2 air preparation and dis

8/13/2019 2 Air Preparation and Dis

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AIR GENERATION &

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM


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OBJECTIVE

1. State and compare the types of aircompressors.

2. State and explain the compressoraccessories.

3. State and explain on air dehydration.

4. State and explain the effect of air treatment


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EQUATION ASSOCIATED WITH

COMPRESSIBLE AIR

Pressure kPa

psi

bar

Air return back into the atmosphere based on theequation of the unit below.

1 atmosphere = 100 kPa (1 Pascal = 1 N/m2)= 14.5 psi= 1.01325 bar


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Boyles LawAir does not have a specific form. If the volume of amass is reduced, the pressure will increase because it isinversely proportional to the volume, that is, if the

volume is reduced by a half times, the pressure willincrease by 2 times as Figure below.

The pressure force on the piston

The formula to prove the theory are:

P1V1= P2V2


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POWER

Units for the force is the Newton.

Nowadays, with the materials and manufacturingtechnologies cylinder where it has a low level of

friction. The formula for calculating the effectiveforce, Feff estimated 10% loss is:

Where the effective force in Newton's unit, the unitof pressure in the bar and the diameter (D2) in cm2

Force = Pressure x Area

Feff

= P x D2x 7


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AIR COMPRESSOR

Air compressor compresses air from

atmospheric pressure to a higher pressure.

This is done by the compressor is to reduce

the volume of air.

Supplied air must be clean of oil and

contaminants.


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Aplication of Air compressed

1. Reciprocating equipment such as a hammer handleclutter-free, concrete breakers and so on.

2. Handling equipment such as rotary motors,

grinding, drill, air-operated pump, wrenches and so

on.3. Spray paint, oil, pesticides and so on.

4. Operating the air pistons to press tool, opening

doors, lifting, gripping and so on.5. Air spray for cleaning purposes.

6. Operate control equipment, valves and so on.


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TYPES OF COMPRESSOR

COMPRESSOR

Positive Displacement Type

~ reciprocating

~ rotary

Dynamic type

~ Radial flow type

~ Axial flow type


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One level piston compressor

a) Release Process (b) Delivery Process

Injap hantaran

Liang hantaran

Omboh

Injap

sedutan

Liang

sedutan


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One level piston compressor


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Two levels piston compressor

Silinder Kedua

Omboh Kedua

Saluran Udara

Termampat

Air Penyejuk Masuk

Penyejuk Antara

Omboh Pertama

Air Penyejuk Keluar

Silinder Pertama

Liang Sedutan

Udara masukLiang Hantaran


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Diaphragm compressor

Injap

Gegendang


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ROTARY COMPRESSOR

SlidingVane

Compressor

Screwcompressor


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Sliding Vane Compressor

Can result in pressure between 400 kN / m - 800kN / m.

Elements is basically a player and a few pieces offree ram visited radially in one casing


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Sliding Vane Compressorram gelangsar


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Screw compressor

Screw-type compressor with lubricating oil asprotection from leaks.

It can be used if the load applied to it unchanged.

The problem is the screw-type compressor,compressed air is produced with oil content, so it

requires oil filter installed in series the output is

divided.


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COMPRESSORS

ACCESORIES


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COMPRESSORS ACCESORIES

1.Input strainer & Silencers

2.Air Reservoir

3.Pressure-Relief valves

4.Service Unit


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Input strainer and Silencers

Each system requires a filter compressor suctionto remove dirt particles before the air enters the

inlet port. These filters are usually paper elements

that require maintenance or replacement from

time to time.

A silencer is sometimes necessary to eliminate the

noise of the air entering the compressor. It can beinstalled before or after the filter depends on the

effects of silencers required.

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Air reservoir

Filter the air coming into the main system (filterinput).

Storing compressed air to prevent the compressor

operates continuously. Heat transfer to cool the compressed air to

promote the condensate drips down the reservoirbefore the air channeled into a pneumatic system.

Collect condensate and dirt from the air. The relief valve is located in the upper air tube

function to control the excess pressure.


27/46Air reservoir

P li f l


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This tool is an air receiverinstalled in a relaxing medium forchanging the pressure in thesystem

Ensure that the operatingpressure is always constant

Pressure relief valve


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FilterPressure

regulator

Air filter

Service unit


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Filter

Air filters usedto clean the

air.


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Pressure regulator

Inlet pressure mustalways be higher than the

output pressure.


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Lubricator

Adequate supply of lubricantneeded for pneumaticequipment.

A piping installationmade channels.

Pipes made of rubber, plastic ormetal. Pipe used as gas channelscan not be used at all.


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Air dehydration


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Air dehydration

Air dehydration process serves to lowertemperatures and dry air after thecompression process.

Air dehydration process can be divided intotwo parts as follows:

Continuous cooler

Air dryer


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Continuous cooler

Air cool - cooling process, air as a medium.

Water cool - cooling process is done by usingwater as a medium.


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Air cool


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Water cool


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Air dryer

Absorbance drying

Adsorption dryingCoolant drying (low temperature drying)

Main line filter


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Absorbance drying

Using wet chemical type of fluid to absorbwater from the air.

After absorbing this chemical water willbecome liquid.

Among the chemicals most commonly usedare urea, lithium and calcium chloride


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Holding cylinder built to storechemical absorbent in large numbers.

Compressed air to flow in from thebottom of the cylinder and flows upthrough the absorbent material levelbefore the dry air passes out.

Chemicals that absorb moisture fromthe air will be moist and liquid anddrip down.

Chemicals in the cylinder willdecrease and should be increasedfrom time to time by adding space atthe top of the cylinder.


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Adsorption drying

Adsorption method means that the water fromthe air will stick to the surface of the chemicals.

Usually composed of silica gel and activatedalumina is filled into the cylinder


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Fresh air enters from thebottom and out as the dryair at the top.

If required the air drier, air

will flow back into thesecond cylinder andremoved at the bottom ofthe second cylinder.


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Coolant drying (low temperature drying)

The air was compressed at a temperature of about 44C inthrough the inlet through a pipe.

Wet air conditioning air flow directly through the air andstraight into the water separator.

In the water separator, the water collected will drip down.The semi-dry air and cold air is passed directly to the "air intothe coolant" and out into the water separator where the watercollected will drip down.

The air was dry and cold air is passed over to the "air to air"before the air flows into the system.

Out of the dryer air conditioner is dry and cold air.

The exit temperature of about 2C



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TQ

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