1the myth of the minotaur.ppt [modalit. compatibilit.] myth of the minotaur/the myth of the... ·...

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The myth of the Minotaur: The myth of the Minotaur: The myth of the Minotaur: The myth of the Minotaur: from the genesis to the from the genesis to the contemporary interpretation contemporary interpretation by Maria Grazia Griffo Archaeologist, Superintendence for Cultural and Environmental Goods P i fT i Province of Trapani The myth of the Minotaur©January-2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu.

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Page 1: 1The myth of the Minotaur.ppt [modalit. compatibilit.] myth of the Minotaur/The myth of the... · The Greek myth: the antecedent ... Hades. AtticTragedians ... Maria Grazia Griffo,

The myth of the Minotaur:The myth of the Minotaur:The myth of the Minotaur: The myth of the Minotaur: from the genesis to the from the genesis to the f gf g

contemporary interpretation contemporary interpretation

by Maria Grazia Griffoy ffArchaeologist, Superintendence for Cultural and Environmental Goods P i f T iProvince of Trapani

The myth of the Minotaur©January-2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu.

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The Greek myth: the antecedentThe Greek myth: the antecedentMinosMinos waswas bornborn fromfrom thetheunionunion betweenbetween ZeusZeus andand thetheunionunion betweenbetween ZeusZeus andand thethebeautifulbeautiful PhoenicianPhoenician youngyoung girlgirlEuropaEuropa,, abductedabducted fromfrom thethegodgod turnedturned intointo aa bullbull..AsterionAsterion,, kingking ofof CreteCrete,, adoptsadoptsMiMi th tth t dd hihi ttMinosMinos thatthat succeedssucceeds himhim totothethe throne,throne, thanksthanks toto thethe favorfavorofof thethe godgod PoseidonPoseidon thatthatofof thethe godgod PoseidonPoseidon thatthatsendssends aa whitewhite bullbull fromfrom thetheseasea asas aa signsign ofof hishisggbenevolencebenevolence andand aa sealseal ofof thetheroyaltyroyalty ofof MinosMinos..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 2.

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The sin of The sin of MinosMinos: : the the ùbrisùbris

TheThe impietyimpiety ofof MinosMinosp yp yisis toto havehave brokenbroken hishispromisepromise toto PoseidonPoseidon::ppthethe sacrificesacrifice ofof thethebullbull..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 3.

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TheThe MinotaurMinotaurThe The MinotaurMinotaur

TheThe MinotaurMinotaur bornborn ofofthethe insaneinsane passionpassion ofofthethe queenqueen ofof CreteCrete,,derivesderives fromfrom twotwoblamesblames::thethe atheismatheism ofof MinosMinos;;TheThe againstagainst naturenaturepassionpassion ofof PasiphaPasiphaëë..passionpassion ofof PasiphaPasiphaëë..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 4.

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The divineThe divine punishment:punishment: phtònosphtònos theòntheònThe divine The divine punishment: punishment: phtònosphtònos theòntheònMinosMinos isis punishedpunished bybypp yythethe godgod ofof thethe seasea thatthatinducesinduces PasiphaPasiphaëë totouniteunite withwith thethe bull,bull,hidinghiding herselfherself insideinside aawoodwood heiferheifer builtbuilt bybywoodwood heifer,heifer, builtbuilt bybyDaedalusDaedalus..InIn thisthis wayway thetheInIn thisthis way,way, thetheancientancient sourcessources tell,tell,thethe queenqueen tooktookvengeancevengeance forfor somesomenumerousnumerous betrayalsbetrayals ofofhehe h sbandh sbandherher husbandhusband..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 5.

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The The labyrinthlabyrinthTheThe monstrousmonstrous son,son, withwith thethetaurinetaurine headhead onon aa humanhumantaurinetaurine headhead onon aa humanhumanbody,body, isis confinedconfined inin thethelabyrinth,labyrinth, aa constructionconstruction withwithlabyrinth,labyrinth, aa constructionconstruction withwithinextricableinextricable runsruns realizedrealized bybyDaedalusDaedalus..TheThe labyrinthlabyrinth (perhaps(perhaps fromfromlabryslabrys:: twotwo--edgededged axe)axe) isis thethef t tif t ti t itit iti ff ththfantasticfantastic transpositiontransposition ofof thethepalacepalace ofof CnossosCnossos..ItIt becomesbecomes symbolsymbol ofof thetheItIt becomesbecomes symbolsymbol ofof thetheMinoicMinoic civilization,civilization, portrayedportrayedonon thethe coinscoins..onon thethe coinscoins..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 6.

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The epilogueThe epilogueThe epilogueThe epilogue

SubsequentlySubsequently toto aa conflict,conflict,MinosMinos coercescoerces thethe citycity ofofAthensAthens toto givegive anan annualannualAthensAthens toto givegive anan annualannualtributetribute ofof 77 youngyoung peoplepeopleandand 77 youngyoung girlgirl totoy gy g ggimmolateimmolate toto thethe MinotaurMinotaur..TheseusTheseus,, sonson ofof thethe AegeanAegeankingking ofof Athens,Athens, withwith thethehelphelp ofof AriannaArianna andandD ed lD ed l killkill thetheDaedalusDaedalus,, killskills thetheMinotaurMinotaur..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 7.

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The historical interpretationThe historical interpretationThe historical interpretationThe historical interpretation

TheThe mythmyth reflectsreflects elementselements documenteddocumented bybyTheThe mythmyth reflectsreflects elementselements documenteddocumented bybyarchaeologicalarchaeological sourcessources::thethe labyrinthlabyrinth--palacepalace;;thethe sacrednesssacredness ofof thethe bull,bull, symbolsymbol ofof thethegeneratinggenerating strengthstrength ofof thethe nature,nature, attributeattribute ofof thetheGreatGreat MotherMother,, principalprincipal divinitydivinity inin CreteCrete;;thethe passagepassage fromfrom thethe MinoicMinoic civilizationcivilization ((MinosMinos))toto thethe MyceneanMycenean civilizationcivilization ((TheseusTheseus))..toto thethe MyceneanMycenean civilizationcivilization ((TheseusTheseus))..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 8.

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TheThe tauromachytauromachy oror taurokatapsìataurokatapsìaThe The tauromachytauromachy or or taurokatapsìataurokatapsìa

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 9.

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The psychological interpretationThe psychological interpretationThe psychological interpretationThe psychological interpretation

ItIt isis aa mythmyth::malemale chauvinist,chauvinist, becausebecause itit imputesimputes thethe guiltguilt toto,, pp ggthethe womanwoman;;integralistintegralist,, sincesince allall thethe eventsevents happenhappen followingfollowingintegralistintegralist,, sincesince allall thethe eventsevents happenhappen followingfollowingthethe MinosMinos ’’ impietyimpiety;;ideologicalideological becausebecause itit affirmsaffirms thethe primacyprimacy ofofideological,ideological, becausebecause itit affirmsaffirms thethe primacyprimacy ofofpoliticspolitics onon ethicsethics..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 10.

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MetaphorsMetaphorsMetaphorsMetaphorsTheThe labyrinthlabyrinth representsrepresents thethe vainvain attemptattempt bybyTheThe labyrinthlabyrinth representsrepresents thethe vainvain attemptattempt bybyMinosMinos toto disguisedisguise hishis hypocrisieshypocrisies..ThTh Mi tMi t ii thth ti iti i t tit ti ffTheThe MinotaurMinotaur isis thethe antinomicantinomic representationrepresentation ofofthethe privateprivate lifelife ofof MinosMinos..MinosMinos--MinotaurMinotaur devoursdevours whowho putsputs inin discussiondiscussionhishis powerpower..TheThe mythmyth representsrepresents thethe failurefailure ofof aa politicspoliticsseparatedseparated byby ethics,ethics, thethe contrastcontrast betweenbetweenpp yycorrectcorrect lawslaws andand unjustunjust societysociety..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 11.

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The ancient sourcesThe ancient sourcesThe ancient sourcesThe ancient sources

OvidOvid ((MetamorphosesMetamorphoses)):: PasiphaPasiphaëë makesmakes buildbuild totoDaedalusDaedalus aa maplemaple heiferheifer wherewhere sheshe hideshides herselfherselftoto couplecouple withwith thethe divinedivine bullbull..HomerHomer:: thethe MinotaurMinotaur isis thethe judgejudge ofof thethe soulssouls ininj gj gHadesHades..AtticAttic TragediansTragedians:: negativenegative judgmentjudgment onon MinosMinos,,AtticAttic TragediansTragedians:: negativenegative judgmentjudgment onon MinosMinos,,positivepositive onon hishis brotherbrother RadamanthusRadamanthus..PlatoPlato ((MinosMinos)):: correctcorrect legislatorlegislator hehe embodiesembodiesPlatoPlato ((MinosMinos)):: correctcorrect legislator,legislator, hehe embodiesembodiesthe,the, wishedwished inin RepublicRepublic,, figurefigure ofof thethephilosopherphilosopher kingkingphilosopherphilosopher kingking..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 12.

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The Minotaur in the Divine ComedyThe Minotaur in the Divine ComedyThe Minotaur in the Divine ComedyThe Minotaur in the Divine Comedy

HeHe symbolizessymbolizes thethe ““mattamatta bestialitadebestialitade”” ((InfInf.. XII,XII,3333),), thethe blindblind violenceviolence..HeHe isis custodiancustodian ofof thethe VIIVII circlecircle wherewhere thetheviolentviolent areare punishedpunished..ppAsAs MinosMinos,, CharonCharon,, CerberusCerberus,, PlutoPluto,, hehe isis oneone ofofthethe characterscharacters ofof thethe classicalclassical mythologymythology passedpassedthethe characterscharacters ofof thethe classicalclassical mythologymythology passedpassedtoto thethe ChristianChristian Dante’sDante’s InfernoInferno,, onon thethe basebase ofofthethe interpretationinterpretation byby thethe ChurchChurch FathersFathers:: evilevilthethe interpretationinterpretation byby thethe ChurchChurch FathersFathers:: evilevilspiritsspirits andand paganpagan godsgods areare figuresfigures ofof thethe demondemon..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 13.

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The surrealistic interpretationThe surrealistic interpretationThe surrealistic interpretationThe surrealistic interpretationTheThe SurrealistsSurrealists waswas veryveryinterestedinterested inin thethe mythmyth ofof thetheMinotaurMinotaur andand ofof thethe LabyrinthLabyrinthandand toto thethe correlatedcorrelated mythsmyths ofofandand toto thethe correlatedcorrelated mythsmyths ofofEuropaEuropa andand ZeusZeus..InIn 19331933 theirtheir officialofficial reviewreview isisInIn 19331933 theirtheir officialofficial reviewreview isisentitledentitled LeLe MinotaureMinotaure..PicassoPicasso illustratesillustrates thethe covercover ofofPicassoPicasso illustratesillustrates thethe covercover ofofthethe II numbernumber withwith thisthis collagecollageinin whichwhich thethe figurefigure ofof thethemonstermonster appearsappears holdingholding aadaggerdagger onon aa backgroundbackground ofof

l fl fpaperpaper leafsleafs..Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 14.

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PicassoPicasso and theand the MinotauromachyMinotauromachyPicassoPicasso and the and the MinotauromachyMinotauromachyTheThe autobiographicautobiographicg pg pprojectionprojection ofof thethethemetheme ofof thethe MinotaurMinotaur;;;;HeHe embodiesembodies somesomecontrastedcontrasted valuesvalues:: thethecontrastedcontrasted valuesvalues:: thetheprimitiveprimitive bestialitybestiality andandlovelove;; thethe tormentertormenterlovelove;; thethe tormentertormenterandand thethe victimvictim;; manmanandand beastbeast;; masculinemasculineandand beastbeast;; masculinemasculineandand femalefemale..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 15.

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The The tauromachytauromachy and the bullfightand the bullfight

PicassoPicasso discoversdiscovers thetherelationshiprelationship betweenbetween thethetauromachytauromachy andand thethebullfightbullfightbullfightbullfight..TheThe bullfightbullfight likelike thethetauromachytauromachy andand thethe cultculttauromachytauromachy andand thethe cultcultofof MithrasMithras inin thethe ancientancientRomeRome,, areare tiedtied toto,,religiousreligious meanings,meanings, thethesacrificesacrifice ofof thethe bullbull toto thethe

h ih i hhEucharistEucharist,, soso muchmuch sosothatthat PicassoPicasso representsrepresentsChristChrist inin thethe arenaarenaChristChrist inin thethe arenaarena..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 16.

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GuernicaGuernicaGuernicaGuernica

AlsoAlso inin thethe 19371937’’ work,work, whichwhich synthesizessynthesizes soso manymany,, yy yyaspectsaspects andand themesthemes ofof hishis artisticartistic run,run, PicassoPicassoinsertsinserts thethe MinotaurMinotaur asas symbolsymbol ofof thethe blindblindyyviolenceviolence ofof thethe bombardmentbombardment andand thethe horsehorse whichwhichembodiesembodies thethe boldnessboldness ofof thethe SpanishSpanish peoplepeople..pp p pp p

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 17.

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The labyrinthThe labyrinthThe labyrinthThe labyrinthAndrèAndrè MassonMasson combinescombines inin thisthisworkwork thethe themetheme ofof thethe MinotaurMinotaurandand thethe labyrinthlabyrinth inin anan inverseinverse

thth Mi tMi t t it i ththwayway:: thethe MinotaurMinotaur containscontains thethelabyrinthlabyrinth insideinside thethe torntorn bodybody..TheThe mythmyth isis twistedtwisted andand reversedreversedTheThe mythmyth isis twistedtwisted andand reversedreversedinin autobiographicautobiographic keykey:: MassonMassonseessees himselfhimself asas aa stabbedstabbedseessees himselfhimself asas aa stabbedstabbedMinotaurMinotaur,, tormentedtormented byby thethenightmarenightmare ofof aa contortcontortunconscious,unconscious, thethe labyrinthlabyrinth similarsimilartoto visceraviscera openedopened inin hishis abdomenabdomen..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 18.

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Fabrizio Clerici: Fabrizio Clerici: The Minotaur The Minotaur publicly accuses his mother, publicly accuses his mother, 19481948..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 19.

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F. ClericiF. Clerici: : View of two temples of the View of two temples of the egg,egg, 19561956

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 20.

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F ClericiF Clerici:: TheThe labyrinthlabyrinth 19661966F. ClericiF. Clerici: : The The labyrinthlabyrinth,, 19661966

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 21.

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FF ClericiClerici: The graphic works: The graphic worksF. F. ClericiClerici: The graphic works: The graphic worksTheyThey representrepresent almostalmost aa diptychdiptych::TheyThey representrepresent almostalmost aa diptychdiptych::AfternoonAfternoon inin CnossosCnossos andand DeathDeathofof thethe MinotaurMinotaur,, 19671967..,,HeHe putsputs inin scenescene onon aa theatricaltheatricalstagestage aa trialtrial inin whichwhich thethe publicpublicaccusation,accusation, thethe monster,monster, showsshowshishis mothermother PasiphaPasiphaëë toto thetheovercrowdedovercrowded publicpublic ofof thethe juryjuryovercrowdedovercrowded publicpublic ofof thethe juryjury..InIn thethe secondsecond work,work, itit isisrepresentedrepresented thethe finalfinal actionaction ofofrepresentedrepresented thethe finalfinal actionaction ofofthethe deathdeath ofof thethe accuseraccuser thatthatsuccumbssuccumbs atat thethe endend ofof thethe trialtrial..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 22.

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And psychoanalysis ?And psychoanalysis ?And psychoanalysis …?And psychoanalysis …?

FreudFreud waswas interestedinterested inin thethe themetheme ofof thethelabyrinthlabyrinth thatthat conductsconducts toto thethe mostmost hiddenhidden partpartyy ppofof thethe self,self, thethe unconsciousunconscious..JungJung interpretsinterprets thethe MinotaurMinotaur asas anan archetypearchetype ofofJungJung interpretsinterprets thethe MinotaurMinotaur asas anan archetypearchetype ofofthethe devouringdevouring maternalmaternal image,image, asas wellwell asas ofof thethelabyrinthlabyrinth asas runrun ofof thethe soulsoul towardtoward thethelabyrinthlabyrinth asas runrun ofof thethe soulsoul towardtoward thetheequilibriumequilibrium ofof ownown selfself..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 23.

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A poetic conclusionA poetic conclusionA poetic conclusionA poetic conclusion

JorgeJorge LuisLuis BorgesBorgesdealsdeals withwith thethe mythmythofof thethe MinotaurMinotaur inin thethebriefbrief storystory TheThe househouseofof AsterionAsterion..HeHe takestakes cuecue fromfrom thethepainting,painting, ofof romanticromanticintonation,intonation, byby GeorgeGeorgeggFredericFrederic WattsWatts,, TheTheMinotaurMinotaur,, 18961896..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 24.

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Who isWho is AsterionAsterion??Who is Who is AsterionAsterion??

HeHe isis notnot aa monstermonster;; hehe isis thethe monstermonsterthatthat lieslies inin everyevery ofof usus..yyWhoWho thethe guiltguilt belongs?belongs? NotNot certainlycertainly totoAsterionAsterion MinotaurMinotaur thatthat isis searchingsearching hishisAsterionAsterion--MinotaurMinotaur thatthat isis searchingsearching hishisidentityidentity andand thethe goalgoal ofof hishis existenceexistence..TheThe problemproblem isis thethe singlesingle being,being, thereforetherefore““monstrummonstrum””…… inin anan universeuniverse--labyrinthlabyrinth..monstrummonstrum …… inin anan universeuniverse labyrinthlabyrinth..

Maria Grazia Griffo, The myth of the Minotaur ©January - 2009 www.dynamic-psychology.eu; p. 25.