2 2 cell cycle cell cycle- the sequence of stages through which a cell passes between one cell...
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MitosisBody Cell Reproduction
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2 2
Cell Cycle
Cell cycle- The sequence of stages through which a cell passes between one cell division and the next. (The cycle begin growth and division. )
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Cell Cycle The cell spends most of its time in
interphase.
Stage 1- G1- cell grows, organelles may begin to duplicate, cytoplasm increases and protein synthesis occurs
Stage 2- S- DNA replicates
Stage 3- G2-cell continues to grow, organelles double, and microtubules synthesize
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Mitosis Mitosis is a type of cell division
that generates two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis occurs in body cells.
Body cells are called somatic cells.
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Mitosis Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle. It has 4
phases. (PMAT)
Human cells have 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. This is called a diploid number. (2N)
Mitosis requires only one parent -asexual reproduction.
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How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?
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Why do animals shed their skin?
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Three reasons why cells reproduce by mitosis:
1. Growth 2. Repair 3. ReplacementSkin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun.
Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.
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Animated Mitosis Cyclehttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
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Interphase occurs before mitosis begins
• Chromosomes are copied (# doubles)• Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils
(chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase
CELL MEMBRANENucleus
Cytoplasm
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Interphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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Prophase 1st step in Mitosis
• Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)• Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to
move to opposite ends of the cell. • Spindle fibers form between the poles.
CentriolesSister chromatids
Spindle fibers
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Prophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Spindle fibers
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Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis
• Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
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Metaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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Anaphase 3rd step in Mitosis
• Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
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Anaphase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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Telophase 4th step in Mitosis
• Two new nuclei form. • Chromosomes appear as chromatin
(threads rather than rods).• Mitosis ends.
NucleiNuclei
Chromatin
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Telophase
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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Cytokinesisoccurs after mitosis
• Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes.
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Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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24
Cell Cycle
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Questions Sec 1 1. What is a gene? 2. What are chromosomes? 3. Describe a prokaryotic chromosome. 4. Describe a eukaryotic chromosome. 5. What is chromatin? 6. What is a chromatid? 7. What is a centromere?
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Questions Sec. 2 and 3
1. Define Cell Cycle.1. 2. What is mitosis? 3. What is cytokinesis? 4. What is a spindle
fiber?
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Questions Sec. 2 and 3
1. Define Cell Cycle.1. 2. What is mitosis? 3. What is cytokinesis? 4. What is a spindle
fiber?
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CHROM…words
Chromatin – uncoiled DNA + proteins (threads)
Chromosome – coiled DNA + proteins (Looks like an X)
Chromatid – only half of a chromosome
Sister chromatids – Two chromatids joined together, by a centromere, to form a chromosome
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Mitosis Animation
http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm