr_e Ja::.<?.nE'sE

durin[ that oecu:· .. ation ..Jeriocl. '='"lH:- BYD_:.e3:.L.-3tic or ~:mssive £,ttlturls. __ of the_ ciVJ..l ~).J~:-.ule.cc allm.rGC. the €;.t:·GrrillE.8 com:)£crc.ti.,..r:: fr.:.J(.~cm o:f .m.:~vm.'i3nt. throut:hout tl18 t.ac:: v·ille..tbs ?:.:lC. scccndary ro;s,O_ncts, allot~iL1:; thom to strili::-- l_,_ri ";h r:lRt1vc U:lSC.: epr.inEt our -forces 2nr ti: .. z.-n to C:isa::··)car E'f'ain into th: hllls F.nd vc..::..~-~-:ys. ;._ v1~;-.r- in rctroe-r_:-,cct r::v·.:e,J_s thr . .t tlH :-.Torth :.:crc,an 'tro·~n

rr.ovomci1t cs e. i.-r~cl.::- {.ur.!nr :';hi? ::_;:rice-:_ .9nc"' ·through tfiiS area T._ras carrL:::d out tRc~i.ce.lly c:-ncl ir: ct hi£hly crgan1z2d .ma_nn:r, ~rr,:-:">1~yi.'1C,

in thE lc:rt;~st inst2.ricc of [ro·..lpin:::_-, Uot:-: ~C..vHnc..::; anC. rear guc.rC' covcrinc forccsJ vr1 th :-:~crr;::-::r.:L0.<:: units on the :flC'.r.J':.s c:.nr3. :.-:n o~ _ro.tin.; cor:l_.:'i£r.c ::chelan ncar the center.

FClQ'SS.

_ ~- Q_g__±'l_: I'C".l; ~l~G bPS i C CD nc ('~) t 0 f

Uhl~csc Co~~unie~ lsr[c sc~l~ ~il~t~ry trctics visueli.z?f! th2 cr.r;lc:yccnt o:"' SLr~--;c:rior r:u.rntcrs of' -f:ir.cops to cc __ rry :-:.'.t & !'rc.ntr-.l 2.LtLck in coorc.':in...:~t1c..rn •Ti th etrr:)nc.;l~ . .:.:wclo)ii1f c.ttF.cl:s C:csizncCl_ to fol6. t}:.:- flankf' of ~h: C!cfcnCin;· forc~s, to B2v,::r sup:oJ.y lin~~-s, t.o is-:~lnto:-,

surrounC. £.nt': :.:•J::ntu.ull'J :::.,_tstray ~)i.::-cc:-:'1·:-.'3-l.

!.8scd u;:,on· tl:J usc of' a hir;hly mOt-ile: stril<.:in~ fore::, l1 ttle: dc:;;-~cnd.cnt on crO.in~-r~r logisticE'.l su.~:;~_)ort, this _}rinci~l:? of action ~c.s r:rov1:d l~ic.hly cffcctivr since th(. J:a_t1nch.L1.g of thcChin~·Ec countc.roff'cnsiv: in lat-::: Nov~.:.l:2r 1';::50. Cn r· s:n.E'lL.:r scrlc:: t!1c Chinese bc,so their tc ctics on El. :_:--,rc·:--:-onCi ::T<--:.nct-) u:f J1[~:tl)O'!C r t.;::. overrun the :n-::my by sl-. .::-c.r ,,·ci;:__-ht of numb-::-rs ~ 11~~ 2.11 cas.:,s durins the lJ, rioC'. covcrrC:. by this rc9ort, CCF tactics ~r·:r: c-ccuti~~ wittout the bCn.:fit of £:ir, r.rtil.l:r-y ~.nt zrmc:r.

by. ~.:~t-t::oci~~ .£:,.ce:~r·~i.1Y to r cE:':~;tUr·:.C!.

'-_·r.cw:Jc·.rrt, on~ _.._-r·~,,--f'"'rR+ -.1.-,,_~p_-" in th' Cci·1'"'

.... J 'J~ • ..l -~ ... _ " :-- ,...,___,_ ·~" - '-- -- l ~ '--' •.

Cco::c-.unist of::.::;nsivc C:.;9tri::..:, :'!.::. .~Jc 11 ~"'2-ret

st~rrouncl_ thi. .:;.n.,:wy :::-nC. cut c;.~f t:1.-~t:r :r'C'Jt: s of su~~~)ly E'-~1>-~- r.-tr.:ctii• ';hie ~)ri.nc~.--~, l,r.::-s nell

DI<:CLASSIFIED

_::_

·~ .. ~~ ·~

' -\~:g ~- ;;·:

;:ti·,.:j

~-.7:-:i '. ~J

-~--;.;

-~J

- ._, k ~:·tJ~_-' :"·~?~ -·"':-!.:

- '!;-~: ~· :--··-~~


,--

DECLASSIFIED

• • ' , ll&CLA. -' . :

WIR 62oO.lcl ?6 -DIVISIOI/- sr:::CL..L

illu.::::tr.s.t.:Cl L1 th,- i1un1,.:.r·JL'!.G _r-~::.::orts: 1:~~r nc~tl'l ..... E:I

t.z:c_ ?_Jrisbncrs _l)rior to the. 2.e.unchin~ of· tho ChincE-c- c_~tT.ncl{s. ·Th(;sc r~::wrts tel.: .of' rncrJ.y conccn'trr'.ti-:_·ns· on virtuc1ll~r n.ll S.iC:.~ s of our_ fort;Jo.rC. e.n:l gs:..; :L::m.;:nts. In m:~vir:.[ intc favcrEblc posi tionn from <'hich he couU. str.~ c fi~rco 2.ttc.cks -e.~einst s·-.:v~r:::.l :;oint·s sioultenc;susly, the c:nuny. r,: stri-ct :·C. hi's troo~j r:wv ern~~ n ~ s f0r the mcst r::-~rt,' to ni;.ht m2:rch.::.s r.l"Jn[ scconO.rry rctC.s ~-nc~ trnils. r:r~r.i. t.bscr:uJ.:· cl c.urr.":J::rscn:e lo[isticcl su"o:.cort ,nc" tt:.: usc of li[:ht mcuntt.in :::rtillcry· melLe this ·:ossiblc. ~a insure succtss iri~"this fl2ncuv~r, the ·nomy ccnstruct-.;:.C' r. lrrc: huo.bcr of ontr.:-nc:b..r."'.-:-nts b::.tt·:ecn Yuclc..m~ni enc~. Hac.nru-r1 "?ricr -::;o th::. ccr.1-r.:cnccr.:Jcnt cf th.:: COlli1·t·.:.:rcffG-nsiv:. .::,t the tj_J.:1C th.:s-:· cntrc.nclblcntS v·..:.r::- obs:.:rv:.:-t e.nc"". rc~~ortcf by fri c ncl.ly ~:·.ir, 1 t -.. w s c·:.nsic" ereCt the:t t:r.cy •,rou~cl be us L (-: t-~ C))OGO O'J.r cd.vr.nc-::. tr: Yu(rD.-ni. ~~s it ·t_urnCC tJ:J.t, C'JSt of thcrn

i .. rcr.: ncv·::r occ.u~;.: i:::.c1_ U:nt.il c-ur units bcc.-:n t!" .. cir t.rlti10rr.ne.l fr:xrr Yuc"'P:n-ni s:-.-.~::: sj_:~ t-:: ten -:'r.ys lE't:.:r, £'.~: ·nl:ich ti.'!L"' th: 0['_:tr.:.:·SC !;~.JV::f!. :tnt:) thee~ ~:.·os~tions to "lJ~.Josc cur s:::-n"'i:!•T.rCI. pc.,_vr.nco.

t::h.: next st::.-) in th .:n:::m~rl s off'::nsivc ~--'lc .. n is thct f-;r the EcCtuf'T c-_ttr.cl..-.:, --+dch h.~: C:.ccLLr:lcntsJ rmst b8 in c':.G)th nne-:., "ueinc t~·-'.: trircnrlc f"c:r~1ation, th:: f'orc.:: .~.c"'.ve_nclr~c-· +;r:;nc.rcl ttc cn .. ~ny front r:!lust not r.:..~ CJrr.pos.:/· cf' ~or:: tl:cn t,-,:o-thir~ s of tho strcr:.c;tl1 1 or tuc -~-f th.:: tln·c ~ E;chclcns. TlL fcr~'2riC:. units must o~:.rry ~ll the ·!\t·.ans fDd ~rcn~fas ~oes1blc. 11

~h..:: c.nr:~ny .:-:.+:: --:r cl:s · .. r~r::, r.lr-_:ost vith~~t c~cc~ti:n, ch~rrct~riz~( ~~y .~r~l!~tn~ry l'rO~Ji!"l.~S Cl[[t1nst CUI" 1'r,:YTrC.l :.J::siti·-:JrlS ·c~r cr·:'..l)S of 8 tc lf 0t:J.J2nY Hh08( CliSSi-.~dl 7 Yf'A::i t,: f.:::.J.. )Ut our :.·-csiti':ns, tc c·r ... i:t.:: c.:u.nf;;_:=,i:yo jufJt ~~:::rior tr:. tl:c lr:.unch1nc:· c:f thL .:::1.:- in ?-~~8c~:, t;J :~.rF.T~.r cLlr fire c,nc' tllllE C.:tcrsinc ·)ur. JLltllr:: .. rc1i' to cnusc en c.x·<:cn:?1tur ... cf ':.l':.r ~-~.::~~nun1t1.:n. r:i:h: tt ctics '.ls:C". vt.ri..-:c-:. c.cc:a"':'.in;: tc t:!t, situr·.-t:.i-.-:•n cnr, t.to c1 a.:en-.~s c.f t:1£: t.:r-rr.in. (:;r-:·· :Sn, 5~h L:~.rlncs r·~~;.ort thc.t on t~C' night o:". 27 ~!ov J;J.b~ r t;]- .~ in1 t1.!"'1 ,~:~ -mv ~: l'"'C,IJ'-l~ l,~'-Y''"' !"'h1 r t:r ,...,.....'"~T1 ... , _______ -·.------...- c...~---... --- -~- ----~ ~- --· -

tr:' r_.;i thin hr.nd ( r.::.n!:"f.c d.istr:.nc.";. cf ~:cT~~ C- ~~l2,~1Y 1 s =:'Cs1t1cns bcf:)rc b3in[ (l_:::tCctc:C:~ nt ''hie~! i.>Jint thl-y EL't~-~;~:.,-r:ly D.ur~~C: gr..:-nrc-:cs 1 ll108tly cf ":;:h~ c-:-ncL!Gsi·.'n tY:,,:oc, <.:.t the -~cf.~nCI.inc trc;::;:;_~c. Ir;. cth . .::.r lnstf.nc.-:s, ti.1csc ~):t;'Sbin.::·s r.r..:;·r;· c·.nC'L1Ct:0. cpcnly tl.a-:'. vi tl: nn c:_ .. _;,_Jn.r:c-nt "ttc.o~;t c.t sr :·1;::1?1~vc.""·T L:.1·"' C·~-~-lO~.:-li"U,;oJ.t. .. ·;n,:r~· ::'l.~!' ·._:,.::siti::r;.s ,,·ere :r:--r~~-vis·u-sly krl~,;tn, 1nf1~ tPrti.::nl £.1:JCC. .~t stril£1~ CE Is, E'Ll''"!ly F'!i.'' [T':':;i~.:.cr:r inst<"·l:~t;i--ns, ~.,rce E'.tt::'!!l~'!';c\~ .g.:V•.:-r:::-1 -:L::·:.~ )::::-'1.-::r ":: tl-_: :::l.f'L1 E'ttt:"!Ck. Pc'~·T.:.v-r·, · .,._ .. ~: ·"- "'-:i._·:-~t ·: :''\.:lff :: cri~ ::-, t ,-re ~ .... .:n tr.ir:::-c~· by - t:r '.u::.~ ~.: s, ~-r-l--:- ~ · t~ct1cs lflrt c~n~rnlly in~f~_.Jtiv~.

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1 O.LJ.01Jec.. ~n 5 to· 2C .. r:.!lnutti_B b,I . tl~t: J~1a.ip_ e.t_tc o:-r. me.d.e· u:.;·_, e.ccorC.ing t·o. sCn_e ··rr·ont lL1s re~)ort s, of .n~~mcs? _el1C!.less· n.ubb'~;:~n•: O(.Chii~ese .. $olc1.1e:rs ~fr~o sure:_ec foi'\-,~arC !"e.~-::ic~ly acainst O!~r- 1_".osit1ons, l.-J'ith EE:_em1nc_ C.if?rc"gai'd. for loSs· of li.fc.._ Generally -~~he en·f·:ny mOvE-d to 1,11 t~in sr.:c.l1 erms rcnge in C·ol"umn format~o'n h€f'ore- -ranrti'n[ out o..s skirtr:lshers. +r _the Chl-nesG had been in gooc'. •:;csitior.~.s f6!' ·atserv8tion du.rin::-_· the day and. I:i1ET-.~ the lOcatio!) of our·_·automc:.tic ~·rea:)ons tux:.- strcnt; ~oointsJ they v,roulC. air;, t~1c 1:-ru;J.t of the cttack F"'t::aii:st believecl \VE:£'.1~ -·;ortions of oar C:efonso. ':'heir ability to obscY.ve the 'J!'Cb8hlf.locat:on of our'·oacl::.in::: F:ur..s Trpa 2xcei·-~-en:t, a.l thouLh t!12;:l t-r -:;r,: canXtt oany t1~cs }:y c.:1c:mges o·r our ~Joei'tio!ls a.f'tc'r n1chtfn.ll. ::::_f ".:;heir knc•·l~C-co of ou.r !.:.c~1metcr -.,-;ras sl1[htJ they ~-roulcL C~s)Cn6. on a )rclirr.ina.ry rcconne.iss.e.nce ·jue~ ~)r1.or to tl1c cr:§ta~c:::cnt ~o . oEtlinc. OL'.r linc;s b;i our initial fir':: r-:.s:)onsci. A st'.lL.:r.-·s uhe.rr:.ctct-istio in 'their 1nit1E'.1 <::tta.ck VPS the CD·?l':lyt s e..bility tO i'cact to ·G}::c: etrong ~)oints 1n our e.s-ftris"e and t':> 'tU:r!l the tirection ·of the .sttack torre.rd. 1.\rCr:ck:Jr sCct;.rs· .. ·If there v-rc rc !lp P.~:;~)_E rCnt llgh t c_1 c:fcnses, 'th·3 Chin.:: s c Ett'e.cY:.:- l;ro.uld continue unabet:--d. uritil r.j_th,:;r it h.e..Cl._ succc:cOcCI_ in ovcrruiil11n[ tl12 :yosit.1ons, until his f'orcds ,_,,ore too d ocimatocT to ::::E:in-te.1n or;::['"'n1zc::.t1on, or ~n·--::::11 {.aybroek, at .,,.,~hich time they alnost 1ovarit.bly Cr::~.r bB,c!c i:he UGC O:f il:_a:"TiinC'--''uln{· firos. 1--E-c' ,.n'J ·_c::;~)c?.rcnt .::-:f::"-."Ct u::--on tl:c rn::myl s ~)cc-::: of att.:-.Clc Observers rc:~ort the.t h~ r.;t:-:( r.o r.tt~!TI)t to s::~}: cover or CC.:lCC'B.lr::J.snt T 8}rd.1 iP T'l ~r. he ·: ;__:n-::·r-;.strc+: ;;c1_

nn, e~)~_)crcnt cont,:::J.~)t for m~rtrr fir_·,. On r.lr.n~r ocCcsi-::-nr the Chint:s.:: c6ntir;.~:_,.6 li'.'YJ_,JT_'JCnt ui thout lotul.:; tt .. rout-'h th~sc bf'rrr·cc:s, r.n--· irj Sl)itc of h:c:vy losse-s.

It r-rE E c::;nclt':.SivCly ,Ol_sm.onstr£>.to::C:., (uril1f:- tLis -~~'tT~lo-~- c:f c.cti-::m, tl:.s.·t tlJ.c ·Chino·.:::.: Cor,;..r~unist ·:;lr cc'" little vs.lue u·.Jo::-1 ttc lif:.: of ti.1.c int..ividuat solC.1c-r, ·"f·~ne 'his- tc~Ctics r(flcct t~:.is a.tti t;__~C c. It ·has b .. - .::n rc~)ort..:"O: th2."':; tha 0rJ.:::r:1y trco_;_)S crrn~. for•·-'t.rfl. crrct 1 or so.GJ.ctim8s in 2 drcuq!:l.. !Ssually_ th;::y f'~C'.VBCCCC.l. Cl.t· El r,,..-E'_ll\: 1 or eomctir.L-S ;-:-t e. trot or .. rm..,~. ~ut ,.rhe-n stO:J:;)c.G, tf.::y 0.1:: not S(Ok Cov--:-r El.nfJ. conc::=.elmcnt Or ntt.:::m:Jt to .r:IC\ .. C by'· ere· -=~)inQ" or crc-T,rlir.;:_;_. Chc;r£.ct,·rist1C. o.f DP.ny of their- ni.~ht ettc:.c:tS, c~r_;_c-;, E'.lmcst EV(r-y C3J-:' of' tl1:: e.tte.Cl'::.s occ~lrrc.~ c":t;;.rfn:=_· tho l' ... aurs of. c'_e.rl~n;:;:::e,. 1.;rc.s th:- fact th.5!-t tllc Chincs8.~',roulc"'.. f:r:t;:: r:~1(:. us.::; 2 fc.i(orc'tl.::-: point of on try ·intc th: ir:~.:-::.;:.1(_['_ ?-;: )O si t:tr:,1.s; it. r:lie:~ht

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Jo~ht.oct 'tteigh"':: of rf.i.Wl~er:s, _tl':.ey m<::C.c n-~ <:>ttcm~;t to .. h;;;.lt _c-,nd. rcol~g-cnil·~~ _r.s mi[ht. hf'.vc_ -been <:X.;pcctcd. ·Rnthdr, th·ay co'ritinue<'L the ··o.tir-:ck In the ·si:'.mc ·wi1C. ·ma.nnc!-. 1-nd.icE'tiri~ the:t their Hi:n •<ee to CLcstrcy o·ur uhit intccrity. ''iJ·.cn coccntcrntt·r.okef _to :i-estiJrP. :pcrt~e_:tEf 11n~:s 1 the· .;nOr:1y 1;rae usu2.lly- ct:.uzht. by ~mr:::r1so .':l.nf. roo.tcG.. Almost f_iiVD.t'iE!.bly thC en·eny; s attecks 1-,rcrc ai::1ccl et hi2.ls 0r l,mo~~L;( ·?r3):.s ~.ti-tl: D_nlY'r~re _ _e.x.:;_rrl)l~s of ~tt·t.cks up Ct:rni..rs .or· ryaCl.vn·.ys. Attr.cl:s r,.Tcra c:t-..c.rt'.ctcTiz;:;.C by _f'o-rc~E in r.·e~)th. On sSvcrf'l occnsicns.~ the cittacJ!:S ~.rerc by tt,.ro rct_iric:.nts ab:rc2.st ·t.~1 th b& ttF:'licrt_S in ce:l L1.li!~_-'

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' If the:_ cncnj'. -:--,r&s still a~te.ckin[ 1-rhcn r::c.yll_cht came~- he 1r.-:.::1cif'Rt>2lY brol:c off· C-'Jntact ~.rhile c:nr~rGCL b:r s,jE.ll :;:i-'oll:._Js 1 uhcsc m::..ssi:an vras to r~_r_~~--;:-_• ~JlJ.r:, fir·£; •E'"GY _, fr:: . .::: the r;:;c·cc1in[ enemy. E,-c, usut.lly ~.;ullGc~ Cecli:. into prcv1ouslY_:Jrf':_-;_9.'rC.( :._5Gs1~_1-::ns _.;r 1Eto the ncr.rby c:.rc.1-.·s nne: 'r+ll£._[;88 i,_ri-i-cr:· ·[l£! mE:n:r A8 l:·,-::.ss1hl."J. tcok shelter· 1'ns1Ce ·n~_tivc hats. !f net .~istur'bcd_ the cnce1y ~ta'rec Irisice, out of >ri[ht or e.ircrE'cft.~. thr·Q_ughdtit "·th< ("! __ ~-Y, l cfl-_Vi~,~- just yri ·Jr to _cl.nrk ~n Jrc".or to_ ~rcP:nlzr: fJr th0_ corein€ · ni(:htl E Ol)£r8tisns. If ~:-1ese T,r2r~inc heusen verc t~ ttt::~kuC b_y B.irt:rnf"t clurinE_· the tc--;;r, tl".o Chinese :rc:IJt:.incil ins1d.'e u:nt11 a C'~ir,;;ct hit -~Es l!ltl'.c on their c,.·J'n shGlter. ~h0 outs.tenCin;;-· 1i1Str nccs of this -)-r.:::..'cti·ce Vh:.s cj{-11101 tee'.. i:l. tf'~c Vf'.lloy ·uhich loC: fi'-cm B:ngRru-ri to the s ... utt".wcst n.:--.ic. in 't'thich oos.t cf' the 59th CCF :Jivisi0n asscr;1blcc~ l_rhen n)t_ ~0.nruirerinc, or attf'c1;1n[.

To minluiz:. the off.cctivcncss c:_f" air · enCt f.rt'illc'ry s tri:ccs ~ tho enemy- 2l~..rc y s chcsc· tc i£Lw1ch his t'!:;t~.cks 0x.rlnr: the hourS of C<:.T_r::-..rlc.ss.,. Stich attc~cks

1 c~.i::;b·Ji"l.str",;:·~tc-C c-xcE.:ilcnt unit _cocrf 1ni~ ticn <-lric'l t':r-::;o-J c-'J~.itrcol anC'., ncccrC"1nt; to c.S:,--:Jturcd <7ocur:Jents~ :."'eceivocl c lo.rt:;e· <::crtion sf ·t\tr:JSS ('._nrini" lJGrloC,s._ c-f trainin[. Tc r::£>int['cin Ccntrcl a.u::-In[ the -.sttc.ck, the Chincs2 co~Jl'Jyed. _wic~ely· both O_uclcs r.nd 't·1hlst1cs. The bu[le HC:E useCL :;r1rr:.nr1ly f'or

-··avoro.ll control 1:·Ihile the '>.Thistles socmec! tc be used tc c:c:rd.in.8.te tho ~c-"vc.:-.:.:::nts cf ::;e1e.ller uni.tc, porhn.ys c6mpc::.ny'-s'izc0 r"n~" b8lc~..r. These sound sicn.:ls r"erc usee to lnunch r:tt£·.cl>::s) sie:nt.l ct.t:nzc_s in 0.1rcct1Jh El?1d to br~·c.l\. off cont£'cct r.nC- :'.i.:-1_ D.ot ·r£Lit1n· const['.l'lt; but P~-r"".f'rr>nT.l ~J vPr1 .0"'~ fr"1:-:J. C'.c.v t·:~ ·0.av Rnc't from c:-n.-::: ~;:; t~-y;~::th.~-~:· I:'0t onlJr .f.~r· tr·J·J:) ~nc: unit control, th~.' hD.[ClC "n~ r~hiE:tl·-:- ~,,_rcr.:: c:::)loycc1 to.- crc['.t8 n::io~; ;.::,nC. c---:nfusi::::-n, -:n{'. <'~S }-·sychcl·J~;~icc.l "~:-:cc.~>Jns. ~h:. c~.ll !!1·: 2t r.:.:~c::·_:Ocrcc"' ty frcnt ~1nG. unltE tcfc>_s n:c-~:..s 11 ·rL:.cl·. th: Ch).nesc usct. a:.;:-p.r .. rently Cr::th ."'S E1 sj_~·n~·.l 2::1'. fer its ~Jsych8lcc~cr·l :t~.: ct •

.:::.~-·~,7 -r-'~- "=" .:..::-<~~ .nn -;;rvrsro~:

.... 'ilE"Cl:iAS"SiliiED "'

,DOD ~IR 5200.10 - 42 -

DECLASSIFIED

..

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·i'~i ''f-.- s!!

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DECLASSIFIED

• . . Q~ Deions~: C;~v~nti~n~l-Chinosc

Com:. }.llliE,t l':'.efensi'Y;c ,t:'cticE :.::nViGiO.i;l r:. c·.qtcr;r.lnoC stcn~ P.[;Et_inct .thE.na~n c.tt~ck_ of-·thEoncrr~y,_ :ln 6-:}-crc"l_in~tion.t-.ritt. .on:Vclo)ii1( fcrc:;s on cith-:..r fl.E'~nk e.nC .t-; r:oe.r c.f t:r~e e.•:"vrnc;:, att;c:.~.~Jting-. ~Gv iiPlCtJ~ £·-~~ta.c~ln_::; un1~s 1 Lr:c1 ~JrJvcr:t_ C.SC£l.l)0 1 r.:;inf-'Jr.c~c_:::JL~nt cr suy:9l~j.. ~f: j_s :_)rinci:;:-lc ~-.ras ncvtr fp.:!..ly ~::-~~Jli::"::". ('..urine the "..:r1cf j?Er.t::cl -u.~jJc.1' tl;li3 12-;.t.t GC? D_lvieic;r2 op]!cs.:--:::. the ·n.~·rthliE'.rC. t.(}.vr-hc::o' of .th2 7th ~-.. r.rincs tc1:U\.r.'l Bnc~ru-ri, nl th . .-:;uih frl c,·ue-nt ai;tem~_Sts l_~c"r£ rnr.c"':.e t: m-:.."~(\. intj tl1q _l(ft f'la~k Jf' the _r~--~ ir.:.Jnt-£1.1 C'~~1vEr.co. r:::h(~ c;.neoy c~f.r..-:. Snccs.:c:. in sl_i:.)::-1n-:?, in behint r_nC .. b2h·ro8n tho t'Nb .::-...-:tvn;lc.: b['.'ttrlir)ns: bric:fly ·on 3 l!o7 :::tQC'r-.· ·CJneto.nt· e.orle..l 6urvcillrcncc. i:;_n_~L-. nir c.nd. C'.l"tillcr•y c-tt:-.ot:c 1

in csnjunctl:::n r:i th h:.:2.vy f•::n.'r..r~..~ -~Jrs·.Seurc 1 -~ rcetly li.c:1 t cc; the on,~r;y 1 s cr:_:-J~.bili t .. y in ":!:1.i s rC/?l) c ct. ~'Jhilt: tt.c Chinese s_c.cr_ificG~ -~·n: c r:::~lct:: Civi..:.. sicn in tryln;:: ·tc halt o11r rr:v:.~J::-- in th~ ~l:C·r::.nc; arc_E in cnrly ~~-:vc-l:lb-8r~ 1-o._t-:-:r 0.-?-:fl..'nciVo- r1cti-::::-_,_1 by th.: T9th CCF Di-v_t_sic;~ s·,._u~ll. ~f 'Iur:.F.:l;-r::_, :;_)rior tc -t::hc: E'll-cut cct~nt.:~off.:neiv:, r;ree nJtl"li_j1[_" r:1:0r:: the-p r:_ ~t:rics of hs.rr.ssih:::_~ tcl<.ys. These bloc~:int._ acti_ofls ~-rc-rc : usi~nc<:'. t-~ .. :r_olC._ L'..lJ CUr Wc.VC no_rth £:.he"'__ "!lO§\t ·1(·n2: ~noL-.fh ~C r.l'l::;,,r tl:C' CCf ?qth ~:_,_rmy tc close -., n t~F'.t ·.?ci"'C·~ ~:r::-.~~ctrf1_tcr~:' ·t::; 2 .. SSUU11nG;· tho cf:--"'~nsivc,' "::n _27 ~'"'~vcr::".:;c.-r.

?he encmY1 s c:.cfcnsivc ·t:::.ctics ,,~t:r:o

be.sCD. ul~-on th~ ::::)reoi.sc thnt ·-::-<ur ntt<;-.clt t';--ul~ "bo ,..,...,...-f'i"'l.-.~ -,--.,.._.,,..,n,...~l,f t:-. t:t-,, ... _,.-.,...~0 nrt:P .c~nF t:>'='"-!: TT:--~~;}_C~~-;ttr;;~-~--_rt_iy·· c,_~~i~i_;(:-~-,~"t.Yi~~ -,--~t -1;:");;~~-· ---I~ · -· thie csnriGCti -n- t~1c S-·2., ?th E:--.rinoe rc::·r:-r~cC.: n·.,..,v u~~- cf n..:.· .... ur' ol' C"V"r-:..--'~ r"Ut'o of' ........ :-~ ...... ~"'ch D_ ~~...- , '·'·' --~ J ~· ._..,_ ., .~'-' - c.._;_;jJ.j. __.c.

intc c~r:I:Iy )c si tic!ls_,. th-:; ?th · E:;.r1n(;s lE'..unchc·l scv:crc.:l hi[;;hly suc~cr.ssfUl Pttr:.c~_;::s -'b~r c·t~£inin~--; the ·cl·cDcnt c:f -Sur--~f'lsc 011 r·n ~-~;:.r.rr 5.1s···n~u:. tJ ~?OVCr. r-:nly the: i:r<(~_s _pnC'; .·tr-/il~ '--·i~bh ·:.c~~rwl·/c_ fires~ J.Jike-.;,risc:; '1-).y ~:;rc·tc.~,,Tn ntt~ c~:::_.G cur trc--·'J:_~s

1·J.Crc ~c.blC t::; ~Jcn:::-:t;:r:£~tc enemy )0si·~:...-:::n.s 'in- t,¥h1ch ~c:hc anc.tlJ-'" ves .f"cu..'l.t: z_fn\_;~-~-- '-~1.tl1:u'!; e:~.rc'1. n.-:r:::u:l sccuri t-y ,:PoEt,cc1_." !:1. ·f·r::··iti'cn, cJntinccc' !?eve:.... me:nt &.ft(;r r':i..;TJ:. Gnt:bl;::C1

. -~UJ' .tr ~..;::: ~S- t--:: COOUr.y cn.:i:-;.y C.c:r_ensiv2 ~.:.:Jsi ~l:::ns: t,;-~ich- the ·tL'18Ps:::-.cct1nr.:::; C0.21 ht·C loft in Jr·:--:.or tJ £".,c:oc-rf!Jl.= ·['_t ::::c·ssin; e.rct.e. (ln tl-.,j,s L1st?:nqc.J t~'l..:. Chincs·cl .u:-~:on roturn1!1[ t·-:- tr.l:e 1.(: their C"sfcns:tvo :_-::'Jsitir::ns, ~.r8rc cr:.uf:·ht .in ·5ur hct'VY fires~-) :::::n 2~-~1 tc of the t."t:::i.~c inr:tt~nQ: .. s, .. tP,c cncny m. ..... t.c nc c.p:_Jr~r.:)nt chc.ri[::c_ 1n t~r} ~-SlJ.Cct· c:r his d.::fcnsivE:· tc:~tlos. n

'·"!har.,:;v:(;r :)csslbl,,-::: 1 ··1:h·;:; ..:::ncr:.y £'Vci---:.~--~

occu:~yrnc· the.·_ crcs.t.s .c-r. ri~;-. s :-r hi;~-):_ ~·rrmn,l r';-,rl:crc he V~Ul(~ ht.·v·o C'ec:'rf vuJ.(l-.. 'r-::-'::1-.. t:- -r!or attE'.cks. D(:f:nsi~~rc -.':oc-siti·::'lC rr~l'''-~ :et~blish~::r-:'.

en both .tllc f·--:'r"-.rer:-::. 'itnC r:·v~rn.=- c:..c::_·:ce. ~he· f-:::r:.~c-r~- ~:-:·osi t:!.nns ~,rc:r( :Jccu:.-_.L::f in tt.c. (1_cfcns J

E...:.J'~-:--q ~o :JIVISIC~-~ 5:::::::::-CIAL 1JECL..4.SS!liEO· ~

DOD DIR o~OO.lO ~~ 43•·-

DI<:CLASSIFIED

:;. :'.

. t:

'

"';";J._

.'l,.

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•

The _cricmy C:.efsnE?ive to.ctics,-c:l'\'nys 1nclucl..eC cour1to1"'attacks, both G.ur~ng Cc.ylicht ar.CL c1EJ.rknc6 s ~ Such e. ttftcks v,rere" ·'or tl:c banzr~i-ty-_;.;e [tnC '1ncluc1ad 1r,rhistle f'.n::t bu;;le s.iLnD.ls J

gh,-.n~1nr: pr;A nn~f!:P-r1RkinP' Rnfl f'f'n.nt:,~,'l-1 nnr,r>lllt.s ~---------~- -·-- --.-------------c.------------------------ ---~-:·v.ins";· bur :)os1tioris but· -~~-~ere of neitt-er the i!l.arl[itu::.;: ·n~r cl.e:)th the_t chE'.rfl_cterizGC. the rc[ l2lcc·r o:f'"::'snsi ve c.c tions.

tl. H0r.Cblo"cks r.nd. 118:1. .;.ttac::s:_ One of tt_.c :Jrir.:2.rY ·rcf'.t~rc-S -:::.f the ~C;,:fe:,isiVe C.cl£'ying ~LctiU:n 'or_·,nC.uct,::-,=:. by th;: Cl-.:.1::-les·-:.: C·et•_.·/0Ci-, EE·~:f'.I'Uri e.nc.:. Yudau:-ni -::.recs the G:<::tc.nsiVc usc c:'. i-·Jc:.fl_"t-locl\s, r:J.cst of lr:!l.icP ~-.rrr_:; n<Jt' c:)vercC:. *oy fire. ~he · ron.C.blocks M :_re us:_u:·.lly n,_~_f. e_ ~:f::ro_t;! r-,r tcr~'f'_ls T{hich cculc".. be ~_:::rccure:-: lscr-lly1 EJ'uch r.s lc::·s, bruSh c:r n:.t~rqy rscll.:s, or -r.rcr,,. :Tlf'.C'..G by tbc usc:· of (~6mJl14L:ms t-J bl2.ot h-Jlcs in th\3 rc.:-'.f.t.c-2 .• On en:: cr t~·rr: occes16ns a tc.nk C1.1tch r:.rf'.S c.n~ Cnunt-orcC.. :i.0E1CI. bl0Ck si'tcs -.:--.r2.ra usunll'y en £c she"rl:.; Curve. Cr in C:.e'f'iles; thcjr t._rcr: ,locP.tc.:::"'_ s-:as tc-- be -;,._r$11 covE.rec~ by positi·:n:s in ['.t.jrcsnt hiEh r~rounCL an::'~ i3ir.•JlD.'ccc: c.s to affor..:.1 mutuE lly SL:r_"~:;cY.t:l.n( fires oY D.utqrp.2tlc '·ifi,~_:l_~)Cms". Such r~r-C. blc_cl:.s t-.rcre: u.Ge0 01ost cf'-'-'octivc;ly nn 22 en( 2-9 l'~vvcr.:~bcr bt:1rt~rs::n Ea:'aru-r.i ,.,._nd Kot,-:-ri 'i-.rhe:n lr.r€_:-e c::.nvo'ys 1,,re~~, atiFck.:d r-.rtcr .t.F.vin: Q.:C1 stOJ:lpeG. by these o'ostP.Clos. :'h6 r.tt2cks a::-1 thosG occc-~si-::n;::" v.rert:: lc.unch3C:. fr•-.:n the~ hit;·h z__:rourrd Fhich cv.~rlooke·c. _th_: l~S~:.. ~ .• -:\1 P[c:inst tho cntir~ lcnt:~th cf tb,c c-::nv::ys t c-:n:>l--Jyinz: bctl--'e.utc·r.-£-_tlc "r.rc-::-~J·:Jn.E c . .n .... li._:ht r;1::rt~rs, .:--n::~ in "-nc lnstc.nc_c-; br.zr:ol>:::-.s. ·

DECT·4.SS!P'!.ED /._ . " ~~D_DIR 5200.10

DECLASSIFIED

• :::: '

,?,;:::~

""~ <;.·<¥"t!! ~t • ;:.:;~;i[:

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DECLASSIFIED

• The Chinese Co,nunist te.ctical C.oc-

_, trine ::.::·l[lces rrce,.t ctrer,tf u:::;on sever-tee p;:2R 1-s 1

a_s _vas· ev1dencN1 _._c1uF;int _,the- )erio:::-:. co'-.r.e-ret ·by . t.t.1s repbrt. The ir.1;;art.ence of t:"1is- ty-_;e. c::._Jer·ation ra~.y l:e~ fenliz~_c_ by _potint; .t~l2~_,thB ~~'rir.1P,ry

m:tssion of ~the entire 61:.,th CGF. 5ivis1cn uae to cut ~he,l1~SH behind our ·rorenio-e-t un:tt"e. !'.-':Jt only 1nciudlri£;' rood.bicicks e.no coori',inatoo .attfl.Cks, ·such -tact1Cs -c:.l_B_O e,::-~Grac8d. __ tl::e e:.'<:tt)risiire, ·fisc of C' ernoli tiOi:fS in. cat~sin[ lend-

- sliCes e. cross ti;ls road a·s in the 2.rca j l\St east of the Choshin"leservoi'r,_ and in c::.o'''in-:' out vulneraCl e ~Jo,rt ions or. the · ron·i or b:>iO c-0 s_, such as- ·uE,s c'e.rriec1 out between Xot·J-ri end Chinhuni.:_-.-ni r.lon~ the circ.Ui taus mor~_:1tc.in r·c.:..ss route. On_e instance of at.tEcJ~·tcCt briCt_ e dcstructlon at nicht oocurrqCL i:Jm·::;,.o: int_:::.ly cC.-· jacent to friendly t:r".::'.:J:;_)S at I-1ajon :::>s{l[ 1-,rh<:.n . th-: _Chinrs: set U~) e. ~f'.ch~.ne ;:_ ... 1n ()fl the favorable hi~-h crouna_ DC'.S"X' f". br1CE_.'(' t,nCL_ L1 cloee :')rox1mity t:· fricnc-:ly -,-~osi t~i-ons. ':.:hs enE:my t~e.n

;Jrccecc,_cc:. to set Off 0cnol1tions on the brlC.:_·e While wc.ch1~1E. c;un fir(· :>inDcd. dovn fricnt.l:{ -troops e.nd C:ivcrtcCt .attGnti:.n a-:-1C'y f'r·-!r:l the dGIDollticn e.ction. As s0on ['.S thE) job i.·:as finishfC. the Ghlnc;se ~'.rithCcr·:t:r·. _ As it turn~t OL~t the c~emoli ti:>n chli.r·gp ~-;rc:·_'s iaBuf'ric:ic·Et to cal~se . .:.estructirJn o'!: more the_n 2. soa_li ~Jortio~-: of the bx:'id[_:'e-. A reyort tt.c follo_crin~· C.Py rccel2..eG. tht:t tl'...rc.s ncivili.?.nsrr :b..E.d bscn :J'.lSE"rv•:o(

in the bY.idr:r: arec. on .tho •Jroc.;C.in;-- aftcrno_on; they haC. a~::_3t.rcntly.been s'8lc:ctins;,_,t~~f: :nost f't_vcrablc :c:;oe:ttion :t_n -r.-,'h:!.ct to· em~JlB.cc tl:_e mE'.-. chine :::un~ es •:,r:ll E'S ins::.2ctL1Z tr_.: bric:cc. It l-.ra.s in th1a sEtr:r.; ::cnc.n.'.l arce. tha~ ~~ e_roul:~ of 300 Chincss ·hrE'rc .-~~coun~:r.::c. 9n tl:.J K3~ 'Jy E'.

tank-1nfrntry ~le~tr'ol. :~:r:.crc th;::. cn.:rry r~tte::;n:.Jt.:C\

to knock Ol'.t our tc-;nl:.s by usc of se.tcl:).cl chor:~es

on tl:c . .:::nc:. of J.on.c otic.J":".s. s::';;-n~ f'lr::-: a_u1cl£1Y -.:?.is}",crscG. ~ne. c:.r-.::r~rc tt.:--;:2 "bc,c\: ..

I e~ Cover e_nc1_ Co:Jc.~2.ll1c;1t: ~hr: CCF ~roo;s h'•::.'r\.· ~.,Tcll-dj __ sci:"")linc"C ~n 1nd1viC.uccl ~,)t:.ssiV-:::. air d.:fnc.s.c:. Durl,n~ tho ~-c:riod ~)recE:1n~;:_· th·o ·l~--.unl;hL1[' .cf the Chtn2sc c·ount--:-roffcr.!_si vo, B.i-_r rcporte of troo:;::· con~entre" tions ,Fest o:"' OL:.r HSR. '".-~ere nonexistent., There v,rerc o-rily 0-C·Jasio::lal rc~Jorts

of individuals or swall {·T'::·lilJB. .C:._ctL'-EllJ~, c.t the.t ti:::c, ·th:::r~ ·hrcr~ at 1:~-ast --fcur C:JF C'.ivisiGn,s in tLt a:cca uncler surv2illancc. C::1c of the cost· frcou.ontiy usc.c1 ~,e.ss1v..: -E".ir c~_cf~ nscs ltJas the 11 :rrsCziri~· 11 '"'c·y CGF trc-:·-:::~;S ill c_ h:n2.cli:1;~· or cc;L'f'tt:!.n;: position t,~hU_(. ri~crE:.ft_ 1:-.rcrs ovJrh.:.2.c1_1 t;1vin~: the_ i;;l~Jre:sr,:;ion, n-:cc-rc".:tr ... £· to pilots 1

reports, of roc3:::s or st<.'.i:;..:_;b_ ~~_u: to ~he color of_ the.. Chinese unif-.::r:-:1 .. If' r--i;rr.f:~., ~};_r Chtnrsc · troo~Js t_.-.~oulC. fall l::urrcc:l~t(lJ' ~-~~L thc:ir· t~re.cks, rivi~C the fr:J:J·.T,rfn~z that tf:.·.;y ~-:r~c .. ~- 1 ;_u1·hit. They rom2J ... ncC. ::J.otionl~so until .::"c:l ·l;llr•c,t cf

A~TT-LX k~ TCJ DIVIS_ICI\~ S:·:='CI_~ _:.j).SIJ~,r _R~OTI.~ , . ssr:rnm , ,l:loD DIR 5200.10 ~ 45 -

DI<:CLASSIFIED

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• tl1o nir attack he~c:. pass .. jl. · l:Iovz..rr:r.nt w::·u.ld. tJ: .. -::-n be rcsun1(d... For usc in :;mow t~'lG CCF trcot)S held a jacl~ct ui th. a_ r,rhi~:2 lint-~. ~.rqich h:l::<C~ tl:-.er.:t to blund ii1. ,,rj_t_P. the lE'.nc"'!.sce.pc:j. scr.-~o e.lso Lp,d a shawl or ce.pe ...... lll:~ covcrin; ;,rhich t~lE.y us oC'. to covt:.r .t~e~selvcs in E squ.e.ttine· :1os1:::ion, Civinr,~ .. the ap:;?~-ar.e._ncs o.f' a .small hc:.:rstc:~clt -:-:hen vic~.-.rccl frog1 ~-.:11stc:.ncc.~ _ :rP.E.: ;J::JBition:;!l[" of vcB.)Otls 'by the CCF co c.o to. fit in ~-dt(', terrain fca'turcs uas excel],. ant, !lla:;....inc t".:"H:~m 1if':ff_cul t to lccaj;c Ecnd knock out. In ad,cition, in sof.lc 1nst~nc~s the cmerr.Y mc-,c~c ;;:-cod usc of lcc&.l rr:atel:'ia.ls to cE~.mouf16E,.:-~- ];")C~iti.o_ne; · in others he maC:o.no attsm::Jt_ 12~ [:il t9 ·q_em,JLlflag::; suc.h th1:1:...;s as cntrcnclirnEnts and :.:un ..:;osltions. F:.:r sl}cltcr, t.hc Ch.ines:::: 1nvc.rinbl~r us.J·i oithcr c::·vcs, mines .cr nat.ive· hous.~s ·ctu.r;i:-J.[ the G.a~tli[Lt hours. ;'hc~y Glede 11 ttlc a·:;tem:;_~; t-8 conceo.l tr;; c~:s 2:.nCL t;r-.s.il s r rh:t ch ii1C.:tca t oc~ :.:.s:; c.roUl"lC.~, an( 1,-.:e.C:in[ .v.:;r to, ¥~1~·. S~1eltcrs~ _r~~ is siL·nif.tce.nt that en~ny cnnc-uflot_:c£. (11sci:)l·L1c btca.'!lo "ccnsid.crE'~bl:v· more l'a:: aft ,:;r hs l:EJ.C' btccn in cortlb~'.·t end i~Jos~~- t"o etr, _stri~O·s f'cr sovcrE'.l

l days. . -~

· .. ..f •. I~isceJ,lan.ccus: _,?.s·;~,r_~l:oloc;lccJ. -;:q.rfar~~, cm:,loyinL :-,_}rope.;:.:ane.a c-.ne:. .saf'e ccnc"":.uct l~.c.fJ.c:;ts, ("round~E-~.nc~ c.irborne louc"'csyGa_kc.r ~~tst:r:.s, :.~·rcvo:J. virtua.l~ly ii1cffoc\>ive C-fCcl:r.lst tl~_::: ~\rcll-tre.in:-::·cl enc ucll-'G.isCi):).incd CCF solCicrs. ..'rionsers ste .. ~cf thrit tliG :!;)enal ty for '"c.einf' a~y._:::."cl::;n~..::C_ bv th,~ CC:r;' f"nr cAr.rv"f n~ s~~rrF'ln.~ ,-,... l f>:."',f'l ,-."!':~ Pn I':

h8E.v;t ~ , s~rVC11iit<1 c e-cf 'thC- i :~.~~i ;1dU~~i- ~~ic.i ;r :r.u:.s s·t~ict ·all.f. ~lf:1C~ c.r.:.:l_ e_lloFc_:! l'_im Virtm.'.lly no fre.cC..o.r::'! cf .;1cvci1o::.nt. :!c-rch ~-;::unish-.~.cnt r,Tc.s. im!-:o's·c~ .on thos_;::· \·,y2:J.o _sh~11cc.' il:(:'.icc>.tionc of C.cfooticn. Only e_ fen ·1n~~iv~.\~~t;.2l L~stLnces TT-2!:'2 repOrt c0. t.rhcic sarr:::m:~cr _lcc.:fl ,:;ts )l.s.:tE.t. a ~::·art 1r'i tl::.c (:U:rrcnC.::r of any Chines~ sol~:-_icrs ~ In most cases. they hr.d alr.:ac:'y C.es::r~ccl ~:·ria!" to finfin[ the lse.flct.. Gr--:un0 c.r:_~- c.ir~::orp,p lond-n.,,.. .... 't,...,,_.,.., ~t~,_.;-- n-;r-~.,....1 ;+·1;r -'1>-.~'f'.,.~-::n+~u.~ .c."'· f·...,.,.... oc ~.i .... '-'-·-~.._-.,;;;; ,,._._..,,_ ..,.,. •• ;,_,.._ .... ,...._.._,] -~•'-.:.-'-vu..o..•~ '-•'-' ..1..-'-"..1.. ~~'-'

rc,:-orts frDm iJris.oncrs ,,,rerG co::J.ccrn.:d. Our trOo=.)s· ['"t Yw:c=...m-!11. .rc~~::or~.;C. tho."t follG':·rin~ the hcevy Ct.;.1n2st count,:,rLtta.ck c. g-rou~) of m-~tncsc a~··:;ro-~chr:cJ, c:.ur f'ront 1.1.;~2.8. ~·mv:tn~,. Bt'."...,rcr"(" ::..r lec.fl:..-:te ane. t~:;_Ja.rcntly uith the in't.:ntion of' surrcn:7cr1n;:;..·. ?rfo.r to .rc:ach1n~ our lir~cs, ho:.'.'CV ..:.r ~ tb ... · CC? troops suG~:i':mly rc~chc::'":. (:m, .. rn [l.r~c. sti'_r~c-;_": :/ick.i:l.[ UD· rrce..::::·OD.S thcrt ?lEe(·. been dro~_-J}_)CC. by_ their oun troo:?9 in th.c:. bc.t~le tr.c prcccC.in[ tii~·ht. ~h,~y then ~n.~l"'J.c~"'.. bccC!l: un:lcr ccvor.·

e. Gen:: rel: .. ~n .s.cc un: t c r.::.cc:v.~lt r:n:~ swf:1['ticn .of thf ci_:c:t::"'ilcC~ ·uf:'cct on ihs ::ric;::y of

DI<:CLASSIFIED

• • < ~ .'

• "-·{{

•

.. -, '·~:.

• ;}~~~:

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DECLASSIFIED

our D:Pert:.tl,::m_s ·Qurint; ·ttl's -pr(piod Is· vi_rtuc:lly impcssi.tla CUp t;:J thG. cxtrei!:8lY E'-~--v0rS2· a·onc"1_itions unc-:.cr -'i-·Jhich the bulk cf tho contc?.Ct ~,~1 th encnY tyrc12S. '"'"as .:nE_c!e. - Tne· nature ·of -c-. .retrof.~E.cle B6vcxrr~nt,_ ~s Fa.s the .flrrhtinc after 27 }Tcverribcr, _is_ E:l1·,r~·Y? such 2.s to _";_')rCClt.:.C.c tho aCcurate eV<iluc:-t1cn,_or both· pcrsonp0l_ E.nc equipment lo'sses 1nfl'i.ct . .:.d. on tho ene~y f'orcos; hovcvev, ltifarr.:H.tticn fr'cr.-1 :r~ont line rifle _ccwpc"lnicS· r:.:t1_t frDz :~?i-1soner 6f r.Je.i' 1riiC_rrotat1an~ htE cont:ributc'-l suf'fl:cien~ly f,Jr· El (;;encrel asaes~::n.r:.nt or €:nEmy losses to b_c m£'f'l.€.

·b~ Enemy Cq_sut~l tics (:{1-: 1:e. e.rv~ ;;ounc:cc"'.):

Friot tc thE: coillmshccmc.iit Of" thi Gi.11I).cs~ CJ:n~ munis-:: com.:~trroffu1s_iv; at Yu('_ar::t-ni- on 27 i-·ov.Jm.bcr1 an, estil:--.st.sc'- .2,-.~!GO ·enemy h~.~!_ "';:)een ·csti:-:·,p_t;:~~k1llcc.l. in actla:n by u:J.it·s of t~1is Di.:iis1on~ ':'f'~is f'igt..u•c .csb:::-·e.cec1 cc- sual"ties inflict a;..-: on til::: Ibrth Kcre2-n fu.erril,l~ torc:s in th.: :Jivieion zone, .f.O ~..-ell '~s t.h9 .. ~.i: _941-~t;,t'~.t-\_f:'R _j_;--;fl_lct;:i~_ by

·the 7·th. lfarln.es :f._n. tn,.e f~Vt;J-C.~y clrivc E'.[J'inst the CCF J.24th Division i'.roup.C. $u:.O:.onc. ~hf' r.::lGSt

itlpo:rtG>nt result o_f tbJ.s 1.;:-tter OlJer~ tion is ccnsid.t::rcd. to b0 the f"2.ct tf~e.t- U:e 12-~ th Dlv~siOn loe_seS ~.rc~e hi[,h c·nour::h to lm~er its c::::c1b>:>.t e:ff"eCti v.ene:ss tQ alma s_t zero. S evcr»"l :Jri son 2rs str.tc,4. thr.t lossas t,j the l~>::th Divlsl::;n he·~becn e.s' hir:h c.s 75~· _p.ncl. that th:.; _c'.ivisicn hrc:. been nl~ost yofl)lCt2lY c~ie::rcanize:C~. ·

(2.) Froc 2.7 ,Yovcr:',bcr untll l2 '-·::.cGmbcr, th8 lJ erioC ln ~-.r.hich tl::.c 9th CCF ~:..~rrJy Grc U~) atts::t)teCL t.J {.Gstro;T tilis ::Jivision in the·· Choshin "e"Cl:''l~ir arc• th~ f'IJ'ill'S' 0 ltf$croc1 "n est·< '1"+:-~-~ n .., v .... ,~,- _.._,._. v. ':-- '-' "'._ J._ .. ~.. .._~ • ..:.· "Y'--

wir~i::num of l9 1 0CO. _p;:r_.;. _£'.~ r~-sul.t :,f' L_T·:unP- 20ti·::m~ ?his t;.Stil~:ctz -1s 1::-P.c.:.:c: \-1-~)on ro)orts of frontlL1e r11'lo cctl)ELj1~~o,_ Pettc,.lion r.m1 rc·c·tr.:cnt~1 CE'.sus.lt~r C"·stlmct::;~· E'.p.c1 ·in.f'Oro~t1cn fr:Jn:- ,J:!:"1son~·r.s of -.,..re_r. In ac.~~-_1t1on tc these bclicv.:>~: killE:C. in nf"''t-:11'"'-i'l 1 C! -t-''1---r. """'+-~ -n...,+,-. ,-..pI"] ~1".:\ _..,,....-.,....,u ,..~,,...co1rl.,....,.-,,-~ -...~.-.....,__,~,., .....,_':" '"'"'"""'--' ._..._,,_,..__ • .._.._,,. '-'"'- 'fV'-''-' '--"1..1.'-'""'-~1, '-''--'~~,_,.._,__,_..._~~·

to hc .. ve bcJn r"Joun:' of_ in 2.Ct1on. '.i:his cstir.lf'.tG is bf'.SGC~ u:.JCln th8 rP.t!.o of one 1:roun ... ~.cc:. for ovory t1-'C Gncmy kllleC... ~he total of killed ant1 1,munc-;.cc. 2-s- r; Gult a:' f:.rcunC. acticn:.. is 22,5CC~ In 8.·~-:.-~'ition, th~-let Iv1C>,r1nc .Air ~-!in::_. csti.~nrto•'thF.t F nini.:-uum _o:f lO~oco' enCn:y h2.CL beon 1-::illod 1n £>.ctlcn :.-ue to _E1r ~ttE;.cl{S ~l:Jrinb the. t eeme :-:.JcrioL~. li1th th2 riu::b2r of voun-:.cc CEtir~~tcr""L on t.l-u:: srmc ·rt'.tlo es E-bOV3 1 the ·total ~ncmy cc.suc~ltic.'s tor t~J.iG ·::;~C.rioC. froR "!:;,._.Jtl: [__T'"ound. c:.r.C. £.1r e.ctlcn nrc e-st·!.:::£'1:;!2··: t·J b.:: Ebc;It o oininw:n of' .36,000.

(3) 71!c f·b~vc fl~urc Ca~s not lnclu~o any csticr:.tc of' ri6n-:-br.ttlc cr.or_.l.s.l"'ci. s.. _.::..ccoj_"d.:.nc to the ·_-::ri.s-::1r::::rs, ['ttrit~:J~l .:~.t:c. tc frc:cziri;-,

- 47 -

DECLASSIFIED

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Korean War Project USMC-00106344DICCLASSIFIED

•

·. ,~(1) Tho t(tP.i~n~wb::r.or~·F·.,~)~ C~l~-t~.~r~.--2_, ,)r1br to th: 1niti('J.. ;ncount~r. "rtth th;. QCF

__ tro?!J.-S on .2 rovz'":lt_er•._ ~-.9·:~?-:'t·se·_~ ·· · · · (2) ");';:,,z"'.r'cv~mrt~·t.c is D~ccci~cr·, .tr.s

actio_p froiD Y1,1c1.'1rr::-f1.1'' stt;J.:tl:r=r-re.~C'~ t-:- Enr,:httn:r rwC't.c Hn accurE':te -EtccDur;tt~n_(t· b'f !'·1ie_ 1;n90ss1Cle. · _11lany ':-rare releasee. or Csc·a-JeCt ur..t'' c<r fi:.,c ~,Jhile a

,_lc:.r[e nn.m1::-.2r of t..r~·unC(-;:...-_ pCr(:,_ "Sr-::::::.ted £>.nf left · bchi·n~1 . ._.._s ouf Colu'r.iT-~. in:-vae_ ·5outh~-tnrd. ~hr cs-

t1I!'.£.t ec1 n1.tr:1bcr of. F·~c cn:;__Jtv.r~~:,- _ :1 urine; t!'.:E.~. pcrioc:L 1·s 200~ ... :-~.: ~ -·

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·No ctl.8.ngc from ti~e 'b;J1,..n:r"E;nts .and recor..:n~ ilc1q __ tions. contq.ineCt in _,_~nnex 1-1_::,y~Jt_:;i}o S~-::ccia.l Action Report tor_ the Inchon-'.8eo:..t~. OpCra<~;ioll.

/ .. •- ..

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DECLASSIFIED

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ar Project U

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C-00106345

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C:olcnel C4658 T~S:fC ''fJ06 ' .. tCol · (5433 ~-·s:w C802/C840 i ... c •.s:n. ~~rue. ,;.·tajor

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Chief of Section ;.•cO-in-Charge API ::CO-in-Charge Combat Intell ~!CO-in-Chnre;e 00:3 API Coc.bi:.t Int~.ll ·rru Li~orE<.ric.n

API Drc.ftoman St enop;raCJh"r l'roperty HC:O CIC Cler!<-':'y:;oiot 003

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• .APPENDIX II TO ANNEX BAK!C"l. TO D!VISIOK S?EC I.~L ACTION :n::::;;;b1.T •.

COUNTE:'liNTELLIGiWCE

l. lst iviarine Divisl-:>n Cnunte::-intelligence functions during the ::Je:':'i'1d ~0f _t!::-is -:re:Jort we.r.e carried out by the l6lst · Counter-IntelUgence Gor.vs

·Detachment. .4i:-·:=~)8ndix v· t0 ~nox~ Baker tr, Opert=~.tion Order .16-50, dated 9 .Oct~ber .1950, aso1gnec1. .this Detachillent the wlseion of proteqting ·the let Larine Di'tliEicn. ft•cm ss.br,tage"l' es.pion~ge' aubv9r-sil"li' .. ar.d. guerrilla action; .the liquidati'ln C>f the clorth. ;

· Korean Labor ?a,.ty aild North Korean inte lUge ne-e · agenc.ies; the ar;:oest. inve sti!la tion. inte,.nwent .'Uld/ oi' Lnpri.SOnrJcnt ~t nffiCials Ei:nd me;ub€rs 0f K>'"lr€an organizations and individuals \•Jho.oo aoti'.'ities jeopR.rdize the security nf t)1e Division; and tho inv0stigat1on ot ·uridergrr""Jlind- 9.nd sub'vcrslve political movements.

2·. ~he Detahhait:nt. ~rE"~s co4!po.Sed r:d: e1gl1.tccn· ( 10} wC.CbE're 1 includirq~ the C')Uu:lallding <OffiOC.!', Piaj~I' HilL;•d F', DC'tG:-IE':'lTY; 9: r'ie.rine ,fficer 9.nd nnnco:nwissionsd r'Jf.fice!'- f!':r""Jill the Dtvisi':l!l G-2 Secti,..,n; and nine ( 9) i>:.oro3.n Ne.ti,na.ls.

3. On 11 and 12 Oct,.,ber, the Det3.ohment en:b·Jr':.ed 1.Jith Divi.sion u.nits. in Inc.hon h?.rb,r. Cne t·N(Im.in CI,C! team,. with l:_,...,rf1an 1nteryretc~s ... t':!'--B assigned to each of the lst, 5th and 7t:1 Ea!'~nes,

:t:h'? r-clli.alning p.::..rsonne.l ·wt:rB attaoh~d t0 t4E.' ~~:JC ·Group for the proposed landing.

4: On 26 Octo":J€!r l950J this .CIC Detachm0nt c._cba:::'k.~d at iYonsan, i•:.,rth K'>::-ca. CC'nt!'ol P'lint Wa$ estnblished ).n the City ,f 1·1,.,.nsan 1·1hich two-rlll).n GIG

·tca.ns opera tinD wi t_h eEtch fJt tho rogi.u:en ts ..

Upon ontering the city nf VTt;r..e-:.n, agents r:of tlU..G c:r:c D~t3.tJhlLient SC3.!>':Jht:d th€:.: Chinese e.nd ~usei~tn GcHH::n.J..LBI.rcJS, No d.ooul.!l_(;nts_, :9n.~:>ers, n'"'r :oe:rsnnnel \J8I'8 di sc0vercd 2. t "i th~X' ulac o. B0 th had b2 en Crynsider5tbly ·dai:naged by bnw.yln'f;s '1r she~llngs.

Liais,n 't~JS.S i£Eint,r:.ined Hi th :the K::"Jroc.n OIC and. locP.cl c.ivilian pt11ice. 411 ro:,Jnrt.s I'JU guE"r!'illa act.:!.v1ty 1;Jere giv8n dir2c_tly t0 the rt:gLncnt cnnccrncd rr t0 th0 .divi~inn G-2.

. on· 28 Oct~b8r 1950, during a search ~f the Kangwon-df) ?rr:>sccut.,rs Office in WrmsanJ ccrtfl.in d.ocuu:.onts :;_Jorta.inin6 t0 th8 activities· and r;.:o~:.:.,..,a.t1~n of thf: Prosccut0X'S Offico were il!lp.,undcd :end screi;;nsd~ .ci.m0ng thG i te1ns f,-)und.. in the 'J:t"ns.::cutnr-•s Of'f1co W:J.s thirteen (.13) 'pr'>undA .n:r n. dEt:rk b~0·NnJ. sticky gUi!J with ';lll -acrid, 1:;1 ti-vr. nFtuso,.,us t::tste ~nd a honvy .pungent nd.0r. thro.u;-ht t . ..., be ra.\r-;- '"'Di-u~n .. · The supydsad- opium .w:1s f~rwa"<:~~i tn th•c G-2, lst , . .arine D.ivisi·on t("lr an.e.lyslA.

During this pcri("td th'"' -=:n!'t.::.n :;:o De.tnchiJent in. 0 onjUnctf("l~ ;\,rfth thi_s CIO ne. tachiJI, nt I •, scrtJcnod two hundrod· (ZOO) pcrs'lns thought tn he influcnt1"1

APJ?ENDIX II 1': ANNEX BAY.E"l. TO DI1'ISION SPEC:AL ACTiuN Olli?O'lT.

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communists, en i N~.;,:en)o~r l95o; the K~rc'ln C:i:C IJ.nd-·oivll auth~ritios initi'ltcd a syetem ~r :t-:1.:-gistr~ti~p- ,-,r all ·,;,:rinns livin€; l.n the· 'llr.ns'ln Area.·

. On 3 Navo.illbPr 19So, this det'lclli,lcnt, ml.nus " J;1-io-IIl;a11 CIC T.c~in with· 1nt~:Hj?,...e\;_,~~r.1 t-rhio:P. wo.s ,....n. duty

- ",ith tho. lst l'larin<:: Reg1a1ent, dop9.rtcd Wr:nsan and adv1l.llced tr, Huhgns.:n, Gr,ntrnl P"int wn_s cstctblished at HU.ngh:t.rn· with t·€a.ins attached t" the 1st, 5th

·and ?th Regi•rent-8. The rcgiJaent'll tc'lms: in addi··tlim tr) their' assigned' ere missinn' utilized t~ra.~n

c1v111nns to penetrate _the enclll}i lines_ ar,d return with pn !3i tiyo infnrua ti0n r:f gu-crr-•illas e~-1d ensL.~Y" illnv·cwc:ntS. · · · · ·

On '5 N_'JV£mbcr 19001

t-_T.!Pnt:v ron) .c.nY.P!t:n1no n,..,ints were ostablisheQ. within ~,flfte~;:;- h5 )-;ail~ ~adius 0f :1ungt'lam" -These· c:P.e~k P"'lnts were .-nanncd by "Vigil::.nto {}rcmp~n· during the d'lylight h~Ul:'S, and by :Pr~liGc:· durihfi t_he b_.-,il_:Ps r"lf d"l!"knEieef under ~he suporvlsbn' ~r l·lat'iV-8. crrc. . . . ' -·· ,.,.

·'- A CiJG _Team was .g_+·:r.en:_-t...~e mi soi,..,n n·f thnrl-,ughl,y chocl~ing the, port n:r-·Hungn£'.ffi f"r p·nssiblo encoy f.mbv8rsi-ve actin·ri. .

Infnrm.."l...tintl W"lB r~ceiveU. ths:, t 2."·/or,.,.xirnt\tc ly five hunccr·od and e~ghty (580) p~liticAl pris~n-ers fri"J.n the Wonsan Ci_ty Prisr;-n h11d bc;,n c·xccutod rm 9 Obt'Jbo:r. l950.. i.~iost ,;f th,.,eo eE.ecuted _1~1 E:l.""B. Chris-tians. Invostigati~n w~s ~nstiga od in ~rdor tn dotormino 'tho names nf' the p<!rS"nS.killCJd e~nd the

. ·na~es pf th0so re sp,...,nsib?-c 'fn_r tho (,!xocu_tir.ns ..

0;,_. 9. Novemkr 19:SO, tUrty-nne (31) bnxos were loca1;;_1]d und.vr- a o·;nc:r-cte f~.rJnr ·Yf th_. bu:.ld~ng which was ·tor.:lerly used by_ thu NKLP~ these bnxcs c0nt!:.tined Pel.'san,._l Hist~ry Sts.tellicnts .-,n ".11 Cnrumunist in the \V0:1s8.n Ar8Et.. ·

()n 18 Hovemb~r 1950, pursuant t.-, the auth~rity,.cnntnined. in D/n. l'ies~w_ge K.A..-:t 955481 1 1-Tnvcrnbe;r 1950J ti1is tf.i~.r.L. ~1;'\-S ,...rganized e.e the l8let CIC Detachment,- effective 20 K0vembcr 1950.

Hut1gnaw B1•anch of thtJ G:r•et'!. t K11:t"f-,.-tn Yr'>ung ~nan' a Assadiil. ti~n (Rightist) inaugural ""' cting Cr>nvenrd in Hungnam on 19 n~v~,nbcr 1950. OfficiP~ls were elected ~Uld t~r3 il! h:)}'£:·8 _a:n~- p 1.0-nS f0r thD future Nore I"JUtlined e

!rho for'war'd GIG 'l'ea;;s <".1 th the 5th and ?th L'liarinc !bgiments !'Cp~>!'to4 clw · llcnt results frr>m the usc 0'£-. Kore.;tn Li3J . .sr)n dtfir:k, reprf:scntativos as _otic~ l~W? ·crossrirs. 'ihc~_Se· l?tp!"es n.tatiV8s, Kf'lroarts, wet,: '"lf 1nva1uEtb1c assiet:m~c in tho, collecting .-,r P'f')Bitive nnd Or')untcrintclli.,;__c:n.cc: ini'"..,rm~~ti"n. Like'wiae, the;.: wore. utiliz:-ii. "'" guides e~nd cnuriers in scei~Qhlrtg f0r 'lnd rGct"!v:~·-y nf t·-·.'180 ·infmbc!'s lfl! tl).c t.,TN ('lrC.ps l·?h.-, t·wre ·v:~..;.!Yif.:d. ~!.' :·:r:l.S,..,n-·rs .....,f the enJwy" f11r.cos. All rc;ynrts ,....·f unsit±.vD infnrJJD.ti·-m wer? given ~r. ·the ~-2· ....,":' _·G-:-2 c_;mce~n,:.d.

AI?PENDIX II TO A>-"-EeX BAI:E:~ ?0 lll'.IS:ON SP";CL\L ACTION '\EPORT •

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j:\epo!'t nn the Nn!'th Kr'lrc:ii\r. Pnll tical D<Cfeneo Bu!'OaU (J?DB), was. ci>mptlod., l.J:;,8 nve!''l-11 misctnn of. tl;ie PDB was t'> invc stigate 'J.ll pe•~Mns, !'D"\Cti,nary groups· and .-,·rg8.n1zn;t1rin'i3 Wh:tcf~ .wight. be o,...,n ..... eidercd det!'imen·tal tn the "bj0ct1ves ,f tho Nnrth Ko!'oan Pooples :Gnvcrnute?t. ·

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, A fnrmer _illCrohs.nt J 'Wh,.., wn.a nrder·ed trl act ~s an a,sp'i'>n".ge agent f'l!' ·the PDB ·in n.!'dC!' tn ·nbt9.in pe!'missinn tn t!'ade between Nnrth and South K"!'C~ wxii· inter!'ng01tod, 'In .!\do.1t1,:;n t,.i the ospi"q::.ge ,ct-1 \l:Lt 1es, the i.JC!'cho.ri t wtis c'>mj}alled t" tu:rn .-,ve!' ten (la) pe!'Cent tn twenty-five (25) pc!'cent -If hte ~o.d.i.ng -.l:rot1 ts t,.., th.B Tl"')nhei Tr£tding Cnrr!!:YtllY (Hungnau•), w~ ich h,:o\d iS cued his nrigin'il t!'e.ding permit. ·

Bluep!'ints and m~ps nf all hyd!'n-eleatric pl9.ll_ts in Kotn-;roi rl.rc~ wer·s discnv2rod. ~Those-· .. p!'lnts nnd pl:.ns wu:re used by the D1v11 Eng·tnecr1ng Dep~rtu.ent ,.,f the .P"~n>r pbnts. Elev8n (11) cans nf the dncuwents ~re:re buried a·c·.ornx'imo.toly 600 Y:'!'ds north _,CJf -Power Pl::tnt #~ a~ T~nghl.:lng-i-1. These d""l·cuUients Tt,1 e~e .turne"d nvvr· t'1 tiN. Fprces Bngineers.

, A· .Tapanese s'te..t"a"re nn duty .:Hl th the UN· fox•ces a:t the port. r;f" Hunfgtam wn:s a;pprehe!ldecl and G'lnfessed th'lt he 1 in add1t1nn t" twn nthcr Japanese, ha.d been pJaced upnn the Shlnann-nn!'u, by l-eftlsts eleDJ•~ntp; ln .T:).TI.qp, and r"'rdP;-.~id tn or-induct e.ap·iona~c · t.-,r thC a,.;~n.~.~is·t l!'"rcee. ~ho steved'""re fu!'th<!' stated that. the Japan Cnmmun1st Party ( JCP) wembe!'s we!'. t'epn!'te·aly englnee!'ing an extensive espinnage ring between Japan .and Koroa by utilizing Japancs_e ~ati.r·ma~s, e.JJ.pl~y_ed as pnlted Nat1'"'ns stev<1dn!'e s. · · · · · · . ·

· Chemio1:;1 Engineer' nf Hungn"o.n1 'le search. Institute admitted hie >art· Tn ·the- rv Ser-l.~,..ch and pr"d.ucti"n of gu.'1 pr'}".'ider, Illincs, pnisnn gqs (benzylc-ch~T'i"de) and nit!'n sta!'oh f~!' the '''inistry nf Indust!'Y, N~:rth Kn!'8a. The D,o·o.n nf the Cnllego of Engineering in th~ UniV-O!'sity nf Senul and many nthcr chewical en~ineers were cr...,ught t.., .N,.,rth K~ro-2 ae advief')rs. hos0 engineers \otere tq,ken nnrth 9.B the ~iPA f~rces fled f~nill the ~OK F~rdes,

Additional iqf'l!'li!'.ti..,n yC':'to.ining tn illeg'Ll t!'ade betwoc•n N'>!'th Knr•'a and Japan b¥ Bnnynng F:tah.::ry Co,Llps,r.y nt 1-'/'f"';nS'ln r.bt-qlned. :t>.e PDB cn.-glnee!'ed the ill2gal t!'~ding nf alcnhnl in exc~:.nge

fnr eluot:rio ill'ltn"S and c"PP~!' wi!'e unde:r the guise ~ the Chrii~Un Tr9.ding a,.-.1pany in June 1949.

Two leftists cells, p!'ceuru·1.bly nf the NKLP ware formed 'IDd ,n_ 7_ Dec 50, t'l-:t8 npcr-:"~.ting in Hungno.ffi city, N"rth l:'lroa. Mditinnal cells wc•ro f'\!'*ed by students 9.nd yrmng P''"Pl'' thrnugh the guida.noo "'r nlder pcrsl"\ns Wh" _pr(~vinu~ly ,held po61 tin1is in the !n.CLP. ·

APPENDIX II TO .ANc{'cX BJ\KER TO DIVISION SPECIAL ACTION ~O!f!T.

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DECLASSIFIED

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DECLASSifllo e • oi£C~l:

Ai??ENDIX II TO iiN:iEX BAKC:". ·TO DIVISIC·t' SPC:CL\1. ACT ION 311"'1'0 ~ •

Ono of tw' Undurgr~und cells ~r th2: NKLP wo.s n:1;:.10d .. th0 lfRcd_ Grrtupi. ·•TJ::l0 n~od Gr"'u:;.)-n _WD..s tf'\ p!"lst ·c""l __ Ul1.1.et pr11;;}n.g6.nd'l, 9.SE!9.ss~nr.'..tc lncql g-'>vcrn .. ;cnt 'lfficictls, 'lnd 'ltt?.dk P"licc bnxos '18 S'i')tt 'lS th-Ji;r wei:::.b~_~rshil;{ _"Wl.S "'f suff'j,cient strength. .Fnr the Puruf"lso .... -r oetir.,.,uf'J..'lging t~"'lt:~ir und.crgrrJUnd Mtivitlcs~ le'ldc.rs nf this gr"U" j'lincd th;; Student V,lw;>t""'r Lef\gue (Rightist),

'A .m.e!1ii.1~e nt 'tliC_ :*~~ed __ G!rtUpti W':i8. held !lt SuhrJ-r1, Hun:gn.,,:-u, N,.,rth _K'"':rB~ r"ln 5 Decewb.::r l95q. ;rhis •ilOOting w~s c~nduct.cd.'ls" "gcot acquo.intca.• P"~~ty. N;; -.ffiCil.l bUs.tness w>s diacusaci!.. . '

. Tne icader nf .the «aed Gr~up" st'ltca. tho.t he ltT"'lS i?;btort thE:! mieSil"!n "'f'~rr::~!tgrtnizing leftist gr"upa in the Hungnctul. _'1r0a by l0o.ding m111 tn.ry C"l41Wun1st, wl:)cn he wns di~chf\rgcd fr~rJ th~ N"rth l!:'lr2cm \hvy, ·in .Septeillber 1950.

The~lci.:.de;r c,f th~ it~id Grn~p" cell was arrcetcd by the 'Dail.".an Y0uth C0rps "ll 7 December 1950, 8-ubject le:;tdBl""; 11ras ai-:t-; .. ~q::ited baoaunt: ,-,r his :prt-Vi'l1.lB service with the ?hrt):i'r(,,.0.;rl N'3.vy, 1-io.s th-,rnughly 1.nterrogatcd and rel,~S"j,_s·oa th~ f'nll.l'"'lwing ol"'r·ning. PHR nf' i"r:.!"Jc'f f'!,., t"'!ht.q fn f1t'i f'~l"! r.: Yr111t:h Cn~_q _ hv th 1 R --- ·- --:-------- ·:-.-----"-- -~ ---- -·--- -.r:-~ -- .. --------

Detachment.

On lo :pocember 1950, this Detaohoent dopf'.rted Ht.ulgna-DJI __ N"'rth Knre_a, _wi_th 9.dv.:J.nce eleu:ents ,.,f the 1st ~-'lrinc Piviai0n •. CI rcsp<ms1b1lit1ce tuJ?ned <'!Var t'> '210th CIC Detachment, ;x: Cnrps, APO 909.,

' ' . '

OP. 1.$ Decewbcr ~950, this DetA.ohrrront. arrived at ,.ca.san; South K;.,rcca, via Pus'ln ;o,.,rt. CI reepnnsibil~t.ioo fnr the lc t l 1.l.:'l.!"1nc Divicion znnc o!' rosponsio111ty iJ.Ccept'cd rrnw the J!,a,_sau Off'1co, ?04th OIC Detachwcnt, 2nd Lngistil')al Un..,,c3.nd, APO 59, on 17 Docu,;ber 1950.

APPENDIX II TO Al\TNEE BM::E:'\ TO DJ:V::s=o!'T SPECIAL ACTION :'\Ei 0'\T.

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a.. ~:_S?h.:: ·~)_rc;I.i;mina;-y plann~n-] :_Ji1<'is:: of the :.tori san O~:.;ol"ation commcncec:_ on· 5 Octobc;r, l ')50, c.t X Cor-.... Js .Ee~dqunrt;;.rs r,._ri th tflc tarn:;.Jer.;;.r;;· E'.ss1c-;n.m0nt a·f' the _:~erial ?hotO[r'B)Jhic IntJ~::rctP.tion ';:'o.sn frcm_:tho 1st 1-![:.rl:P.c D+Visir)n Int-cllil{cnce SQ.C:tj,.ari. ~l!onsr.n,· ~.nC l.r.t:-":t:' HunL:nam~ _'Fcro ccn;:;';tCc:rc~~ th;c t.?.rget arec:_s _f:Jr E'.n E':!llJhibim.ts o:)eration schcclulo0_ on or t'J?cut 20 Octcbor 19.50 _ Znccay 1nfo.r:natii:Jn· in these ~E".rt1c.ul[!.r 1·.rct s ~ .. ·ras scunt:v e.no the ;·renter mn.i ~r1 ~'I Df tl:c 1ntcll1-ccncc~_informati0n ·vc:- 8 nccesee.rily .;Xtrr.ct.:;c1 :'rorr. e.erinl pl"_ot·J[ra~Al-s·. G-2 Air of X Cor-~"s ccorCiriatcci trir: E'.ctivit.ics_ of tEe 2.cric.l :::hctoe:_r[':)hic intc'rpret[l.ticn tceJ::l· f'.nc. ::_Jrocurcct tno nc-ccssE'.t·Y !Jhqtcr:rrphic sorties to be :flo~-.r :::"'.rcr. t~1o t2rgct IJ.rc~.. 'l'he l9.ck cf ;7hoto 1nt0r_,rctcrs 1n X Cor-_1;H:::; .Ei?P.Cqu:~rtcrs niv.C'..c f.'!:: !C"".:·,.orP.t·i-~r:: th£>.t ·th--:olst Hut-inc Div1s1om .~criel Fhot~:·r.'.~'hic In.tc:rprctE'ction Tcaril rmrk E_r6uric1 the clock 1E oi'C.or, to co;n::.;lct·o. intcr:;;r:tat1·Tri o-f c.va..ile.blc riliqt_ccrL'.::_Jh:s .·- Durin[:~ the ':; .. erJ.od tho:t t!lc de rial Fhoto;;ri2'~:Jhic Intcrprcte.t1on Team 1--rork0C. ~-t X dorJs HeadquEI.rters on this o'J.:;rsticn, the follo1rinf.:,' tasks were aqcompli~her::.: ,.

(l) Assisted the G-2 Air of X -Cor:.s in fc.::r:n;.~lc.t1n~~ c_ phc:;tocraphic plan for the o""Jtrf'_tio'n~

(2) Inter-:. rete~ all 'nvailablc }'hotccra:_ol'-ic ecrtics fro~ ":rcr~sc:-·.n· tc ttuncrtnm· ant. subr.li ttocl. 1ntc!'0rctrti0n rs-yorts ·covor:tnl the-' follcvinc in-fcr~ation: -

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(3) Ccnstructcrc n moS£'.ic of the 1".ncCin:; bCC'.Ch.:..S fl.t ~IJ..)nsan nhlch 'tiaS l1..SCd in :Jr0,1.ll.C1n[ .l-L::lf torte I'8:prod.uC:t1oi-.~.s, ,,,ri t.J::. the: on3DY C.Gfcns .;;s e.nnctGto:. 1n red ..

(·1:) ~lottcc1_ the ft.8ri.?~.l s~,rtl;:-.8 usee in the 1ntcrpr.::tet1:)n 1 z.nt_ }Jrc:.:::·r.rcO::l. cc~Ji:::s of the plot sheets for Ciistributicn to r.ll unite cf X Ccr-Js CIJnccrnc:cl.

(5) C rr-ct-·' t'" ·v-·•-·-•, 'ihr ")l'ns C ._ -.......c p•'· '" ~··--'--!__..!..,__. ._. "'~ "' c. cf ~.,.0nst.n .. This 1 "f!.S Pcc:;!n-:_:;l~~s[i.:''. ~y C·:o::erlnc;tht:ul ;:ri th ~:Jh.:·tt:-Cl"C::-?hic mcsE',!c_s c.-:,-:: ,l:::,t...:t~ tt·,~c

uccl{:S ~cforc the l['.nCLin[: ~,,.ras to ~-·c ~:--.~_(.

A':=77::PD:CC III 70 ~:.\JYT"B:= :S.M.K:=E TO DI\TI?!c:;:- .G:EC):_tf..r ACt;:IOY RE?OS.~

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• • ill:t=LIITJIX -III ~0 AEI\-:;x SAK:::?. ~0 :JIV:SICF 27Z:::CIAI.., AGcriOl- ??:O:tT

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bcc"-mc f'"_:-.:._)E'.l'crit thct the r~.-Jid. s.C~ve:~r:c-:: ·of tho rricn.C:ly· forcCs ~.-,rcuid. rcs:.1lt in tl~c ecizur;: of ~lcns2-·n t.rE~ -~~Fior tG. _the [!rriv0l of ~:LD· :x Ccr?s unite,- L!ld. r; ·chc.nt.o of_ :Jla.n_ •la.s in the. cfflnt_:. Illl.illci~:.c.tcly th.o J .. c.r1il_;Fhr.:;t-:·{;!'2.._:_Jh1c Intt: .. ·r.)rotf'.tion Tenm lc-.10 9 -~9nt~:.tiv( mos2.ic .cf the

.Hunci11:tfil - Ho.mhun~. c._rc,£.- cnC. cor.rt~Jlctc_c:. a fi'rst ~he.sc rc~Jort of lc::.nCI.inc, q_cc._c;hoq .s.nC:. ~ir!tcrl.e.r:d in time for r bricfin[' of ~.ll Divisicn Com-menCers C' t 2000 th2 t cv c.n1n~- ~ ·

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e~· 11h1l8 £1G:nbcrs o_f_ the-Division ~~.F.i. -trtm. \1-rs:.rr:-_ ~nt;'.:'-Lcrr-tn fhis-:pl~nnin~· ·::-h.-:-so, it boc['.1D8-- ncccset.ry · tc ~u[~mont th_~ ; .. :?~.I,. :pereonncl ui th n::n. rrom tho 1st .2nr;12Jor 3~.ttclion foi" ·a :~raj ~ct in~olv:ln£ 1Jhc l£~Yin~ 0f unccCJtrolloc1 moe~eioe of i<hs lanccin~ boe.chcs er,:". h.intcrlc_ncs· :.::_f the -R"u,nt··ne,rr; - Ht"..n:hLEl~::: r".rce... rrormcllY this _aucm.rn.t?.t1on i.s nJt rc~uireC. but the tim~ liinitc'.tl~nq in. ·cl1J,s cnsc nc.·2c; it c. :._)rime n£.cessi ty!

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-c:..: · The SE?cticn. C,hicf 'Jf thO .Lcric.l :n-... ct:~rrrE'_~·hic Int'cr·pr.:;t:- t1,-,·n ~cc:.m req:>.in~..;CI. r,fi th the 1st Ecr1ne ;:Jiv1s1on ·rnt clli; enc.e Section. tt,r~uce~'cut thi:-:; 'lJOriot! to_ C_::;..)rcU,n2.~0 :_):1.otcc:.::r.?v:,_"_;l:.ic r..::.qucs~s c;_n0. 1 tfsuo c:.ll ~'.Vail2.ble -dlJ.otoc,:rc~:,h:f _to unlts or the D1v1s1op. · r . . .

e.. '..L'nc p erioc 'd tp 13 O_ct J'bcr J ~Jrio r to or.lb.'~.l~~'=c"t.icn cbo~r~-1 t:1.c Cor:;:J!.;·.ncl. 8hi:;_J, r.ss :-1cunt l-~cleinley, ru:.e uti2.i z:.:C to rr.P.ke sys~e;n:.f:,ic com:::Jr-.:t'~'.ti;-l:: etuc11cs .")f t.-:.;-~ct a:'{..f'.S ";c (ctcc~~ e.ny on.:my ttctiVit~-~-s tb,:-'-+:; .r.J:.cht_ hr'.VC bcc:1 in-'_ tcnS1f1cc., in the li~ln_::·nr.r:.:. nrt:-e, -:::.nc-:. t-:: stu/'_y the chelle_: inc Qcr..ch c·Jnc': .. i ti '}ps '-:; be t-~1 E-~t~n.~·w:.:2 E' .. nC 1'oi·onsr.n.

f .. Fr0J: 13 Octn't;cr 1?50 tJ :27 Oct'cl·cr l~=·oo, the Divisi-:n' s }~eri.::l .Fhot•;cra~_:.l:ic Intcrprctr.t1rJn '::enr~ nor::cc:_ -2-:.JoE:r::L the USE lt:::unt !!cKirilcy. 'fuilo <n rcute t~ the obj:ctivc r.rcn, m---anics of the r·")£>.(S from ~-;cnsr-.n to ?yc..ncY""'nc· ~-v.:rc c-:i1struct;oet c:.nc~ 2tucllce. ~~r,:;rc uaf.c cf these r~a~s cs t0 tb:1r CJp6itf~n, tefc~ses anc~ .. tri'.TfiC['~bil1 ty ~ ~1-~t; Ch~ nc1 nc :-:- f tl-~c t&cticc-¥1 ~_)ll'.n )ricr t·-; tho l[~nC.inc n,.ccesi t~ &tGc1 nct·.r r:.quqsts for ~hot:)rrn~J~ic cc.ve:rc.t:c in c.r'¥c"'..1 ticn t·:: th::- t ~\~hioh h£"_c~_ ."b:::cn flo;.In. 'lhcsc ··sUl::-.Jlc:r.cntrry_ r£c~uc:sts 'ts·ro o~t~lU? rcc..lLy ~,.:hen the :Jivisi.:·fl lr.n(.c-:''! C'r F.Jrt. (. clivcrcc~ very shcrtl:r thcr~ ~ ft:r.

P. bn :9 ::=lo .. s 1:~. the .4..:-ri~.l :=:h;t'J-:·r_~~;~ic lntcr::_Jrctr:.ti-:n ~cc.m J::incd the ::,:.visi:r~ In-

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• ... A_::?ENDIX III ?0 -~'~?-E~{ ? iJ~3 ~C DIVISIOT s::::=cr.~ ACS:IC!~ ?.L20J.T

tcll1gencG ScctiJn £t the lEt !i~rinJ Divisi~n Com::en:-., Fast on the U':rthorn cutst:irtE cf · i·fonspn rn<'l c-:::nncric¢t the :;_:roccs$inz.:, )lcttin: anc. star"'-yint; cf .serial ::.J· ... otr::t_~rf':~)hic sorti.::s.

b. Th1 s o~J .::-rr. ti·Jn ·pns r!u::.rl{ .::c~ py sinilr~r diffiCulti-3s ['S t_hcsc notJd furinc; tho InchcnStoctU' ·ccs.a:,;air;n. 1'"a .. :;Jsly1 th0 time C.alc":r _betvc~n fLs.tc of req_ac st o.nf. rscci:;Jt of ·JhJtccrc::phlc snrtics \-rn_s in c.-{c.sss sf t,:lo-- 1>rccks iJ.1 mcst cc.sc s r.nc~. 'h'rhen tho sorties ~.r::-rc rcc(-iVE:c1 by the Division tl:ey hr.o. very 11 ttlc tr.cticc.l velue. !·~est of tLB :_Jh~to0rc·.J.:::hy recoivcci. Cy the Divisicn Fas us.:.:'-1 t:.s :nr.~J substl,tutcs or t:· stL!C.,_Y rc·F.c1 ccnc:.itions~ Dos':.ito the <".-cove c1if'f'icu1_ti~,,::: tli~ D.:tv1 R:tnn h~~c:_ t;hj T't:'r-~1 ~~ (?I~) :1h; tocrrr;hic scfti ('s--fio~~;n~·- Hnci r2CCi ~;~-:~ t•~r; · huncl_rcf!_ EtnC:. ci[,llty ci,;ht ( 2:::2) r-:·ll s of r..erir.l f'1ln 1 C·:'ntri:>J.ing in .:YC(SS of' t·.~cnty-nin8 thousctr:.c·_, five hunc":.re8. (29,500) -~1rL1ts.

c. llhen the crc'..crc;("'. "":·.rithC:r2."E'.l bcl_ET1 c.t Yut.c:.n-ni, the ur-ct::n.c;y of the c'~sv,zlo~)iZ"l[_' si t;.tc~ticn =._)reclu2rC. the use ot tho ~)r:;.viously C}~te:nsivE. re::J.n.c,et c~E'nnels. Ackn':Y:I'rlodcinc; th~-s., the l';::;t Lr __ rinc Air \Vi_n[; unh€'8lt;::.tincl:· c~Ol)orctcc"'.. in :flylnf ~Jhoto missi-:-ns subni ttcc:. by telephonic request from the lst E~rine Jlvisicn. Follot.l10i:.; this :)roceC.ure, \•.rhiq.h is tho norr.1c:I L£·rlnc Cor~:;s_ che.nn~;l, it l,,rF.s :._Jossit.le tc havo E'. ·oh::;t:;,~'r[1_~,hic rcconnr:.issr.nce nissicn COf.''-I·lctec"'..,- c.r..(.' the-- ;::hotocrc __ ::hs 'c1evalclJcc'., -~-~~>~---::!- •-"1 ~>~-->1--~"1 ~~r"'! 4,~ol--~---~ .... -..::1 4- - • .-4---l-••-_;.JJ.'..LU!,!;;.I..."J . .:.J.J..UVU•.;"'.~ < H·· .l.ll.\,1,,;.1.-.~).I.",;ln:;:'-L .LU ::,~ i.~.LH.I.LiW!l

Jf ni!lE hcurc. C_nc :-utstc.n:-1n,--- cxnrnlc cf this ur;_s tl-:.:: :._Jhct.:crrt,:._)hy fl0trn- ?..t 15'oo" [) ~cc.:n'bsr l_ 0 5C'; juE't ·-::rinr tc the :Uivis:t -:-:n 1B u·--:-vc:cnt fr:;n B.a.;:. r.ru-ri "!:;; !~ot·::--ri. r:hr:;_ ca··,i::- f2 ryf these :.,;hot..::::,_:-rc.:._:-:hs 'rorc C·.cliv~.:r.:..-J. ['_t Cicht .:; 1

clcck ::m the ,i;vonL-.~.t; of 5 DLco~bcr 125C .. r:;hoo.: 1..rcrt; ~__)lcttecl c.ncl intcr-;-rctcd for cn:Jr:1y Cofc.ns:Js, lik_(.ly £'.venues of r·::f~Jrc.!'cl: to the liS~ fnf!. critic.::-.1 points ~t ~.rhich. the convoys :,lculc:. rr:cst likc::.y hc.ve -~""l_iffioultic·s ~uc tc r::·c-<"1 t.loc:cs or C r..m?[fd. Crid:;_~,g ~ ~ co:rr:Jlet-: r::;,r'sr.ic, tT,r._J COIJi<:s cf the :)hOtGf::'r£t:._JhS, 8.D :;n•::r::r <:;c.f'cnso cvcrlrv. £,nc-:. fl.n ir;.tOI"l)Tf.t....,tio:l rc;·;0rt ucrc C.clivcrC-Cl. t·~ the lst l1E.r1n8 Divis1(1n Intl'llL·· :nco Section rt O:c.: rru-ri ct first ll.c:ht the ~ornlnz of 6 :::-co ember l'J50, thUS C cmcnstrr'.tin[ the CE'.~~JP-bil.itics of· tho ~.E .I. ecctlon tJt . .:a not hinC_crcC ·by unrlc;_ssc,ry sr:.::1inistr,nt1Dn lcv2ls ..

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up to tt1c (~_r.;;~·;:r;~.; th~ ... ~vr";~:ti~-~:~-~;~;i~·t~-~ of' lt!.yinf. mcs.r.ice, ·;;J.c.kin~~: t~ c-:::;ic~l r·-:·.'."'.t £_:nC. bench stuc11cs. r.:oucst1nr~ ::tcr:i.,_l ·:.·h.:--~-=- TE'.·-Jl11c roconnr.issnnCc miesi ")nS- r.~·:1_J :=I~tt~.c~~-·Ln;-~ issuinc photcc:rL~)hs.

_.:\?FLNDIX !II 70 . .:,.Nt7:).: :;JC"73. C:O JIVISIO~- SEZ8L~

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1st marine division - fmf sar - vol 1 (3 of 11 ...1st marine division - fmf special action report -...

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