1. Welcome and introductions

2. Overview of the lab section

3. Lab safety and clean-up

4. Lab 1: Insect diversity and adaptation

5. Intro to Lab 2: The scientific method

Today’s outline

Lab safety and cleanliness

1. Read Appendix A carefully2. Emergency equipment and procedures3. Properly dispose of wastes4. Clean up during and after the lab5. Wash your hands

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Part A.3 (magnification)

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Part A.3 (magnification)

Count: 55 o.u. = 0.5 mm

Divide: 1 o.u. = 0.5 mm / 55 o.u. = 0.009 mm

Convert: 1 o.u. = 0.009 mm x 1000 = 9 ųm

Image credit: www.ruf.rice.edu

Large differencesare rare

Small differences are common

Introduction to statistics

When should we get excited about an observed difference?

2critical

Fre

quen

cy (

prob

abili

ty)

Difference

Do not reject null

Reject null

Well

Choices

Screenfloor

Isopods

Lid

Hole

Stopper

Passageway

Gate

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Image credits: www.amnh.org, www2.biologie.uni-halle.de

Sir Charles Darwin(1809-1882)

GENETICS

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In eukaryotes, a structure composed of DNA and proteins that bears part of the geneticinformation of the cell.

One of many discrete units of hereditary information located on a chromosome andconsisting of DNA.

The alternate form of a gene.

A particular place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located.

In a diploid organism, having two identical alleles for a given trait.

The change in genetic structure of a population.

What is a chromosome?

What is a gene?

What is an allele?

What is a locus?

What is homozygous?

What is evolution?

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Lab4 (Population genetics):

Trait value

Fre

quen

cy

This lab (Genetic variability):

Trait value Trait value

High diversity Low diversity

Trait value

Lab5 (local adaptation):

Pop. 2Pop. 1

Trait value

Fre

quen

cy

Siberia Alaska

Bering Sea

Chukchi Sea

Siberia Alaska

Bering Sea

Chukchi Sea

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Terrestrialgene flow

Marine

gene flow

Terrestrialgene flow

Marine

gene flow

SiberiaAlaska

Bering Sea

Chukchi Sea

Reindeer(Rangifer tarandus fennicus)

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Caribou(Rangifer tarandus granti)

Clean up

11. a. Interpret your gel

b. Input your data

Soldier

Worker

Pheidole rhea

Image credits: W. Blaine Stine, www.myrmecos.net

Image credits: W. Blaine Stine, P. Venturelli

Shade

Sun

Impatiens walleriana

Part D (density of stomata)

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Image credits: www.epa.gov, www.agpix.com, www.umanitoba.ca, rydberg.biology.colostate.edu

Image credits: kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca, rydberg.biology.colostate.edu

Image credits: hh.cocolog-nifty.com, kingstonfieldnaturalists.org, www.wpclipart.com, www.britannica.com

Image credits: www.photobirds.com, www.jupiterimages.com, www.istockphoto.com, www.earthhistory.org.uk

10 cm

Ichthyostega (365 MYA)?

Exercise 4

– Singing

– Keeled sternum

–“Duck” bill

– Stiff tail

– Small body

– 6:0→1

– Webbed feet

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– Warbling song

Ostrich Goose Duck Robin Myrtle w. Nash. w.

Image credits: www.mark-ju.net, www.biologyreference.com, www.britannica.com, www.wildshop.com.au, www.elkhornslough.org, www.oakvilleseniors.com,

www.jewishworldreview.com, z.about.com, www.ontariotravel.net, www.csc.com