2 dewey-burdock underground injection control …€¦ · dewey-burdock underground injection...

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PUBLIC HEARING FOR THE

DEWEY-BURDOCK UNDERGROUND

INJECTION CONTROL DRAFT PERMITS

AND PROPOSED AQUIFER EXEMPTION

May 11, 2017

1:00 p.m. to 8:07 p.m.

St. James Catholic Church

310 Third Avenue

Edgemont, SD 57735

BLACK HILLS REPORTING 605.721.2600

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REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Good

afternoon, everyone. We're going to get

started. Thank you all for coming today. My

name is Elyana Sutin, and I am the Regional

Judicial Officer for the Environmental

Protection Agency in Denver, Colorado. I will

be presiding over the hearing today.

In addition to myself, we have other staff

for EPA here to assist to ensure that everybody

one who wants to make comments today has the

ability to do so. So I want to introduce those

folks to you. In case you have any questions,

you can reach out to one of them.

Douglas Minter is sitting here at the table.

Douglas is the manager of the Underground

Injection Unit in the Office of Water Protection

at EPA.

Valois Shea works with Douglas in the

Underground Injection Unit.

Lynne Newton is back here at the

registration table. She also works with Douglas

and Valois.

Lisa McClain-Vanderpool is back here. She

is our Public Affairs Specialist in the Office

of Communications.


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And then we also have Sisay Ashenafi, who is

in our Community Involvement Office. He's a

Community Involvement Specialist.

On March 6, 2017, EPA issued two draft

Underground Injection Control, or UIC,

permits -- excuse me -- area permits to

Powertech USA, Inc., for injection activities

related to uranium recovery near Edgemont,

South Dakota.

The draft permits include a UIC Class III

area permit for injection wells for the in-situ

recovery of uranium and a UIC Class V area

permit for deep injection wells for disposal of

treatment of in-situ recovery process waste

fluids.

The EPA is also proposing an aquifer

exemption approval for -- in connection with the

draft UIC Class III area permit. We are here

today to listen to your comments on these area

permits and aquifer exemption.

The public comment period is open until

May 19th, 2017. Today is the last of five

hearings that we've held in relation to this

project. The first was in Valentine, Nebraska

two weeks ago; we had hearings in Rapid City on


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Monday and Tuesday; and yesterday we had

hearings in Hot Springs.

In a moment, Ms. Shea will explain in a

little bit more detail about the project that is

being proposed today. But before I turn it over

to her, I just want to explain a little bit

about how the hearing will work today.

We will take testimony from 2:00 to 5:00

with a possibility of a short break, and then we

will take an hour break from 5:00 to 6:00, and

then come back and take more testimony from 6:00

to 8:00. I will call speakers to the microphone

up here if you have filled out a card at the

registration table. So if you would like to

speak and have not filled out a card, please do

so.

When it is your turn to speak, please state

your name before you begin your testimony. In

order to be fair to everyone, we will limit

testimony to five minutes each. We will signal

to you when you have one minute left to speak

with a yellow triangle. And then when your five

minutes is up, the red stop sign will be lifted,

and I will ask you to complete your testimony.

Please try and be respectful of the time so


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that everyone who wants to speak has the

opportunity to do so. Please try to be as

succinct and on point as you can. If I find you

are straying from the topic at hand, I will

interrupt and ask that you please return to the

issue before us.

If we have time at the end and everyone has

had the chance to speak who wants to and you

have more to say than the five minutes you were

given, then I will allow folks to come back up

and finish their comments.

After you finish your testimony, members of

the panel may ask clarifying questions. We are

not here today to explain the basis for the

proposal -- the notice does that -- nor can we

engage in back-and-forth discussion of the

proposal or respond to your comments during this

hearing.

The purpose of the hearing is to receive

your input. We will consider and then respond

to all comments received during this hearing as

well as all written comments in the final

permits and aquifer exemption determination. As

I said, we will not be answering questions

during the hearing.


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We are recording the hearing today, so be

assured that your comments will be considered.

The court reporter sitting to my left will be

preparing a transcript of today's proceeding

that will be available for anyone who wants to

see it. The transcript is part of the record

and will be included in the docket for this

matter.

The docket is where EPA collects materials

it has considered in its action, including

public comments. The docket is available on the

internet for review, or you can review a hard

copy in Denver's -- EPA's Denver office. The

transcript of this hearing will also be

available on the docket.

If you have written comments of your

testimony, please give a copy to our staff at

the registration table, or you can leave it here

with me. This will be helpful as the court

reporter prepares the transcript. If you have

other written comments or supporting

documentation, you may also leave that with us,

and we will make sure they are entered into the

docket for this action.

You also may submit written comments


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directly to the docket through May 19th.

Instructions for submitting comments can be

found at the registration table.

Once the final permits are issued and the

aquifer exemption determination has been made,

anyone who participated in these hearings,

either through oral testimony or written

comments, has the right to appeal the Agency's

decision to the Environmental Appeals Board.

At this time, I'll turn it over to Ms. Shea,

who's going to provide a little bit more

background and information.

MS. SHEA: Good afternoon, everyone. Thank

you so much for coming to our public hearing

today.

I'm just going to give as brief a

presentation as I can to kind of explain the

background and context for the comments you're

going to hear today, and explain a little bit

about the permit requirements that we're asking

you to comment on.

First, I would like to talk about the

Underground Injection Control program so you

understand what we do in our program. This

program is authorized under the Safe Drinking


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Water Act. Its mission is to protect

underground sources of drinking water from

injection through injection wells.

An underground source of drinking water is

defined in the UIC regulations as an aquifer or

portion of an aquifer which supplies any public

water system, or which contains a sufficient

quantity of groundwater to supply a public water

system, and currently supplies drinking water

for human consumption, or contains fewer than

10,000 milligrams per liter total dissolved

solids.

The UIC program classifies injection wells

into six classes based on the type of injectate

and the purpose for injection. The two classes

we'll be talking about today are Class III,

which is for the in-situ recovery of a mineral

deposit, in this case uranium, and then a Class

V, which is -- Class V deep wells, which inject

into or above an underground source of drinking

water, in this case for the disposal of treated

ISR waste fluids. Our regulations allow us to

exempt a portion of the USDW if it meets certain

criteria.

As Judge Sutin said, we issued two draft


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area permits on March 6, 2017. I guess I

already talked about the first and second draft

permits. So the Class III area permit is for

injection wells for in-situ recovery of uranium

from the Inyan Kara aquifers.

And then the second is a Class V area permit

for deep injection wells that will be used to

inject treated ISR waste fluids after they are

treated to meet radioactive and hazardous waste

fluids standards, and that will be injected into

the Minnelusa aquifer.


exemption in connection with the Class III area

permit that will exempt the uranium portion -

uranium-bearing portions of the Inyan Kara group

aquifers in that area where the Class III

injection wells will be injecting for the

purpose of mobilizing the uranium in the ore

deposit so that it can be recovered.

The EPA also did three other documents that

we are taking comment on. One was a draft

Environmental Justice Analysis document. The

second is a Cumulative Effects Analysis

document, which looks at the effects of all the

injection wells under the area permit. And then


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a draft document explaining the process and

consideration of our tribal consultation

process.

We began tribal consultation a couple years

ago, sent out an invitation letter. And at that

time, eight tribes responded, and we've met with

seven of the tribes. We are expecting to

continue our consultation process further,

hopefully meeting with additional tribes. And

we will not issue any final draft permit

decisions until our tribal consultation process

is complete.

And we are requesting review and comment on

all of the documents, and they can be found on

our website. And the public notice has that

website, and the public notice is sitting on

that table over there.

There are other agencies that regulate the

Dewey-Burdock site. One is the Nuclear

Regulatory Commission, which has issued a

license for the site. The South Dakota

Department of Environment and Natural Resources

has proposed a large-scale -- a large-scale mine

permit which regulates the whole site. They

have not yet finished their public review


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process.

The Bureau of Land Management has a plan of

operations, and I don't know the status of that

plan of operations yet. And then there's

another draft permit or proposed permit from the

DENR for the groundwater discharge permit for

the land application and the treated ISR waste

fluids on the surface in case the Class V

injection wells cannot be permitted or used or

do not dispose of the full volume of waste

fluids that need to be disposed of.

So this shows the map of the Dewey-Burdock

area. I just have to figure out what -- there

we go. It's -- this is the permit boundary. It

lies along the South Dakota-Wyoming border here,

and this is the border between Fall River and

Custer Counties. There are -- there's the Dewey

area -- Dewey area, and the Burdock area.

There are four proposed wellfields in the

Dewey area and ten proposed wellfields in the

Burdock area. The color codes here that show

the outline of the ore deposits are based on

which Inyan Kara aquifer the ore deposit is

located in. And then these dots are the

proposed locations for the two deep Class V


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injection wells.

This is the Cheyenne River running just

south of the site, and then it travels further

down to where we are today in Edgemont. And

Beaver Creek is a tributary to the Cheyenne

River. Pass Creek is also a tributary, but it's

not shown here because it's not -- it doesn't

flow all year round, so it didn't make it onto

this map. But it's there.

So this slide gives an idea of what the

wellfield layout will be. These -- this grid

pattern is the pattern of injection wells and

production wells. The injection wells will be

used to inject the lixiviant, which consists of

the groundwater from the Inyan Kara Aquifer with

carbon dioxide and oxygen added in order to

mobilize the uranium, and that fluid will be

brought to the surface through a production

well. So that's the grid you're seeing here.

This line of wells on the outside of the

perimeter are monitoring wells, and I'll explain

more about them in a different slide. And then

this dashed green line is the aquifer exemption

boundary, which is located 120 feet outside of

the perimeter monitoring well.


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So I just wanted to talk a little bit about

the quality of the Inyan Kara aquifers.

Naturally occurring Inyan Kara groundwater

outside of the wellfields is naturally high in

sulfate, manganese, and in some places iron.

In order for it to taste good to drink, it

has to be treated with reverse osmosis. In the

area where the uranium deposits are located, the

wells there also show high levels of gross

alpha, radium, and radon.

So it can be treated for drinking to remove

these, but you still will get the gross alpha,

radium, and radon if you take a shower or

launder your clothes. So the radioactive decay

series of uranium eventually results in radium,

which quickly decays to radon and daughter

elements which emit alpha radiation.

Human skin can block alpha radiation, so

it's not a threat to you outside your body, but

if you were to breathe in the radon gas, it does

decay inside your lungs, and that's the danger

you hear from radon. So there's an increased

risk of wells in this area for radon exposure.

This is a vertical cross-section through the

Inyan Kara aquifers, and I color-coded the


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uranium deposits to match the maps. So you can

see that the red are in the lower Chilson, the

green in the Upper Chilson, and then the blue

were in the Lower Fall River. And this is the

vertical extent of the proposed exemption area.

And then once again, the exemption -- I have

lost my -- there it is. I guess it takes awhile

to warm up. So this is the proposed boundary,

120 feet outside of the perimeter monitoring

well ring.

This diagram is kind of a cartoon of the ISR

process. And I talked about, the lixiviant is

injected into the injection wells, pulled

through the uranium ore deposits, pick up the

uranium, and then brought to the surface through

the production wells, taken to the processing

plant where uranium is removed from the

solution, and then most of the water comes back

to be recycled through the uranium ore deposit,

and more oxygen and CO2 is added.

So you're hearing about a maximum pumping

rate of 8,000 gallons per minute. Most of that

water does -- is recycled back, but a

percentage, 1 to 3 percent for most of the time,

is bled off. And that's the amount of water


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that would be lost from the Inyan Kara aquifer

by this process.

If the EPA ever does issue a final permit,

Powertech would not automatically be allowed to

start injecting and recovering uranium. There

are a number of tests required to characterize

the geology and hydrology for each of the

wellfields that you saw.

And the crucial question being answered by

all the data that they have to collect and that

we would analyze is, can the uranium-bearing

fluids be contained both horizontally inside

this ore-bearing injection zone and also

vertically?

And the major test that will provide us that

information is a wellfield pump test. So this

line demonstrates the water table over most of

the Dewey-Burdock area. The wells actually flow

to the surface.

During a pump test, the water table is

lowered into what we call a cone of depression.

And if this is possible to maintain through the

pump test, that shows us that the groundwater -

let's see. Sorry about that. I forgot which

slide my arrow is, my arrow drawing. So that


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demonstrates that the groundwater can flow -- be

contained by flowing into, towards the wellfield

area.

Then we also look at the response in the

overlying and underlying monitoring wells during

the pump test. And if we don't see any change

in water level in these wells, then that tells

us that the confining zone is good and the

injection fluids can be contained vertically.

So under wellfield operation, we would

expect to see the same type of behavior. These

are the perimeter monitoring wells. And to

demonstrate horizontal containment, we would see

the water tables lowered.

If it starts to rise, that's an early

warning system that possibly we're losing

containment here, and then we have to change the

pumping arrangement and recovery -

injection/recovery arrangement in order to keep

horizontal control of these.

And then the overlying and underlying

monitoring wells are monitored throughout the

process through groundwater restoration until

the groundwater is restored.

So these arrows just demonstrate that the


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permit requires that injection interval

groundwater is always flowing in towards where

the wellfield is in order to contain the

injectate from moving away from the wellfield.

So once again, this is -- just talks about

how there are numerous requirements for -

requirements for rigorous geologic and

hydrologic characterization in both the Class

III and the Class V permits, to show that

injection activity will not cause migration of

injectate into underground sources of drinking

water.

And the Class III permit requirements

include -- there's several of them, but the

major ones that I wanted to talk about is

Powertech has to show a map of all the plugged,

abandoned exploration drill holes, the historic

boreholes you've heard about.

We want to see a map of that located within

the perimeter monitoring well ring for each

wellfield, and then identify which of those that

have to be replugged because they were leaking.

And then we want to see, also, copies of any

new or historic drill logs that have been

annotated to indicate there was evidence of a


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fault or a fracture or a joint for any of the

drill holes located inside the perimeter

monitoring well ring.

UIC regulations do allow us to approve ISR

activity in the areas where there is a breach of

confining zone. But in these situations, extra

monitoring is required on these breaches to make

sure that the fluids are not moving vertically

out of the zone.

So this represents a breach through the

confining zone. This is the ore deposit that

would be developed. We would look -- we would

add extra monitoring wells in this area to make

sure that no contamination is moving through

each of the confining zones.

Then after uranium recovery is completed,

the draft permit requires that once wellfield

restoration is also completed and approved by

the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, then

Powertech has to start implementing its proposed

post-restoration monitoring plan -

post-restoration monitoring plan. It's hard for

me to say.

This plan we would look at before the

wellfield pump tests have to begin because we


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have to -- we want to see a boundary

downgradient of the wellfield. These arrows

represent the direction of groundwater flow.

And we would have Powertech choose where

they want to put a boundary of monitoring wells

so that we can have them monitor any contaminant

movement out of the wellfield that might occur

after groundwater restoration is complete.

Because the final compliance boundary is our

aquifer exemption boundary here, the underground

source of drinking water lies outside it but the

permit requires that no ISR contaminants may

move across this aquifer exemption boundary into

the underground source of drinking water.

We want to find out if there are any

contaminants before they get to the aquifer

exemption boundary, so Powertech would choose a

good location for this monitoring boundary and

then monitor it to detect contaminants.

If contaminants are detected, then they have

to have a backup line of monitoring wells, and

they have to do some sort of remediation to

clean up the source inside the wellfield and

then also the contamination. And then this

would be an iterative process.


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If contamination continues to move, then

there is another line of monitoring wells and

requirements for cleanup until finally they can

demonstrate that no contaminants would cross the

aquifer exemption boundary.

I probably just -- oh, to do this, we do

have to establish baseline constituent

concentrations, and that would be the permit

limit. We want to make sure that no

contaminants cross in concentrations above

what's already there.

The baseline monitoring would begin before

the wellfield pump tests, and then the strategy

for developing the baseline and for monitoring

the compliance boundary is based on RCRA, the

Unified Guidance, which is the statistical

analysis that establishes baseline and detection

of contaminants. And this strategy has been

implemented for many years by the RCRA program

and has proven successful, so we're relying on

it here too.

Now, the deep Class V injection wells, we

are requiring the most protective, stringent

well construction requirements that we have

under our regulation, and that's for Class I


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wells, to make sure that the wells are

well-constructed and will not allow leakage

through confining zones or from the well.

And there are also numerous requirements for

rigorous geologic and hydrologic

characterization to verify the injection

activity does not migrate -- cause migration of

injectate into USDWs.

The other important aspect is that Powertech

must demonstrate that in the area where the

injection wells are located, the Minnelusa

aquifer is not an underground source of drinking

water, which means that it would have total

dissolved solids above 10,000 milligrams per

liter.

We do have a historic sample from an oil and

gas test well in that area that showed in that

location the Minnelusa is 16- to 21,000

milligrams per liter. Let's -- if it turns out

that once the wells are drilled and the

Minnelusa aquifer has total dissolved solids

below 10,000 milligrams per liter, then it would

be an underground source of drinking water and

no injection would be allowed. The EPA would

not authorize any injection into that.


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The Class V permit does require the

injectate is treated to below radioactive waste

standards and hazardous waste standards.

This is a geologic cross-section that just

shows the Minnelusa formation through this area.

This would be the Minnelusa injection zone.

There is a thickness at the base that acts as a

confining zone between the Minnelusa injection

zone and your Madison aquifer. We wanted to

make sure that there's adequate confinement so

that no contaminants migrate down to the

Madison.

And then we would also look at this upper

confining zone that protects the Unkpapa and

Sundance aquifers as well as the Lakota, the

Chilson, and Fall River aquifers of the Inyan

Kara.

I think I'm going to skip ahead to the next.

I can come back to this. So the Minnelusa is a

very interesting aquifer. It actually has -

its character changes across this boundary

called a dissolution front. Close to the

outcrop, the overburden of the Minnelusa is not

heavy enough to overcome the pressure of the

Madison aquifer. Go back to this slide.


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The Madison is a very high-pressure aquifer,

and as you know, down here it flows to the

surface, and the Minnelusa aquifer is not a

high-pressure aquifer.

So in areas where the overburden is thin,

the Madison aquifer has actually pushed through

and dissolved out this anhydrite mineral that

composes most of the Minnelusa aquifer.

Anhydrite is a sulfate, a calcium sulfate, and

it's what causes the Minnelusa to have high

total dissolved solids and not be a USDW in

areas farther away from its outcrop.

So around Hot Springs, this anhydrite has

been dissolved away by the Madison limestone.

And you can see what's called a collapsed

breccia in the Minnelusa formation that you can

actually see at the surface in Hot Springs.

And there are a lot of drinking water wells

of good quality near Hot Springs because there

is -- all the anhydrite has been removed. And

the zone of active dissolution of the anhydrite

is what is shown along this line here.

So above, to the northeast of this

dissolution front, you get good quality -

drinking water quality in the Minnelusa aquifer.


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Downgradient of the dissolution front, you still

have all that anhydrite mineralization, and

that's what causes the Minnelusa not to be an

underground source of drinking water in the

Dewey-Burdock area.

This slide shows that same dissolution zone

that was shown in red, and it kind of covers

this area. Hot Springs is here. The

Dewey-Burdock area is over here. All these dots

are either oil and gas wells or test wells that

were drilled looking for oil and gas. And many

of them actually, in the record on the state

website, contain the drilling logs.

And I was able to -- I looked at all of

these wells, and you can actually see there's

thick Minnelusa with lots of anhydrite down in

this area. It's starting to fade away. Many of

these well logs show missing anhydrite and thin

Minnelusa, and then up here it's -- the

Minnelusa is much thinner and there's no

anhydrite. So this also can be verified looking

at oil and gas wells. I think I probably talk

about that in this slide, too.

So the Class V permit requirements, we want

to verify the integrity of that Minnelusa


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confining zone by looking at the drill logs of

the deep Class V wells themselves and then the

plugged oil and gas wells shown in the previous

slide.

Also looking at the groundwater levels of

the Minnelusa and the Madison aquifers, as I

said, the Madison aquifer is very high-pressure.

It has a high groundwater level that's above the

ground.

The Minnelusa doesn't have as high of a

pressure, so we expect to see different levels

when we -- when Powertech, if they drill these

wells and actually isolate and measure the

groundwater levels, we expect to see different

water levels in the Minnelusa and Madison

aquifers.

Then also looking at the sulfate

concentration, where we have that anhydrite in

the confining zone where you see high sulfate,

in that area where there isn't a confining zone,

that's where the sulfate is low and it's

drinking-water quality.

Then also we will look at a comparison of

the Madison and Minnelusa water chemistry.

Where there is -- where they are separate and


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have a good confining zone, it's very different

water chemistry. But up near Hot Springs where

there is no confining zone between the Madison

and the Minnelusa, the water chemistry looks

very similar, almost the same.

I just wanted to mention quickly that there

are treatment and storage ponds for the Class V

injectate. Radium is the only radioactive waste

expected to occur in our ISR waste fluids. As I

mentioned, the uranium does eventually decay to

radium, and that's the longest-lived radioactive

element we expect to see.

It can be treated and removed from the

injectate by mixing it with -- mixing the waste

fluids with barium chloride and then putting

them into these settling ponds where the barium

settles out the uranium. And then it flows into

these outlet ponds, and it would flow, then, to

the Class V injection well, where it would be

expected to meet radioactive waste standards.

This is my final slide. I just want to

emphasize the importance of our public review

process to us. We issue draft permits in order

to propose a set of permit requirements that we

feel are as protective as we can make under our


Vshea

Highlight

should be "radium"

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UIC regulations.

But we know that they are not perfect, and

we want your input on how they can be made

better. Or if they are just not going to do the

job at all, we want to hear that, too.

Our UIC regs require that we have a 30-day

comment period. But as I mentioned, the number

of documents we have to review, we thought that

we should give everyone more time to review

these documents, so our public comment period

has gone from March 6th to May 19th, which is a

week from this Friday.

Our regulations also require us to hold a

public hearing if one is requested, but we knew

we wanted to hear from as many people as we

possibly could, so that's why we scheduled five

days of public hearings. And let's get to that

now. We want to hear your comments.

Jacque is going to record them for us, and

then we will respond to those before we issue a

draft permit. Thank you very much.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Okay.

Let's get started.

Our first speaker is Bill Curran.

BILL CURRAN: Good afternoon. I'm Bill


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Curran. I have a small hobby ranch.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: We need

you to -- yeah, please. Thank you. That way

the court reporter can hear you.

BILL CURRAN: I'll start again.

Good afternoon. Bill Curran. I have a

small hobby ranch up in the general area -

COURT REPORTER: I can't hear. I'm sorry.

Just pull it up so everybody can hear.

BILL CURRAN: Anyhow, I have a small hobby

ranch up in the general area of where this

mining project is going to take place, so it's

kinds of near and dear to my heart. I don't

have anybody leasing my land. I do own mineral

rights, but I'm not entertaining any offers from

mining companies or anything of that nature.

I did take an interest in this because it is

so close to my property, and it appeared to me

that we had a lot of people who were objecting

to the project on the basis of the emotion. We

had government looking at this with science and

saying, Yeah, it looks safe. And it appears

that way that most of the permits have now been

issued.

A few years ago, there was a hearing that I


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believe the State held. If Susan Henderson was

here, I would be able to ask her because Susan

has been to every one of these. But I can't

remember how many years ago it was. It was up

at Rapid City at, I believe, the Ramada Inn.

And before the hearing, I went up and down

the road and talked to every one of my neighbors

and asked them if they were in favor of the

project. All of them but one signed a petition

in favor of the project. The one that didn't

sign it had just moved to the area and didn't

know anything about it up or down or whatever.

What I did want to get across today to these

folks who have come here to hear us is that all

of the local people are in favor of it. The

people most directly affected by this mining

project are in favor of it. And I want to turn

this petition over to them.

They actually are the same -- pretty much

the same landowners today that were there then.

And like I say, everyone here in the area is in

favor of it. I am still in favor of it. I

would certainly hope all those were. Thank you.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Thank you,

Mr. Curran.


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Keith Anderson.

Don Matt. Yeah, we'll call him -

I'm sorry. You're here. I apologize.

Mr. Matt, you'll be next.

DON MATT: I had a long walk.

KEITH ANDERSON: My name is Keith Anderson.

I'm a professional engineer and licensed in

South Dakota, Wyoming, and Nebraska. I also

live on a ranch 20 miles northwest of Edgemont.

I don't think you've heard from a lot of people

with sincere concerns about this project over

the past several days. I doubt you'll hear from

anybody who has more educational background,

personal experience, and direct personal

interest in the Dewey-Burdock property than I

have.

I was born and raised on that ranch. It's

been in our family since 1908. I moved there in

1952, and I've lived there off and on ever

since. We have a pretty direct connection to

the uranium properties. My dad worked -- went

to work in the mines in the late 1950s and 1960s

to supplement the ranch income.

I worked at the uranium mill while I was

going to college to pay for my college


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education. I got out of South Dakota State

University with a degree in engineering and no

college debt, so I have been very much involved

with the uranium business over the years.

My second job after college, I was hired as

a hydrologist on the Dewey-Burdock project in

1976, and I worked there in various capacities

until 1989. Some of you may have reviewed the

hydrology work that was done on the

Dewey-Burdock property in the 1970s and '80s.

That was done by me or people under my direct

supervision.

The aquifer testing that you guys have

reviewed in considering this permit was aquifer

testing that I did. So I feel I have direct,

firsthand knowledge of the project and

hydrogeology and geochemistry of this project.

You've heard from a lot of people who have

sincere emotional concerns about this project,

and I understand that. In a lot of cases,

people are fearful for things they don't

understand.

I guess what I would hope would be that this

country, these kinds of decisions are based on

the facts and on knowledge and not based on fear


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and emotion.

So I appreciate your taking the time to

listen to us today, and I just want to speak in

support of granting these permits for Powertech.


Mr. Anderson.

Mr. Matt.

DON MATT: My name is Don Matt. I am

currently living in Edgemont, South Dakota. I

have a relative whose first wife grew up here.

She died of cancer at 37. The only thing he

will say is, "Don't drink the water."

As a young man, I lived a few years in Utah

where I had to comfort a roommate from

St. George, Utah, who lost a 19-year-old brother

to cancer. Children there used to write their

names in the nuclear fallout dust covering

automobiles.

A July 2017 eleven-page special report to

The Oregonian printed there were an estimated

400,000 atomic veterans ordered to be nuclear

guinea pigs under or near atomic test blasts and

the reluctance of government experts to

acknowledge ongoing health problems.

Salt Lake's Deseret News spent years


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documenting the culture of insensitivity and

denial of first the Atomic Energy Commission and

then the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a

cosmetic change that made little actual

difference.

More recently, I knew a Rapid City,

South Dakota photographer who loved vacationing

in the beautiful Utah areas with the

aftereffects of hundreds of uranium mines and

nuclear tests. He died of cancer.

I could not resist picking up a copy of the

book titled, The Day They Bombed Utah by John

Fuller. The list of nuclear problems and losses

is mind-numbing. These countless examples

demonstrate an ongoing culture of denial and

insensitivity that carries forward to this day.

I can see why regulators would block out

things which could cost them their jobs and

bring billions of dollars in lawsuits.

According to paid engineers working for the

Chinese uranium mining company Azarga, they and

the Nuclear Regulatory Commission are best

qualified to look after our safety and welfare.

Not everyone always sees it that way.

In 2007, then-candidate Barack Obama stated,


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quote: "The NRC is a moribund agency that needs

to be revamped and has become captive to the

industries that it regulates." That's according

to a Keene, New Hampshire Sentinel interview."

A ProPublica website article dated

December 26, 2012 on Wyoming in-situ mining

notes, quote: "The Safe Drinking Water Act

forbids injecting industrial waste into or above

drinking water aquifers, but the EPA issued what

are called aquifer exemptions that gave mine

operators at the ranch permission to ignore the

law. Over the last three decades, the Agency

has issued more than 1500 such exemptions

nationwide, allowing energy and mining companies

to pollute portions of at least 100 drinking

aquifers."

A USGS study published by Otton in 2009

found that, quote: "To date, no remediation of

an ISR operation in the United States has

successfully returned the aquifer to its

baseline."

Tree rings throughout the West provide an

historic record of droughts lasting as long as

30 years. This would drastically argue against

proposed calculations of water recharge.


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When tritium from nuclear fallout moved

through groundwater in the Inyan Kara group at

15 feet per day, it indicated possible flaws in

the rocks or porous lenses. This data was

either ignored or explained away.

A recent paper said the 1963 data showing

much faster velocity is an unresolved issue.

That's from the South Dakota Academy of

Science's Proceedings, Volume 93, 2014, page 28.

Recent experiments by Duke University

published on October 26, 2010 showed placing CO2

underground for greater than 30 [sic] days,

quote, "could pose a risk to overlying fresh

groundwater," unquote.

They further said, quote: "Potentially

dangerous uranium and barium increased

throughout the experiment -- throughout the

experiment in some samples." This showed

underground storage of CO2 creates carbonic acid

and is not harmless.

No exemption should allow placing nuclear

waste in waters which could be used by

agricultural animals and thus indirectly by

humans. Thank you.



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Mr. Matt.

Isaiah Cox.

ISAIAH COX: My name is Isaiah Cox, and I am

a student at Hot Springs Middle School.

And I see how mining the uranium would be

good. It could open up some jobs, but it can

also close some jobs, too. For instance, like

ranchers and farmers, well, you need water, you

know, and I've heard that this will poison the

water. So that's not really good, so -- yeah.

Well, animals and plants need water, so -

and also, I'm not sure if any of you have heard

of Evans Plunge, but it is pretty much a water

park, you know. Lots of people go there, and

it's one of the -- it's a pretty big company, I

guess -- well, water park.

But if they continue with this, it will

close down along with many other places, closing

other jobs, too. And yeah, some people told me

to, like, speak from my heart, not like write

anything down. So yeah, forgive me if I mumble

and, like, shake or freeze. Okay.

But anyway, I asked somebody earlier today

what the -- what it would be used for. And they

said that they don't really know, but it will,


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like -- they were kind of, do it -- well, they

were like, do their research, and then, like,

they will get, like, a client, but they don't

really know what it would be used for now.

So I would -- well, I'm against it. I hope

you can see this, and yeah -- and, I guess,

so...


Mr. Cox.

Kurt Barker.

KURT BARKER: Hi. My name is Kurt Barker.

I'll put it right next to my mouth. How

does that sound? Your Honor, Ms. Shea,

Mr. Minter, thank you for the opportunity to

speak. I commend you for the patience and the

discipline to sit through these hearings.

And I can't help but think about the priest

who was responsible for the construction of this

building. He used to have a very clever way of

acknowledging people who volunteered for very

difficult tasks. He would say, "There are a lot

of ways to get to heaven, you certainly didn't

pick the easiest one."

And I think if he were here today watching

what you are doing, he would probably be


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thinking that again. So I just hope the folks

here from all over remember that. But thank you

for hosting this and entertaining all of our

comments.

I grew up in the Edgemont area. My wife and

I live west of Edgemont and west of the project

area. And as ranchers, we work every day to

triangulate concerns about water, grasslands,

and cattle in a way that builds soil health,

because soil health and water health is the

basis of our livelihood and our future.

Accordingly, if this project wasn't

protective of our health and environment and

especially our water, we wouldn't consider

supporting it.

So as you reflect on the many hours of

testimony that you've heard so far, four days

already, I believe, because this is the fifth

day, and the testimony you'll continue to hear,

I would simply ask that you consider the real

stakeholders in this process, the people who

live here and ranch in the project area.

As a stakeholder myself, two thoughts come

to mind. The first one is the Nuclear

Regulatory Commission has established that -


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and I'm going to quote -- that "there are no

environmental impacts that would preclude the

licensing of this facility." That is a very

succinct, clear statement: "There are no

environmental impacts that would preclude the

licensing of this facility."

The second thought that comes to mind is a

broader thought, and that is that uranium is the

fuel for nuclear power, of course, and nuclear

power is the only carbon-free, large-scale

source of power that's available 24 hours a day,

seven days a week.

So as I think of these two points -- no

environmental impacts and fuel for the only

carbon-free, large-scale source of power -- I

wonder, shouldn't the property rights of the

owners of this fuel be considered?

This uranium is not the property of the

horse in town over by Hot Springs or the amateur

environmentalists who were shipped in from

outside the county. It's the property of the

landowners, of which I am one.

The economist Adam Smith said: "The first

and chief design of every system of government

is to maintain justice to prevent the members of


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society from encroaching on one another's

property or seizing what is not their own."

Powertech -- Powertech has complied with all

the requirements of the law. They have prepared

and submitted a full-blown environmental impact

statement. They have prepared and submitted a

site-specific supplemental impact statement.

The scientists at NRC and at your agency

have reviewed both and concluded, again, there

are no environmental impacts that would preclude

licensing of the facility. Or, to use words

that Adam Smith might have used, it would say,

There are no environmental impacts that encroach

on another's property.

So typical teams at your Agency and at the

NRC have determined that this project doesn't

encroach on our neighbors, but despite that,

you've been asked to deny property rights that

help make this country great. That's what it

amounts to.

So we urge you to deny the request of others

to encroach on our property. I urge you to

issue the final permits for this project. And

once again, I thank you for your very kind and

polite attention.


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41


Mr. Barker.

Mike Koopman.

MIKE KOOPMAN: Good afternoon.

Let me start with, I was born here in

South Dakota. South Dakota gave me an

education, which I followed up at the School of

Mines. And because of that background, I first

started -- when I left college, I worked for

Homestake, and then I was offered a chance to

join the -- what would be Wyoming's version of

the DENR, which they call -- over there it's the

DEQ.

And I think I'm probably unique in that

being -- having a background in soft rock, I am

a geological engineer. I am also a registered

professional geologist. I went to work for the

state of Wyoming. Some of these in-situ

projects were interesting over there.

And some of the early mines were, as you can

imagine with any early mining thing, there was

heap leach things where they would take the

minerals, put them on a rubber sheet, pour that

full of acid, and then pull off the remaining

solution. That was okay. That was in its


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infancy.

And as in-situ went along, the department I

was with, we were responsible for looking at

more and more in-situ practices. In fact, we

were responsible for being part of the siting,

part of the construction oversight, part of

the -- watching the production returns,

monitoring that, and in some cases part of the

closure.

So I think I'm probably one of the few, if

any, here in South Dakota that has seen the

aspect of uranium from not only the enforcement

aspect, the environmental aspect.

I also worked in the industry and Shirley

Basin out of Casper for many years. So I've

seen the loop of industry and regulation, et

cetera.

From what I've seen, from the projects that

I was involved with, directly permitting and the

mine plans, et cetera, this project being

proposed right here is probably the optimum from

what I have seen as far as safety, as far as

recovering most, if not all, of the solution

that's being injected.

Some of those early ones were not


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necessarily covered by state and federal regs,

which is why some of them were pretty bad. This

one has a whole slew of constraints. And the

opinion by anybody who has looked at this so far

from a scientific point is that it's valid, it's

safe, and it will work.

And I can tell you, having had hands-on,

been in the trenches checking pipes that carry

solutions and everything, I can tell you that

it's valid and it's safe. And from what I can

see from this project, this one would be far

above my expectations.

So I know emotions run high when you start

talking about water and its availability, but I

would encourage the EPA and others involved here

to look at the background scientific

information, what it supports.

If you need, step to those agencies -- and I

would say one would be that agency in Wyoming

who has done several of these -- to find out,

you know, how things went over there.

Do you have a hiccup once in a while? Sure,

you have a hiccup once in a while, as with any

mining operation.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: That's poison. That's not


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a hiccup. That's poison.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Excuse me.

No commenting during folks' testimony.

MIKE KOOPMAN: I see a lot of you mouthing

objections out there, but I doubt that you've

been in the trenches.

So I would encourage you to proceed with

permitting, to do all you can so this thing gets

going soon. It would have a -- such an economic

benefit in Fall River and Custer Counties, and

we could surely use all the above.

Thank you very much.


Mr. Koopman.

Gardner Gray.

GARDNER GRAY: I was going to -- I had a

list of what I was going to talk about, some of

which I spoke yesterday, so I decided not to

repeat that. And so these are not necessarily

immediately connected except in the larger

picture. And I just -- I won't take much time,

I just want to briefly talk about some of those

points.

I've been reviewing the Black Hills

hydrology study, which I mentioned yesterday.


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And what it says is that the Madison and the

Minnelusa are heavily utilized. The Minnelusa

is one the largest aquifers in the area, and

it's utilized heavily. It isn't a -- it isn't

an aquifer that no one uses and is unusable.

It's being used, and yet they want to put all

this waste into the Minnelusa.

The Black Hills -- oh, the Black Hills water

is a recharge, actually, for outside water, for

example, in the Ogallala. That's pretty

general. The hydraulic connection between

aquifers exists, and there are two -- these two

aquifers, the Madison and the Minnelusa, are

connected to surface water resources. They are

not disconnected.

Part of the -- a major part of the success

of this operation is the non-transmissibility

between aquifers. Well, this shows that there

is transmissibility, that they do connect and

that they're hydraulically connected.

There are numerous fractures -- it goes on

to mention there are numerous fractures and

solutions, and openings that have created

extensive secondary porosity and permeability.

Just another example of these aquifers are not


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impermeably protected.

Both the Madison and the Minnelusa aquifers

are potential sources for numerous large

artesian springs in the Black Hills and

hydraulic connection between the two aquifers in

other locations.

So once again -- I mean, this is the Black

Hills hydrology study. I didn't write it. I

just read some of it. I am not a hydrologist,

so I don't make up my own opinions. I look at

this. And if that's what it says, then I think

these guys know what they are doing.

Apparently, because I'm opposed to this, I'm

an irrational, emotional person, but I would

take issue with that. I'm concerned for the

water in the area, not just for east of here,

but for here.

If you lose your water, you won't have to

worry about raising cattle or growing grass

because you're not going to be able to do it.

There are ranchers in the Nebraska outfit

that have sold their land, sold their cattle,

and moved out of town because the contamination

in that area from that ISL mining.

And it's been mentioned already that there


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is no ISL mine that has ever been cleaned up.

It's just a fact. I don't make these things up.

I read them, and if I -- if I honor the source,

then that's what it means. That's what it says.

There's an ISL mine in Texas called -- I

think it's the Texas Dome. Same old, same old.

People in the area, they take their water out of

the tap. Well, it's radioactive.

And I take issue with the statement that

only -- that radium is the only solution, only

toxin that is a result of this mining when the

NRC clearly states in their application from

this company, Azarga, that it's not true.

And as a final statement, I would simply say

that Azarga doesn't have to -- Azarga/Powertech

doesn't have to clean this up. They aren't

required to clean it up because it can't be

cleaned up. You cannot clean up radioactive

material. It remains radioactive. It might be

in a solid, it might be energy, but it's

radioactive. You can't lie down next to it, you

can't put it in your mouth without getting into

trouble. You can't do those things.

They want you to believe that irradiation is

safer; all these X-rays we have, they are safe.


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Well, they are cumulative. Oh, I'm running out

of time, aren't I? Well, I already talked a

little bit more than I figured I would. So very

quickly let me end with this.

The NRC says that Powertech only has to meet

a standard that says A-L-A-R-A, as low as

reasonably achievable. It doesn't say they have

to clean it up. It says they only have to reach

that measure of -- as whatever I said. I'm

getting too old to do this.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: You said, "Reasonably

achievable."

AUDIENCE MEMBER: "As low as reasonably

achievable."

GARDNER GRAY: There you go, as low as

reasonably achievable. It just kind of went out

of there.

That's no guarantee at all. That's just not

a guarantee. It's not enough. I will end with

that, and thank you very much for your

attention.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Thank you

very much, Mr. Gray.

Sophia Black Cloud.

SOPHIA BLACK CLOUD: (Speaking in indigenous


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language.)

My name is Sophia Mahpiya Sapa. My

traditional name is Flower Woman. I am from the

Hunkpapa Tribe, Standing Rock Sioux, the Great

Lakota Nation.

I just quickly want to start with saying

that on my way in, I wanted to pick up some of

the local sage, and I pulled over to grab some

to have with me while I spoke. And right in

that bush of sage was this turtle shell from

Edgemont here in the front of your city.

And so it looked like it hadn't been -

there was still some fresh flesh on it. And so

I filled it with the sage from the bush that I

found it in and want it tested. I want to know

if this turtle died of natural causes, things

like that. This is exactly what we're here to

fight for today, is to make sure these

four-legged relatives of ours don't go unspoken

for.

So I have a lot that I want to say. I have

been here for the last four days of these

hearings, and I've heard everywhere from

scientists, doctors, teachers, people from

Rapid City, reservations, other states, and


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anywhere from our four-legged friends and in

between.

So I'd like to start with two things before

I go into my reading, and it was the man that

first spoke about the uranium first here

earlier. He's probably paid by Powertech to say

those things. I've heard many speak on what he

spoke on, and it just -- I've heard the

scientists, I've heard the doctors, I've heard

landowners, so on and so forth.

The second landowner that was in favor of

the mining should not have the right to

jeopardize or -- you know, he was in favor of

the landowners have the right to make that

decision for all of us to start mining, and he

should not have the right to jeopardize drinking

water for the entire Black Hills. Should not.

We are the original landowners. Also,

scientists, teachers, doctors, Environmental

Protection Agency, so on and so forth, we are

the original on that.

So then I'd also like to say before I go on

to my reading that these companies, large

corporations, they continue today to steal our

resources. For instance, in the Black Hills,


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we're all talking about our gold, uranium,

plutonium, coal, oil, trees by the thousands

daily, and the effect of all of that is our

water.

All of our resources are being stolen and

sold still. You have tried to buy us, and we

have said no. You pay anyways, but we don't

want it. We don't want your money. We want our

Paha Sapa, Black Hills. Paha Sapa.

No uranium. We don't want it. We didn't

want it then. We didn't want it in the '50s,

'70s, the 2000s, and we sure the hell don't want

it now. We didn't want it when you showed up

here on your boats. We don't want it. We

didn't need it then, we don't need it now.

So I'd like to give you the turtle with the

sage in it. And then I'm going to read. It's

called, "A Gathering of Sioux in Honor of Chief

Sitting Bull."

Sitting Bull said: "We must teach the

children to read and write so the white men

cannot cheat us, and we must hold onto our land

until the young folks can speak English and look

out for our own interests."

A gathering of Sioux in honor of Chief


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Sitting Bull, 1890, December 15th. Hunkpapa

Lakota Sioux and other tribal police conspired

with the U.S. Cavalry to attack Chief Sitting

Bull and those who fought to defend him.

On that day, our most honored of all chiefs

was held and killed by Sioux warriors. This was

the day respect also died for our people.

It is our way to mourn for one year when one

of our relatives enters the spirit world.

Tradition is to wear black while mourning our

lost one. Tradition is not to be happy, not to

sing and dance, and enjoy life's beauty during

mourning time. Tradition is to suffer with the

remembering of our lost one and to give away

much of what we own and to cut our own hair

short.

But Sitting -- but Chief Sitting Bull was

much more than a relation to just one family.

He represented an entire people, our freedom,

our way of life, all that we are. And for 127

years, we as a people have mourned our great

leader.

We have followed tradition in our mourning.

We have not been happy. We have not enjoyed

life's beauty. We have not danced or sung as a


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proud nation. We have suffered remembering our

great Chief and have given away -- given away

much of what was ours.

And tens of thousands of Lakota Sioux have

worn they hair short for 127 years and blackness

has been around us for 127 years. During this

time, the heartbeat of our people has been weak,

and our lifestyle has deteriorated to a

devastating degree.

Our people now suffer from the highest rates

of unemployment, poverty, alcoholism, drug

addiction, and suicide in the country. We as a

people are to blame for this loss of respect

within our own nation and for the continuing

destruction of our own people. Our only excuse:

Ignorance.

Sitting Bull foresaw our stupidity, but we

would not listen. Sitting Bull said what would

become of our people, and it has. If we are to

deal with these problems, we must look into

their origin, our present-day leadership.

The new tribal government system has failed

to reveal our nation, has failed to protect our

people. It is a disgrace to all past Lakota

leaders. But the response -


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REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN:

Cloud, your time is up.

SOPHIA BLACK CLOUD: -- for the

destruction -


Ms. Black

Please

wrap up.

SOPHIA BLACK CLOUD: -- of our people's lives

must be shared with our second form of

leadership, our traditionals -- chiefs, medicine

men, pipe carriers. These traditional leaders

must accept the fact that they too have not

represented their position as they should be

represented.

The people, the men, and children have been

paying the price for inadequate leadership since

the death of Chief Sitting Bull. This is the

kind of leadership that our people can no longer

tolerate, and I'm going to finish up.

Are we to continue to die? Are we to

continue to watch our children suffer without

realizing what must be done without standing

together as one force to protect our children's

lives? Have we as a people given up? Simply,

no, for a whole new generation is born to carry

out our great Chief's instructions.


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We are the new generation, and we will make

a change. We will lead ourselves. We will

rebuild our nation's respect, and the great

Lakota nation will rise again.


Ms. Black Cloud.

Miengun Pamp.

MIENGUN PAMP: Hi. My name is Miengun Pamp.

I spoke two times so far.

Obviously I'm here in opposition to the

whole project. You know, there's just a lot to

say about it, so I don't think I'll sit here all

day and spew big, huge emotional speeches at you

or anything. I don't have one today.

It's just common sense honestly at this

point. Like, no matter how foolproof something

is, there's always going to be a problem, and

when you're dealing with something to this

extent, you know, the dangers of it, it's a

little ridiculous to take that chance.

Like a hiccup, you know, a little bump in

the road, that's millions of people. That's,

you know, hundreds of lives that would be gone

so fast.

It's a generational problem. Like


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genetically, you would be affected, your kids

are affected, anything that survived after that

would be affected. It's, you know, just a

little idiotic to let it go, you know, oh, it'll

be fine. But if it's not, there's nowhere to

go. There's no out. You wouldn't even know it

was happening until it was too late.

Just figured I'd say how I felt one last

time, and everybody have a nice day.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Thank you.

Debra White Plume.

DEBRA WHITE PLUME: Can you hear me? Okay.

Greetings, Mitakuyepi. Greetings to you of the

Environmental Protection Agency of the United

States of America. My name is Debra White

Plume. My Lakota name is Wioweya Najin Win.

I'm Oglala Lakota from the Pine Ridge

homelands, maybe 60 miles south of here. And I

am Cheyenne on my mother's side, Northern

Cheyenne, who escaped from prisoner of war

status at Crawford, Nebraska back in the day.

Now, I'm familiar with Crawford, Nebraska

because that's where there's an in-situ leach

uranium mine owned by Cameco Incorporated. I'm

the lead plaintiff against that corporation.


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They want to renew their license and start a new

mine, North Trend; a new mine, Three Crow; a new

mine, Marsland. One of the men who used to work

for Cameco at Crow Butte, he's part of Powertech

and Azarga.

I don't trust these uranium corporations

because I've been in this battle for the

protection of sacred water for 27 years now.

When we filed against Cameco, we were the first

ones to challenge a uranium corporation in

America in 17 years. That was ten years ago.

It's been 27 years now since anybody challenged

a uranium corporation.

Now, this place where we stand here today is

our ancestral territory. You're not the first

peace commission to come out here. One came 149

years ago and negotiated the 1868 Fort Laramie

Treaty, the 1851 Horse Creek Treaty with our

ancestors. That treaty retained a land base and

water right where we stand here today. This is

my people's land.

We call the Black Hills He Sapa. To us it's

the heart of everything that is. Now, I don't

want you to let Azarga encroach on our ancestral

territory. This is not just a little community


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of Edgemont. This is not just a little county.

This is ancestral territory of the Lakota

nation, the Cheyenne nation, the Arapahoe

nation.

Now, you heard about a hiccup. For us -- I

mean, what happened in Hanford is not a hiccup.

Fukushima is not a hiccup. At Cameco, their

deep disposal wells leaked disposal waste for

four years before they found that leak. Now,

these mines up here, they leaked in the disposal

wells, too.

I don't want you to approve a permit that's

going to allow them to punch 4,000 holes through

our aquifer. I don't want you to give them a

permit that's going to allow them deep disposal

wells. Because as much as the industry stacks

the deck, bringing specialists here on the

payroll, they are still not perfect science

about uranium mining.

Ask the people at Fukushima, ask the people

at Hanford, ask the people living nearby Cameco,

and they'll tell you.

This is a public comment period, not a time

for scientists and experts to come up here and

impress each other with their big words. This


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is time for everyday people like me to come and

speak to you government officials.

I'm a mother, I'm a grandmother, I'm going

to be a great-grandmother in November, the first

time I'm going to be a great-grandmother. I

want my takoja tiwahe's baby to come into a

world where there's clean water. I want her to

stand here someday as a great-grandmother,

welcoming her great-grandchild into a world

where there's clean water. I'm going to tell

you, to the Lakota people, water is our first

medicine. We know it's finite.

It came here from the Star Nation. The

water that's here is the water that was here

when the dinosaurs came. There is no more

water, people. I ask you to look at your papers

when you go home and think about the Minnelusa.

That's a Lakota word. It means swift water, the

Lakota aquifer. That's another Lakota word.

These waters are named by our people because

we were here since time immemorial, and we want

to be here far into the future. These deep

disposal wells, they are maybe not just for

Azarga. Maybe they want to bring in Cameco's

waste from Wyoming, from Nebraska.


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You don't know because they didn't line that

out, did they? They didn't line that out in

their application. I don't trust these people.

They are fat, taker corporations, and they want

to encroach on us.

Corporations come in to little communities

that want jobs, nice homes, a future for their

children. That's what Powertech and Azarga did.

They came in here. Now they have people

standing up saying we're encroaching on

Edgemont.

This water is for 16 million people. Beaver

Creek, Pass Creek, they flow into the Cheyenne,

which is 30 minutes from my home, which flows

into the Missouri, which I drink from.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Ms. White

Plume, your time is up, so I need you to wrap up

your comments, please.

DEBRA WHITE PLUME: Okay. What I want to

say is that the -- I mentioned the treaty. I

want to mention the United Nations Declaration

on the Rights of Indigenous People, which says

governments must have free and prior informed

consent of Native peoples before they bring

development in, and we didn't give that.


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Our Oglala Sioux Tribe said no to uranium

mining, no to radioactive waste coming in, and I

say that, too, on behalf of my grandchildren, my

coming generations, all the animals and the

standing silent nations, the plants that we need

here.

So I ask you to take this home. Take this

home to your offices, share your paperwork,

share your paperwork and study it. And don't

think of this as a science experiment because we

live here. So I thank you for coming, and I

thank you for listening to me.

(Speaking in indigenous language.)

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Clarence

Anderson.

CLARENCE ANDERSON: My name is Clarence

Anderson. I've lived in this area most of my

life. I began working at the uranium mill in

1960, and I worked there until we shut it down

in -- shut the property down in 1989. I had

raised my family here. I have four children,

nine grandchildren, I have eleven

great-grandchildren that have been raised in

this area.

And I want you to know that in all of the


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work experience I've had, one thing or another,

I have no concern whatsoever about the

technology being used on this project. I also

want you to understand that I was able to raise

a family here because of the income that was

provided at this job for me and hundreds,

hundreds of other people that have worked

through this uranium industry over the years.

I think that one of the things that come to

light for me, we were operating in the '50s,

'60s, and '70s, the old mining time when we

would have went underground, extract the ore,

and then bring it into the mill and, press it

and grind it, leach it, and strip it.

The same thing that's going to be done by

Powertech, but it'll done in place. It won't be

the disturbance to the ground, the material.

When we were going to mine, we would have

drained the aquifer. We would have had to pump

the aquifer dry to get in there and mine.

This won't be the case here. There is a lot

of talk about the water permit and how much

water is going to be extracted in this. Valois

said earlier, a big share of that will be put

back into the aquifer, so -- but I just want to


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say that I think this is an extremely safe

method of operation, and I'm very strongly in

favor of it. Thank you.


Mr. Anderson.

Ingrid Grimes. Ingrid Grimes?

Jim Grimes?

Nancy Kile.

NANCY KILE: My name is Nancy Kile. I live

in Sioux County, Nebraska. I was born and

raised in Crawford, Nebraska area. Please

accept these as my comments to the formal

hearing record.

Deceptive language is snake oil,

descriptions like uranium recovery, and the use

of simple soda pop solutions. Then to top it

off, hiding radioactive waste in deep injection

wells that pass through groundwater aquifers.

Who will cover the cost of having hazardous

training for rural emergency responders,

contaminated workers, equipment? Who will clean

up license areas soils that contaminated -- that

are contaminated because of toxic wasteland

applications?

Who will monitor the spray discharge of the


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evaporation pond poisonous wastewater as it

settles on the surrounding fields and prairie?

Count on hazardous delivery spills occurring

on your county roads. Be ready to evacuate your

home when it does. If you doubt it, come to

Crawford. I'll give you a tour. The casual

transport of yellowcake is lethal to wayside

communities. Boreholes and toxic flush

extraction and mining yellowcake endangers

downstream communities far into the future.

Don't let Cameco bring hazardous poisonous

waste up here. Don't do your neighbor like

that. Keep it in the ground. No aquifer

exemptions.


Ms. Kile.

It's 3:30. We're going to take a ten-minute

break. We'll start up again at 3:40.

(A recess was taken from

3:30 p.m. to 3:40 p.m.)

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Okay.

We're going to get started, if folks could take

their seats.

Our next speaker is Tonia Stands.

TONIA STANDS: Okay. I just want to start


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with this. And I forgot to give this to you

yesterday. And I meant to tell you a history,

and I was telling that story yesterday about

this water. This water is very sought after

water. I have two more. So -- okay.

My name is Tonia Stands, and I'm from

Oglala, South Dakota, right east of here. And

I'm a full-blooded Oglala Lakota woman from

Oglala. And I was raised by my grandmas who

have direct connection with this land.

I was trying to tell you yesterday. And as

a child, I was brought into this area for many

different reasons throughout the year. My

grandparents, they would come in a certain way

into the Black Hills, into these doors, and

we're supposed to come in like that.

And so what I was telling you yesterday was,

we weren't citizens of this country even though

we're the original people to the Black Hills.

If you want to talk about stakeholders, you want

to bring that into such an area, I mean, that's

just like the audacity, you know, an insult to

us that you have more, I guess, privilege over

us.

And you're using your white privilege to


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come over us and our religious beliefs in

connection to this land and what's under this

land. So you want to -- you want to talk about

stakeholders, you're insulting us. We were

forced out of here.

You know, they named Harney Peak after

William K. Harney because the Standing -- Chief

Standing Rock went over there to hunt, and he

left his family there, women and children. And,

you know, General Harney came in and slaughtered

that whole camp, so they named our sacred site

after him.

And that's Inyan Kara, under all -- from

that top of this peak, the highest point, that's

connected to the bottom of this. And you can't

take us away from that because we were born -

and you guys, go to Wind Cave. There's a nice

little sign there that says we came out of

there. And you'll acknowledge that.

And then come in here and have the audacity

to say you're a stakeholder. This land was

stolen. This land was taken. And we were

forced out to a reservation. And we were

disconnected. And we didn't have religious

freedom. Look at this church, where we all get


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to stand in. You want to be respectful? Let's

go stand in our church.

This is our church, this whole Black Hills

area, from the top to the bottom. And the

reason I know this is because my grandmas, we

come from Oglala, and we gather -- we gather our

plants and fruits and vegetables, and everything

is provided for us here. That's our agreement

with this land and the entities, the elements of

this land. Those are our relatives.

We come out of -- we come out of Wind Cave,

and -- and you want to take that apart and

discombobulate that and misconstrue it. But we

are the original people to this land. This is

the center of the universe, the whole world.

The whole universe started right here, and we

have those in our language. We have those

connections still.

And we have an oath and a duty to protect

the sacred because they don't have a voice.

They are considered animals, and no, those are

our relatives. They have moms and dads, and

they drink out of these creeks. And this whole

area is our -- is our home. We're the real

stakeholders here.


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And I come from Oglala, and we still make

our trek here and gather our fruits and our

vegetables, our food and our medicines. And you

know what? Whew. I -- I have a friend that

lives in this area, and I gathered some tipsila,

which is our fruit. They are all deformed.

They are all sick. So we can't come here and

gather our food there. They destroyed it, and

they want to keep destroying it.

They don't tell you -- they don't tell the

public about their evaporation ponds and their

leaks and their spray mists. And those blow

right into the Cheyenne River.

And you know what? I live in this range

where my dad lives right here by Red Shirt by

Cheyenne River, and my mom lives in Oglala, and

we get exposed to this uranium.

The old pit mine, my dad's house, which I

just slept in last night, the radon levels are

coming up from the basements. Independent

studies -- they are coming up from the basement

when it rains, the precipitation. We're already

at risk, and this is going to continue.

So what I'm going to say is this: Our

Oglala people came here, and you're detaching us


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from that. We can't ever come back here.

Here we go, she cut me off. But I want to

offer my water to you, and tell you this: That

we got this water over here in Hot Springs.

They call it kidney water, and it comes right

from this aquifer, Inyan Kara, and this is

sought-after water. It's healing water. And

this is the same water these guys here want to

contaminate and claim.

You know, and we learned a lot from Crow

Butte. They won't clean up their -- out of the

their area of mining site, and neither will you.


Ms. Stands.

Judy Schumacher.

JUDY SCHUMACHER: I didn't know my number

was going to come up so quick.

I'm Judy Schumacher. I live down in Provo,

South Dakota. I don't agree with this mining.

I don't want it. It's dangerous at best. I

grew up in Buffalo, South Dakota, and back in

the -- I'm going to say late '50s to -- probably

into the late '60s, maybe early '70s, they did

some uranium mining up there.

And they left these little divots in the


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ground where they dug, and these little divots

collect water. Well, in dry years, when these

little divots do get a little bit of water in

them and the cows drink out of them and the

sheep drink out of them, they get -- black cows

will turn white, sheep lose their wool. They

are down to their skin, get sunburned.

My husbands and I lived for quite some time

in eastern South Dakota in a little town called

Brandon. Well, it's not so little anymore. But

anyway, they had a nuclear power plant right on

the edge of the Sioux River.

When they turned it on, they turned it off

immediately because it melted down. There still

are no trees growing there. There is no grass

growing there. The river is polluted. There

were a lot of people just south of where that

power plant was who died from cancer.

My daughter was born there, and we lived

there for three years until she was three. When

she was 22 years old, she had to have a

hysterectomy because she had cancer.

My father-in-law worked in this mill that

was over here. He died from pancreatic cancer.

Soft tissue cancer is caused by radioactivity.


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If you get too many X-rays, you will die from

soft tissue cancer.

Now, who's going to buy this uranium you're

wanting to dig up? What's going to happen to

it? What's going to happen with these sediment

ponds when they dry up? Are -- you know, is it

still going to be able to rain in them and get

all of that uranium active again?

What about other people's wastewater, is it

going to be allowed to be dumped down the holes?

Nobody is answering these questions. Nobody can

answer them.

It's just -- it's scary. I've seen way too

much. And yeah, I'm emotional. I have a right

to be emotional. Thank you.


Ms. Schumacher.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: We're moms, too.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Janie

Stein.

JANIE STEIN: Good afternoon.

Nuclear energy is not carbon-free. Remember

that these regulations are only as safe as the

people that are using the regulations and doing

them well and doing them perfectly.


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AUDIENCE MEMBER: Amen.

JANIE STEIN: The science in the 1950s told

us that uranium mining, the way they did it then

was safe. Let's talk to the Dine people about

that.

Let's talk to the original people of the

land about justice and environmental justice.

Let's see what they have to say about it.

We've been hearing testimony the last few

days. I've sure learned a lot. And we've heard

from many experts, the facts and figures and

statistics about why this is a bad idea to

continue this project, the Dewey-Burdock uranium

project.

We have just begun to hear about treaty

rights, and I've just begun learning about

treaty rights and all the issues that are

connected with them.

My husband and I are learning about a lot of

different connections with all of these issues.

And as a matter of fact, all waters are

connected, and we are all downstream when it

comes right down to it. So this is everybody's

issue.

Treaties between nations are the highest


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laws of the land. Treaties are still in place

which ensure that the Black Hills are the lands

of the Lakota people. They should be consulted,

and they are the ones to approve the cultural,

archaeological, and religious surveys that take

place, and they should have the final say about

what goes on here.

When I was at Standing Rock, I saw firsthand

the blatant racism and brutality that gave rise

to the genocide of the first people of this

land. This attitude continues in our country

today and is evidenced by this project, which is

attempting to force a dangerous and unnecessary

threat to our land and water, forcing this upon

we, the many people who do not want it. This

project will benefit only a few who will profit

in money, but risk the loss of their souls. We

are all downstream.

To reiterate, this is Lakota land. The

United States government should honor the

treaties with them. This project should not go

forward at all unless and until the old mines

have been cleaned and tribal-approved cultural,

religious, and archaeological surveys take

place, and true, genuine consultation with the


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tribes happens.

For the sake of the land, for the sake of

the water, to maintain the integrity of the

Environmental Protection Agency, for your own

and our own personal humanity, for the sake of

your children, our children, future generations,

I urge you to do everything in your power or

influence to shut this project down immediately.

And my T-shirt reminds us all today that

only we can resist fascist liars. Let's

remember that in the coming days.



Ms. Stein.

Sylvana Flute.

SYLVANA FLUTE: (Speaking in indigenous

language.)

Good afternoon. I greet all of you with a

good heart. I am Sylvana Flute of the Sisseton

Wahpeton Oyate from northeast South Dakota.

These are my nephews. We are members of the

Oceti Sakowin, Seven Council Fires of the

Dakota, Lakota, and Nakota Nation.

I walk in both worlds as a Dakota with a

drop of a wasichu French blood. I am an


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indigenous person of North America. I am a

human being. I am a mother, a grandmother, and

a life-giver.

I come to help protect all our future

generations. I come to remind you there is no

such thing as a safe uranium system. Think or

research Fukushima, Japan that continues to leak

radiation into our earth's ocean, contaminating

and killing living creatures in the ocean, and

it's spreading this way.

I also come before you as an endometrial

cancer survivor, a very rare cancer, a new

cancer that is not hereditary. And I actually

had to go to Mayo Clinic for radiation,

chemotherapy to kill the cancer. I have to get

it cut out every time there is a tumor. And

I've had four major surgeries to remove the

tumor and any cancer margins.

We must think of our children. We must also

protect those who are never given a choice, the

wildlife and living creatures in the water.

Uranium causes cancer. When the uranium leaks

into the water, you will have no drinkable water

here. Cancer rates and death rates will

increase.


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I am against the uranium mining and waste

disposal. We all -- we all that come from

Sisseton Wahpeton are against it. We come here

to support all our people. I want all our

children to have a future, to be with your loved

ones. And think about what's going on here

because our children are our future. And

without that water, what future will they have?


Ms. Flute.

Abrey Flute.

ABREY FLUTE: (Speaking in indigenous

language.)

My name is Abrey Flute. My traditional name

is Hiha Sila, Owl Boy. And I think out of all

the Native Americans here, I'm probably the most

colonized maybe.

But you know, we had a voice from the future

come up here, and it was that young man right

there, you know. He showed us that he's

fighting for his future in this, you know,

county, in this town.

You know, he's a warrior, an akicita, in my

book. For him to come up here and say the

things he said, you know, it moved me, you know.


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And it showed me that, you know, this is a right

fight to fight for.

And I would like to also say that I'm pretty

sure, you know, you guys aren't bad people, you

know. We're all human. We all bleed, and we

all, you know, need essential things, like

water, food, and certain things.

I'm pretty sure that this is a tough job to

come up here and do, but I would like to say

that, you know, I answered the call to Standing

Rock and stood with my people there. I answered

the call here and stood with everybody here.

And I just wanted to say that oil and

uranium should not be coming out of the ground.

Mother Earth did not ask for this. You know,

you can come up with any scientific thing. You

can come up here with papers and say, you know,

the facts, you know, things that have come up.

But the future is created by those that are

searching for the uncertain and that are

discovering the unknown. And go ahead and put

down, you know, this uranium project, but who's

to say that, you know, the people who are

willing to govern it and oversee it will be here

in 15 years, 20 years when young men like him


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have to fight for decisions that adults chose

for them and that they didn't choose themselves.

So, you know, I just want to say, just

wanted to say that and hau.


Waniya Locke.

WANIYA LOCKE: (Speaking in indigenous

language.)

I grew up on the Missouri River. I am from

Standing Rock. I have been a part of this

preliminary hearing, and I sat in some of rounds

like this before against NAGRPA.

I want to reaffirm that you guys are guests

within our home territory. We are Lakota-Dakota

people, and we should be able to address you in

our own language. So I ask respectfully that

you bring a Lakota-Dakota translator when you

come to our home.

I ask that you stand here with us and have

an honest, open ear because there's only 2.5

percent drinkable water.

I ask again that you have tribally approved

archaeologists, tribally approved surveyors, and

understand that we are fighting for the future,

and we should not be going up against our own


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government agencies to protect our future.

I also ask that you take into consideration

everything that has been happening within our

world. Hanford, Washington, is the same time as

during your hearings. That's direct evidence.

Crow Butte is direct evidence. This is within

our land, our territory, where we, me and my

people, have been here for thousands and

thousands of years.

And the EPA is supposed to protect the

environment. And I don't think it's right that

I have to stand up against the EPA granting

permits. I feel that you guys should stand with

the people. I feel that you should protect the

environment and the future that comes with this.

We as adults make these decisions, and I can

honestly say I go home every night to my

children, and I look at my children and say, I

stood up for you today.

I stood up for my daughter who is going to

carry my grandchildren. I stood up for her

daughter that's not even here yet, as a

matriarch, as the backbone.

Respect our sovereignty and recognize us as

human beings and understand that we have a say.


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Even if we did not grow up in Edgemont, this is

still our land.



Martha -- Marta Bates.

MARTIN BATES: Not Martha.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Sorry.

Martin. I apologize. I'll put my glasses on.

MARTIN BATES: You're not the first that's

called me Martha Bates. Martin Bates is my

name.

Thanks for having this hearing again and an

opportunity for us to be here. And I just want

to read this. I went out to the George S.

Mickelson Trailhead this morning. I looked

around down there for any acknowledgement of the

people that were here before, and I didn't see

anything on the sign.

So I looked online to see if there was

anything here, and I found a page that wasn't a

state page, it wasn't a South Dakota page. It

was a user of the trail that apparently built a

site.

And this person who likes trails,

Rails-to-Trails, and he's ridden the trail in


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its entirety. My wife and I rode part of it,

but we got tired by the time we got to the top

of that hill outside of Deadwood a few years

ago.

It said bicycling the length of the George

S. Mickelson Trail, it's easy to see why the

Black Hills remain sacred land to the Lakota

nation. He said Lakota nation, I understand

it's really Oceti Sakowin and some others.

Consider that. So I wanted to just remind you

of that.

I looked all over on the state page. And I

actually called the state coordinator, and she

called back while I was listening to other

testimony, so I will find out what she says

about that. But I think at least this state

is -- irrelevant to this, but at least the State

of South Dakota should acknowledge the people

that were here before.

Everything that they have starts with Custer

and Wild Bill somebody or other, and that's the

history. They act as though that's the

beginning of time here, and the railroad, of

course, is the beginning.

Well, I can't introduce myself in my


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original tongue. I don't even know the creation

story, the creation place that I came from.

Most of my blood is from Scotland area and what

used to be called Britain. I think I'm mostly

Brit, not sure because I don't have the history.

A couple thousand years ago, Christianity

started, and that's what this is here, symbols

and icons around here of Christianity. Only

2,000 or so years ago that began. That's an

Abrahamic religion. Judaism started about

1,000 years before that possibly, around there.

So we really don't have history.

I want to speak a little bit to the folks

from Caucasia. I say that lightly, the

Caucasians here. I want to say that our -- we

don't have that history. Perhaps we're a little

jealous of that, that we can't go back and find

our original place of origin. The people that

testified here can.

And our job now is to, as descendants of

these people, is to do whatever we can -- sorry.

I feel strongly about things, and this comes

up -- to allow us to protect their stories and

their history. And that's -- that's why I'm

here.


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There might be -- somebody told me, a Lakota

person actually told me that there might be a

good way for -- my wife and I were up at

Standing Rock, and we learned a lot. We heard

stories of this sort of thing everywhere, I mean

everywhere. They are trying to -- I won't talk

about those, but everywhere.

We've been traveling through the

Transwestern pipeline, we've ben traveling the

old flat, we've been traveling to the outside of

the -- the edge of the Grand Canyon, where they

are going to take uranium across the mainland

again and again. Put that out there.

So I keep hearing stories, so we went to

hear and to see them first place -- firsthand.

So we can't do it again. We shouldn't step on

the rights of other people who have acquired the

land, bought from whoever stole it during those

broken treaties. We can't do it. We can't do

that that way.

I say -- when I was in the Air Force, we

had -- it was that time of the sexual harassment

training that we had to do, and I was part of

the conducting of it. We had a saying: No

means no. If a person -- if a potential sexual


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partner says "no," it means no. And there's

real wisdom about that.

And so I say that if the people that hold

this land sacred say "no," "no" means no. "No"

means no. "No" means no.

(Audience chanting.)


Mr. Martin.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: Mni Wiconi.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Next if we

can Rube Tifft. Rube Tifft. Sorry I got that

wrong.

RUBE TIFFT: I was wondering what this is.

Okay. Okay. This is a test hole cap. This is

from the '40s and '50s and the '60s. In that

duration, when they dug a test hole, they dug a

foot down, and they set this in the hole, and

then they piled some dirt on it.

As you can see, this one had a couple little

holes poked in it so it wouldn't hold no water,

you know, but this was a test hole plug.

What I would like to bring to -- I was

raised on a ranch east of Sturgis 60 miles,

Township 7, Range 13. Well, in -- I was

probably 17 when my dad allowed them to dig


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three uranium test holes.

Well, the one was out on what we call the

hay field, which was 160 acres, and there was a

lake bed there that covered at least 40 acres,

grew some grass, ducks there. Growing up, I

mean, there was set water year-round.

Well, they dug a hole in the corner of it.

Well, the first thing that occurred was the

neighbor a mile north, he had a deep well, and

he was all pissed off because his water started

pumping up that mucky stuff from the test -- the

lake bed, and eventually ruined his well. And

he passed away bitter at my dad for allowing it

to happen.

Well, as the years went by, that 40 acres,

which there was an ancient Indian campground,

teepee rings, and it was known as an area where

they used to camp, because that water always

drifted, and it filled the dam, irrigation.

It went dry, turned into white soil, prairie

dogs took over, the dam started going dry. I

started digging dugouts to water the cows. The

grass didn't put up the hay.

Our house well was 30-foot deep. One of the

nicest wells you'd ever drink water out of. It


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started going -- getting lower and lower, so I

dug one 40 feet deep, but that didn't help much

because it was shallow water and, well,

eventually Bud Wenzel, which his actual name was

Walter Wenzel, he -- he passed away. The family

sold their place because they had no water on

it.

A few years later, Oscar Davidson, he was 5

miles east of where they dug that test hole, and

he was pumping up mucky water. Well, it just

drained that whole lake bed aquifer right down

into the deep water.

And well, you know, it wouldn't run the

amount of livestock that it ran when I was a

kid, and by '95, I give up my dream. Quit. And

I didn't have a big enough place to go on, and

the little place wasn't producing.

What scares me is these test holes sit open.

They are not filled. If they were filled, it

would be different. You start pressurizing it

up, water raises, down it goes into the deep

water, or maybe it comes up into the shallow

water. But you're going to have a problem.

Water courses are changed all the time.

Homestake changed a lot of water courses


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over the years. You talk to people that mined

in there, well, water courses are changed. It

might come up; it might go down. But it's going

to affect things.

In this area, you've got alkali, which is a

form of Epsom salts, selenium. And you got

layers. You go along the Cheyenne River, you'll

find 6-feet layers of pure -- pure stuff. Well,

you dig through that and water caves down in,

pretty soon water -- water gets contaminated

with that stuff.

And these open test holes are an issue. I

mean, the one that caved in, why, you could have

dumped a car in there before I left. That's in

the top. I mean, they went through a 60-foot

base in the ground that was full of water. So

down it went.

Well, all I'm saying is, all these open test

holes, I wrote President Trump a letter, and I

says, I bet you in ten years, if they do it,

I'll bet you a dollar that you can't drink

Hot Springs water. So I guess that's my

testimony. Thank you.


Mr. Tifft.


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Edward Starr.

EDWARD STARR: (Speaking in indigenous

language.)

I welcome everybody here that's here for the

EPA hearing. My name is Edward Starr. I live

in Oglala, and my grandfather has been here for

ages and ages. My grandfather, in that time

they had no need for any kind of money. Then

500 years ago, three boats came, and they

brought some people.

Along with that, they brought Christians,

and what followed them Christians was a person,

an anti-Christ. You know what an anti-Christ

is. They are the ones that killed a man named

Jesus Christ.

Now that -- and they -- and they brought the

power of the money, the anti-Christ, called it

capitalism.

I have a dollar bill that I wanted to show

you something. We all know, we all seen the

pyramid with the eye on top. That eye

represents anti-Christ, anti-Christ. And

there's 13 layers of rocks here. And those

represent the 13 Satanic families. And we've

got 13 stripes sitting up here.


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And if you look on the other side, it's a

military emblem. I was in the Army. My cap,

first class cap, I had a gold emblem on my head.

But on the right side of it, he's holding 13

arrows. On the other side is an olive branch

with 13 olives on it. And there's a shield

right in here, it's got 13 stripes.

And right above the head, there's a group of

stars. There's 13 of them. And the tail

feathers, there's 13 of them. That's what you

call capitalism. It has occupied the whole

Northern Hemisphere.

I went to boarding school, and they told me

I was going to be an intelligent, civilized

citizen. But I resisted all the way through. I

ran away several times from school because I

grew up traditionally. I preferred to stay in

my -- in that way.

But I realize today we are in a spiritual

war that started 500 years ago for us. Our

Lakota, Dakota, Nakota people and all the Native

Americans on Turtle Island that we are standing

on are in a spiritual war.

When that anti-Christ, this God's eye came,

he came with the money. And if you look on


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that -- they say he has a number 666 on his

head. So if you look at this, all of these,

anything you buy has that, the mark of the beast

on it.

Because if you look at a bar code, the

first -- there's two long lines in the middle,

but there's two more long lines, and at the end

there is another long line. And if you take

accounting Cobalt, you know that those are

sixes.

And so someday they are going to put those

codes on our skin. And there are 800 FEMA camps

that are across the nation, and the one for

South Dakota is right here, FEMA camp. And they

are building a -- equipping it with coffins that

can hold up to five bodies.

So if you refuse this mark under your skin,

you're going to be sent here, and you're going

to die here. And that's coming soon. So I just

wanted to say that.

I worked in Igloo, South Dakota back in '75.

And I got -- I don't know if that's where I got

cancer or if it's from the Slim Buttes area.

There was 37 holes, test holes there. And they

say capping is not -- just this cover right


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here, that's not capping.

Capping is between layers, like that picture

you had up here. They force cement between the

water and this other sediment, uranium, and

that's capping. That's what needs to happen.

If that doesn't work, that doesn't work,

what happened, the radon, radium will come up.

And it happened in the reservation. At that

18- -- oh, 1981. We had a sudden death of -

SIDS, a lot of babies were dying. The doctors

at Pine Ridge Hospital said those are something

in the air.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Mr. Starr,

your time is up, so I need you to wrap up,

please.

EDWARD STARR: Okay.

But the officials heard about it, heard the

doctors' statements, and they fired all of them.

They transferred them out.

But uranium isn't safe, never was and it

never will be. We have sacred sites all over

here, and all our relatives and ancestors, they

are buried all over the Black Hills. And we

don't want what happened in Japan, contaminating

the whole Pacific ocean now, and we don't want


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that to happen here.



Mr. Starr.

Charles Kelsey.

CHARLES KELSEY: As she said, my name is

Charles Kelsey. I live east of Edgemont. I

have a small horse training ranch there, and I

live near the Cheyenne River. I like to fish

there. I eat the fish from the Cheyenne River.

I am retired.

I retired after 35 years of doing radiation

protection. I've worked in several countries

and have worked in several states in the U.S.

doing radiation protection. In other words,

protecting people from radiation. I've done

that for 35 years. So I know a lot about it.

I've had a lot of experiences with it. I've

had experiences where there have been problems,

where technical failures, where there had been

human errors, and we've had to deal with some

problems. But we have, over time, dealt with

those problems.

And as I say, learned a lot about protecting

people from radiation. I've worked in several


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industries over the years, including the ISR

industry to protect people from radiation.

I've worked -- in that time, I've worked

with many regulators, such as these. I've

worked with professionals that have worked in

all these industries, and I have -- as I say,

I've seen a lot of examples of a lot of things

over time.

The one -- I have learned a few things about

radiation that are not obvious to a lot of

people. One thing I've learned is that no

matter where I go in this world, and I turn on a

radiation detector, the radiation clicks, it -

or, the detector clicks. Doesn't matter where I

am. That means there is radiation everywhere

all the time. There always has been and there

always will be.

I've also learned that no matter where I am,

if I take a sample and have it studied, there's

uranium. It doesn't matter where I am, it's

always there. And it always has been, so it's

just a fact of life.

I've also learned that if you look around

yourselves, start counting off, that if we're

typical of people in this country, you can -


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you can bet that one in five of us, no matter

where we live in this country, we're going to

die of cancer.

So when you hear of this person or that

person or the other person dying of cancer,

that's just the way it is in this country. One

in five people die of cancer.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: We never had cancer.

CHARLES KELSEY: Whatever the causes.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: We never did.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Please

don't interrupt.

CHARLES KELSEY: Those are just a few things

that I've learned in my experience in radiation

protection.

As I say, I'm retired, and my interest in

this community continues to be protecting people

from radiation. So I'm here to answer

questions, to work with people, to help with the

understanding of radiation.

And I am here to try to help ensure that

this operation, if it goes on, will be done with

the concern for people and to protect people

from radiation.

The one additional thing that I have learned


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in working with professionals like these is that

they really are looking out after our best

interest. And I truly believe that whatever

their decision is, that that decision will be

for our best interest. And I have learned that

through 35 years of working with professionals

like this.

So I'm willing to take their decision and

live with it and try to help people around here

live with it the best that they can. That's all

I have.


very much, Mr. Kelsey.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: Not in my area. Not in my

area.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Excuse me.

Excuse me. Please, excuse me. If you are going

to make those sorts of comments when people are

speaking, I'll have to ask you to leave. This

is an area where everyone needs to feel

comfortable speaking.

Next if we can have Kathleen Bailey.

KATHLEEN BAILEY: I have to make a

disclaimer. I'm from out of state, but no one

shipped me here. I drove up in a 1994 Toyota


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Corolla with my dog, and I'm staying at a

campsite. I just got in on Monday so I could be

at all of these. I'm here from -- so I can be

at all these meetings.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: Use the mic.

KATHLEEN BAILEY: I didn't want them to take

my time by doing that. I'm here from my passion

and heart. No one shipped me here. You

wouldn't hear me anyway if I was at the mic.

I don't have the eloquence or the knowledge

of the majority of the people that spoke today,

so I'll be repeating what I've said in the

last -- in the meetings, all the meetings I've

attended.

I, Kathleen F. Bailey from Englewood,

Colorado, stand here before you again to repeat

loudly and clearly that I oppose the proposed

aquifer exemption decision for the Dewey-Burdock

uranium in-situ recovery site located near

Edgemont, South Dakota under the authority of

the Safe Drinking Water Act and UIC program

regulations in connection with the Class III

area permit to exempt the uranium-bearing

portions of the Inyan Kara Groom aquifers.

The EPA has proven itself to have devolved


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into nothing more than a taxpayer $8 billion

dollar agency dedicated to supporting and

promoting exemptions for the very industries

that continue to cause massive environmental

contamination, the legacy of which is left to

the local residents for generations.

At issue, the portions of the Inyan Kara

aquifer the EPA proposes to exempt have

historically been used as a source of drinking

water, are currently used as a source of

drinking water, and can be a future source of

drinking water.

EPA's current Title 40 146.4 declares, "The

proposed aquifer exemption area must not be a

current or future source of drinking water using

the criteria at 40 CFR 146.4."

With this specific aquifer exemption

approval, they will set a precedent eliminating

that second part of protecting the future -

exempt an aquifer that could be used as a future

source of water. They will set a precedent to

eliminate that because they have not included it

with this exemption proposal.

And the evidence of the convoluted joint

efforts between EPA and Azarga/Powertech to meet


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the only consideration they want to continue

under their own 40 146.4. The current source of

drinking water was recorded in 11- -- on the

November 17, 2016 memorandum by Valois Shea, EPA

and Powertech worked cooperatively to manipulate

the status as "no current use" from the targeted

portions of an Inyan Kara group in order to

eliminate the current use protection.

Per the 11/17/16 EPA memorandum, currently

there are multiple wells drawing from the

targeted portions of the Inyan Kara group

aquifers that were historically and currently

used for both human and livestock consumption.

Many of these residences are currently

abandoned, and therefore the EPA and

Azarga/Powertech can say they are not currently

using the water. But at least one of the

residents continues to uses the well water, Well

16, from the targeted portion of the aquifer.

To create -- to create a "no current use"

status from which the EPA and Azarga/Powertech

are trying to base this aquifer exemption

proposal, Powertech promised to permanently

provide the resident with bottled water for

drinking if they agreed to let Powertech severe


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and seal off the waterline from their well to

their home.

The resident agreed, and the waterline from

the well to the home was severed and sealed.

However, Well 16 continued to be used for the

resident's livestock, which under South Dakota

law is still considered the same as a well -- as

well water used for human consumption, a fact

that the EPA at that time was willing to also

ignore.

This was sufficient back in November 2016

for the EPA to conclude. Based on CZA

calculations, the EPA has concluded that the

portions of the Inyan Kara aquifers proposed for

exemption do not currently serve as a source of

drinking water.

Per Valois Shea in one of the last meetings,

she informed me that since that November 16 -

November 17, 2016 memorandum, they corrected

themselves, and on March 6, 2017, to get around

the Well 16 issue, they simply removed two

wellfields within all of the wellfields that

they were going to be drilling from -- from out

of drilling target because they determined that

those particular two wellfields are what fed


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that Well 16. And yet, they're in the middle of

all the well -- in-situ welling that's going to

go on and will contaminate the entire area.

I publicly denounce this current effort by

the EPA, and I demand the EPA follow its own

laws and environmental protection mandate and

not approve this Inyan Kara aquifer group for

exemption because, in fact, this Inyan Kara

aquifer group is indeed a current and future

source of drinking water that requires and

mandates protection.

I wish to state two additional alarming

facts. What the EPA also won't tell you is that

uranium in-situ recovery mining has consistently

resulted in contamination. And per the U.S.

Geological Survey, to date there has been no

successful mitigation of the contamination

resulting from uranium in-situ recovery mining.

So the current status as a drinking water source

and a future drinking water source will be

permanently lost if this is approved.

What the EPA has also not disclosed is that

the Nuclear Regulatory Commission has approved

that the Class III underground injection

disposal wells approved for the uranium mining


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wastewater disposal will also be made available

for injection disposal for other radioactive

waste fluids from other sources, such as

municipal water treatment plants, well past when

the mining activities stop, which will be an

ongoing continuous source of income for

Azarga/Powertech.


Ms. Bailey, your five minutes is up.

KATHLEEN BAILEY: And I'm done. Thank you.


very much.

Isaiah Cox.

ISAIAH COX: I'm Isaiah Cox, and I didn't

think I'd be back here so soon. But anyway,

well -- I will -- for one, I want to, like, tell

everyone here to sign up to speak. You know,

even if you don't really have that much to say,

you should still sign up or write a comment.

There's a comment box over there.

But anyway, so you want to, like, mine

this -- mine it -- or mine the uranium. Sorry

if I sound weird. But anyway, if one person who

lives there, if they don't want it, I don't

think you should do it just because of that one


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person, mainly because it's their -- they live

there, too.

It's not just, like -- everyone is -- like,

everyone's voice should matter, sort of. That

one person, that should kind of change it to

where it -- you at least take that into

consideration, if you're not. And it's not even

our land. Well, it's not our land first, you

know.

So the people who had this land before we

came, they aren't -- they don't want this, you

know. So why are you trying to take this away

from them?

Thank you. And that is all.


Mark Brown.

MARK BROWN: Good afternoon. I'm Mark

Brown. I grew up in Edgemont. I recently got a

nuclear engineering degree, and I happen to be

in town for this thing.

So I don't really understand the opposition

to the water. You say you're going to poison

the water, but uranium is already in the ground,

it's already poisoning the water. Why do you

think there's radon in the basements? The alpha


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decay there -- uranium decays, and then it

decays into radon, and then it ultimately decays

and gives you cancer.

Why wouldn't it make more sense to get rid

of the uranium in the water already? You're

cleaning the water. It does not make any sense

to -- to do it. And it works. It works in

Uzbekistan. It works in Kazakhstan. It works

in Australia. It works in Wyoming. It works

around the world. It's a tested, tested method

of uranium -- removing uranium, so I don't

understand.

You say you don't poison the water. I lived

in Flint, Michigan. I have seen water being

poisoned. This is not it. This is cleaning the

water. You say it's like Fukushima or like

Chernobyl. I was in Chernobyl eight months ago.

It is nothing like that. Nothing at all. I do

not understand the opposition to this. It

doesn't make sense to me.

Thank you.


Mr. Brown.

So at this time, those are all of the folks

that have signed up to speak. Is there anyone


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else who would like to speak that has not?

Oh, excuse me. We have more cards. I

apologize.

Our next speaker, Will Leigh.

WILL LEIGH: (Speaking in indigenous

language.)

Hello, everybody. My name is Will Leigh,

and I'd like to read a letter from my Oyate.

We all use worldwide resources that our

earth has provided for her two-legged children

for centuries. Out of her love for us, we are

still here today. It is out of that love and

nature that I pray for your spirit to not become

stagnant, which has occurred over time of

ignoring history, our history.

We should utilize our past to stop burning

ourselves in the same fire, this representing

the choices we make to destroy our Grandmother

Earth, expecting different results to make what

was once created perfect for us a supposedly

better place.

For our brothers and sisters that have been

led astray from their bond with Grandmother

Earth by greed, let them be made aware of -

that that is a huge hunger that shall never be


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fulfilled. The emotion your spirit yearns for

is the connection every child should have with

their mother.

The biggest bandwagon to self-destruction is

greed, a conception that the more currency you

have will fill the emptiness that only Mother

Earth can make whole. Let your spiritual roots

grow. Spiritual connection with Grandmother

Earth is true happiness, and we will not allow

this to happen to our communities any longer.

Do not mistake our kindness as indigenous

people as a weakness among a misunderstood

nation. We will not be easily pushed aside time

after time. I stand before you today not only

for the people standing along beside me, but for

your children, for what you have sold out for.

Through my -- though my humble spirit

instilled in me through my connection with the

earth, I pray persistently for every one among

us that we may remove the veil from our

spiritual consciousness and that Grandmother

Earth forgive our naive curiosity derived from

the discerning spread of greed.

The ways of our ancestors to forage

consistently without depleting our precious


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resources are either chosen to be forgotten or

stomped out. What is happening now here with

the mine is just one of the many events of a

bigger picture that will be another little

expression of cause and effects.

We will soon no longer exist if we do

nothing. If we fail to compromise, the entity

that plagues our lands with chaos will spread.

Where are the men hiding, in their planning

rooms? They send out others, others that are

programmed with paper printed, and the faces of

people that are derived from all people. For

that is afflicted by any decision that is made

by the government for mankind.

That's from my Oyate.



Mr. Leigh.

Andrew Blanchflower.

ANDREW BLANCHFLOWER: Hello, everyone.

Thanks for the indigenous people of this place

for patience here and continued welcome and

support that I feel here.

Mostly that's why I'm here, is to stand in

support of that. I saw you guys in Valentine,


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and kind of good to see familiar faces. You

guys, like, must really know each other by now.

But I notice that you guys are getting paid,

and we're not. Like, I'm not getting paid, but

you're getting paid.

So I'm -- so I'm questioning, like, people,

like, why oppose it? But I'm kind of, like, why

do -- I don't know why anyone is strongly

supporting this. I don't know how it benefits

anyone. The best is we get all these people to

come up from the industry. They are all from

the industry. Some way or another, they are all

or have been or are getting paid to be here.

I don't know where all the guys in cowboy

hats went, but they were all kind of sneering

and stuff like that. But I don't know. It kind

of becomes this partly political thing rather

than what is the right thing to do here as

human-being people.

Like this false dichotomy between science

and emotion. Like science -- if you look at the

word "science," it says the observation of the

natural world. We are the natural world.

That's what science is. So science has been

co-opted and trampled into representing


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corporate interests. So what I'm seeing here is

corporate interest.

I know, EPA, whatever you want to call

yourself, you are probably really good people.

You have children, families, homes and that to

go to. You're not really the people to rant at.

We can never get close to those people.

But you can tell your people that there is

resistance to this, and there is going to

continue to be resistance to not just this, but

the corporate -- corporate corpse that is taking

away life from all of us. It's sucking life out

of us.

The relative that spoke about money, the

system is of control. Money is the system of

control. You know, would you be here if you

weren't getting paid? Question your life if

that is the case.

If that is the case that you would not be

here, you are now enslaved. You are doing

something against your will. As you write all

this down, as you write all this down, stir

up -- do a really good job.

So mostly, I just want to say that, really.

I don't know why to be strongly for getting


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uranium out of the ground other than to give

profit to a corporation, the corporation of the

United States, the corporation of whatever it's

called, Azarga or whatever it's called.

So yeah, the best -- the best I can hear is

it's not that bad for you from the people from

the industry. Oh, uranium, it's not that bad

for you. You know, we're -- you're going to die

of cancer. The water is contaminated anyway.

It's like -- so I don't know why that is

enough for this project to continue. I don't

know why the premise is that the people who

aren't getting paid have to come here and say

stop. I don't know why it isn't the other way

around. I don't know why the corporation isn't

coming to the people and asking, is it -- does

this make any sense? Can we do this?

So maybe -- maybe -- I was at Standing Rock.

I'm English. This is a global issue. There are

some local people here. I want to respect local

settlers who own title to land. You don't own

land. We all know you don't own land.

But these -- it's a global issue. It's a

local issue. It's uranium. It's not a local -

uranium isn't local. It affects the whole


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world.

I'm English, and I -- my children, my wife

are American. We currently live with the -- on

the Sicangu Rosebud over there. That's where

we're residing at the moment. But -- yeah,

mostly I just wanted to say that.

In which reality would we prefer to live in,

one where people come out of the goodness of

their heart or one where there are paid. People

paid -- obviously paid by corporations to sneer

and deride people for having an emotional

response to something that is actually quite an

emotional issue.

So yeah, just mostly that. There will be

resistance. There is resistance. Expect that.

And we'll see what happens, I guess. If you -

if you, your bosses, the people who pay you and

enslave you decide to go ahead and grant the

permits. So I request that you don't grant the

permits.

Maybe I will request that you grant them so

that we can, like, get on with this and get rid

of the corporations and -- no. Formally, I'm

requesting that you do not grant the permits.

And that they better watch out, seriously.


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All right. Thank you.


Robert White Mountain.

ROBERT WHITE MOUNTAIN: Good afternoon. I

was going to introduce myself in my language,

but I think it's -- I will skip that because it

takes too long. I want to save my time so I can

talk. Last time I got cut off.

My name is Robert White Mountain. I'm

Hunkpapa Lakota from Standing Rock. And I'm

just here trying to understand both sides

because I was taught that. I'm a fair person,

so I have to look at both sides. And I have.

You know, I've not an expert in all this,

but I've been working on this for quite a while.

My first experience with this was 36 years ago

right up here, right up the road where they were

trying to destroy some very sacred sites that

our people have.

And that's really important, not only for

our people, because it also is important for

everybody, to protect these sacred sites,

because it explains life as we know it here on

earth. And if we destroy these, you know, it's

like we are -- you know, we're lost.


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You know, our Lakota people and our

indigenous people, we have records that go back

millions of years. Millions. Not thousands,

not hundreds, billions. We understand this land

for billions and billions of years since we were

put here, since we came here. So it's not

something that we are not familiar with.

We are -- we've been here, we always will

be, and that's just the way it is. And now we

see that, you know, since the last 500 years,

our guests have come over here.

You know, I think there's a lot of

disrespect from our guests. Because you would

think you would come over here and you own this

land, but you don't. Because if you really look

at it, the government has been in a position

where nobody ever owns the land. As long as you

keep paying your taxes, you can live on it.

But you never will own it because it's under

a parliamentary system. So then we go back to

all that. Anyway, that's a long story. So

basically, nobody will ever own this land

because of the way it's set up.

So if you say, I have these 140 acres. If

you don't pay the taxes on that 140 acres, it's


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not yours. It goes to the next guy. That's

just the way it is.

So we all have to live here. I look at all

of this, you know. It was -- I look at this

town, you know. I was driving around this town,

and I heard a gentleman say there was uranium

mining here for 29 years. And, you know, I was

like, Okay. I look around, you know. Mining

towns, they're usually -- you know, when there's

a mining town, it grows.

I mean, a town will grow and grow and grow

until finally it busts. The mine will close

down, and slowly it dies out. That's just the

record of everything -- all over, all over, all

over the land here.

You know, so -- you know, it's like you had

29 years of mining here, but this town is so

tiny. There's nothing here. Why -- where is

the growth? So where is the -- where is the

lucrative point in mining?

So then you think back through the basics of

human beings, who are we? We are all human

beings. I'm a Hunkpapa Lakota, but I'm still

the same as you. I still have the same red -

same blood. I still have lungs and a heart and


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everything else as you. I'm no different.

But I look out for my kids. I look out.

I'm a father, I'm a grandfather, I'm a

great-grandfather. I have great-grandkids.

I look out for these kids because I also -

you know, I don't really care for what happened

in the last 500 years. But it's the relatives

that -- you guys are all here. And you guys

aren't going to go. You should go home, but you

ain't going. So we've got to leave here, you

know. We have to live together.

But we can't live together if we're

poisoning each other. No matter how safe

science says it is, there is no proof of how to

fix this, clean this water up. No proof. No

track record at all.

And we're still going to take this risk for

our kids, the kids standing in the back? You're

going to have kids, you know. Why take the risk

when you have so many alternative energies?

I heard one gentleman say, you cut down wind

because it kills birds. Well, that's been

fixed, too. They made them bigger and slower so

they don't kill birds. You know, solar, well,

it's got so cheap everybody can afford solar.


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There's so much power in the sun that will

power everything for 36-, 40,000 years. Okay.

You got those two things down. You can find out

about those.

What about magnetic? We have -- we have,

you know -- we have a gravity pull that's so

much magnetic power in this earth that's

untapped. And it's very safe. All these other,

the geothermal, all these different kinds of

alternative energies that we have at our

disposal that Mother Earth has created that's

brought for us to live, to enjoy. We don't need

to go underneath the ground.

You know, I look at the Bible, and I see

this thing called the forbidden fruit. And it

says that Adam went over there, and he grabbed

that fruit, and he ate it. It could be

anything. To me, the forbidden fruit is what's

underneath the ground.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Mr. White

Mountain, your time is up.

ROBERT WHITE MOUNTAIN: You can't touch it.

It's all good. I knew you'd cut me off.

So the forbidden fruit is what we have

underneath the ground.


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There's two worlds here. We have the

underworld and we have the above world. We have

two worlds that we live in. We live in both.

Maybe some of you guys don't know how you

live in both, but we do. But we do. And so we

have to protect that underneath as much as we

can because it's going to affect above, too.

Thank you.


Mr. White Mountain.

It is a little after 5:00, so we will be

breaking until 6:00. We'll return then and take

more testimony. Thank you.

We'll go off the record at this point.

(A recess was taken from

5:03 p.m. to 6:05 p.m.)

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Good

evening, everyone. We're going to get started,

so if you want to take your seats. My name is

Elyana Sutin, and I'm the Regional Judicial

Officer for the Environmental Protection Agency

in Denver, Colorado.

We're not going to go through the formal

remarks this evening. I think most folks who

were here this afternoon heard the remarks. But


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I will just walk through briefly what the

process is for speaking this evening so that if

you were not here and are interested in

providing testimony, you know what we're doing.

So I will just read briefly what we're here

for. On March 6, 2017, EPA issued two draft

Underground Injection Control, or UIC, area

permits to Powertech USA, Inc. for injection

activities related to uranium recovery near

Edgemont, South Dakota.

The draft permits include a UIC Class III

area permit for injection wells for the in-situ

recovery of uranium, and a UIC Class V area

permit for deep injection wells for disposal of

treated in-situ recovery process waste fluids.


exemption approval in connection with the draft

UIC Class III area permit.

We are here today to listen to your comments

on these area permits and aquifer exemption. We

will take testimony from 6:00 to 8:00 p.m. I

will call speakers to the microphone who have

filled out a card at the registration table.

When it is your turn to speak, please state your

name before you begin your testimony.


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We will allow people five minutes to speak.

After four minutes, you, will see a yellow

triangle that shows you have one minute left,

and then at five minutes the red stop sign will

go up, and I will let you know that you need to

complete your testimony.

We ask that you be succinct and stay on

point. If I find that the testimony is straying

from the topic at hand, I will ask you to return

to the issue before us.

If we have time, if everyone has had the

opportunity to speak who has not spoken, you are

able to come back up and finish your testimony

if you had more to say.

After finishing your testimony, members of

the panel may ask clarifying questions, but we

are not here to explain the proposal nor are we

here to answer questions during the hearing. We

are recording the hearing tonight, so be assured

your comments will be considered.

The court reporter sitting to my left will

be preparing a transcript of the proceeding and

it will be available to anyone who wants to see

it.

The transcript is part of the record, and it


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will be included in the docket for this matter.

The docket is all of the collected materials EPA

has used to consider its action, including

public comments. The docket is available on the

internet for your review or you can see a hard

copy at EPA's Denver office.

If you have written copies of your

testimony, please give a copy to our staff. You

can provide it to me or at the registration

table. That will be helpful in preparing the

transcript. If you have other written comments

or documentation that you would like to provide,

you can also leave that with us and we will make

sure that it gets in to the docket.

You can -- after tonight, you can submit

written comments. The comment period will go

for another week until May 19th, so you -- we

encourage and you are welcome to submit written

comments after these hearings are over.

Once the final permits are issued and the

aquifer exemption determination has been made,

anyone who participated in these hearings,

either through oral testimony or written

comments, has the right to appeal the Agency's

final decision to the Environmental Appeals


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Board.

So with that, we will get started with

testimony. First speaker, Linda Tidball.

LINDA TIDBALL: My name is Linda Tidball,

and I have taught here in the Edgemont school

system for 25 years now.

I moved to the Dewey area when I was five

months old, and so I grew up in Dewey on a

ranch, and I'm actually the fifth generation of

rancher. And I would consider my relatives to

be good stewards of the land. Ranchers are not

very successful if they don't have water and do

not take good care of the land.

I totally support this project. I have been

to numerous presentations on how it works. I

listened to engineers and people who are

educated in this deal, and trust that they, too,

know the science and would not want to

contaminate our water.

There was some misconception that all of us

standing back there were paid by the

corporation. I think there were two people here

that are paid by corporations. So the rest of

us were totally community members volunteering.

I also enjoy natural resources. I didn't


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see any horses or bicycles out there today. So

I'm assuming everyone used oil products to get

here. I do that, too. And I'm so glad that

technology has brought us as far as it has so

that we are able to use natural resources.

And I know previously some of the uranium

mining had spills and mishaps and it wasn't as

safe as it is. But many, many things in our

lives are different because of advanced

technology and education.

And I was fortunate to go to the School of

Mines on Monday for the math contest. I got to

take a group of our wonderful kids from our

area, and it was interesting visiting with math

and science teachers.

And they were questioning why, why would

people be opposed to that. In-situ is one of

the safest mining processes there are. And I

was sitting with engineers who have been

educated on this process.

And so I am in total favor. I've lived

here, with the exception of the time I went off

to college. I wanted to come back and raise my

kids here, my grandkids. So I want it on the

record that I totally support this project.


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Ms. Tidball.

Mary Helen Pederson.

MARY HELEN PEDERSON: My name is Mary Helen

Pederson. I do not live in Edgemont anymore,

but 61 years ago I came over here from the

Rosebud to go to school at the high school here.

I lasted one semester.

Because when I come over here, I thought, I

got to wondering, What in the world is going on

here? What's wrong with this sky? It's not

clear. It's -- it's -- I don't know.

And then I found out that there was uranium

all around here.

So I spent my lifetime checking out

on scientists and stuff that have studied

uranium, and I found out that one of the biggest

uses for uranium was to have -- to make bombs

and stuff with it, and what devastation they

could -- they could prove.

A person -- innocent people couldn't even

have a chance for life. They would be killed.

Actually, they would be melted in just a few

seconds. We proved that with the Japanese

people. I don't think we're any stronger than


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they are.

And then they had all this uranium. They

didn't quite know what to do with it. So they

thought they should put it to good use. They

come out with all kinds of advertisements, if

you used uranium on your skin, your skin will

just glow, and you will be beautiful. And

people bought that.

And there's movies out about it. There's -

like the movie about the girls that had to paint

the illuminous dials on watches and what

happened to them. There's all kinds of

scientists out there that prove what uranium

will do for you.

True, like some of the people talked about,

there's uranium, you know, all over the world.

But as long as Mother Earth has taken care of it

and it's down underneath, she knows how to take

care of it.

It's only when we have greedy people that

come along and want to dig it up and do all

these wonderful things with it and try to

convince all of us that this is the best thing

that ever happened to us in the world, then

Mother Earth gets a little mad and things kind


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of go off and, mistakes happen and leaks happen.

And the people around here that are

listening to these engineers out of the

engineering, mining college up there in

South Dakota, they evidently didn't go to really

check out the scientific information on uranium.

Because there's all kinds of websites out there

that you can go to and learn everything you want

to know.

There's pictures of what uranium does to

you. There's -- I have a friend right here,

didn't happen in Edgemont, but she's got 90

percent uranium in her body. She is going to

die from it, from uranium. You know, call it

cancer. You can call it all kinds of fancy

names that the doctors have made up for all this

stuff that goes wrong with the person.

But she has been contaminated with uranium

to 97 percent, and I know she's going to talk

later so she can talk more about that.

I took home -- yesterday I went to

Hot Springs. I took home all of your wonderful,

wonderful pamphlets there. I can pick every one

of them apart. Like the Class III area permit

does not allow the Inyan Kara aquifer outside


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the aquifer exemption boundary to be impacted by

any contaminates resulting from uranium

recovery.

How are you going to guarantee that? Are

you going to put your life on it? No. You

don't live here. You're only paid to come here

and tell us what you can do. You are the

Environmental Protection Agency. Do your job.

That's what you are set up to do is protect

all of us from the corporations coming in here,

raping us.

I could go on about the Superfund that Mark

Hollenbeck wouldn't let on the land so they

could declare it a Superfund. You've seen

pictures of those things. I know some have been

sent to you, those big dumps out there. And

that's where they want to start up again.

We had a big rain here in 2013, I believe it

was, or '14, that they got nine inches of rain

over there by Dewey-Burdock. What does it do?

It fills up those holding ponds.


Ms. Pederson, your time -

MARY HELEN PEDERSON: Well, I'm done. I can

go on and on on your literature alone. That's


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lies.


Ms. Pederson.

Sarah Peterson.

SARAH PETERSON: My name is Sarah Peterson,

and I'm going to finish how Mary Helen started

before I go back to what I was going to say.

Yes, there was a Superfund application for

the Diamond Mine at Dewey-Burdock. And two

people from the EPA, I'm not sure who they were,

came up and were thrown off the land.

They could not do the investigative work to

determine whether the Superfund cleanup was

needed.

They came back the next summer -- and I

don't understand how this works -- they got

thrown off again. This is the federal -- you're

a federal agency. And you have the federal

court behind you. Why didn't you come out with

the court order to get back on the land to

protect us and clean up the mess that was left?

You know, I -- I just think of the IRS. If

they knocked on my door, I couldn't say, Get out

of here. I would be put in jail and everything

taken away from me. I don't get this.


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I will start where I was going to start now.

Going back. It was in 2013, the first hearing

for the South -- the DENR, the South Dakota

Water Board was held on this issue. The Atlas

storm blizzard, the 150-year blizzard came and

people barely got -- most people didn't make it.

But the judges were all there, and I -

Somebody's testimony was talking about the

rancher that had their water disconnected. I

think I know who that was because he was out in

the hallway with Powertech signing the papers

right before he came in and commented. And he

said, Oh, yeah they are taking care of me. Oh,

they are giving me such a good deal. They're

going to bring me clean water.

And I also heard the young man who is the

nuclear scientist, the young nuclear scientist

that grew up here. He said this actually cleans

the water. Well, I was at another hearing, a

hearing down in Crow Butte, and they were

talking about restoring -- by the way, Crow

Butte operated for at least five years without a

permit because it had expired, and it took the

NRC -- they continued to operate it and it took

the NRC five years to get the hearing together


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to issue another permit.

I don't know, I was listening to all five

days of the testimony and the judges were asking

them about the water in this one aquifer that

was going to be cleaned up as soon as they were

done.

They talked about working on it and working

on it and they -- they said, We've done the best

we can. So they asked the NRC for an exemption

to that aquifer. That's all they have to do.

It's messed up. Well, then we'll just exempt it

from the Clean Water Act. And this is what I'm

hearing. I can see this is what's going to

happen here, too.

Mary Helen was talking about, this water

will not go past a certain point, the

contaminates. How can you do that? How can you

do that? The EPA says after in-situ leach

mining, the water can never be restored to

baseline. Never. That's what your Agency says.

And I have been to hearings, the NRC

hearings for this, and I'm scared because I see

what happens when -- there was a leak, this safe

in-situ leach process with all the detection

wells, there are 125 million gallons of -- of


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the toxic waste down at Crow Butte that leaked,

and none of their detection wells got it. And

it leaked. There was a pin hole in one of their

pipes. It leaked for years.

And this is what happens. And that kind of

stuff just never is brought out. It's always

exempted. They are called excursions because

the companies -- the EPA does come up here to

check things.

When Mark Hollenbeck was a representative

here, House Bill 154 took away the rights of the

State to regulate and do the water and gave it

to you. And you can't even get on the project

area.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Your time

is up, Ms. Peterson. Thank you.

Tim O'Connor. Tim O'Connor.

Okay. Hunter Hollenbeck.

HUNTER HOLLENBECK: My name is Hunter

Hollenbeck. My dad is Mark Hollenbeck. And

he's been the manager of Powertech since I was

two years old. Right now I'm 12 years old.

Besides working on this uranium project, my

dad is a certified organic rancher. Very close

to this project site.


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I love ranching. I try to help my dad with

it every chance I get. My long range plan is to

live and work off the ranch, too. However, I'm

going to need a job.

Do you think it'll be operating by the time

I'm out of college? If all goes well, that will

be about eight years from now.

The main reason I wanted to speak here today

is to let you know that not only do my parents,

my three sisters, and the ranch by

Dewey-Burdock, but so does my uncle, my grandma,

and my grandpa who used to live in Dewey until

my grandpa died a couple years ago, and now

Grandma lives in Edgemont. Also my aunt and her

family live in this area, and I know almost

everyone who ranches near us, and a good many

people in town.

My mom is a teacher in Edgemont, and she

knows that our school could use a few more

students. So I hope people with kids would get

some jobs here.

The main point I wanted to make is that my

dad would never take any risks with our water or

our land or environment or anything. Our family

and land is what makes it all happen.


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Over the years I've learned a lot about

in-situ mining process, and I know it would be

safe and our water will be fine. I want people

from other towns to learn more about it so that

they could quit trying to stop it and let it get

started.

That's it for now. I appreciate you letting

a teenager voice his strong opinion on this.

Thank you.


Mr. Hollenbeck.

Carl Shaw.

CARL SHAW: Good day to each of you. My

name is Carl Shaw. I am a former mayor of

Edgemont, South Dakota, the host community for

the Dewey-Burdock project.

With few exceptions, this community is

strongly in support of Powertech's proposed

in-situ uranium project. The Dewey-Burdock site

is about 13 miles northwest of our community,

and we expect that our schools, our

infrastructure, and our business will see the

benefits of this project.

Powertech has been a good corporate citizen

of Edgemont since they opened their office here


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two years ago. They have been very open with us

in explaining the project in detail.

We look forward to the economic activity

that it will bring to our small community. Over

the years we've had an awful lot of kids from

our area earn engineering and science degrees,

and then have to go elsewhere to find meaningful

work. Others have gone to Wyoming or North

Dakota to work in technical and service-oriented

jobs.

Personally, I look forward to having good

jobs nearby so that our young people can stay

here or return here to work and raise a family.

As an elected official, I take my office and

responsibilities very seriously. And I think

our city council did that when they passed this

resolution of support for the Dewey-Burdock

project. I have a copy of it right here.

Jim Turner was our mayor when this was

signed, but Jim has since passed away. So I

will do the honors of presenting this to you

with this copy of the resolution in support for

the Dewey-Burdock project, and ask that it be

included in the record of this hearing.

In conclusion, I want to emphasize my


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personal strong support for the Dewey-Burdock

project, and I hope you will finalize this

subject and commence quickly and without unduly

burdening the company. More than ten years is

more than enough time to get this project

started. Thank you.


JOHN PUTNAM: John Putnam.

I have an aversion to microphones, just so

you know.

Good evening. Thank you for the opportunity

to speak here today. My name is John Putnam,

and I'm from the heart of Dewey-Burdock. I live

and work on my ranch, which was homesteaded by

my great-grandfather about 120 years ago. I am

one of only two people that live inside the

boundaries of the mine permit area.

I am also a resident of Argentine Township.

Much of the Dewey-Burdock ISR project is located

in Argentine Township. And I just deposited the

resolution for the -- in the box over there. So

Argentine Township has signed a resolution in

support of the project.

We live and ranch there. Our families

depend on the groundwater for our livelihoods


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and our everyday life. If anyone's livelihood

or quality of life were at risk with this

project, it would be us.

I request that you rule on the side of

science and not emotion on these permits. Thank

you.


Mr. Putnam.

Eileen Ohliger.

EILEEN OHLIGER: Hello, my name is Eileen

Ohliger, and currently I'm residing in

Hot Springs, South Dakota. Previous to this

time I've sent in written comments to you guys,

and I would like you to just know that I don't

support this.

And the reason being, I'm originally from

New Jersey. And being from New Jersey and

seeing what has happened with the pollutants

with, like, Oyster Creek with the nuclear plant,

having friends at home currently that have

issues, that -- I have a friend that recent- -

that currently lives outside of where the plant

was, in what is considered a Superfund area that

has been cleaned up. His dogs go outside and

they still get blisters on their feet. There's


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loads of people that have cancers.

What I have seen coming from the east coast

and coming from an area where there -- they

supposedly, you know, the EPA come in and

cleaned up, I've seen oil spills, I've seen

things with the nuclear plant. I have -- I'm in

this area for a reason, because this is a very

clean, pristine -- and the water here is very

clean.

Coming from New Jersey, I also know that

companies, they do things for money. And right

now, I believe, for me personally, is that this

is very greed-driven. Because to me, yes, you

say about uranium and mining uranium, well, it

doesn't look to me that uranium -- and research

that I've done -- I worked for the public school

system for 25 years, back out east.

And I've done a lot of research and I've

done a lot of reading, and it doesn't seem to me

that the money for uranium is what it's about.

To me what my concern is is that Superfund

sites, what happens with all the contaminates,

everything that's going to be put into the

ground or put someplace else, and supposedly be

cleaned up.


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To me it seems more like an issue that is,

where -- where are they going to put this? And

what happens if an outside company comes in and

purchases, you know, money rights. Are we just

going to become a toxic dump here?

I'm not saying that New Jersey is a toxic

dump, but I'm from New Jersey for a couple

hundred years. And I have seen what has

happened with pollution, with big corporations.

With people being, in my opinion, greed-driven

for money, money, and not seeing what happens

afterwards.

Because a number of years later, there's

still things that happen, and there's still

effects on people and animals and plants and

everything. And it's my concern that out here,

if this does become like a Superfund site, a

place where people are going to allow other

countries -- if it's so safe, why are these

people not doing this where they live? Why are

they not doing this where they live?

Live where you live, drink the water that's

there, live in that area, and see. Because in

my lifetime, I have seen what has happened out

east, and seen what has happened in a lot of


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different, different ways.

And I've seen what's happened with water,

too. And to me, it's an issue with water.

Everyone needs water. Water is precious. Why

even take the chance? I -- I just don't -- I

just can't understand.

You know, coming from where I've come from

and then living in a such a beautiful area like

this with, you know, so many beautiful people

and surroundings and just everything is really,

you know, very well-cared for, why even consider

anything like this at all? Why even consider

this? For money, for monetary purposes? To

eventually become a toxic -- you know, a dump

area.

Things may have not happened now and people

are saying, okay, well, yes, it's clean, we

wouldn't want to do anything to hurt, you know,

our families and our relatives. You wouldn't

want -- nobody wants that to happen.

But in the long run, there is no proof that

this would be -- you know, if there is any

contamination, that this will be cleaned up,

this will be restored to its -- you, know, its

exact condition.


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And this is not just about us here. This

will spread out. This water is not just this

concentrated area here. This water supplies

many millions of people. Every little

tributary, every little thing is connected.

And I've seen what salt water does. They

say salt water, you can't drink salt water. You

can't drink brackish water either. Because

where I lived, there was fresh and salt water,

comes together, makes brackish water.

The animals, the fish get parasites. It

needs to be monitored for bacteria. There's a

tremendous amount of issues that would come

later on.

Yes, it might seem like it's okay now. But

like I said, in my lifetime and what I've seen,

I don't -- I don't think it's a good idea. I

think it's -- you know, it's a pretty -- it's a

bad idea. And I've already sent, you know, in

my comments and stuff previous for my entire

family.

Thank you, guys, for coming in to listen to

everyone, too. Thanks.


Miles Englebert.


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MILES ENGLEBERT: Hello. My name is Miles

Englebert, and I live and ranch on Dewey Road

with my family. I've been a part of that

community my whole life with going to preschool

and graduating from Edgemont two years ago.

My ranch is on the proposed Dewey-Burdock

site, and I support the Dewey-Burdock project.

My support may come as a great surprise to the

opponents who live in Rapid City, Nemo,

Pine Ridge, Hot Springs, and other areas.

In reality, they have very little at stake

except they will likely share the economic

benefits to the state and local region.

I've taken the opportunity to become

familiar with this project. And I am

comfortable with it proceeding on our property.

I'm saying this as a rancher who values water as

much or more than anyone, as water is imperative

to our way of life, to our very existence here.

I want to have the opportunity to come back

here and ranch. And if I thought this project

would jeopardize my chance of coming back and

ruining my family ranch in any way, I would not

have any support with this project at all.

It would be nice to get these permits


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finalized as quickly as possible without making

Powertech jump through a bunch of new hoops.

This has taken far too long.

And I look forward to having good jobs

nearby so myself and my brothers have the

opportunity to come back and ranch and work off

the ranch as well so we can live here. Thank

you.


Mr. Englebert.

Kathleen Jarvis.

KATHLEEN JARVIS: Hi, how are you? My name

is Kathleen Jarvis.


Ms. Jarvis, can you bring the mic down.

KATHLEEN JARVIS: Thank you. My name is

Kathleen Jarvis. I'm the former controller of

Custer State Park, former city finance officer

of Hermosa, I currently work in the oil and gas

industry.

The proposed Dewey-Burdock project ISL mine

near Edgemont, South Dakota Environmental Impact

Statement, the SEIS, fails to consider connected

actions.

Comment: My concerns regarding the


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Dewey-Burdock project are centered around the

problems of artesian flow and interactions with

the remediation of buried chemical warfare

material located at the Black Hills Army Depot

less than ten miles to the south.

Furthermore, Powertech's experts propose

land application areas on river terraces and

deep well injection into aquifers within the

project boundaries under the sanctions of EPA

permits to be exempted from the Safe Drinking

Water Acts, SDWA 1977 and 1986.

Surface water flow in channels is ephemeral,

except for perennial Beaver Creek. U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers permits under Section 404 of

the Clean Water Act, it will be required before

conducting work in jurisdictional wetlands.

The Dewey Burdock project will transmit the

applied and/or injected waste directly into the

area of the Beaver Creek watershed, within the

upper Cheyenne River watershed of the Cheyenne

River to flow eastward through the state of

South Dakota and into the Missouri River

affecting the entire Missouri River Basin.

Water quality: Other areas are dealing with

primary and secondary water quality issues. See


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the Southern Black Hills Water System Appraisal

Report.

For example, the town of Edgemont has

quality concerns with primary drinking water

standards relative to some categories of

radionuclides, example, alpha particles that can

result in increased risk of cancer.

Edgemont has shown a test of 17 milligrams

per liter on alpha particles and the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency limit is 15

milligrams per liter.

The problem of artesian flow: Artesian

springs act as a relief valve for the aquifers

and are an important mechanism in controlling

water levels in these aquifers. Spring flow of

many large artesian springs changes over slowly,

very slowly in response to long-term climatic

conditions.

Artesian spring flow could be diminished by

large scale well withdrawals near springs, thus

impacting surface water resources. Large scale

development of the aquifers has the potential to

influence the balance of the unique and dynamic

plumbing system in the Black Hills area that

controls interactions between groundwater levels


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and artesian spring flow.

Artesian flow occurs when there is a

hydraulic connection through faults or highly

permeable strata between groundwater sources

high in the landscape and the land surface lower

down. The weight of the water in overlying

strata exerts pressure downward into water

within the uranium-bearing strata, which can be

released as artesian waterflow like a fountain.

When topographically lower uranium-bearing

strata is exposed at the surface or where it is

punctured by drilling, artesian flow was

observed or restricted by Powertech in their

Dewey-Burdock project proposal, and was observed

directly at the Black Hills Army Depot less than

ten miles to the source -- excuse me, to the

south. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1992.

In order for artesian flow to occur at the

Black Hills Army Depot, the water must originate

topographically higher in the Black Hills and

pass through the Dewey-Burdock project area.

Were this to happen with oxidant-charged

lixiviate, contaminated groundwater would rust

any metal-contained ordnance and release the

contents into the environment.


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Concluding remarks: It is very likely that

the oxidants used to free the uranium will also

cause the destruction of underground storage

containers, i.e., buried chemical warfare

material located at the Black Hills Army Depot

less than ten miles to the south of the

Dewey-Burdock project area, and release their

contents into the area's ground and surface

waters.

This huge munitions depot handled thousands

of tons of chemical warfare agents such as

sarin, soman, toban, GB, and VX, plus mustard,

phosgene, and Lewisite.

References: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,

1992 preliminary assessment of ordnance

contamination at the former Black Hills Army

Depot, South Dakota.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1992, "Final

Archive Search Report, Preliminary Assessment of

Ordnance Contamination at the former Black Hills

Army Depot," South Dakota, Huntsville, Alabama.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2012, "Final

Work Plan for Black Hills Army Depo Remedial

Investigation and Feasibility Study."



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Ms. Jarvis, your time is up. I need you to wrap

up.

KATHLEEN JARVIS: Thank you.


very much.

Next if we can have Rowan, Isla, Tamarach,

Sea Usia.

Go ahead when you are ready.

ROWAN, ISLA, TAMARACH, SEA USIA

BLANCHFLOWER: (Singing in indigenous language.)



Next if we can have you Earl Tall, please.

That's a hard act to follow.

EARL TALL: I heard a lot of good things

from these young people today, our future

generations. I spoke a couple days ago in

Rapid City, and I talked about the Bible. And

we all know that this land is stolen land. This

land belongs to Lakota people. And we need to

be consulted if anything is going to happen on

this -- in these Black Hills.

I want to talk a little bit about the water.

Water. You guys heard, water is life. Mni

Wiconi. Water is more precious than gold or


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uranium or any -- whatever monetary value you

have. It's keeps everyone alive, including you

guys.

I talked at a NRC hearing a couple years ago

in Hot Springs. And I mentioned the United

States should implement this COOL, Country Of

Origin Labeling. Lakota people, we like our -

we like to eat meat, hamburgers, steak. And

with that Country Of Origin Labeling at least

we'll know where that meat is coming from. I'd

sure hate to eat a cow that comes from this area

with all the previous mines that are here.

This -- I was here just for the afternoon.

I have COPD, breathing difficulties. Just being

here in this atmosphere is getting me sick. You

guys might think it's -- you guys are safe here,

but you're not. Uranium doesn't discriminate.

And that's -- there's no -- there's no way

to clean our waters. No matter what kind of

scientific -- how many scientists or geologists,

whatever you -- they tell you that you could

purify this water, it's just BS.

Our -- when we've been here for thousands of

years, this place was pristine. In 500 years

since Columbus thought he was in India, 500


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years since then, you notice how this water, our

atmosphere, everything changes in just 500

years.

Our people were -- at one time there was

scalps, people paid for scalps for Indian

scalps. And smallpox, and blankets were given

to us with smallpox in it to get rid of us. Our

women and children were massacred, and yet we're

still here. We're not going nowhere.

A lot when -- a lot of you are gone and move

on, we'll still be here.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Mr. Tall,

your time is up, so I need you to wrap up,

please.

EARL TALL: Okay.


EARL TALL: Well, in wrapping up, I guess

I'd like to say the Black Hills are still not

for sale.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Is Tim

O'Connor here?

Next, can we have Alex Good Cane Milk.

ALEX GOOD CANE MILK: Hello, cousins. How's

it doing today?

All right, got to see some smiles. All


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right.

So, my name is Alex Good Cane Milk. I am

Yankton Sioux Hunkpapa, and I'm here to talk

about common sense. So there's pros and cons to

having common sense, you know.

Pro, that you have it. A con is that you

have to deal with those that don't have it. So

we'll just let that sink in for a little bit,

you know.

You're willing to let something, doesn't

matter what it is, destroy something that you're

trying to live off of. Why would you allow

uranium in your homes when you know it's going

to destroy the lands you live off of, the water

you drink, the animals you hunt, and the food,

the plants that you eat.

That's common sense to me. I don't know

about you guys, you know. And then yeah, think

about all the money, that's awesome. But how

long does that last? We all have money, big

stacks of it, but then we spend it, right? And

it's gone, you know. You always can make more

of it.

But you destroy this land, you can't make

more of it. You just can't. Proven fact.


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Common sense.

You know, so I just wish that you guys would

use your common sense. I realize what you are

doing. And don't be that person that messed it

up for everybody. We all know who that is.

Don't be that person. That's all I'm saying.

You guys have a good day.


Sophia Blackcloud.

SOPHIA BLACKCLOUD: Hello, again. I'm just

going to finish off where I left off before I

was stopped, so. Okay. So again, I was reading

out of literature that I thought was important

to my people and for the people of this town to

hear.

So it is time for -- it is time for us to

begin. It is time for our tired nation to stop

right where we are and look back, see where we

came from and where we are now and where we are

going on.

It is time to remember Sitting Bull and all

that he was and is to our people and to our way

of life. And it is time to talk with respect

within our nation.

We must demand it without compromise.


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Compromise comes once respect is obtained. In

1990 December 15th -- or, I'm sorry, in 2017,

December 15th will be exactly 127 years since

the murder of Chief Sitting Bull.

On that day the mourning of our Chief must

come to an end. December 15, 2017 let us gather

together as one people, as one nation, a nation

the Great Spirit chose out of all other Indian

nations to send us, his messenger, the sacred

White Buffalo Calf Pipe Woman, to bring us the

sacred pipe to worship him and to share with all

other nations.

On December 15th, let 100 drums gather. It

must be a time of celebration, of living, of

rebuilding and moving on. Our warriors will

sing a new song, a song of a new beginning, a

song of victory. Let our warriors sing clear

and loud, so the heartbeat of our people will be

heard by Sitting Bull and all of our ancestors

in a spirit world. And our two worlds will

become one again.

We are a whole new generation fully educated

and very capable of assuming control over our

own affairs, capable of doing business with the

U.S. and other countries with far greater effect


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than what is being done now.

We are a new generation capable of

rebuilding our nation. And this is the

direction we must move in and move together as

one. The direction we will move in is that of a

modern high-tech world, but in that world there

is nothing that we are not capable of

understanding.

In our new generation we now have people

educated in almost every kind of job skill that

exists. We must learn to use our education

towards rebuilding our nation and securing a

better future for our children. We now have the

knowledge of two ways of life. And we can

balance them equally.

Knowledge with wisdom, high-tech machinery,

with tradition, Indian businessmen listening to

their chiefs, and chiefs listening to Indian

businessmen.

Chief Sitting Bull lives in the spirit

world. We know this is true. We know also that

he would want us to live and rebuild so our

children can have good, happy lives and the old

people restful last years.

Many times Sitting Bull would ride around


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camp and sing messages to the people. Let us

send to our great Chief a new song to sing when

he rides around the people in the spirit world.

Look at our children, they are going to live

again. They are going to live again, Sitting

Bull says as he rides.

On December 15th, let us gather as one

nation to honor Chief Sitting Bull and the

warriors who stand by him. Let us together -

let us come together to honor his dreams, his

words of wisdom, his strength, his leadership.

Let us gather to celebrate his memory with

pride, commitment, and a new beginning and a new

direction. Let us come together as one and then

move together as one.

We are the Great Teton Lakota Nation. Let

the spirit of Sitting Bull leap with joy that

his people have been awakened.

Written by Warrior Who Comes Home Alone.

And so that's all that I wanted to read and

I'm done. I've gotten a chance. Thank you.

But then I had a couple of other things that

I wanted to bring up aside from speaking with my

people.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: You just


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have a minute, so yeah.

SOPHIA BLACKCLOUD: Okay. Well, I was -- I

went around the town and I tried to find ice.

So in doing that, certain people wanted to tell

me directions, others didn't. Mainly children

were happy to oblige, once again with just

kindness.

And so it seemed that everybody was afraid

to come here to speak or to have a voice in this

town. So it makes me wonder what is being

taught.

You said your wife was a teacher,

Mr. Hollenbeck. Your poor son. I'm sorry,

Mark, I feel for you. I really do. I really

do. You're not being taught the truth.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: You don't know what the

truth is.

SOPHIA BLACKCLOUD: You're not being taught

about other people's rights. About water.

You -- it just, it makes me afraid for the

future of the children that -


Ms. Blackcloud, I'd ask that you address your

comments to us and not to people in the crowd.

SOPHIA BLACKCLOUD: Okay. So then I wanted


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to know, your local dump right now, I guess

there's being drilling -- oil drilling done

here. And I want to know where that water and

whatnot is being dumped. Because I heard from

your local town that it's being dumped right

back into your dump.

It's not being disposed of properly. So

therefore, it's back in your water that you're

drinking. Your water jugs are not filled in the

back. The water we gave you, you're not

drinking.


Ms. Blackcloud, your time is up.

SOPHIA BLACKCLOUD: That's all I have to

say. Again, it feels more cold like, and it

just -- it doesn't feel -- if I owned half of a

town or mayored it, I'm sure that I'd have half

the town behind me as well.


Ms. -

SOPHIA BLACKCLOUD: Money doesn't rule

everything. Think with your heart.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Tasina

Smith.

TASINA SMITH: Hi, again. I spoke


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yesterday. My name is Tasina Sapa Win. That

means Black Shawl Woman in Lakota.

(Speaking in indigenous language.) Of the

Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation which is, you

know, running right through -- the Cheyenne

River, runs right through this town. This

beautiful, beautiful town.

So I'm back again to first say this: First

and foremost, this is completely illegal. The

Black Hills belong to the Lakota. You need to

recognize that right now, and foremost, before

we can go on with anymore permits.

We need to start recognizing our treaty,

recognizing our children's future. I mean, we

have people who, you know, are so ignorant of

the facts here. Really, ultimately, when I hear

from locals or from the opposite side, all they

can really come up with is money as a pro to

this permit being granted. That's really all it

is.

So when we have, like, all this statistics

showing and then also evidence of Crow Butte and

what happened there, and how the uranium mine is

still not cleared up, and you left a mess there,

where it's contaminating that water in the


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earth. I mean, you have the facts showing. So

the only other thing I can think of other than,

you know, ignorance or, you know, greed is

racism at its finest.

And for you to be the agency that is going

to either grant or deny this permit, you're

either granting or denying racism in your

country yet again, and inflicting genocide on

our people yet again.

Because when it leaks and it contaminates

this -- the aquifers underneath, it will go

right into the Cheyenne River, which then goes

into the Missouri River, which 20 million people

downstream rely or for drinking water, these are

facts we're looking at. Not opinions. We need

to go by facts.

Another fact, you know, 500 years my people

have been through attempted genocide. Where

this country has been built on the backs of

slaves and off the profits of indigenous

resources, on stolen land. Recognize this.

Understand it.

Do you have a conscience? Will you be able

to go home if you were to permit this and

actually look into your family's eyes and said


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you did something right?

It's scary. You guys literally have the

power of my child's future in your hand, and his

health and his well-being. You have that power,

not me, not any of these people in this room.

You do. Please make the right decision. You

know what's right.

We shouldn't even be coming to this and

having to voice this. We shouldn't. You

shouldn't have to hear what we have to say. You

should already know what's right. I mean, you'd

be a mass murderer. Would you be able to let

that rest on your conscience until the day you

die?

Please don't poison me. And most of all,

please don't poison my son. Please don't poison

those children that were just standing up here.

That took a lot of courage to sing you a song.

I know when I was that age, I didn't have that

strength and courage. But they get it.

Our children are the betterment of our

generation. They have -- they know more. They

get history, they have recent history with us.

They'll know all this. They'll find out.

Don't be that part of history where you're


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going to be the ones to blame. When we're all

contaminated, when we're all dying of cancer at

skyrocket rates. Don't be that. Be somebody

that we can actually trust. You're the

Environmental Protection Agency. Live up to

your damn name, please.

Because if you don't start respecting us,

not -- I'm not just talking about indigenous

people, I'm taking about everybody, every single

one of us, you are our relatives, too. We have

the same hearts, the same minds, the same lungs,

the same air we breathe, the same food we eat,

the same atmosphere we're exposed to.

We live in this world together. We need to

co-exist together. And find renewable energy,

and ways with renewable energy. Start funding

towards it. Because this addiction to uranium

and fossil fuels is killing you.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Ms. Smith,

your time is up.

TASINA SMITH: All of us. Respect us,

please. Or once again, expect more of us to

come. Thank you.


Kathleen Bailey.


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KATHLEEN BAILEY: Again, the profound truth

of the chronic abuse of the indigenous peoples.

I can't -- I'm here -- I -- I've already spoken

three times and presented all that I was capable

of presenting.

Right now, I apologize, but I want to throw

out some data response to some of what was said

by those from the industry.

I learned -- I had to learn about

radionuclides because of an issue that we had at

a simple water treatment plant, and the levels

of radionuclides that were ever increasing in

the byproducts, the sludge. And so I learned

all about it from EPA documents mostly.

And they list each of the radionuclides,

uranium, radium-226, -228, radon, gross alpha,

gross beta, and all the cancers that are

associated with chronic exposure for each of

those radionuclides.

There is a dose concentration. There's low

risk. Those are low risk radiation sources.

However, low risk does not mean zero risk, and

the risk that they were talking about is the

risk of developing these diseases.

They are called scol- -- and I cannot


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pronounce it. I don't even know if I spelled

it. I wasn't prepared to talk about this.

But again, it's from an EPA document,

stochastic effects from chronic exposure to low

dose radiation. And it is heartbreaking to hear

this sort of thing danced around as if it is

nothing.

And I heard this when this particular

municipality was continuing to say it's no more

radiation than that from living in a brick home.

The concentration when you are pulling out these

naturally occurring radioactive elements

changes. The exposure changes when you're

working with them.

Yellowcake is an intensified collection of

uranium. Uranium is pretty much the mother of

radium-226, -228, radon, gross alpha and gross

beta. And you are concentrating, you are

pulling it out from its natural form in doing

that.

Every time you have any radioactive element,

radionuclide in low dose, and that volume

changes through whatever the processing, water,

pulling out it out of the water, whatever, you

are creating a higher value in that Rem, the


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real Rem, that is calculated with the picocuries

per liter or picocuries per gram when dealing

with a soil or a sludge.

It's picocuries per gram if you're dealing

with water solution; it's picocuries per

liter -- I think that it's liter, and I

apologize, I forget. I wasn't prepared to talk

about this.

And then if you're going to identify the

Rem, which is the measurement of the radiation

dose that you are getting every year in that

exposure to that low dose radiation, it's called

millirem.

It's in -- it's in -- it's the measure of

the radiation equal to -- a Rem is a radiation

equal to X-ray, an equal level of X-ray. And it

does take a high level of Rem from radionuclides

to equal that.

But the result is health effects. And the

result is most often cancer. Not everyone in

the population will get it. More people are

more susceptible than others, that's why it's

called a low risk.

Those who are statistically calculated to be

susceptible to that are a small enough number


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that they are actually almost written off. But

when you are the person who has developed the

cancer because of your reaction to that chronic

exposure to that level of radiation, it is 100

percent risk.

So it should never be minimized, laughed at,

or talked about. It took almost a year to prove

the difference between living in a brick home

and being exposed to the sludge that this

particular municipality started storing in 2011,

'12, '13, '14, and '15 sludge at levels that

were so high, when they finally uncovered on

site where these people were working -- and this

is a water plant -- and the levels skyrocketed

in 2009.

And they started stockpiling when the state

finally stopped them from disposing in a

municipal treatment -- municipal landfills

because the radiation level went through the -

was so high. Or, not the radiation level, the

concentration of the radionuclides were so high.


Ms. Bailey, your time is up. I need you to wrap

up, please.

KATHLEEN BAILEY: Okay. So when they


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started stockpiling, a year later three people

got cancer at the site and two of their wives.

The following year, another person got cancer at

the site, in '13. He's one of the few still

surviving and fighting. And one -- another one

got it in 2015 and died. All on the same site.

And we get the same thing. You can't prove

that it's associated with the radiation from the

radionuclides. And it is -- it breaks my heart

to have otherwise intelligent, capable engineers

and workers and everything minimize -- and -

minimize a proven consequence of this level of

exposure, even at low dose. And I just had to

throw that out.


Ms. Bailey.

Isaiah Cox.

ISAIAH COX: Well, I'm Isaiah Cox. And I'm

here a third time. And I'm here because I

believe that we can save this land, you know.

And anyway, so, let's take the earth, you know,

as a paint, like a painted circle, but it's

filled with different kind of paints on the

inside. So it's pretty much beautiful.

And anyway, if you start taking the uranium


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out, and just fill it in with, like, black

paint, you know, it becomes less beautiful, as

you can tell because -- and, if you continue to

do this, eventually the whole circle will become

black. So that's one reason why you shouldn't

do this.

Also is that, when you really think about

it, water is money. I mean, think about it.

Because humans eat, like, animals and stuff and

vegetables. But the -- like, the vegetables and

the animals, they need water. So water is

pretty much the same as life.

And well, that life will feed other life,

and that life would end up being humans, and we

would -- and we created the money pretty much.

So in that case, water is money then. If you

try to continue to mine the uranium, water will

become money.

So one more thing is that, why would you try

to ruin such a beautiful place, you know?

That's something I don't get, because if you're

trying to -- like, if you're doing this for

money, all right, think about it, you don't -

well, money isn't the solution to everything.

So why would you do this if you can easily


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just get what you need by actually working for

it instead of doing something, like, the easy

way, you know? So.


Mr. Cox.

Kenneth Barker.

KENNETH BARKER: Thank you for this

opportunity to speak. My name is Kenneth

Barker. I didn't come prepared to speak. I've

been branding calves this afternoon, so I'm not

dressed for it, but I -- I just feel compelled

to let you know that if wasn't for uranium, I

wouldn't be here in Edgemont.

I've lived here for pretty close to 60 years

now. I'm 83 years old now. And also, I have

some land in -- down near Crow Butte mining at

Crawford, Nebraska, adjoins that. And the well

is okay, everything is good.

And I'd just ask you not to let this

emotional propaganda overpower our engineering

studies. Thank you.


Mr. Barker.

Don Matt.

DON MATT: Thank you. One young man here


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said we need some smiles. So I'm going to share

something that a tribal elder shared at a tribal

interpolicy meeting. He said, They tell me that

they called us Indians because Columbus was

looking for India. He said, I'm just really

thankful that Columbus was not looking for

Turkey.

After hearing some of the testimony here

today, I went home and I went to the internet,

and I've given the EPA a copy of this. I

believe you still have it.

This is from the Congressional Research

Service. And it's called: Indian Water Rights

Under the Winters Doctrine, An Overview. This

is an 11-page review, and I'm going to quote

from it.

Starting off in the summary, the first

paragraph says: Although the federal government

has authority to regulate water, it typically

defers to the states to allocate water resources

within the state.

The federal government maintains certain

federal water rights, though, which exist

separate from state law.

I'm going to repeat that: Separate from


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state law.

You as the EPA are the guardians of federal

water rights.

And this is from the Congressional Review:

In particular, Federal reserved water rights

often arise in questions of water allocation

related to federal lands, including Indian

reservations. Indian reserved water rights were

first recognized by the U.S. Supreme Court in

Winters versus United States in 1908.

Under the Winters Doctrine, when Congress

reserves land, i.e. for an Indian reservation,

Congress also reserves water sufficient to

fulfill the purpose of the reservation.

And I'm going to skip to page 5, to the

heart of the matter here. Paragraph heading,

Water Quality: Degradation of water quality

would undermine the water's use for reservation

purposes. Courts have recognized water quality

as another element of Indian reserved water

rights. Reserved water rights.

Federal courts -- federal courts have ruled

that reserved water rights holders can seek

legal protection from water quality degradation

by other water users. Specifically, in the


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United States versus Gila Valley Irrigation

District, the Ninth Court approved a District

Court's finding that a reserved water right was

impaired when other users' actions increased the

salinity of water used by a tribe for irrigation

of agricultural crops.

I spent two and a half years as a Native

American journalist for the Confederate, Salish,

and Kootenai tribes in Montana. And this I can

assure you, that as an EPA, this issue of water

rights, water quality, mining, it looks to me

like you're going to be facing this over and

over and over in your careers.

I would urge you to become acquainted with

this doctrine. I would urge you to defend and

protect water quality rights. And thank you.


Mr. Matt.

Tonia Stands.

TONIA STANDS: Hello. I'm Tonia Stands.

I'm from Oglala, South Dakota. And I just want

to put this sign up and let everybody look at

this. And it says: Crow Butte uranium is

evidence, is the proof of what can go wrong.

And we stand on this. Right now we live -


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the White River goes by the Crow Butte uranium

mine and, you know, we keep -- we keep -- we're

debating over scientific and -- you know,

yesterday in Hot Springs I got to speak and I

got cut off and -- but what I want to state is

this, is you know, our spirituality, you know,

when you think about the reality of our -- of

our -- of our genocide and surviving that in

many various forms that have -- that we have

endured, you know, you think about smallpox

blankets, you think about tuberculosis, you

know, the Spanish flu, you know, these are real,

real close to my heart because my grandmas

passed this collective knowledge, intellectual

knowledge, intellectual property, you know, and

that comes through us.

You know, and we collect this knowledge.

And what's in me is my grandmas and my grandpas.

We come from Oglala into Oelrichs, and Oglala

into Smithwick. Those are natural tracks for us

to gather our plants, our berries, our tipsila.

There's so many out there.

And when you think about, again, water is

life and how it puts back into those natural

elements. And we don't have that right. And


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we'll keep talking about religious freedom. You

know, 1978, we don't -- we don't have access to

our religious freedom.

They are -- they are governed by national

parks, and we can't just go and pray and, you

know, and do the things that we used to do here.

We can't do that. And right here where the

proposed site is, I mean, we don't want expose

too much, but it's not a checkerboard. You

remember that. It is not a checkerboard.

And you can't take it and say, Oh, this area

is sacred, this area is sacred, this area is

sacred. Well, I'm going to go and mine here and

here where it's not sacred. You know, they did

that at Crow Butte.

Oh, we know it's sacred, we know that. And

they didn't consult with us. Again, they went

to the state, the state preservation officer of

Nebraska. And don't detach yourself on that.

That is the Environmental Protection Agency.

Again, we keep reiterating that.

And how do you -- how do you have a program

in-situ leach recovery program with these

guidelines, and you're a federal agency, and

your -- your chain of command is higher than the


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state. And how are you not going to regulate or

look at Crow Butte?

And you know what, they -- I went to these

NRC hearings. And you know what they said in

there? They have a monitor system. Go back

through the record, they have a monitor system.

They have from the beginning, failures upon

failures. And I sat in that courtroom and they

said, For sure way that we have a monitor system

is the snow. The snow melts and let's us know

that we have a leak because our monitor systems

are failing.

And do they tell us that? No, they don't

tell us that. You know, we live down on the

reservation, and you have to really look at this

and they are sitting up right here in front of

our reservations.

They don't want us here. They want us gone

so they can keep profiting off our sacred Black

Hills. So they are on purposely doing this.

And my grandmas, they used to come and camp

here in the park. That was our campsite. They

detached us from that and sent us to the

reservations. And then when we -- we got a pass

to get off the reservation, we come back here to


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our home, we can't come back here.

They -- they have this land, land steal in

the Black Hills. So these guys, you know,

immigrants came in here, and all they had to do

was get a tool, a mining tool, strike it on the

ground, and there's a whole land area that

became theirs. That's how easy this land grab

in the Black Hills became.

You stole it. Our treaties, they confined

us to the reservations, took our rights. And

they were -- when we were off our reservation

area, you know, we had to get a pass. And they

would hunt us down. And each town, they have a

hang site where, if they caught an Indian, they

would take them up there and hang them.

Rapid City has a hangman's cliff.

And this is the reality. We can't come

here, you know. You're supposed to protect the

environment, you know. You have this in-situ

leach mining program, and it destroys our

aquifers.

And you remember those are in Lakota. Those

are in Lakota. Those -- those are -- the mining

operations that they want to operate in, those

are in Lakota.


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REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Your time

is up, Ms. Stands. Thank you.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Robert

White Mountain.

ROBERT WHITE MOUNTAIN: I'm back. Thank

you, EPA, for doing this hearing. I just wanted

to say a couple things. First of all, something

is kind of troubling. During the break here I

was outside, and I really didn't feel good

about -- we came here, you know, just to voice

our opinions.

And in return, we had some young men from

this town go by and say racial things to us.

Try to incite a riot, you know. It's like, why

is this turning racial? Why? We're all human

beings. It doesn't need to get racial. Doesn't

need to get violent. I just wanted to share

that.

And also, you know, I feel for this

community. And I realize that -- I've traveled

all over this country, and I see that, as I feel

for this community because you have no jobs, you

have no growth here, you know.

This -- there was a mine here for 29 years,

but this town didn't even grow. It was just


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like a little dead town, you know, really.

It's -- you're depending on this gold to come in

and revive this town.

There's like gazillions of towns all over

this United States that are in just the same

situation as this town. All kinds of towns that

are dying in this whole country. So I feel for

this community in that respect.

At the same time, I've been learning more

about this process. I talked with the manager,

Mr. Hollenbeck. I just met him, so I don't mean

to -- but he was explaining part of the stuff

there, you know, and he -- at the end he said,

It's a theory. It's a theory of how we're going

to be able to clean the water and be able to get

it back to its -- you know, at least drinkable

or usable. It's a theory.

So that kind of like, this doesn't sit good

with me, you know. Then I talked to a couple

local residents here, and they informed me, you

know, that -- how -- I was always wondering how

the Cheyenne River got poisoned to the point

where my relatives in Cheyenne River can't even

eat the fish. They come out two heads, three

heads, four heads, whatever. Why can't they eat


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the fish?

So I kind of -- I talked to a local resident

here, and he informed me, you know, that

there's -- okay. So, part of this process that

you say is safe, that might be possibly safe.

But the biggest thing, you know -- and everybody

is talking about the aquifers and all this.

That's important, you know.

And another thing that wasn't really talked

about too much today that I have noticed is the

waste. I was told that there's billions -- not

billions. But there's tons of waste right over

here, buried under some dirt, and nothing will

grow on top of that. It's all white.

So that was -- that was the -- the way that

they handle this waste, was just to make more

waste and to destroy more land here. So that's

like -- that's my concern.

Okay. Now, you're saying the process itself

might be a little bit safe, and you're still -

you know, it's a theory that could be safe.

It's not 100 percent. There's no 100 percent

guarantee that it's completely safe. I haven't

heard that yet.

And so then you've got all these tailings.


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You got all the leftovers from all this mining.

And that's poisoning. So I really had -- how is

it that Cheyenne River can't eat their fish?

Then I find out today why. I didn't really

know. I didn't understand why.

It's because where they are mining, this

mine here back in '60 to '89, they had a whole

bunch of tailings and a whole bunch of this dust

that was piled up there somewhere by the river.

And then the rains came and it pushed it out

into the river, and it poisoned all the way down

the river.

So it might -- it might not -- it may not

have poisoned here, but it poisoned everybody

down river. And that's something you guys have

to live with. This community has to live with

that.

You know, I'm not trying to give you any

kind of -- any kind of emotional dramatics or

any kind of emotional, you know, what do you

call it -- the other guy said, whatever,

propaganda, you know.

I'm just talking to you straight up.

Straight up. Man to man, person to person,

human to human. That's all. No propaganda.


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Not trying, to you know, to do anything. I'm

just trying to inform my opinion of what I

think. You know, whatever I feel, that's it.

No propaganda. That's all.

And I was here 36 years ago over here. I

kind of noticed, I went out -- we got surrounded

over here when we were trying to defend our

sacred site from what they did here, what they

mined here. We defended over there 36 years

ago.

That was in Craven Canyon, to defend some

great sacred writings here. I noticed that

there was a couple guys around here. Because we

got surrounded. You know, they surrounded us

and it was under siege. I remember that. All

we were doing was trying to protect. That's

all.

But anyway, that's a little -- I wanted to

finish that. But like I said, I feel for this

community, you know, because it's -- you know, I

look around, I see it. But you know, there's

also other ways to make money.

You could bring industry here, you can bring

alternative energy and create a plant here, some

sort of jobs. You could get all kinds more jobs


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than what you're go- -- what you're investing in

with this mine.

Because you're going to kill lots more

people that are down river because you -- you

have no way -- there's no way to -- EPA -- I

mean, I see all these tailings, all these open

mines, and all these open -- all these, whatever

you call these, test sites, boreholes. They are

not covered and they are dangerous. They are

still dangerous to the people.

It's like, we need to really clean those up.

You know, as EPA, as a person to person, we

really need to clean these up. It's very

important, you know, environmental protection,

protect the environment. And I really feel

that. So I thank you for your time. I know

you're going to cut me off, so.


At this time, those are all the folks that

have signed cards to speak. If there is anyone

in the audience who has not spoken yet today or

over the course of the last four days who would

like to get up and speak, please do so.

Have you signed a -- will you sign a card?

DOROTHY ROWLAND SUN BEAR: Yeah, I'll sign


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one.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Dorothy

Rowland Sun Bear.

DOROTHY ROWLAND SUN BEAR: Hello, everyone.

My name is Dorothy Rowland Sun Bear. I come

from Wounded Knee, South Dakota on the

Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. Concentration

Camp 344.

I oppose this uranium mine. America is

built on stolen land. They came and stole our

land here, and they are digging holes

everywhere. The Black Hills are like cheese

now. So full of holes. We need to stop.

Recognize our treaties and stop mining in

our Black Hills. Stop stealing our natural

resources. Leave it in the ground. Thank you.


AUDIENCE MEMBER: Excuse me. I'll be right

outside having lunch. We found a turtle out

here, and it's got a deformed face from your

waters.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: Would you like to see your

turtle? We found it out here sitting eating

lunch.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: We're going to take it to


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safer waters. Would never put it back in these

waters.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: Thank you.


Anyone else who would like to get up and speak

who has not spoken yet?

Carol Harding.

CAROL HARDING: I'm Carol Harding. I have

lived in Edgemont about maybe 43 years. I'm a

school teacher. I've been a teacher for

probably 30 years here in our system, and this

isn't typical of me at all. And thank God none

of my family is here.

So, but I came as a school teacher here. I

married a hometown boy, who has grown up here

and lived here all his life except for when he

went to college. And so we've made our home

here. We've raised three kids.

They are adults and they come home all the

time. They drink our water all the time. I

would never, ever advocate something that I felt

would harm my children or my grandchildren,

because now I have two precious babies. And

they come home to our house still.

And I'm passionate about where I live, and


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how I feel our community is. And it saddens me

when other people come from other places and put

down our community when they don't live here.

And I'm also very sad about whoever the

young people were that said racial slurs to you,

because that is not typical of the majority of

our kids. And I'm sorry that they did it.

I wish I knew who it was, because I'm also a

huge advocate for our kids here. But I'm

also -- I clomp on them pretty hard when they

don't respect adults or other nationalities or

whatever it is. There's no excuse for rudeness,

and I'm sorry. I apologize for them.

But anyways, I'm very happy to live here.

I'm very happy to raise my children here, and

now our grandchildren come. And I support the

project. I don't know a lot about it, that's

very true.

But I do know some of the people involved,

and I trust their judgment with the scientific

knowledge they have and who they have turned to

for evidence and the answers. Thank you.


Ms. Harding.

Anyone else in the audience who has not


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spoken who would like to?

(Pause.)

Is there anyone else who would like to

speak? I'll ask for those folks who have spoken

several times, your comments needs to be

addressed to us and not to the folks in the

audience. Okay. Thank you.

AUDIENCE MEMBER: Do it any ways.

WANIYA LOCKE: I, too, am an educator. I

have a bachelor's in Native American studies and

linguistics, and I also have a criminal justice

degree. And as an educator, I truly cannot look

at my students and honestly tell them that they

have a bright future when uranium mines, copper

mines, pipelines are coming in every single day.

I, too, am from South Dakota. I, too, grew

up in small-town communities. And we are

literally in the last stages. The environmental

fight has been going on since the '60s, and

we're still fighting it. We're still fighting

racism. We're still fighting social injustice

and social ailments.

And what it all boils down to is money. All

our social ailments boil down to money, and

corporations that have bought out our governing


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systems.

So I'm asking you guys to really listen to

the people that have come here with good hearts,

good words, and that actually have -- that

actually have a stake in this.

Because my children do have a stake in this.

They have a claim to the Hills. My children are

truly Lakota-Dakota children that speak their

own language, that can trace back their

ancestors nine generations prior to Europeanism.

So they should be acknowledged, and their future

should be considered.

So as a true educator that has taught at

prestigious schools, that has taught at private

schools, that has taught at college level, I

honestly cannot look at my students and tell

them, You can grow up to be anything you want,

but you can't have clean air, you can't have

clean water.

So this uranium permit is huge. You have to

factor in all the other water uses that are

going on in South Dakota. And the fact that

DAPL had a spill in Spink County after we stood

out there for nine months protesting against a

government system and our worst fears were


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confirmed.

And then you look at Washington at the same

time again, Hanford, Washington has got

evacuated, a small town like this. This is

evidence. This is pure, 100 percent evidence.

This is not fact or opinion, nor does it have to

do with race. An entire town was evacuated.

So as an educator, I'm asking you to really

think of the future. Why should we educate

young children if I can't promise them drinking

water or clean air?


KATHLEEN BAILEY: Sorry. Me again.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Please say

your name for the court reporter.

KATHLEEN BAILEY: Kathleen Bailey. I just

wanted to respond, and I don't know if this

was -- I am one of the people who are coming

from outside of the state. And I wanted to

assure you, this is not disrespect to the state,

this is not disrespect to the citizens.

This is my personal concern for a rare

commodity, our water. And I am a treehugger

since the '60s. I was born in '49. So, yes, I

am an environmentalist by heart. And all, from


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the amoeba on up to all life forms, I'm just

focusing on this water, because this is the

source.

I'm trying to stop an action that threatens

an incredibly important aquifer that actually

addresses more than just the state of

South Dakota. So it is a huge, huge, important

moment that this be stopped. Because this

changes everything if it is approved, and it

will impact many aquifers all over our country.

So it is also a selfish thing that I am

doing, because I live, my children live, my

grandchildren live, even though I'm not a

South Dakotan. But I had to come up here

because I feel so much about this, because I

can't stand silent while it's happening

anywhere.

So I'm not here to offend anyone, and I do

have a different side than some of you, a

different opinion. But I'm not here to offend

you. I'm here to defend water, from my

perspective. I don't mean for anybody to take

it personally, as far as a citizen here. Thank

you.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Ms. Kile.


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Please state your name.

NANCY KILE: My name is Nancy Kile. I'm

from Sioux County, born and raised in Crawford,

Nebraska where Crow Butte is at. And I just

wanted to -- to state about the fact that we

aren't welcome here and we're intruding on this

community, and those kind of things.

And I just want to say that I trusted my

town leadership as well. I trusted what was

going on in my hometown.

During the time period -- my mom was a

resident of Crawford area since the early '40s.

She came from Oglala. She came to Crawford

because there was jobs there.

There's an Indian camp on the White River

there, and we still would like it surveyed and

reach into that history of the people who

belonged to this land in this area. And we're

going to do that. And we're going to -- we're

going to talk about Squaw Creek Road that runs

by Cameco.

But Mom was a resident of Crawford. She was

diagnosed with lung cancer in 2004, and died in

Crawford nine months later. During that time

period, one of the many Crow Butte Resources


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documented violations was an undetected

poisonous spill into an underground source of

drinking water that lasted for two and a half

years, spanning from July 1, 2003 through

March 31, 2006.

My community, since the Oglala Sioux Tribe

and the consolidated intervenors has interrupted

that mine permitting, something happened. My

community became encased in racism and hate.

My people said that Oglala were trying to

take their jobs. My people criminalized poverty

on each other and Oglala. Something happened.

That is not who we are. Don't become that.

Don't let your kids become that because you want

tax relief and school funding and money for your

elites. Don't sell out to a federal agency.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Ms. Kile,

I'm sorry. But I asked -

NANCY KILE: And talk about private

property -

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Ms. Kile.

NANCY KILE: -- rights. Thank you.

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: Is there

anyone else who would like to make a comment?

We have five minutes left. Okay. Mr. Matt.


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(Comments from Audience Members.)

REGIONAL JUDICIAL OFFICER SUTIN: I will

allow both to make comments. When Mr. Matt is

done, you can go, Ms. Stands.

DON MATT: When you look at the graph of the

price of uranium, it looks like a roller coaster

going down, down, down, and just rolling out on

the flat.

Now, the question that this raises is, why

is this being pushed so hard?

One of the things I heard today was that

they have the option of bringing in outside

nuclear waste and storing it here. There may

not be a market for uranium anytime shortly, but

if they are bringing in outside nuclear waste,

my concern is, Mr. Hollenbeck has complained

about having to jump through countless hoops.

Now, if we start bringing in outside people

who have not been reviewed and have not had to

jump through those countless hoops, what is

happening to our protection?

I would suggest that if outside nuclear

waste comes in, that it should be only somebody

who has had to jump through every stinking hoop

that Mark Hollenbeck has had to jump through.


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Because they may not have the reliability that

Mark has. And that's my final comment.


Mr. Matt.

Ms. Stands, you can get up and speak. I

will just say that comments need to be addressed

to us, not to the audience, and relevant to the

decision before us.

TONIA STANDS: Okay.


TONIA STANDS: Yeah, I think everything that

I'm talking about is relevant. And I'm Tonia

Stands, and I'm from Oglala, South Dakota again.

What I want to say is, you know, we have -

we have this origin story amongst our people,

and it goes back, way, way back when this land

was all red.

So, you see the strip that goes around the

Black Hills, we're tied to this land and we

lived in a time when all the nations, every

single animal, nation, had -- we all talked the

same language.

We had this magical communication between

each other. And then we came to this time where

we were going to -- we were going to lose that.


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So they all came amongst each other, you know.

It wasn't one that was on top of the other, or

there wasn't a chain of command. They were all

equal.

Now, when they came together, they had this

great race around the Black Hills. And whoever

would win this race was going to be the chosen

nation that was going to be the voice.

Because we were going to come into this time

exactly right now, when these -- there's every

single creature -- you know, you have these

crazy words for them. But we don't have those

words. Those are our relatives. And we have

direct relationships with them still.

And you know, we stand against this uranium

because, you know, we come from people that

drink out of these rivers. That's why the

Cheyenne River people are called Cheyenne River,

you know.

It's not this town that's Cheyenne River,

it's these people that were forced out of here

that migrated that way, were forced onto the

reservation, and they are Cheyenne River.

So let that sink in. Okay. There's a whole

nation, a reservation that -- that gets direct


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impact from this river. And that tells so much.

It connects us to this land, you know.

We have names for these rivers, and they are

our relatives that we treat them on human

status. They are just like us, and they have

families, and we honor that. And we -- and we

respect that.

Well, going back to this origin story of the

red earth, when the earth was red. Well, you

know, they did that great race around the Black

Hills and, you know, ever since I was born, ever

since I was a baby, my dad took me on that great

race.

Every year we run around the Black Hills.

It's called the Sacred Hoop 500-mile run. And

I've been running that for as long as I can

remember. And they -- they keep that. We have

to keep that alive. And we have to be -- we owe

that oath and we owe that duty to these silent

nations that can't talk, that's in those waters.

And we hunt. I can't even hunt no more.

You cut them up, and they are all, like,

deformed, and there's white spots all over them.

And down here, my dad lives, you know, we go on

that river. We can't even go get our boats and


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go down the river like we want to. We can't do

that on White River, either.

And you know, our tribe monitors these water

tests, so I have water tests from our tribe.

And in the spring, when the run-offs come down

in this community of Red Shirt, it floods all

the way over to where my family lives. And I

have to go tell them, Don't go by the river.

Leave the river alone. Go, you know.

And these people in this community, I go

down each house, each house like that, and I -

I'm not lying, every one of my relatives in

their house has cancer. And my auntie that

lives at the corner house, she survived three

cancers.

I can't bring them here to tell their story,

so I'm here for them. And I'm here for the

silent nations that we owe. We owe that oath

and that duty to them to speak up for them.

And I never -- I never ever wanted to,

like -- I humble myself and I'm not -- you know,

I'm not -- I don't want to over-exert myself,

but you know what, ever since we've been on this

journey to stand against uranium, these animals,

animals, you know, our relatives, have shown


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themselves to us.

We've gone to Wind Cave, and we don't -- we

don't -- we don't -- we know the buffaloes are

powerful. Those are our people. Those are our

relatives. We know that so they -- they come to

us and it's like they are -- they are sharing

their pain and they are sharing their stories

with us.

And you know today, we were just standing

out here, we didn't ask for this little turtle

to come across. And you know, he went across,

and so we took him off the road because we

didn't want him to get hit.

Well, when we picked him up and looked at

him, his whole beak, his whole little mouth is

deformed. I'm like why, why, do they keep

showing themselves to us?

You know, we have a duty, and we're

fulfilling that duty. And there's no -- they

don't -- they don't speak about that. And that

is old. That is old. As old as that red dirt

is, that is as long as we have to protect this.

And it's a prophesy, and that's what we're

fulfilling. They are encroaching and they won't

stop. And you know, over here on the winding


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side, just like full of uranium. They are

coming. They are coming. And our aquifers are

going to get destroyed.

It's all going down around us, and this is

our, kind of the last, you know, refuge from

what's going on around us. And we always live

on this, we were raised on this. The Black

Hills were never for sale.

With the U.S. government, they have a big

bank account. They want us to take that money

because they know they stole it. They know

that. They have that money. And they want us

to take that money, oh, it's like the feel bad

money, the guilt money, the blood money, you

know, the resource money.

Nothing. We just want it back. We just

want to go pray like we always did. We want to

have that freedom. And for me, because I've

always come here with my grandmas, I want to

continue that and keep that alive for them. You

know, and I want to see the relatives.

And I'll end on this note. This morning we

were leaving. And I really don't believe in

these animals coming up to me. I feel like Snow

White. But they keep coming.


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And this morning in Red Shirt, my boyfriend,

he said something, and he, "hagh." He said

that. And this bird came out of nowhere and it

was eating, and it was, "hagh, hagh" and it was

looking down upon us in this tree.

And I said, Look at him, he's saying -- he's

laughing at you because you said that. You

know, because we were arguing about packing and

what to take and what not to take. And then,

"hagh," and you know. See, you're supposed to

listen to me. See, we were having this little

discussion.

Well, this bird was just standing there.

And they never show themselves to us. And I'm

telling you, this is a spiritual connection.

And it's older. We can go back through billions

of years, not thousands and centuries, billions.

And we can name how the earth, how this universe

began. So please remember that. Okay? Thank

you.


very much. Thank you all for coming. We really

do appreciate every single comment that was

provided by all of you today, the last three

days, our day in Valentine. We take all these


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comments seriously.

We will review them and we will be

thoughtful as we move forward in our -- in

determining how to move forward with these

permits.

So I will conclude the -- these hearings

today. I will just say one more time, the

comment period closes on May 19th, and we will

be taking written comments until that time. So,

if you have other things that you would like to

say that you haven't had a chance to say, please

submit your comments.

The hearing is now closed. Thank you all.

(The proceeding was concluded at 8:07 p.m.)


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C E R T I F I C A T E

STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA }} SS:

COUNTY OF PENNINGTON }

I, Jacqueline K. Perli, Registered ProfessionalReporter, do hereby certify that said proceedings weretaken by me stenographically and thereafter reduced totypewriting under my supervision; that the foregoingis a true and accurate record of the proceeding to thebest of my understanding and ability.

I further certify that I am neither counsel for,related to, nor an employee of any of the parties tothis case and have no interest, financial orotherwise, in its outcome.

Dated this 1st day of June, 2017.

/s/ Jacqueline K. Perli

Registered Professional ReporterBlack Hills Reporting1601 Mt. Rushmore Rd., Ste. 3280Rapid City, SD 57701 605.721.2600 Notary PublicMy commission expires: May 9, 2019


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1

< Dates >. 11/17/16 98:9. 1890, December 15th 52:1. 1990 december 15th 150:2. 2017, December 15th 150:3. December 15, 2017 150:6. December 15th 150:13, 152:7.December 26, 2012 34:6. July 1, 2003 187:4. July 2017 32:19. June, 2017 197:24. March 31, 2006 187:5. March 6, 2017 3:4, 9:1, 99:20, 117:6. March 6th 27:11. May 11, 2017 1:7. May 19th 7:1, 27:11, 119:17, 196:8.May 19th, 2017 3:22. May 9, 2019 197:33. November 16 99:18. November 17, 2016 98:4, 99:19. November 2016 99:11. October 26, 2010 35:11. $8 97:1. '12 162:11. '13 162:11. '13. 163:4. '14 125:19, 162:11. '15 162:11. '49. 184:24. '60 176:7. '75. 90:21. '89 176:7. '95 86:15. -228 159:16, 160:17. /s/ 197:25. . . < 1 >. 1 14:24. 1,000 82:11. 10,000 8:11, 21:14, 21:22. 100 34:15, 150:13, 162:4, 175:22, 184:5. 11- 98:3. 11-page 166:15. 12 129:22. 120 12:24, 14:9, 133:15. 125 128:25. 127 52:20, 53:5, 53:6, 150:3. 13 88:23, 88:24, 88:25, 89:4, 89:6, 89:7, 89:9, 89:10,

131:20.


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13. 84:24. 140 112:24, 112:25. 146 98:2. 146.4 97:13. 146.4. 97:16. 149 57:16. 15 35:3, 77:25, 142:10.150-year 127:5. 1500 34:13. 154 129:11. 16 60:12, 98:19, 99:5, 99:21.16- 21:18. 16. 100:1. 160 85:3. 1601 197:29. 17 57:11, 84:25, 142:8.18- 91:9. 1851 57:18. 1868 57:17. 1890 52:1. 19-year-old 32:15. 1908. 30:18, 167:10. 1950s 30:22, 72:2. 1952 30:19. 1960 61:19. 1960s 30:22. 1963 35:6. 1970s 31:10. 1976 31:7. 1977 141:11. 1978 170:2. 1981. 91:9. 1986. 141:11. 1989. 31:8, 61:20. 1992 144:15, 144:18.1992. 143:17. 1994 95:25. 1:00 1:8. 1st 197:24. . . < 2 >. 2,000 82:9. 2.5 78:20. 20 30:9, 77:25, 156:13.2000s 51:12. 2004 186:23. 2007 33:25. 2009 34:17. 2009. 162:15.


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44:11, 89:8, 116:2, 116:7.Abrahamic 82:10. Abrey 76:11, 76:12, 76:14. abuse 159:2. Academy 35:8. accept 54:11, 63:12. access 170:2. According 33:20, 34:3.Accordingly 38:12. account 194:10. accounting 90:9. accurate 197:15. achievable 48:7, 48:16.achievable. 48:12, 48:14. acid 35:19, 41:24.acknowledge 32:24, 66:19, 81:18.acknowledged 183:11. acknowledgement 80:16. acknowledging 37:20. acquainted 168:14. acquired 83:17. acres 85:3, 85:4, 85:15, 112:24, 112:25. across 19:13, 22:21, 29:13, 83:12, 90:13, 193:11. Act 8:1, 34:7, 81:22, 96:21, 128:12, 141:15, 142:13,

145:14. action 6:10, 6:24, 119:3, 185:4.actions 140:24, 168:4. active 23:21, 71:8.activities 3:7, 101:5, 117:9. activity 17:10, 18:5, 21:7, 132:3. Acts 22:7, 141:11.actual 33:4, 86:4.Actually 15:18, 22:20, 23:6, 23:17, 24:12, 24:15,

25:13, 29:19, 45:9, 75:13, 81:13, 83:2, 110:12,120:9, 122:23, 127:18, 156:25, 158:4, 162:1, 165:1,183:4, 183:5, 185:5.

Adam 39:23, 40:12, 115:16. add 18:13. added 12:16, 14:20.addiction 53:12, 158:17. addition 2:8. additional 10:9, 94:25, 100:12. address 78:15, 153:23.addressed 182:6, 189:6. addresses 185:6. adequate 22:10. adjoins 165:17. adults 78:1, 79:16, 180:19, 181:11.advanced 121:9. advertisements 123:5.


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advocate 180:21, 181:9. Affairs 2:24, 150:24. affect 87:4, 116:7.affected 29:16, 56:1, 56:2, 56:3.affecting 141:23. affects 109:25. afflicted 106:13. afford 114:25. afraid 153:8, 153:20.aftereffects 33:9. afternoon 2:2, 7:13, 27:25, 28:6, 41:4, 71:21, 74:18,

102:17, 111:4, 116:25, 146:13, 165:10.afterwards 136:12. age 157:19. agencies 10:18, 43:18, 79:1. Agency 2:6, 7:8, 34:1, 34:12, 40:8, 40:15, 43:19,

50:20, 56:14, 74:4, 97:2, 116:21, 119:24, 125:8,126:18, 128:20, 142:10, 156:5, 158:5, 170:20,170:24, 187:16.

agents 144:11. ages 88:7. ago 3:25, 10:5, 28:25, 29:4, 57:11, 57:17, 81:4, 82:6,

82:9, 88:9, 89:20, 103:17, 111:16, 122:6, 130:13,132:1, 133:15, 139:5, 145:17, 146:4, 177:5, 177:10.

agree 69:19. agreed 98:25, 99:3.agreement 67:8. agricultural 35:23, 168:6. ahead 22:18, 77:21, 110:18, 145:8.ailments 182:22, 182:24. ain't 114:10. Air 83:21, 91:12, 158:12, 183:18, 184:11.akicita 76:23. Alabama 144:21. alarming 100:12. alcoholism 53:11. Alex 147:22, 147:23, 148:2.alive 146:2, 191:18, 194:20.alkali 87:5. allocate 166:20. allocation 167:6. allow 5:10, 8:22, 18:4, 21:2, 35:21, 58:13, 58:15,

82:23, 105:9, 118:1, 124:25, 136:18, 148:12, 188:3.allowed 15:4, 21:24, 71:10, 84:25.allowing 34:14, 85:13. almost 26:5, 130:15, 151:10, 162:1, 162:7. Alone 125:25, 152:19, 192:9. alpha 13:10, 13:12, 13:17, 13:18, 102:25, 142:6,

142:9, 159:16, 160:17.already 9:2, 20:11, 38:18, 46:25, 48:2, 68:22, 102:23,


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102:24, 103:5, 138:19, 157:11, 159:3.alternative 114:20, 115:10, 177:24. Although 166:18. amateur 39:19. Amen 72:1. America 56:15, 57:11, 75:1, 179:9.American 110:3, 168:8, 182:10.Americans 76:16, 89:22. amoeba 185:1. among 105:12, 105:19.amongst 189:15, 190:1. amount 14:25, 86:14, 138:13.amounts 40:20. Analysis 9:22, 9:23, 20:17. analyze 15:11. ancestors 57:19, 91:22, 105:24, 150:19, 183:10. ancestral 57:15, 57:24, 58:2. ancient 85:16. and/or 141:18. Anderson 30:1, 30:6, 32:6, 61:15, 61:16, 61:17, 63:5. ANDREW 106:19, 106:20.Anhydrite 23:7, 23:9, 23:13, 23:20, 23:21, 24:2,

24:16, 24:18, 24:21, 25:18.animal 189:21. animals 35:23, 36:11, 61:4, 67:21, 136:15, 138:11,

148:15, 164:9, 164:11, 192:24, 192:25, 194:24.annotated 17:25. answer 71:12, 94:18, 118:18.answered 15:9, 77:10, 77:11.answering 5:24, 71:11. answers 181:22. anti-christ 88:13, 88:17, 88:22, 89:24. anybody 28:14, 30:13, 43:4, 57:12, 185:22. Anyhow 28:10. anytime 188:14. Anyway 36:23, 70:11, 96:9, 101:15, 101:21, 101:23,

109:9, 112:21, 163:21, 163:25, 177:18. anyways 51:7, 181:14. apart 67:12, 124:24.apologize 30:3, 80:8, 104:3, 159:6, 161:7, 181:13.Apparently 46:13, 80:22. appeal 7:8, 119:24.Appeals 7:9, 119:25.appeared 28:18. appears 28:22. application 11:7, 47:12, 60:3, 126:8, 141:7.applications 63:24. applied 141:18. Appraisal 142:1. appreciate 32:2, 131:7, 195:23.


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approval 3:17, 97:18, 117:17. approve 18:4, 58:12, 73:4, 100:7.approved 18:18, 78:22, 78:23, 100:21, 100:23, 100:25,

168:2, 185:9.Aquifer 1:4, 3:16, 3:20, 5:23, 7:5, 8:5, 8:6, 9:11,

9:12, 11:23, 12:15, 12:23, 15:1, 19:10, 19:13,19:16, 20:5, 21:12, 21:21, 22:9, 22:20, 22:25, 23:1,23:3, 23:4, 23:6, 23:8, 23:25, 25:7, 31:13, 31:14,34:10, 34:20, 45:5, 58:14, 59:19, 62:19, 62:20,62:25, 64:13, 69:6, 86:11, 96:18, 97:8, 97:14,97:17, 97:20, 98:19, 98:22, 100:7, 100:9, 117:16,117:20, 119:21, 124:25, 125:1, 128:4, 128:10,185:5.

aquifers 9:5, 9:16, 13:2, 13:25, 22:15, 22:16, 25:6,25:16, 34:9, 45:3, 45:12, 45:13, 45:18, 45:25, 46:2,46:5, 63:18, 96:24, 98:12, 99:14, 141:8, 142:13,142:15, 142:22, 156:11, 172:21, 175:7, 185:10,194:2.

aquifers. 34:16. Arapahoe 58:3. archaeological 73:5, 73:24. archaeologists 78:23. Archive 144:19. area 3:6, 3:11, 3:12, 3:18, 3:19, 9:1, 9:3, 9:6, 9:13,

9:16, 9:25, 11:13, 11:18, 11:20, 11:21, 13:8, 13:23,14:5, 15:18, 16:3, 18:13, 21:10, 21:17, 22:5, 24:5,24:8, 24:9, 24:17, 25:20, 28:7, 28:11, 29:11, 29:21,38:5, 38:7, 38:22, 45:3, 46:16, 46:24, 47:7, 61:17,61:24, 63:11, 65:12, 65:21, 67:4, 67:24, 68:5,69:12, 82:3, 85:17, 87:5, 90:23, 95:14, 95:15,95:20, 96:23, 97:14, 100:3, 117:7, 117:12, 117:13,117:18, 117:20, 120:7, 121:14, 124:24, 129:14,130:15, 132:6, 133:17, 134:23, 135:3, 135:7, 136:23,137:8, 137:15, 138:3, 141:19, 142:24, 143:21, 144:7,144:8, 146:11, 170:11, 170:12, 172:6, 172:12,186:12, 186:18.

areas 18:5, 23:5, 23:12, 33:8, 63:22, 139:10, 141:7,141:24.

Argentine 133:18, 133:20, 133:22. argue 34:24. arguing 195:8. arise 167:6. Army 89:2, 141:4, 141:13, 143:15, 143:17, 143:19,

144:5, 144:14, 144:16, 144:18, 144:21, 144:22,144:23.

around 23:13, 53:6, 80:16, 82:8, 82:11, 93:23, 95:9,99:20, 103:10, 109:15, 113:5, 113:8, 122:14, 124:2,141:1, 151:25, 152:3, 153:3, 160:6, 177:13, 177:21,189:18, 190:6, 191:10, 191:14, 194:4, 194:6.

arrangement 16:18, 16:19.


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arrow 15:25. arrows 16:25, 19:2, 89:5.Artesian 46:4, 141:2, 142:12, 142:16, 142:19, 143:1,

143:2, 143:9, 143:12, 143:18.article 34:5. Ashenafi 3:1. aside 105:13, 152:23.aspect 21:9, 42:12, 42:13.Assessment 144:15, 144:19. assist 2:9. associated 159:18, 163:8. assuming 121:2, 150:23. assure 168:10, 184:20.assured 6:2, 118:19. astray 104:23. ate 115:17. Atlas 127:4. atmosphere 146:15, 147:2, 158:13. Atomic 32:21, 32:22, 33:2. attack 52:3. attempted 156:18. attempting 73:13. attended 96:14. attention 40:25, 48:21. attitude 73:11. audacity 65:22, 66:20. Audience 43:25, 48:11, 48:13, 71:18, 72:1, 84:6, 84:9,

94:8, 94:10, 95:14, 96:5, 153:16, 178:21, 179:18,179:22, 179:25, 180:3, 181:25, 182:7, 182:8, 188:1,189:7.

aunt 130:14. auntie 192:13. Australia 103:9. authority 96:20, 166:19. authorize 21:25. authorized 7:25. automatically 15:4. automobiles 32:18. availability 43:14. available 6:5, 6:11, 6:15, 39:11, 101:1, 118:23,

119:4. Avenue 1:11. aversion 133:9. awakened 152:18. aware 104:24. away 17:4, 23:12, 23:14, 24:17, 35:5, 52:14, 53:2,

66:16, 85:13, 86:5, 89:16, 102:12, 108:12, 126:25,129:11, 132:20.

awesome 148:19. awful 132:5.


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awhile 14:7. Azarga 33:21, 47:13, 47:15, 57:5, 57:24, 59:24, 60:8,

109:4. Azarga/powertech 47:15, 97:25, 98:16, 98:21, 101:7. . . < B >. babies 91:10, 180:23. baby 59:6, 191:12.bachelor 182:10. back 2:20, 2:23, 4:11, 5:10, 14:18, 14:23, 22:19,

22:25, 56:21, 62:25, 69:1, 69:21, 81:14, 82:17,90:21, 99:11, 101:15, 112:2, 112:20, 113:21, 114:18,118:13, 120:21, 121:23, 126:7, 126:15, 126:20,127:2, 135:17, 139:20, 139:22, 140:6, 149:18, 154:6,154:8, 154:10, 155:8, 169:24, 171:5, 171:25, 172:1,173:5, 174:16, 176:7, 180:1, 183:9, 189:16, 191:8,194:16, 195:16.

back-and-forth 5:16. backbone 79:23. background 7:12, 7:18, 30:13, 41:8, 41:15, 43:16. backs 156:19. backup 19:21. bacteria 138:12. bad 43:2, 72:12, 77:4, 109:6, 109:7, 138:19, 194:13.Bailey 95:22, 95:23, 96:6, 96:15, 101:9, 101:10,

158:25, 159:1, 162:23, 162:25, 163:16, 184:13,184:16.

balance 142:23, 151:15.bandwagon 105:4. bank 194:10. bar 90:5. Barack 33:25. barely 127:6. barium 26:15, 26:16, 35:16. Barker 37:10, 37:11, 41:2, 165:6, 165:7, 165:9,

165:23. base 22:7, 57:19, 87:16, 98:22.Based 8:14, 11:22, 20:15, 31:24, 31:25, 99:12.baseline 20:7, 20:12, 20:14, 20:17, 128:20.baseline. 34:21. basement 68:21. basements 68:20, 102:25. basically 112:22. basics 113:21. Basin 42:15, 141:23. basis 5:14, 28:20, 38:11. Bates 80:5, 80:6, 80:9, 80:10.battle 57:7. beak 193:15.


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Bear 178:25, 179:3, 179:4, 179:5.beast 90:3. beautiful 33:8, 123:7, 137:8, 137:9, 155:7, 163:24,

164:2, 164:20.beauty 52:12, 52:25. Beaver 12:5, 60:12, 141:13, 141:19. became 172:7, 172:8, 187:9. become 34:2, 53:19, 104:13, 136:5, 136:17, 137:14,

139:14, 150:21, 164:4, 164:18, 168:14, 187:13,187:14.

becomes 107:17, 164:2. bed 85:4, 85:12, 86:11.began 10:4, 61:18, 82:9, 195:19. begin 4:18, 18:25, 20:12, 117:25, 149:17.beginning 81:23, 81:24, 150:16, 152:13, 171:7. begun 72:15, 72:16.behalf 61:3. behavior 16:11. behind 126:19, 154:18. beings 79:25, 113:22, 113:23, 173:16.beliefs 66:1. believe 29:1, 29:5, 38:18, 47:24, 95:3, 125:18,

135:12, 163:20, 166:11, 194:23.belong 155:10. belonged 186:18. belongs 145:20. below 21:22, 22:2. ben 83:9. benefit 44:10, 73:16.benefits 107:9, 131:23, 139:13. berries 169:21. beside 105:15. Besides 129:23. best 33:22, 69:20, 95:2, 95:5, 95:10, 107:10, 109:5,

123:23, 128:8, 197:16.bet 87:20, 87:21, 94:1.beta 159:17, 160:18.better 27:4, 104:21, 110:25, 151:13.betterment 157:21. Bible 115:14, 145:18.bicycles 121:1. bicycling 81:5. big 36:15, 55:13, 58:25, 62:24, 86:16, 125:16, 125:18,

136:9, 148:20, 194:9.bigger 106:4, 114:23.biggest 105:4, 122:17, 175:6. Bill 27:24, 27:25, 28:5, 28:6, 28:10, 81:21, 88:19,

129:11. billion 97:1. billions 33:19, 112:4, 112:5, 175:11, 175:12, 195:16,


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195:17. bird 195:3, 195:13.birds 114:22, 114:24. bit 4:4, 4:6, 7:11, 7:19, 13:1, 48:3, 70:3, 82:13,

145:23, 148:8, 175:20.bitter 85:13. Black 44:24, 45:8, 46:4, 46:7, 48:24, 48:25, 50:17,

50:25, 51:9, 52:10, 54:1, 54:3, 54:7, 55:6, 57:22,65:15, 65:19, 67:3, 70:5, 73:2, 81:7, 91:23, 141:4,142:1, 142:24, 143:15, 143:19, 143:20, 144:5,144:16, 144:20, 144:23, 145:22, 147:18, 155:2,155:10, 164:1, 164:5, 171:19, 172:3, 172:8, 179:12,179:15, 189:19, 190:6, 191:10, 191:14, 194:7,197:28.

BLACKCLOUD 149:9, 149:10, 153:2, 153:18, 153:23,153:25, 154:13, 154:14, 154:21.

blackness 53:5. blame 53:13, 158:1.BLANCHFLOWER 106:19, 106:20, 145:10. blankets 147:6, 169:11. blasts 32:22. blatant 73:9. bled 14:25. bleed 77:5. blisters 134:25. blizzard 127:5. block 13:18, 33:17. blood 74:25, 82:3, 113:25, 194:14. blow 68:12. blue 14:3. Board 7:9, 120:1, 127:4.boarding 89:13. boats 51:14, 88:9, 191:25.bodies 90:16. body 13:19, 124:13. boil 182:24. boils 182:23. Bombed 33:12. bombs 122:18. bond 104:23. book 33:12, 76:24.border 11:15, 11:16.Boreholes 17:18, 64:8, 178:8. born 30:17, 41:5, 54:24, 63:10, 66:16, 70:19, 184:24,

186:3, 191:11.bosses 110:17. bottled 98:24. bottom 66:15, 67:4. bought 83:18, 123:8, 182:25.boundaries 133:17, 141:9.


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boundary 11:14, 12:24, 14:8, 19:1, 19:5, 19:9, 19:10,19:13, 19:17, 19:18, 20:5, 20:15, 22:21, 125:1.

box 101:20, 133:21. Boy 76:15, 180:15.boyfriend 195:1. brackish 138:8, 138:10. branch 89:5. branding 165:10. Brandon 70:10. breach 18:5, 18:10.breaches 18:7. break 4:9, 4:10, 64:18, 173:8.breaking 116:12. breaks 163:9. breathe 13:20, 158:12.breathing 146:14. breccia 23:16. brick 160:10, 162:8. brief 7:16. briefly 44:22, 117:1, 117:5. bright 182:14. bring 33:19, 59:24, 60:24, 62:13, 64:11, 65:21, 78:17,

84:22, 127:15, 132:4, 140:15, 150:10, 152:23,177:23, 192:16.

bringing 58:17, 188:12, 188:15, 188:18. Brit 82:5. Britain 82:4. broader 39:8. broken 83:19. brother 32:15. brothers 104:22, 140:5. brought 12:18, 14:15, 65:12, 88:10, 88:11, 88:16,

115:12, 121:4, 129:6.Brown 102:16, 102:17, 102:18, 103:23.brutality 73:9. BS 146:22. Bud 86:4. Buffalo 69:21, 150:10.buffaloes 193:3. building 37:19, 90:15. builds 38:9. built 80:22, 156:19, 179:10. Bull 51:20, 52:1, 52:4, 52:17, 53:17, 53:18, 54:16,

149:21, 150:4, 150:19, 151:20, 151:25, 152:6, 152:8,152:17.

Bull. 51:19. bump 55:21. bunch 140:2, 176:8.burdening 133:4. Burdock 11:18, 11:21, 141:17.


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Bureau 11:2. buried 91:23, 141:3, 144:4, 175:13.burning 104:16. bush 49:10, 49:14.business 31:4, 131:22, 150:24.businessmen 151:17, 151:19. busts 113:12. Butte 57:4, 69:11, 79:6, 127:20, 127:22, 129:1,

155:22, 165:16, 168:23, 169:1, 170:15, 171:2, 186:4,186:25.

Buttes 90:23. buy 51:6, 71:3, 90:3.byproducts 159:13. . . < C >. calcium 23:9. calculated 161:1, 161:24.calculations 34:25, 99:13. Calf 150:10. call 4:12, 15:21, 30:2, 41:12, 57:22, 69:5, 77:10,

77:12, 85:2, 89:11, 108:3, 117:22, 124:14, 124:15,176:21, 178:8.

called 22:22, 23:15, 34:10, 47:5, 51:18, 70:9, 80:10,81:13, 81:14, 82:4, 88:17, 109:4, 115:15, 129:7,159:25, 161:12, 161:23, 166:4, 166:13, 190:18,191:15.

calves 165:10. Cameco 56:24, 57:4, 57:9, 58:7, 58:21, 59:24, 64:11,

186:21. Camp 66:11, 85:18, 90:14, 152:1, 171:21, 179:8,

186:15. campground 85:16. camps 90:12. campsite 96:2, 171:22. Cancer 32:11, 32:16, 33:10, 70:18, 70:22, 70:24,

70:25, 71:2, 75:12, 75:13, 75:15, 75:18, 75:22,75:24, 90:23, 94:3, 94:5, 94:7, 94:8, 103:3, 109:9,124:15, 142:7, 158:2, 161:20, 162:3, 163:2, 163:3,186:23, 192:13.

cancers 135:1, 159:17, 192:15. Cane 147:22, 147:23, 148:2.Canyon 83:11, 177:11. cap 84:14, 89:2, 89:3.capable 150:23, 150:24, 151:2, 151:7, 159:4, 163:10.capacities 31:7. capitalism 88:18, 89:11. Capping 90:25, 91:1, 91:2, 91:5. captive 34:2. car 87:14.


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carbon 12:16. carbon-free 39:10, 39:15, 71:22. carbonic 35:19. card 4:13, 4:15, 117:23, 178:24.cards 104:2, 178:20. care 114:6, 120:13, 123:17, 123:19, 127:13. careers 168:13. Carl 131:12, 131:13, 131:14.Carol 180:7, 180:8.carriers 54:10. carries 33:16. carry 43:8, 54:24, 79:21.cartoon 14:11. case 2:12, 8:18, 8:21, 11:8, 62:21, 108:18, 108:19,

164:16, 197:20. cases 31:20, 42:8.Casper 42:15. casual 64:6. categories 142:5. Catholic 1:10. cattle 38:9, 46:19, 46:22.Caucasia 82:14. Caucasians 82:15. caught 172:14. cause 17:10, 21:7, 97:4, 106:5, 144:3.caused 70:25. causes 23:10, 24:3, 49:16, 75:22, 94:9.Cavalry 52:3. Cave 66:17, 67:11, 193:2.caved 87:13. caves 87:9. celebrate 152:12. celebration 150:14. cement 91:3. center 67:15. centered 141:1. centuries 104:11, 195:17. certain 8:23, 65:14, 77:7, 128:16, 153:4, 166:22.certainly 29:23, 37:22. certified 129:24. certify 197:12, 197:18. cetera 42:17, 42:20. CFR 97:16. chain 170:25, 190:3.challenge 57:10. challenged 57:12. chance 5:8, 41:10, 55:20, 122:22, 130:2, 137:5,

139:22, 152:21, 196:11.change 16:6, 16:17, 33:4, 55:2, 102:5.changed 86:24, 86:25, 87:2.


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changes 22:21, 142:16, 147:2, 160:13, 160:23, 185:9.channels 141:12. chanting. 84:6. chaos 106:8. character 22:21. characterization 17:8, 21:6. characterize 15:6. CHARLES 92:5, 92:6, 92:7, 94:9, 94:13. cheap 114:25. cheat 51:22. check 124:6, 129:9.checkerboard 170:9, 170:10. checking 43:8, 122:15. cheese 179:12. chemical 141:3, 144:4, 144:11.chemistry 25:24, 26:2, 26:4.chemotherapy 75:15. Chernobyl 103:17. Cheyenne 12:2, 12:5, 56:19, 56:20, 58:3, 60:13, 68:13,

68:16, 87:7, 92:9, 92:10, 141:20, 155:4, 155:5,156:12, 174:22, 174:23, 176:3, 190:18, 190:20,190:23.

Chief 39:24, 51:18, 51:25, 52:3, 52:17, 53:2, 54:16,54:25, 66:7, 150:4, 150:5, 151:20, 152:2, 152:8.

chiefs 52:5, 54:9, 151:18. child 65:12, 105:2, 157:3.Children 32:16, 51:21, 54:14, 54:20, 54:22, 60:8,

61:21, 66:9, 74:6, 75:19, 76:5, 76:7, 79:18, 104:10,105:16, 108:5, 110:2, 147:8, 151:13, 151:23, 152:4,153:5, 153:21, 155:14, 157:17, 157:21, 180:22,181:15, 183:6, 183:7, 183:8, 184:10, 185:12.

Chilson 14:2, 14:3, 22:16. Chinese 33:21. chloride 26:15. choice 75:20. choices 104:18. choose 19:4, 19:17, 78:2. chose 78:1, 150:8.chosen 106:1, 190:7. Christ 88:15. Christianity 82:6, 82:8. Christians 88:11, 88:12. chronic 159:2, 159:18, 160:4, 162:3. Church 1:10, 66:25, 67:2, 67:3. circle 163:22, 164:4.citizen 89:15, 131:24, 185:23.citizens 65:18, 184:21. City 3:25, 29:5, 33:6, 49:11, 49:25, 132:16, 139:9,

140:18, 145:18, 172:16, 197:30.civilized 89:14.


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claim 69:9, 183:7.Clarence 61:14, 61:16.clarifying 5:13, 118:16. Class 3:10, 3:12, 3:18, 8:16, 8:18, 8:19, 9:3, 9:6,

9:13, 9:16, 11:8, 11:25, 17:8, 17:9, 17:13, 20:22,20:25, 22:1, 24:24, 25:2, 26:7, 26:19, 89:3, 96:22,100:24, 117:11, 117:13, 117:18, 124:24.

classes 8:14, 8:15.classifies 8:13. Clean 19:23, 47:16, 47:17, 47:18, 48:8, 59:7, 59:10,

63:21, 69:11, 114:15, 126:21, 127:15, 128:12, 135:8,135:9, 137:17, 141:15, 146:19, 174:15, 178:11,178:13, 183:18, 183:19, 184:11.

cleaned 47:1, 47:18, 73:23, 128:5, 134:24, 135:5,135:25, 137:23.

cleaning 103:6, 103:15. cleans 127:18. cleanup 20:3, 126:13. clear 39:4, 122:12, 150:17.cleared 155:24. clearly 47:12, 96:17. clever 37:19. clicks 93:13, 93:14. client 37:3. cliff 172:16. climatic 142:17. Clinic 75:14. clomp 181:10. Close 22:22, 28:18, 36:7, 36:18, 108:7, 113:12,

129:24, 165:14, 169:13.closed 196:13. closes 196:8. closing 36:18. closure 42:9. clothes 13:14. Cloud 48:24, 48:25, 54:2, 54:3, 54:7, 55:6.co-exist 158:15. co-opted 107:25. CO2 14:20, 35:11, 35:19.coal 51:2. coast 135:2. coaster 188:6. Cobalt 90:9. code 90:5. codes 11:21, 90:12.coffins 90:15. cold 154:15. collapsed 23:15. collect 15:10, 70:2, 169:17.collected 119:2.


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collection 160:15. collective 169:14. collects 6:9. college 30:25, 31:3, 31:5, 41:9, 121:23, 124:4, 130:6,

180:17, 183:15.colonized 76:17. color 11:21. color-coded 13:25. Colorado 2:6, 96:16, 116:22. Columbus 146:25, 166:4, 166:6. Comes 14:18, 39:7, 69:5, 72:23, 79:15, 82:22, 86:22,

136:3, 138:10, 146:11, 150:1, 152:19, 169:16,188:23.

comfort 32:14. comfortable 95:21, 139:16. Coming 2:3, 7:14, 61:2, 61:4, 61:11, 68:20, 68:21,

74:11, 77:14, 90:19, 109:16, 125:10, 135:2, 135:3,135:10, 137:7, 138:22, 139:22, 146:10, 157:8,182:15, 184:18, 194:2, 194:24, 194:25, 195:22.

command 170:25, 190:3. commence 133:3. commend 37:15. Comment 3:21, 7:21, 9:21, 10:13, 27:7, 27:10, 58:23,

101:19, 101:20, 119:16, 140:25, 187:24, 189:2,195:23, 196:8.

commented 127:12. commenting 44:3. Comments 2:10, 3:19, 5:11, 5:17, 5:21, 5:22, 6:2,

6:11, 6:16, 6:21, 6:25, 7:2, 7:8, 7:18, 27:18, 38:4,60:18, 63:12, 95:18, 117:19, 118:20, 119:4, 119:11,119:16, 119:19, 119:24, 134:13, 138:20, 153:24,182:5, 188:1, 188:3, 189:6, 196:1, 196:9, 196:12.

Commission 10:20, 18:19, 33:2, 33:3, 33:22, 38:25,57:16, 100:23, 197:33.

commitment 152:13. commodity 184:23. Common 55:15, 148:4, 148:5, 148:17, 149:1, 149:3.communication 189:23. Communications 2:25. communities 60:6, 64:8, 64:10, 105:10, 182:17. Community 3:2, 3:3, 57:25, 94:17, 120:24, 131:15,

131:17, 131:20, 132:4, 139:4, 173:20, 173:22, 174:8,176:16, 177:20, 181:1, 181:3, 186:7, 187:6, 187:9,192:6, 192:10.

companies 28:16, 34:14, 50:23, 129:8, 135:11. company 33:21, 36:15, 47:13, 133:4, 136:3.comparison 25:23. compelled 165:11. complained 188:16. complete 4:24, 10:12, 19:8, 118:6.


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completed 18:16, 18:18.completely 155:9, 175:23. compliance 19:9, 20:15. complied 40:3. composes 23:8. Compromise 106:7, 149:25, 150:1. con 148:6. concentrated 138:3. concentrating 160:18. Concentration 25:18, 159:20, 160:11, 162:21, 179:7.concentrations 20:8, 20:10. conception 105:5. concern 62:2, 94:23, 135:21, 136:16, 175:18, 184:22,

188:16. concerned 46:15. concerns 30:11, 31:19, 38:8, 140:25, 142:4. conclude 99:12, 196:6.concluded 40:9, 99:13, 196:14.Concluding 144:1. conclusion 132:25. condition 137:25. conditions 142:18. conducting 83:24, 141:16. cone 15:21. Confederate 168:8. confined 172:9. confinement 22:10. confining 16:8, 18:6, 18:11, 18:15, 21:3, 22:8, 22:14,

25:1, 25:19, 25:20, 26:1, 26:3.confirmed 184:1. Congress 167:11, 167:13.Congressional 166:12, 167:4. connect 45:19. connected 44:20, 45:14, 45:20, 66:15, 72:18, 72:22,

138:5, 140:23.connection 3:17, 9:13, 30:20, 45:11, 46:5, 65:10,

66:2, 96:22, 105:2, 105:8, 105:18, 117:17, 143:3,195:15.

connections 67:18, 72:20. connects 191:2. cons 148:4. conscience 156:23, 157:13.consciousness 105:21. consent 60:24. consequence 163:12. Consider 5:20, 38:14, 38:20, 81:10, 119:3, 120:10,

137:11, 137:12, 140:23.consideration 10:2, 79:2, 98:1, 102:7. considered 6:2, 6:10, 39:17, 67:21, 99:7, 118:20,

134:23, 183:12.


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considering 31:14. consistently 100:14, 105:25. consists 12:14. consolidated 187:7. conspired 52:2. constituent 20:7. constraints 43:3. construction 20:24, 37:18, 42:6. consult 170:17. consultation 10:2, 10:4, 10:8, 10:11, 73:25. consulted 73:3, 145:21.consumption 8:10, 98:13, 99:8. contain 17:3, 24:13.contained 15:12, 16:2, 16:9.containers 144:4. containment 16:13, 16:17. contains 8:7, 8:10.contaminant 19:6. contaminants 19:12, 19:16, 19:19, 19:20, 20:4, 20:10,

20:18, 22:11.contaminate 69:9, 100:3, 120:19.contaminated 63:21, 63:22, 63:23, 87:10, 109:9,

124:18, 143:23, 158:2.contaminates 125:2, 128:17, 135:22, 156:10.contaminating 75:8, 91:24, 155:25. Contamination 18:14, 19:24, 20:1, 46:23, 97:5, 100:15,

100:17, 137:23, 144:16, 144:20.contents 143:25, 144:8. contest 121:12. context 7:18. continue 10:8, 36:17, 38:19, 50:24, 54:19, 54:20,

68:23, 72:13, 97:4, 98:1, 108:10, 109:11, 164:3,164:17, 194:20.

continued 99:5, 106:22, 127:24. continues 20:1, 73:11, 75:7, 94:17, 98:18.continuing 53:14, 160:9. continuous 101:6. Control 1:3, 3:5, 7:23, 16:20, 108:15, 108:16, 117:7,

150:23. controller 140:17. controlling 142:14. controls 142:25. convince 123:23. convoluted 97:24. COOL 146:6. cooperatively 98:5. coordinator 81:13. COPD 146:14. copies 17:23, 119:7. copper 182:14.


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copy 6:13, 6:17, 33:11, 119:6, 119:8, 132:18, 132:22,166:10.

corner 85:7, 192:14.Corolla 96:1. corporate 108:1, 108:2, 108:11, 131:24.corporation 56:25, 57:10, 57:13, 109:2, 109:3, 109:15,

120:22. Corporations 50:24, 57:6, 60:4, 60:6, 110:10, 110:23,

120:23, 125:10, 136:9, 182:25.Corps 141:14, 143:17, 144:14, 144:18, 144:22. corpse 108:11. corrected 99:19. cosmetic 33:4. cost 33:18, 63:19.Council 74:22, 132:16. counsel 197:18. Count 64:3. Counties 11:17, 44:10. counting 93:24. countless 33:14, 188:17, 188:20. countries 92:13, 136:19, 150:25. Country 31:24, 40:19, 53:12, 65:18, 73:11, 93:25,

94:2, 94:6, 146:6, 146:9, 156:8, 156:19, 173:21,174:7, 185:10.

COUNTY 39:21, 58:1, 63:10, 64:4, 76:22, 183:23, 186:3,197:7.

couple 10:4, 82:6, 84:19, 130:13, 136:7, 145:17,146:4, 152:22, 173:7, 174:19, 177:13.

courage 157:18, 157:20. course 39:9, 81:24, 178:22. courses 86:24, 86:25, 87:2. Court 6:3, 6:19, 28:4, 28:8, 118:21, 126:19, 126:20,

167:9, 168:2, 168:3, 184:15.courtroom 171:8. Courts 167:19, 167:22.cousins 147:23. cover 63:19, 90:25.covered 43:1, 85:4, 178:9.covering 32:17. covers 24:7. cow 146:11. cowboy 107:14. cows 70:4, 70:5, 85:22. Cox 36:2, 36:3, 37:9, 101:13, 101:14, 163:17, 163:18,

165:5. Craven 177:11. Crawford 56:21, 56:22, 63:11, 64:6, 165:17, 186:3,

186:12, 186:13, 186:22, 186:24. crazy 190:12. create 98:20, 177:24.


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created 45:23, 77:19, 104:20, 115:11, 164:15. creates 35:19. creating 160:25. creation 82:1, 82:2. creature 190:11. creatures 75:9, 75:21. Creek 12:5, 12:6, 57:18, 60:13, 134:19, 141:13,

141:19, 186:20.creeks 67:23. criminal 182:11. criminalized 187:11. criteria 8:24, 97:16. crops 168:6. cross 20:4, 20:10.cross-section 13:24, 22:4. Crow 57:2, 57:4, 69:10, 79:6, 127:20, 127:21, 129:1,

155:22, 165:16, 168:23, 169:1, 170:15, 171:2, 186:4,186:25.

crowd 153:24. crucial 15:9. cultural 73:4, 73:23. culture 33:1, 33:15.Cumulative 9:23, 48:1. curiosity 105:22. Curran 27:24, 27:25, 28:1, 28:5, 28:6, 28:10, 29:25. currency 105:5. current 97:13, 97:15, 98:2, 98:6, 98:8, 98:20, 100:4,

100:9, 100:19.currently 8:9, 32:9, 97:10, 98:9, 98:12, 98:14, 98:16,

99:15, 110:3, 134:11, 134:20, 134:22, 140:19.Custer 11:17, 44:10, 81:20, 140:18. cut 52:15, 69:2, 75:16, 111:8, 114:21, 115:23, 169:5,

178:17, 191:22.CZA 99:12. . . < D >. dad 30:21, 68:15, 68:18, 84:25, 85:13, 129:20, 129:24,

130:1, 130:23, 191:12, 191:24.dads 67:22. daily 51:3. DAKOTA 3:9, 10:21, 30:8, 31:1, 32:9, 33:7, 35:8, 41:6,

42:11, 65:7, 69:19, 69:21, 70:9, 74:20, 74:23,74:24, 80:21, 81:18, 89:21, 90:14, 90:21, 96:20,99:6, 117:10, 124:5, 127:3, 131:15, 132:9, 134:12,140:22, 141:22, 144:17, 144:21, 168:21, 179:6,182:16, 183:22, 185:7, 189:13, 197:5.

Dakota-wyoming 11:15. Dakotan 185:14. dam 85:19, 85:21.


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damn 158:6. dance 52:12. danced 52:25, 160:6. danger 13:21. dangerous 35:16, 69:20, 73:13, 178:9, 178:10. dangers 55:19. DAPL 183:23. dashed 12:23. data 15:10, 35:4, 35:6, 159:7. date 34:18, 100:16.Dated 34:5, 197:24.daughter 13:16, 70:19, 79:20, 79:22. Davidson 86:8. Day 33:12, 33:16, 35:3, 38:7, 38:19, 39:11, 52:5,

52:7, 55:13, 56:9, 56:21, 131:13, 149:7, 150:5,157:13, 182:15, 195:25, 197:24.

days 27:17, 30:12, 35:12, 38:17, 39:12, 49:22, 72:10,74:11, 128:3, 145:17, 178:22, 195:25.

dead 174:1. Deadwood 81:3. deal 53:20, 92:21, 120:17, 127:14, 148:7.dealing 55:18, 141:24, 161:2, 161:4. dealt 92:22. dear 28:13. death 54:16, 75:24, 91:9.debating 169:3. DEBRA 56:11, 56:12, 56:15, 60:19. debt 31:3. decades 34:12. decay 13:14, 13:21, 26:10, 103:1.decays 13:16, 103:1, 103:2.Deceptive 63:14. decide 110:18. decided 44:18. decision 7:9, 50:15, 95:4, 95:8, 96:18, 106:13,

119:25, 157:6, 189:8.decisions 10:11, 31:24, 78:1, 79:16. deck 58:17. Declaration 60:21. declare 125:14. declares 97:13. dedicated 97:2. deep 3:13, 8:19, 9:7, 11:25, 20:22, 25:2, 58:8, 58:15,

59:22, 63:17, 85:9, 85:24, 86:2, 86:12, 86:21,117:14, 141:8.

defend 52:4, 168:15, 177:7, 177:11, 185:21.defended 177:9. defers 166:20. defined 8:5. deformed 68:6, 179:20, 191:23, 193:16.


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Degradation 167:17, 167:24. degree 31:2, 53:9, 102:19, 182:12.degrees 132:6. delivery 64:3. demand 100:5, 149:25.demonstrate 16:13, 16:25, 20:4, 21:10, 33:15.demonstrates 15:17, 16:1. denial 33:2, 33:15.denounce 100:4. DENR 11:6, 41:12, 127:3.Denver 2:6, 6:13, 116:22, 119:6. deny 40:18, 40:21, 156:6.denying 156:7. Department 10:22, 42:2. depend 133:25. depending 174:2. depleting 105:25. Depo 144:23. deposit 8:18, 9:19, 11:23, 14:19, 18:11.deposited 133:20. deposits 11:22, 13:8, 14:1, 14:14. Depot 141:4, 143:15, 143:19, 144:5, 144:10, 144:17,

144:21. depression 15:21. DEQ 41:13. deride 110:11. derived 105:22, 106:12.descendants 82:20. descriptions 63:15. Deseret 32:25. design 39:24. despite 40:17. destroy 104:18, 111:18, 111:24, 148:11, 148:14,

148:24, 175:17.destroyed 68:8, 194:3.destroying 68:9. destroys 172:20. destruction 53:15, 54:4, 144:3. detach 170:19. detached 171:23. detaching 68:25. detail 4:4, 132:2. detect 19:19. detected 19:20. detection 20:17, 128:24, 129:2. detector 93:13, 93:14.deteriorated 53:8. determination 5:23, 7:5, 119:21. determine 126:13. determined 40:16, 99:24.


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determining 196:4. devastating 53:9. devastation 122:19. developed 18:12, 162:2.developing 20:14, 159:24.development 60:25, 142:22. devolved 96:25. Dewey 11:17, 11:18, 11:20, 120:7, 120:8, 130:12,

139:2, 141:17.Dewey-burdock 1:2, 10:19, 11:12, 15:18, 24:5, 24:9,

30:15, 31:6, 31:10, 72:13, 96:18, 125:20, 126:9,130:11, 131:16, 131:19, 132:17, 132:23, 133:1,133:13, 133:19, 139:6, 139:7, 140:21, 141:1, 143:14,143:21, 144:7.

diagnosed 186:23. diagram 14:11. dials 123:11. Diamond 126:9. dichotomy 107:20. die 54:19, 71:1, 90:19, 94:3, 94:7, 109:8, 124:14,

157:14. died 32:11, 33:10, 49:16, 52:7, 70:18, 70:24, 130:13,

163:6, 186:23.dies 113:13. difference 33:5, 162:8. different 12:22, 25:11, 25:14, 26:1, 65:13, 72:20,

86:20, 104:19, 114:1, 115:9, 121:9, 137:1, 163:23,185:19, 185:20.

difficult 37:21. difficulties 146:14. dig 71:4, 84:25, 87:9, 123:21.digging 85:22, 179:11.diminished 142:19. Dine 72:4. dinosaurs 59:15. dioxide 12:16. direct 30:14, 30:20, 31:11, 31:15, 65:10, 79:5, 79:6,

190:14, 190:25.direction 19:3, 151:4, 151:5, 152:14.directions 153:5. directly 7:1, 29:16, 42:19, 141:18, 143:15. dirt 84:18, 175:13, 193:21.discerning 105:23. discharge 11:6, 63:25.discipline 37:16. disclaimer 95:24. disclosed 100:22. discombobulate 67:13. disconnected 45:15, 66:24, 127:9. discovering 77:21.


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discriminate 146:17. discussion 5:16, 195:12. diseases 159:24. disgrace 53:24. disposal 3:13, 8:21, 58:8, 58:10, 58:15, 59:23, 76:2,

100:25, 101:1, 101:2, 115:11, 117:14.dispose 11:10. disposed 11:11, 154:7.disposing 162:17. disrespect 112:13, 184:20, 184:21.dissolution 22:22, 23:21, 23:24, 24:1, 24:6. dissolved 8:11, 21:14, 21:21, 23:7, 23:11, 23:14. District 168:2. disturbance 62:17. divots 69:25, 70:1, 70:3. docket 6:7, 6:9, 6:11, 6:15, 6:24, 7:1, 119:1, 119:2,

119:4, 119:14.doctors 49:24, 50:9, 50:19, 91:10, 91:18, 124:16.Doctrine 166:14, 167:11, 168:15. document 9:22, 9:24, 10:1, 160:3.documentation 6:22, 119:12. documented 187:1. documenting 33:1. documents 9:20, 10:14, 27:8, 27:10, 159:14. dog 96:1. dogs 85:21, 134:24.doing 37:25, 46:12, 71:24, 71:25, 92:12, 92:15, 96:7,

108:20, 117:4, 136:20, 136:21, 147:24, 149:4,150:24, 153:4, 160:19, 164:22, 165:2, 171:20, 173:6,177:16, 185:12.

dollar 87:21, 88:19, 97:2.dollars 33:19. Dome 47:6. DON 30:2, 30:5, 32:8, 165:24, 165:25, 188:5.done 31:9, 31:11, 43:20, 54:21, 62:15, 62:16, 92:16,

94:22, 101:10, 125:24, 128:6, 128:8, 135:16, 135:18,135:19, 151:1, 152:21, 154:2, 188:4.

door 126:23. doors 65:15. Dorothy 178:25, 179:2, 179:4, 179:5. dose 159:20, 160:5, 160:22, 161:11, 161:12, 163:13. dots 11:24, 24:9.doubt 30:12, 44:5, 64:5.Douglas 2:14, 2:15, 2:18, 2:21. down 12:4, 22:11, 23:2, 24:16, 29:6, 29:12, 36:18,

36:21, 47:21, 61:19, 61:20, 69:18, 70:7, 70:14,71:10, 72:23, 74:8, 77:22, 80:16, 84:17, 86:11,86:21, 87:3, 87:9, 87:17, 108:22, 113:13, 114:21,115:3, 123:18, 127:20, 129:1, 140:15, 143:6, 165:16,171:14, 172:13, 176:11, 176:15, 178:4, 181:3,


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182:23, 182:24, 188:7, 191:24, 192:1, 192:5, 192:11,194:4, 195:5.

Downgradient 19:2, 24:1. downstream 64:10, 72:22, 73:18, 156:14. downward 143:7. DRAFT 1:3, 3:4, 3:10, 3:18, 8:25, 9:2, 9:21, 10:1,

10:10, 11:5, 18:17, 26:23, 27:21, 117:6, 117:11,117:17.

drained 62:19, 86:11.dramatics 176:19. drastically 34:24. drawing 15:25, 98:10. dream 86:15. dreams 152:10. dressed 165:11. drifted 85:19. drill 17:17, 17:24, 18:2, 25:1, 25:12.drilled 21:20, 24:11.drilling 24:13, 99:23, 99:24, 143:12, 154:2. drink 13:6, 32:12, 60:15, 67:23, 70:4, 70:5, 85:25,

87:21, 136:22, 138:7, 138:8, 148:15, 180:20,190:17.

drinkable 75:23, 78:21, 174:16. Drinking 7:25, 8:2, 8:4, 8:9, 8:20, 13:11, 17:11,

19:11, 19:14, 21:12, 21:23, 23:18, 23:25, 24:4,34:7, 34:9, 34:15, 50:16, 96:21, 97:9, 97:11, 97:12,97:15, 98:3, 98:25, 99:16, 100:10, 100:19, 100:20,141:10, 142:4, 154:9, 154:11, 156:14, 184:10,187:3.

drinking-water 25:22. driving 113:5. drop 74:25. droughts 34:23. drove 95:25. drug 53:11. drums 150:13. dry 62:20, 70:2, 71:6, 85:20, 85:21.ducks 85:5. dug 70:1, 84:16, 85:7, 86:2, 86:9.dugouts 85:22. Duke 35:10. dump 136:5, 136:7, 137:14, 154:1, 154:6.dumped 71:10, 87:14, 154:4, 154:5. dumps 125:16. duration 84:16. During 5:17, 5:21, 5:25, 15:20, 16:5, 44:3, 52:12,

53:6, 79:5, 83:18, 118:18, 173:8, 186:11, 186:24.dust 32:17, 176:8. duty 67:19, 191:19, 192:19, 193:18, 193:19.dying 91:10, 94:5, 158:2, 174:7.


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dynamic 142:23. . . < E >. ear 78:20. EARL 145:13, 145:15, 147:15, 147:17.earlier 36:23, 50:6, 62:24. early 16:15, 41:20, 41:21, 42:25, 69:23, 186:12. earn 132:6. Earth 75:8, 77:15, 104:10, 104:19, 104:24, 105:7,

105:9, 105:19, 105:22, 111:24, 115:7, 115:11,123:17, 123:25, 156:1, 163:21, 191:9, 195:18.

easiest 37:23. easily 105:13, 164:25. east 46:16, 65:7, 84:23, 86:9, 92:7, 135:2, 135:17,

136:25. eastern 70:9. eastward 141:21. easy 81:6, 165:2, 172:7. eat 92:10, 146:8, 146:11, 148:16, 158:12, 164:9,

174:24, 174:25, 176:3.eating 179:23, 195:4.economic 44:9, 132:3, 139:12.economist 39:23. edge 70:12, 83:11.Edgemont 1:12, 3:8, 12:4, 30:9, 32:9, 38:5, 38:6,

49:11, 58:1, 60:11, 80:1, 92:7, 96:20, 102:18,117:10, 120:5, 122:5, 124:12, 130:14, 130:18,131:15, 131:25, 139:5, 140:22, 142:3, 142:8, 165:13,180:9.

educate 184:9. educated 120:17, 121:20, 150:22, 151:10.education 31:1, 41:7, 121:10, 151:11.educational 30:13. educator 182:9, 182:12, 183:13, 184:8. EDWARD 88:1, 88:2, 88:5, 91:16. effect 51:3, 150:25.Effects 9:23, 9:24, 106:5, 136:15, 160:4, 161:19. effort 100:4. efforts 97:25. eight 10:6, 103:17, 130:7.Eileen 134:9, 134:10. either 7:7, 24:10, 35:5, 106:1, 119:23, 138:8, 156:6,

156:7, 192:2.elder 166:2. elected 132:14. element 26:12, 160:21, 167:20.elements 13:17, 67:9, 160:12, 169:25. eleven 61:22. eleven-page 32:19.


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eliminate 97:22, 98:8.eliminating 97:18. elites 187:16. eloquence 96:10. elsewhere 132:7. Elyana 2:4, 116:20. emblem 89:2, 89:3. emergency 63:20. emit 13:17. emotion 28:20, 32:1, 105:1, 107:21, 134:5.emotional 31:19, 46:14, 55:13, 71:14, 71:15, 110:11,

110:13, 165:20, 176:19, 176:20.emotions 43:13. emphasize 26:22, 132:25. employee 197:19. emptiness 105:6. encased 187:9. encourage 43:15, 44:7, 119:18. encroach 40:13, 40:17, 40:22, 57:24, 60:5.encroaching 40:1, 60:10, 193:24. end 5:7, 48:4, 48:19, 90:7, 150:6, 164:14, 174:13,

194:22. endangers 64:9. endometrial 75:11. endured 169:10. energies 114:20, 115:10. Energy 33:2, 34:14, 47:20, 71:22, 158:15, 158:16,

177:24. enforcement 42:12. engage 5:16. engineer 30:7, 41:16.engineering 31:2, 102:19, 124:4, 132:6, 165:20. Engineers 33:20, 120:16, 121:19, 124:3, 141:14,

143:17, 144:14, 144:18, 144:22, 163:10.Englebert 138:25, 139:1, 139:2, 140:10. Englewood 96:15. English 51:23, 109:19, 110:2. enjoy 52:12, 115:12, 120:25.enjoyed 52:24. enough 22:24, 48:19, 86:16, 109:11, 133:5, 161:25.enslave 110:18. enslaved 108:20. ensure 2:9, 73:2, 94:21.entered 6:23. enters 52:9. entertaining 28:15, 38:3. entire 50:17, 52:19, 100:3, 138:20, 141:23, 184:7.entirety 81:1. entities 67:9. entity 106:7.


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Environment 10:22, 38:13, 79:11, 79:15, 130:24,143:25, 172:19, 178:15.

Environmental 2:5, 7:9, 9:22, 39:2, 39:5, 39:14, 40:5,40:10, 40:13, 42:13, 50:19, 56:14, 72:7, 74:4, 97:4,100:6, 116:21, 119:25, 125:8, 140:22, 142:10, 158:5,170:20, 178:14, 182:18.

environmentalist 184:25. environmentalists 39:20. EPA 2:9, 2:17, 3:4, 3:16, 6:9, 6:13, 9:12, 9:20, 15:3,

21:24, 34:9, 43:15, 79:10, 79:12, 88:5, 96:25, 97:8,97:13, 97:25, 98:4, 98:9, 98:15, 98:21, 99:9, 99:12,99:13, 100:5, 100:13, 100:22, 108:3, 117:6, 117:16,119:2, 119:6, 126:10, 128:18, 129:8, 135:4, 141:9,159:14, 160:3, 166:10, 167:2, 168:10, 173:6, 178:5,178:12.

ephemeral 141:12. Epsom 87:6. equal 161:15, 161:16, 161:18, 190:4.equally 151:15. equipment 63:21. equipping 90:15. errors 92:21. escaped 56:20. especially 38:14. essential 77:6. establish 20:7. established 38:25. establishes 20:17. estimated 32:20. et 42:16, 42:20.Europeanism 183:10. evacuate 64:4. evacuated 184:4, 184:7. Evans 36:13. evaporation 64:1, 68:11. evening 116:18, 116:24, 117:2, 133:11. events 106:3. eventually 13:15, 26:10, 85:12, 86:4, 137:14, 164:4. everybody 2:9, 28:9, 56:9, 72:23, 77:12, 88:4, 104:7,

111:22, 114:25, 149:5, 153:8, 158:9, 168:22, 175:6,176:14.

everyday 59:1, 134:1. Everyone 2:2, 4:19, 5:1, 5:7, 7:13, 27:9, 29:21,

33:24, 95:20, 101:17, 102:3, 102:4, 106:20, 116:18,118:11, 121:2, 130:16, 137:4, 138:23, 146:2, 161:20,179:4.

Everything 43:9, 57:23, 67:7, 74:7, 79:3, 81:20,113:14, 114:1, 115:2, 124:8, 126:24, 135:23, 136:16,137:10, 147:2, 154:22, 163:11, 164:24, 165:18,185:9, 189:11.


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everywhere 49:23, 83:5, 83:6, 83:7, 93:15, 179:12. evidence 17:25, 79:5, 79:6, 97:24, 155:22, 168:24,

181:22, 184:5.evidenced 73:12. evidently 124:5. exact 137:25. exactly 49:17, 150:3, 190:10. example 45:10, 45:25, 142:3, 142:6.examples 33:14, 93:7. except 44:20, 139:12, 141:13, 180:16.exception 121:22. exceptions 131:17. excursions 129:7. Excuse 3:6, 44:2, 53:15, 95:16, 95:17, 104:2, 143:16,

179:18, 181:12.exempt 8:23, 9:14, 96:23, 97:8, 97:20, 128:11.exempted 129:7, 141:10.EXEMPTION 1:4, 3:17, 3:20, 5:23, 7:5, 9:13, 12:23,

14:5, 14:6, 19:10, 19:13, 19:17, 20:5, 35:21, 96:18,97:14, 97:17, 97:23, 98:22, 99:15, 100:8, 117:17,117:20, 119:21, 125:1, 128:9.

exemptions 34:10, 34:13, 64:14, 97:3. exerts 143:7. exist 106:6, 166:23.existence 139:19. exists 45:12, 151:11. Expect 16:11, 25:11, 25:14, 26:12, 110:15, 131:21,

158:22. expectations 43:12. expected 26:9, 26:20.expecting 10:7, 104:19.experience 30:14, 62:1, 94:14, 111:16.experiences 92:18, 92:19. experiment 35:17, 35:18, 61:10.experiments 35:10. expert 111:14. experts 32:23, 58:24, 72:11, 141:6. expired 127:23. expires 197:33. explain 4:3, 4:6, 5:14, 7:17, 7:19, 12:21, 118:17.explained 35:5. explaining 10:1, 132:2, 174:12. explains 111:23. exploration 17:17. expose 170:8. exposed 68:17, 143:11, 158:13, 162:9. exposure 13:23, 159:18, 160:4, 160:13, 161:12, 162:4,

163:13. expression 106:5. extensive 45:24.


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extent 14:5, 55:19. extra 18:6, 18:13.extract 62:12. extracted 62:23. extraction 64:9. extremely 63:1. eye 88:21, 89:24. eyes 156:25. . . < F >. F. 96:15. face 179:20. faces 106:11, 107:1.facility 40:11. facility. 39:3, 39:6. facing 168:12. fact 42:4, 47:2, 54:11, 72:21, 93:22, 99:8, 100:8,

148:25, 156:17, 183:22, 184:6, 186:5.factor 183:21. facts 31:25, 72:11, 77:18, 100:13, 155:16, 156:1,

156:15, 156:16.fade 24:17. fail 106:7. failed 53:22, 53:23.failing 171:12. fails 140:23. failures 92:20, 171:7, 171:8. fair 4:19, 111:12. Fall 11:16, 14:4, 22:16, 44:10.fallout 32:17, 35:1. false 107:20. familiar 56:22, 107:1, 112:7, 139:15. families 88:24, 108:5, 133:24, 137:19, 191:6. family 30:18, 52:18, 61:21, 62:5, 66:9, 86:5, 130:15,

130:24, 132:13, 138:21, 139:3, 139:23, 156:25,180:13, 192:7.

fancy 124:15. far 38:17, 42:22, 43:4, 43:11, 55:9, 59:22, 64:10,

121:4, 140:3, 150:25, 185:23.farmers 36:8. farther 23:12. fascist 74:10. fast 55:24. faster 35:7. fat 60:4. father 114:3. father-in-law 70:23. fault 18:1. faults 143:3.


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favor 29:8, 29:10, 29:15, 29:17, 29:22, 50:11, 50:13,63:3, 121:21.

fear 31:25. fearful 31:21. fears 183:25. Feasibility 144:24. feathers 89:10. fed 99:25. Federal 43:1, 126:17, 126:18, 166:18, 166:22, 166:23,

167:2, 167:5, 167:7, 167:22, 170:24, 187:16.feed 164:13. feel 26:25, 31:15, 79:13, 79:14, 82:22, 95:20, 106:23,

153:14, 154:16, 165:11, 173:9, 173:19, 173:21,174:7, 177:3, 177:19, 178:15, 181:1, 185:15, 194:13,194:24.

feels 154:15. feet 12:24, 14:9, 35:3, 86:2, 134:25. felt 56:8, 180:21. FEMA 90:12, 90:14. few 28:25, 32:13, 42:10, 72:9, 73:16, 81:3, 86:8,

93:9, 94:13, 122:23, 130:19, 131:17, 163:4.fewer 8:10. field 85:3. fields 64:2. fifth 38:18, 120:9. fight 49:18, 77:2, 78:1, 182:19.fighting 76:21, 78:24, 163:5, 182:20, 182:21. figure 11:13. figured 48:3, 56:8. figures 72:11. filed 57:9. fill 105:6, 164:1.filled 4:13, 4:15, 49:14, 85:19, 86:19, 117:23, 154:9,

163:23. fills 125:21. Final 5:22, 7:4, 10:10, 15:3, 19:9, 26:21, 40:23,

47:14, 73:6, 119:20, 119:25, 144:18, 144:22, 189:2.finalize 133:2. finalized 140:1. finally 20:3, 113:12, 162:12, 162:17. finance 140:18. financial 197:20. find 5:3, 19:15, 43:20, 81:15, 82:17, 87:8, 115:3,

118:8, 132:7, 153:3, 157:24, 158:15, 176:4.finding 168:3. fine 56:5, 131:3.finest 156:4. finish 5:11, 5:12, 54:18, 118:13, 126:6, 149:11,

177:19. finished 10:25.


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finishing 118:15. finite 59:12. fire 104:17. fired 91:18. Fires 74:22. First 3:24, 7:22, 9:2, 27:24, 32:10, 33:2, 38:24,

39:23, 41:8, 50:5, 57:9, 57:15, 59:4, 59:11, 73:10,80:9, 83:15, 85:8, 89:3, 90:6, 102:8, 111:16, 120:3,127:2, 155:8, 166:17, 167:9, 173:7.

firsthand 31:16, 73:8, 83:15. fish 92:9, 92:10, 138:11, 174:24, 175:1, 176:3. five 3:22, 4:20, 4:22, 5:9, 27:16, 90:16, 94:1, 94:7,

101:9, 118:1, 118:4, 120:7, 127:22, 127:25, 128:2,187:25.

fix 114:15. fixed 114:23. flat 83:10, 188:8.flaws 35:3. flesh 49:13. Flint 103:14. floods 192:6. flow 12:8, 15:18, 16:1, 19:3, 26:18, 60:13, 141:2,

141:12, 141:21, 142:12, 142:15, 142:19, 143:1,143:2, 143:12, 143:18.

Flower 49:3. flowing 16:2, 17:2. flows 23:2, 26:17, 60:14. flu 169:12. fluid 12:17. fluids 3:15, 8:22, 9:8, 9:10, 11:8, 11:11, 15:12,

16:9, 18:8, 26:9, 26:15, 101:3, 117:15.flush 64:8. Flute 74:15, 74:16, 74:19, 76:10, 76:11, 76:12,

76:14. focusing 185:2. folks 2:12, 5:10, 29:14, 38:1, 44:3, 51:23, 64:22,

82:13, 103:24, 116:24, 178:19, 182:4, 182:6.follow 100:5, 145:14.followed 41:7, 52:23, 88:12.following 163:3. food 68:3, 68:8, 77:7, 148:15, 158:12.foolproof 55:16. foot 84:17. forage 105:24. forbidden 115:15, 115:18, 115:24. forbids 34:8. Force 54:22, 73:13, 83:21, 91:3.forced 66:5, 66:23, 190:21, 190:22.forcing 73:14. foregoing 197:14.


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foremost 155:9, 155:11. foresaw 53:17. forget 161:7. forgive 36:21, 105:22. forgot 15:24, 65:1.forgotten 106:1. form 54:8, 87:6, 160:19.formal 63:12, 116:23.Formally 110:23. formation 22:5, 23:16. former 131:14, 140:17, 140:18, 144:16, 144:20. forms 169:9, 185:1. Fort 57:17. forth 50:10, 50:20.fortunate 121:11. forward 33:16, 73:22, 132:3, 132:11, 140:4, 196:3,

196:4. fossil 158:18. fought 52:4. found 7:3, 10:14, 34:18, 49:15, 58:9, 80:20, 122:13,

122:17, 179:19, 179:23.fountain 143:9. four 11:19, 38:17, 49:22, 58:9, 61:21, 75:17, 118:2,

174:25, 178:22.four-legged 49:19, 50:1. fracture 18:1. fractures 45:21, 45:22. free 60:23, 144:2.freedom 52:19, 66:25, 170:1, 170:3, 194:18. freeze 36:22. French 74:25. fresh 35:13, 49:13, 138:9.Friday 27:12. friend 68:4, 124:11, 134:21.friends 50:1, 134:20. front 22:22, 23:24, 24:1, 49:11, 171:16. fruit 68:6, 115:15, 115:17, 115:18, 115:24.fruits 67:7, 68:2. fuel 39:9, 39:14, 39:17.fuels 158:18. Fukushima 58:7, 58:20, 75:7, 103:16. fulfill 167:14. fulfilled 105:1. fulfilling 193:19, 193:24. full 11:10, 41:24, 87:16, 179:13, 194:1.full-blooded 65:8. full-blown 40:5. Fuller 33:13. fully 150:22. funding 158:16, 187:15.


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future 38:11, 59:22, 60:7, 64:10, 74:6, 75:4, 76:5,76:7, 76:8, 76:18, 76:21, 77:19, 78:24, 79:1, 79:15,97:11, 97:15, 97:19, 97:20, 100:9, 100:20, 145:16,151:13, 153:21, 155:14, 157:3, 182:14, 183:11,184:9.

.

. < G >. gallons 14:22, 128:25. GARDNER 44:15, 44:16, 48:15. gas 13:20, 21:17, 24:10, 24:11, 24:22, 25:3, 140:19.gather 67:6, 68:2, 68:8, 150:6, 150:13, 152:7, 152:12,

169:21. gathered 68:5. Gathering 51:18, 51:25. gave 34:10, 41:6, 73:9, 129:12, 154:10.gazillions 174:4. GB 144:12. General 28:7, 28:11, 45:11, 66:10.generation 54:24, 55:1, 120:9, 150:22, 151:2, 151:9,

157:22. generational 55:25. generations 61:4, 74:6, 75:5, 97:6, 145:17, 183:10. genetically 56:1. genocide 73:10, 156:8, 156:18, 169:8.gentleman 113:6, 114:21. genuine 73:25. geochemistry 31:17. geologic 17:7, 21:5, 22:4.Geological 41:16, 100:16. geologist 41:17. geologists 146:20. geology 15:7. George 32:15, 80:14, 81:5.geothermal 115:9. gets 44:8, 87:10, 119:14, 123:25, 190:25.getting 47:22, 48:10, 86:1, 107:3, 107:4, 107:5,

107:13, 108:17, 108:25, 109:13, 146:15, 161:11.Gila 168:1. girls 123:10. give 6:17, 7:16, 27:9, 51:16, 52:14, 58:14, 60:25,

64:6, 65:1, 86:15, 109:1, 119:8, 176:18.given 5:10, 53:2, 54:23, 75:20, 147:6, 166:10. gives 12:10, 103:3.giving 127:14. glad 121:3. glasses 80:8. global 109:19, 109:23. glow 123:7. go- 178:1.


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God 89:24, 180:12.gold 51:1, 89:3, 145:25, 174:2.goodness 110:8. gotten 152:21. govern 77:24. governed 170:4. governing 182:25. government 28:21, 32:23, 39:24, 53:22, 59:2, 73:20,

79:1, 106:14, 112:16, 166:18, 166:22, 183:25,194:9.

governments 60:23. grab 49:8, 172:7.grabbed 115:16. graduating 139:5. gram 161:2, 161:4.Grand 83:11. grandchildren 61:3, 61:22, 79:21, 180:22, 181:16,

185:13. grandfather 88:6, 88:7, 114:3. grandkids 121:24. Grandma 130:11, 130:14.grandmas 65:9, 67:5, 169:13, 169:18, 171:21, 194:19.Grandmother 59:3, 75:2, 104:18, 104:23, 105:8,

105:21. grandpa 130:12, 130:13.grandparents 65:14. grandpas 169:18. grant 110:18, 110:19, 110:21, 110:24, 156:6.granted 155:19. granting 32:4, 79:12, 156:7. graph 188:5. grass 46:19, 70:15, 85:5, 85:23.grasslands 38:8. gravity 115:6. Gray 44:15, 44:16, 48:15, 48:23.Great 40:19, 49:4, 52:21, 53:2, 54:25, 55:3, 139:8,

150:8, 152:2, 152:16, 177:12, 190:6, 191:10,191:12.

great-grandchild 59:9. great-grandchildren 61:23. great-grandfather 114:4, 133:15. great-grandkids 114:4. great-grandmother 59:4, 59:5, 59:8. greater 35:12, 150:25. greed 104:24, 105:5, 105:23, 156:3.greed-driven 135:13, 136:10. greedy 123:20. green 12:23, 14:3. greet 74:18. Greetings 56:13.


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grew 32:10, 38:5, 69:21, 78:9, 85:5, 89:17, 102:18,120:8, 127:18, 182:16.

grid 12:11, 12:19.Grimes 63:6, 63:7. grind 62:14. Groom 96:24. gross 13:9, 13:12, 159:16, 159:17, 160:17.ground 25:9, 62:17, 64:13, 70:1, 77:14, 87:16, 102:23,

109:1, 115:13, 115:19, 115:25, 135:24, 144:8, 172:6,179:16.

groundwater 8:8, 11:6, 12:15, 13:3, 15:23, 16:1,16:23, 16:24, 17:2, 19:3, 19:8, 25:5, 25:8, 25:14,35:2, 35:14, 63:18, 133:25, 142:25, 143:4, 143:23.

group 9:15, 35:2, 89:8, 98:7, 98:11, 100:7, 100:9,121:13.

grow 80:1, 105:8, 113:11, 173:25, 175:14, 183:17.Growing 46:19, 70:15, 70:16, 85:5. grown 180:15. grows 113:10. growth 113:19, 173:23.guarantee 48:18, 48:19, 125:4, 175:23. guardians 167:2. guess 9:1, 14:7, 31:23, 36:16, 37:6, 65:23, 87:22,

110:16, 147:17, 154:1.guests 78:13, 112:11, 112:13.Guidance 20:16. guidelines 170:24. guilt 194:14. guinea 32:22. guy 113:1, 176:21. guys 31:13, 46:12, 66:17, 69:8, 77:4, 78:13, 79:13,

106:25, 107:2, 107:3, 107:14, 114:8, 116:4, 134:13,138:22, 145:24, 146:3, 146:16, 148:18, 149:2, 149:7,157:2, 172:3, 176:15, 177:13, 183:2.

.

. < H >. hagh 195:4, 195:10.hagh. 195:2. hair 52:15, 53:5. half 154:16, 154:17, 168:7, 187:3.hallway 127:11. hamburgers 146:8. Hampshire 34:4. hand 5:4, 118:9, 157:3.handle 175:16. handled 144:10. hands-on 43:7. Hanford 58:6, 58:21, 79:4, 184:3. hang 172:14, 172:15.


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hangman 172:16. happen 71:4, 71:5, 85:14, 91:5, 92:1, 102:19, 105:10,

124:1, 124:12, 128:14, 130:25, 136:14, 137:20,143:22, 145:21.

happened 58:6, 91:7, 91:8, 91:24, 114:6, 123:12,123:24, 134:18, 136:9, 136:24, 136:25, 137:2,137:16, 155:23, 187:8, 187:12.

happening 56:7, 79:3, 106:2, 185:16, 188:21. happens 74:1, 110:16, 128:23, 129:5, 135:22, 136:3,

136:11. happiness 105:9. happy 52:11, 52:24, 151:23, 153:6, 181:14, 181:15.harassment 83:22. hard 6:12, 18:22, 119:5, 145:14, 181:10, 188:10.Harding 180:7, 180:8, 181:24. harm 180:22. harmless 35:20. Harney 66:6, 66:7, 66:10. hate 146:11, 187:9. hats 107:15. hau 78:4. hay 85:3, 85:23.hazardous 9:9, 22:3, 63:19, 64:3, 64:11. head 89:3, 89:8, 90:2.heading 167:16. heads 174:24, 174:25.healing 69:7. health 32:24, 38:9, 38:10, 38:13, 157:4, 161:19. heap 41:22. hear 7:19, 13:22, 27:5, 27:15, 27:18, 28:4, 28:8,

28:9, 29:14, 30:12, 38:19, 56:12, 72:15, 83:15,94:4, 96:9, 109:5, 149:15, 155:16, 157:10, 160:5.

heard 17:18, 30:10, 31:18, 36:9, 36:12, 38:17, 49:23,50:7, 50:8, 50:9, 58:5, 72:10, 83:4, 91:17, 113:6,114:21, 116:25, 127:16, 145:15, 145:24, 150:19,154:4, 160:8, 175:24, 188:11.

HEARING 1:1, 2:7, 4:7, 5:18, 5:19, 5:21, 5:25, 6:1,6:14, 7:14, 14:21, 27:14, 28:25, 29:6, 63:13, 72:9,78:11, 80:12, 83:14, 88:5, 118:18, 118:19, 127:2,127:19, 127:20, 127:25, 128:13, 132:24, 146:4,166:8, 173:6, 196:13.

hearings 3:23, 3:25, 4:2, 7:6, 27:17, 37:16, 49:23,79:5, 119:19, 119:22, 128:21, 128:22, 171:4, 196:6.

heart 28:13, 36:20, 57:23, 74:19, 96:8, 110:9, 113:25,133:13, 154:22, 163:9, 167:16, 169:13, 184:25.

heartbeat 53:7, 150:18.heartbreaking 160:5. hearts 158:11, 183:3. heaven 37:22. heavily 45:2, 45:4.


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heavy 22:24. held 3:23, 29:1, 52:6, 127:4.Helen 122:3, 122:4, 125:24, 126:6, 128:15. hell 51:12. Hello 104:7, 106:20, 134:10, 139:1, 147:23, 149:10,

168:20, 179:4.help 37:17, 40:19, 75:4, 86:2, 94:19, 94:21, 95:9,

130:1. helpful 6:19, 119:10.Hemisphere 89:12. Henderson 29:1. hereby 197:12. hereditary 75:13. Hermosa 140:19. hiccup 43:22, 43:23, 44:1, 55:21, 58:5, 58:6, 58:7. hiding 63:17, 106:9. high 13:4, 13:9, 23:10, 25:8, 25:10, 25:19, 43:13,

122:7, 143:5, 161:17, 162:12, 162:20, 162:21.high-pressure 23:1, 23:4, 25:7. high-tech 151:6, 151:16. higher 143:20, 160:25, 170:25.highest 53:10, 66:14, 72:25. highly 143:3. Hiha 76:15. hill 81:3. Hills 44:24, 45:8, 46:4, 46:8, 50:17, 50:25, 51:9,

57:22, 65:15, 65:19, 67:3, 73:2, 81:7, 91:23, 141:4,142:1, 142:24, 143:15, 143:19, 143:20, 144:5,144:16, 144:20, 144:23, 145:22, 147:18, 155:10,171:20, 172:3, 172:8, 179:12, 179:15, 183:7, 189:19,190:6, 191:11, 191:14, 194:8, 197:28.

hired 31:5. historic 17:17, 17:24, 21:16, 34:23.historically 97:9, 98:12. history 65:2, 81:22, 82:5, 82:12, 82:16, 82:24,

104:15, 157:23, 157:25, 186:17.hit 193:13. hobby 28:1, 28:7, 28:10. hold 27:13, 51:22, 84:3, 84:20, 90:16.holders 167:23. holding 89:4, 125:21. hole 84:14, 84:16, 84:17, 84:21, 85:7, 86:9, 129:3.holes 17:17, 18:2, 58:13, 71:10, 84:20, 85:1, 86:18,

87:12, 87:19, 90:24, 179:11, 179:13.Hollenbeck 125:13, 129:10, 129:18, 129:19, 129:20,

131:11, 153:13, 174:11, 188:16, 188:25.Home 59:17, 60:14, 61:7, 61:8, 64:5, 67:24, 78:14,

78:18, 79:17, 99:2, 99:4, 114:9, 124:21, 124:22,134:20, 152:19, 156:24, 160:10, 162:8, 166:9, 172:1,180:17, 180:19, 180:24.


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homelands 56:18. homes 60:7, 108:5, 148:13.Homestake 41:10, 86:25.homesteaded 133:14. hometown 180:15, 186:10. honest 78:20. honestly 55:15, 79:17, 182:13, 183:16. Honor 37:13, 47:3, 51:18, 51:25, 73:20, 152:8, 152:10,

191:6. honored 52:5. honors 132:21. Hoop 188:24, 191:15.hoops 140:2, 188:17, 188:20. hope 29:23, 31:23, 37:5, 38:1, 130:20, 133:2.hopefully 10:9. horizontal 16:13, 16:20.horizontally 15:12. Horse 39:19, 57:18, 92:8.horses 121:1. Hospital 91:11. host 131:15. hosting 38:3. Hot 4:2, 23:13, 23:17, 23:19, 24:8, 26:2, 36:4, 39:19,

69:4, 87:22, 124:22, 134:12, 139:10, 146:5, 169:4.hour 4:10. hours 38:16, 39:11. House 68:18, 85:24, 129:11, 180:24, 192:11, 192:13,

192:14. huge 55:13, 104:25, 144:10, 181:9, 183:20, 185:7.Human 8:10, 13:18, 75:2, 77:5, 79:25, 92:21, 98:13,

99:8, 113:22, 173:15, 176:25, 191:4.human-being 107:19. humanity 74:5. humans 35:24, 164:9, 164:14. humble 105:17, 192:21.hundred 136:8. hundreds 33:9, 55:23, 62:6, 62:7, 112:4. hunger 104:25. Hunkpapa 49:4, 52:1, 111:10, 113:23, 148:3. hunt 66:8, 148:15, 172:13, 191:21.Hunter 129:18, 129:19.Huntsville 144:21. hurt 137:18. husband 72:19. husbands 70:8. hydraulic 45:11, 46:5, 143:3.hydraulically 45:20. hydrogeology 31:17. hydrologic 17:8, 21:5.hydrologist 31:6, 46:9.


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hydrology 15:7, 31:9, 44:25, 46:8.hysterectomy 70:22. . . < I >. ice 153:3. icons 82:8. idea 12:10, 72:12, 138:17, 138:19.identify 17:21, 161:9. idiotic 56:4. Igloo 90:21. Ignorance 53:16, 156:3. ignorant 155:15. ignore 34:11, 99:10.ignored 35:5. ignoring 104:15. III 3:10, 3:18, 8:16, 9:3, 9:13, 9:16, 17:9, 17:13,

96:22, 100:24, 117:11, 117:18, 124:24.illegal 155:9. illuminous 123:11. imagine 41:21. immediately 44:20, 70:14, 74:8. immemorial 59:21. immigrants 172:4. Impact 40:5, 40:7, 140:22, 185:10, 191:1.impacted 125:1. impacting 142:21. impacts 39:2, 39:5, 39:14, 40:10, 40:13.impaired 168:4. imperative 139:18. impermeably 46:1. implement 146:6. implemented 20:19. implementing 18:20. importance 26:22. important 21:9, 111:20, 111:21, 142:14, 149:13, 175:8,

178:14, 185:5, 185:7.impress 58:25. In-situ 3:11, 3:14, 8:17, 9:4, 34:6, 41:18, 42:2,

42:4, 56:23, 96:19, 100:2, 100:14, 100:18, 117:12,117:15, 121:17, 128:18, 128:24, 131:2, 131:19,170:23, 172:19.

in. 11:24, 67:1, 116:3, 190:24.inadequate 54:15. Inc. 3:7, 117:8.inches 125:19. incite 173:14. include 3:10, 17:14, 117:11.included 6:7, 97:22, 119:1, 132:24.including 6:10, 93:1, 119:3, 146:2, 167:7.


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income 30:23, 62:5, 101:6.Incorporated 56:24. increase 75:25. increased 13:22, 35:16, 142:7, 168:4.increasing 159:12. incredibly 185:5. Independent 68:20. India 146:25, 166:5.Indian 85:16, 147:5, 150:8, 151:17, 151:18, 166:13,

167:7, 167:8, 167:12, 167:20, 172:14, 179:7,186:15.

Indians 166:4. indicate 17:25. indicated 35:3. Indigenous 48:25, 60:22, 61:13, 74:16, 75:1, 76:12,

78:7, 80:3, 88:2, 92:2, 104:5, 105:11, 106:16,106:21, 112:2, 145:10, 155:3, 156:20, 158:8, 159:2,179:17.

indirectly 35:23. industrial 34:8. industries 34:3, 93:1, 93:6, 97:3. industry 42:14, 42:16, 58:16, 62:8, 93:2, 107:11,

107:12, 109:7, 140:20, 159:8, 177:23.infancy 42:1. inflicting 156:8. influence 74:8, 142:23. inform 177:2. information 7:12, 15:16, 43:17, 124:6. informed 60:23, 99:18, 174:20, 175:3.infrastructure 131:22. Ingrid 63:6. inject 8:19, 9:8, 12:14.injectate 8:14, 17:4, 17:11, 21:8, 22:2, 26:8, 26:14. injected 9:10, 14:13, 42:24, 141:18.injecting 9:17, 15:5, 34:8. Injection 1:3, 2:16, 2:19, 3:5, 3:7, 3:11, 3:13, 7:23,

8:3, 8:13, 8:15, 9:4, 9:7, 9:17, 9:25, 11:9, 12:1,12:12, 12:13, 14:13, 15:13, 16:9, 17:1, 17:10,20:22, 21:6, 21:11, 21:24, 21:25, 22:6, 22:8, 26:19,63:17, 100:24, 101:2, 117:7, 117:8, 117:12, 117:14,141:8.

injection/recovery 16:19. injustice 182:21. Inn 29:5. innocent 122:21. input 5:20, 27:3.insensitivity 33:1, 33:16. inside 13:21, 15:12, 18:2, 19:23, 133:16, 163:24.instance 36:7, 50:25. instead 165:2.


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instilled 105:18. Instructions 7:2, 54:25. insult 65:22. insulting 66:4. integrity 24:25, 74:3.intellectual 169:14, 169:15. intelligent 89:14, 163:10. intensified 160:15. interactions 141:2, 142:25. interest 28:17, 30:15, 94:16, 95:3, 95:5, 108:2,

197:20. interested 117:3. interesting 22:20, 41:19, 121:14. interests 108:1. interests. 51:24. internet 6:12, 119:5, 166:9.interpolicy 166:3. interrupt 5:5, 94:12.interrupted 187:7. interval 17:1. intervenors 187:7. interview. 34:4. introduce 2:11, 81:25, 111:5. intruding 186:6. Investigation 144:24. investigative 126:12. investing 178:1. invitation 10:5. involved 31:3, 42:19, 43:15, 181:19.Involvement 3:2, 3:3. Inyan 9:5, 9:15, 11:23, 12:15, 13:2, 13:3, 13:25,

15:1, 22:16, 35:2, 66:13, 69:6, 96:24, 97:7, 98:7,98:11, 99:14, 100:7, 100:8, 124:25.

iron 13:5. irradiation 47:24. irrational 46:14. irrelevant 81:17. Irrigation 85:19, 168:1, 168:5. IRS 126:22. Isaiah 36:2, 36:3, 101:13, 101:14, 163:17, 163:18. ISL 46:24, 47:1, 47:5, 140:21.ISLA 145:6, 145:9.Island 89:22. isolate 25:13. ISR 8:22, 9:8, 11:7, 14:11, 18:4, 19:12, 26:9, 34:19,

93:1, 133:19.issue 5:6, 10:10, 15:3, 26:23, 27:20, 35:7, 40:23,

46:15, 47:9, 72:24, 87:12, 97:7, 99:21, 109:19,109:23, 109:24, 110:13, 118:10, 127:4, 128:1, 136:1,137:3, 159:10, 168:10.


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issued 3:4, 7:4, 8:25, 10:20, 28:24, 34:9, 34:13,117:6, 119:20.

issues 72:17, 72:20, 134:21, 138:13, 141:25. it'll 56:4, 62:16, 130:5.iterative 19:25. itself 96:25, 175:19. . . < J >. Jacque 27:19. Jacqueline 197:11, 197:25. jail 126:24. James 1:10. JANIE 71:19, 71:21, 72:2. Japan 75:7, 91:24.Japanese 122:24. JARVIS 140:11, 140:12, 140:13, 140:15, 140:16, 140:17,

145:1, 145:3.jealous 82:17. jeopardize 50:13, 50:16, 139:22. Jersey 134:17, 135:10, 136:6, 136:7. Jesus 88:15. Jim 63:7, 132:19, 132:20. job 27:5, 31:5, 62:6, 77:8, 82:20, 108:23, 125:8,

130:4, 151:10.jobs 33:18, 36:6, 36:7, 36:19, 60:7, 130:21, 132:10,

132:12, 140:4, 173:22, 177:25, 186:14, 187:11.John 33:12, 133:8, 133:12. join 41:11. joint 18:1, 97:24.journalist 168:8. journey 192:24. joy 152:17. Judaism 82:10. Judge 8:25. judges 127:7, 128:3.judgment 181:20. JUDICIAL 2:1, 2:5, 27:22, 28:2, 29:24, 32:5, 35:25,

37:8, 41:1, 44:2, 44:13, 48:22, 54:1, 54:5, 55:5,56:10, 60:16, 61:14, 63:4, 64:15, 64:21, 69:13,71:16, 71:19, 74:13, 76:9, 78:5, 80:4, 80:7, 84:7,84:10, 87:24, 91:13, 92:3, 94:11, 95:12, 95:16,101:8, 101:11, 102:15, 103:22, 106:17, 111:2,115:20, 116:9, 116:17, 116:20, 122:1, 125:22, 126:2,129:15, 131:10, 133:7, 134:7, 138:24, 140:9, 140:14,144:25, 145:4, 145:11, 147:12, 147:16, 147:20,149:8, 152:25, 153:22, 154:12, 154:19, 154:23,158:19, 158:24, 162:22, 163:15, 165:4, 165:22,168:17, 173:1, 173:3, 178:18, 179:2, 180:4, 181:23,184:12, 184:14, 185:25, 187:17, 187:21, 187:23,


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188:2, 189:3, 189:10, 195:21.Judy 69:15, 69:16, 69:18. jugs 154:9. jump 140:2, 188:17, 188:20, 188:24, 188:25.jurisdictional 141:16. Justice 9:22, 39:25, 72:7, 182:11. . . < K >. K. 66:7, 197:11, 197:25.Kara 9:5, 9:15, 11:23, 12:15, 13:2, 13:3, 13:25, 15:1,

22:17, 35:2, 66:13, 69:6, 96:24, 97:7, 98:7, 98:11,99:14, 100:7, 100:8, 124:25.

Kathleen 95:22, 95:23, 96:6, 96:15, 101:10, 140:11,140:12, 140:13, 140:16, 140:17, 145:3, 158:25,159:1, 162:25, 184:13, 184:16.

Kazakhstan 103:8. Keene 34:4. Keep 16:19, 64:13, 68:9, 83:14, 112:18, 169:2, 170:1,

170:21, 171:19, 191:17, 191:18, 193:16, 194:20,194:25.

keeps 146:2. Keith 30:1, 30:6.Kelsey 92:5, 92:6, 92:7, 94:9, 94:13, 95:13.Kenneth 165:6, 165:7, 165:8. kid 86:15. kidney 69:5. kids 56:1, 114:2, 114:5, 114:18, 114:19, 121:13,

121:24, 130:20, 132:5, 180:18, 181:7, 181:9,187:14.

KILE 63:8, 63:9, 64:16, 185:25, 186:2, 187:17, 187:19,187:21, 187:22.

kill 75:15, 114:24, 178:3.killed 52:6, 88:14, 122:22.killing 75:9, 158:18. kills 114:22. kind 7:17, 14:11, 24:7, 37:1, 40:24, 48:16, 54:17,

88:8, 102:5, 107:1, 107:7, 107:15, 107:16, 123:25,129:5, 146:19, 151:10, 163:23, 173:8, 174:18, 175:2,176:19, 176:20, 177:6, 186:7, 194:5.

kindness 105:11, 153:7. kinds 28:13, 31:24, 115:9, 123:5, 123:12, 124:7,

124:15, 174:6, 177:25.Knee 179:6. knocked 126:23. Knowledge 31:16, 31:25, 96:10, 151:14, 151:16, 169:14,

169:15, 169:17, 181:21.known 85:17. knows 123:18, 130:19.Koopman 41:3, 41:4, 44:4, 44:14.


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Kootenai 168:9. Kurt 37:10, 37:11. . . < L >. Labeling 146:7, 146:9. Lake 32:25, 85:4, 85:12, 86:11.Lakota 22:15, 49:5, 52:2, 53:4, 53:24, 55:4, 56:16,

56:17, 58:2, 59:11, 59:18, 59:19, 65:8, 73:3, 73:19,74:23, 81:7, 81:8, 83:1, 89:21, 111:10, 112:1,113:23, 145:20, 146:7, 152:16, 155:2, 155:10,172:22, 172:23, 172:25.

Lakota-dakota 78:14, 78:17, 183:8. Land 11:2, 11:7, 28:14, 46:22, 51:22, 57:19, 57:21,

65:10, 66:2, 66:3, 66:21, 66:22, 67:9, 67:10, 67:14,72:7, 73:1, 73:11, 73:14, 73:19, 74:2, 79:7, 80:2,81:7, 83:18, 84:4, 102:8, 102:10, 109:21, 109:22,112:4, 112:15, 112:17, 112:22, 113:15, 120:11,120:13, 125:13, 126:11, 126:20, 130:24, 130:25,141:7, 143:5, 145:19, 145:20, 148:24, 156:21,163:20, 165:16, 167:12, 172:2, 172:6, 172:7, 175:17,179:10, 179:11, 186:18, 189:16, 189:19, 191:2.

landfills 162:18. landowner 50:11. landowners 29:20, 39:22, 50:10, 50:14, 50:18. lands 73:2, 106:8, 148:14, 167:7.landscape 143:5. language 63:14, 67:17, 78:16, 111:5, 183:9, 189:22.language. 49:1, 61:13, 74:17, 76:13, 78:8, 80:3, 88:3,

92:2, 104:6, 106:16, 145:10, 155:3, 179:17.Laramie 57:17. Large 46:3, 50:23, 142:16, 142:20, 142:21.large-scale 10:23, 39:10, 39:15. larger 44:20. largest 45:3. Last 3:22, 34:12, 49:22, 56:8, 68:19, 72:9, 96:13,

99:17, 111:8, 112:10, 114:7, 148:20, 151:24, 178:22,182:18, 194:5, 195:24.

lasted 122:8, 187:3.lasting 34:23. late 30:22, 56:7, 69:22, 69:23.later 86:8, 124:20, 136:13, 138:14, 163:1, 186:24.laughed 162:6. laughing 195:7. launder 13:14. law 34:12, 40:4, 99:7, 166:24, 167:1.laws 73:1, 100:6.lawsuits 33:19. layers 87:7, 87:8, 88:23, 91:2. layout 12:11.


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leach 41:22, 56:23, 62:14, 128:18, 128:24, 170:23,172:20.

lead 55:2, 56:25.leader 52:22. leaders 53:25, 54:10.leadership 53:21, 54:9, 54:15, 54:17, 152:11, 186:9. leak 58:9, 75:7, 128:23, 171:11.leakage 21:2. leaked 58:8, 58:10, 129:1, 129:3, 129:4.leaking 17:22. leaks 68:12, 75:22, 124:1, 156:10. leap 152:17. learn 124:8, 131:4, 151:11, 159:9.learned 69:10, 72:10, 83:4, 92:24, 93:9, 93:11, 93:18,

93:23, 94:14, 94:25, 95:5, 131:1, 159:9, 159:13.learning 72:16, 72:19, 174:9. leasing 28:14. least 34:15, 81:16, 81:17, 85:4, 98:17, 102:6, 127:22,

146:9, 174:16.Leave 6:18, 6:22, 95:19, 114:10, 119:13, 179:16,

192:9. leaving 194:23. led 104:23. left 4:21, 6:3, 41:9, 66:9, 69:25, 87:14, 97:5, 118:3,

118:21, 126:21, 149:11, 155:24, 187:25.leftovers 176:1. legacy 97:5. legal 167:24. Leigh 104:4, 104:5, 104:7, 106:18.length 81:5. lenses 35:4. less 141:5, 143:15, 144:6, 164:2.lethal 64:7. letter 10:5, 87:19, 104:8.letting 131:7. level 16:7, 25:8, 161:16, 161:17, 162:4, 162:19,

162:20, 163:12, 183:15.levels 13:9, 25:5, 25:11, 25:14, 25:15, 68:19, 142:15,

142:25, 159:11, 162:11, 162:14.Lewisite 144:13. liars 74:10. license 10:21, 57:1, 63:22.licensed 30:7. licensing 39:3, 39:6, 40:11. lie 47:21. lies 11:15, 19:11, 126:1. life 52:12, 52:20, 52:25, 61:18, 93:22, 108:12,

108:17, 111:23, 122:22, 125:5, 134:1, 134:2, 139:4,139:19, 145:24, 149:23, 151:14, 164:12, 164:13,164:14, 169:24, 180:16, 185:1.


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life-giver 75:3. lifestyle 53:8. lifetime 122:15, 136:24, 138:16. lifted 4:23. light 62:10. lightly 82:14. likely 139:12, 144:1. likes 80:24. limestone 23:14. limit 4:19, 20:9, 142:10. Linda 120:3, 120:4. line 12:20, 12:23, 15:17, 19:21, 20:2, 23:22, 60:1,

60:2, 90:8.lines 90:6, 90:7.linguistics 182:11. Lisa 2:23. list 33:13, 44:17, 159:15.listen 3:19, 32:3, 53:18, 117:19, 138:22, 183:2,

195:11. listened 120:16. listening 61:12, 81:14, 124:3, 128:2, 151:17, 151:18. liter 8:11, 21:15, 21:19, 21:22, 142:9, 142:11, 161:2,

161:6. literally 157:2, 182:18.literature 125:25, 149:13. little 4:4, 4:6, 7:11, 7:19, 13:1, 33:4, 48:3, 55:20,

55:21, 56:4, 57:25, 58:1, 60:6, 66:18, 69:25, 70:1,70:3, 70:9, 70:10, 82:13, 82:16, 84:19, 86:17,106:4, 116:11, 123:25, 138:4, 138:5, 139:11, 145:23,148:8, 174:1, 175:20, 177:18, 193:10, 193:15,195:11.

Live 30:9, 38:6, 38:22, 61:11, 63:9, 68:14, 69:18,88:5, 92:7, 92:9, 94:2, 95:9, 95:10, 102:1, 110:3,110:7, 112:18, 113:3, 114:11, 114:12, 115:12, 116:3,116:5, 122:5, 125:6, 130:3, 130:12, 130:15, 133:13,133:16, 133:24, 136:20, 136:21, 136:22, 136:23,139:2, 139:9, 140:7, 148:12, 148:14, 151:22, 152:4,152:5, 158:5, 158:14, 168:25, 171:14, 176:16,180:25, 181:3, 181:14, 185:12, 185:13, 194:6.

lived 30:19, 32:13, 61:17, 70:8, 70:19, 103:13,121:21, 138:9, 165:14, 180:9, 180:16, 189:20.

livelihood 38:11, 134:1.livelihoods 133:25. lives 54:7, 54:23, 55:23, 68:5, 68:15, 68:16, 101:24,

121:9, 130:14, 134:22, 151:20, 151:23, 191:24,192:7, 192:14.

livestock 86:14, 98:13, 99:6. living 32:9, 58:21, 75:9, 75:21, 137:8, 150:14,

160:10, 162:8.lixiviant 12:14, 14:12.


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lixiviate 143:23. loads 135:1. local 29:15, 49:8, 97:6, 109:20, 109:24, 109:25,

139:13, 154:1, 154:5, 174:20, 175:2.locals 155:17. located 11:24, 12:24, 13:8, 17:19, 18:2, 21:11, 96:19,

133:19, 141:4, 144:5.location 19:18, 21:18.locations 11:25, 46:6. LOCKE 78:6, 78:7, 182:9. logs 17:24, 24:13, 24:18, 25:1. long 30:5, 34:23, 90:6, 90:7, 90:8, 111:7, 112:17,

112:21, 123:17, 130:2, 137:21, 140:3, 148:20,191:16, 193:22.

long-term 142:17. longer 54:17, 105:10, 106:6.longest-lived 26:11. Look 16:4, 18:12, 18:24, 22:13, 25:23, 33:23, 43:16,

46:10, 51:23, 53:20, 59:16, 66:25, 79:18, 89:1,89:25, 90:2, 90:5, 93:23, 107:21, 111:13, 112:15,113:3, 113:4, 113:8, 114:2, 114:5, 115:14, 132:3,132:11, 135:15, 140:4, 149:18, 152:4, 156:25,168:22, 171:2, 171:15, 177:21, 182:12, 183:16,184:2, 188:5, 195:6.

looked 24:14, 43:4, 49:12, 80:15, 80:19, 81:12,193:14.

looking 24:11, 24:21, 25:1, 25:5, 25:17, 28:21, 42:3,95:2, 156:15, 166:5, 166:6, 195:5.

looks 9:24, 26:4, 28:22, 168:11, 188:6. loop 42:16. lose 46:18, 70:6, 189:25.losing 16:16. loss 53:13, 73:17.losses 33:13. lost 14:7, 15:1, 32:15, 52:11, 52:14, 100:21, 111:25. lot 23:18, 28:19, 30:10, 31:18, 31:20, 37:21, 44:4,

49:21, 55:11, 62:21, 69:10, 70:17, 72:10, 72:19,83:4, 86:25, 91:10, 92:17, 92:18, 92:24, 93:7,93:10, 112:12, 131:1, 132:5, 135:18, 135:19, 136:25,145:15, 147:10, 157:18, 181:17.

Lots 24:16, 36:14, 178:3. loud 150:18. loudly 96:17. love 104:11, 104:12, 130:1.loved 33:7, 76:5. low 25:21, 48:6, 48:13, 48:15, 159:20, 159:21, 159:22,

160:4, 160:22, 161:12, 161:23, 163:13.Lower 14:2, 14:4, 86:1, 143:5, 143:10.lowered 15:21, 16:14.lucrative 113:20.


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lunch 179:19, 179:24. lung 186:23. lungs 13:21, 113:25, 158:11. lying 192:12. Lynne 2:20. . . < M >. machinery 151:16. mad 123:25. Madison 22:9, 22:12, 22:25, 23:1, 23:6, 23:14, 25:6,

25:7, 25:15, 25:24, 26:3, 45:1, 45:13, 46:2.magical 189:23. magnetic 115:5, 115:7. Mahpiya 49:2. main 130:8, 130:22.mainland 83:12. Mainly 102:1, 153:5.maintain 15:22, 39:25, 74:3.maintains 166:22. major 15:15, 17:15, 45:16, 75:17.majority 96:11, 181:6. Man 32:13, 50:4, 76:19, 88:14, 127:16, 165:25,

176:24. Management 11:2. manager 2:15, 129:21, 174:10. mandate 100:6. mandates 100:11. manganese 13:5. manipulate 98:5. mankind 106:14. map 11:12, 12:9, 17:16, 17:19. maps 14:1. margins 75:18. Mark 90:3, 90:17, 102:16, 102:17, 125:12, 129:10,

129:20, 153:14, 188:25, 189:2.market 188:14. married 180:15. Marsland 57:3. Marta 80:5. Martha 80:5, 80:6, 80:10. Martin 80:6, 80:8, 80:9, 80:10, 84:8. Mary 122:3, 122:4, 125:24, 126:6, 128:15. mass 157:12. massacred 147:8. massive 97:4. match 14:1. material 47:19, 62:17, 141:4, 144:5.materials 6:9, 119:2. math 121:12, 121:14.


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matriarch 79:23. Matt 30:2, 30:4, 30:5, 32:7, 32:8, 36:1, 165:24,

165:25, 168:18, 187:25, 188:3, 188:5, 189:4.matter 6:8, 55:16, 72:21, 93:12, 93:14, 93:18, 93:20,

94:1, 102:4, 114:13, 119:1, 146:19, 148:11, 167:16.maximum 14:21. Mayo 75:14. mayor 131:14, 132:19.mayored 154:17. Mcclain-vanderpool 2:23. mean 46:7, 58:6, 65:21, 83:5, 85:6, 87:13, 87:15,

113:11, 155:14, 156:1, 157:11, 159:22, 164:8, 170:8,174:11, 178:6, 185:22.

meaningful 132:7. means 21:13, 47:4, 59:18, 83:25, 84:1, 84:4, 84:5,

93:15, 155:2.meant 65:2. measure 25:13, 48:9, 161:14.measurement 161:10. meat 146:8, 146:10.mechanism 142:14. medicine 54:9, 59:12.medicines 68:3. meet 9:9, 26:20, 48:5, 97:25.meeting 10:9, 166:3.meetings 96:4, 96:13, 99:17. meets 8:23. melted 70:14, 122:23. melts 171:10. MEMBER 43:25, 48:11, 48:13, 71:18, 72:1, 84:9, 94:8,

94:10, 95:14, 96:5, 153:16, 179:18, 179:22, 179:25,180:3, 182:8.

members 5:12, 39:25, 74:21, 118:15, 120:24.Members. 188:1. memorandum 98:4, 98:9, 99:19. memory 152:12. men 51:21, 54:10, 54:14, 57:3, 77:25, 106:9, 173:12.mention 26:6, 45:22, 60:21.mentioned 26:10, 27:7, 44:25, 46:25, 60:20, 146:5. mess 126:21, 155:24. messages 152:1. messed 128:11, 149:4. messenger 150:9. met 10:6, 174:11.metal-contained 143:24. method 63:2, 103:10. mic 96:5, 96:9, 140:15.Michigan 103:14. Mickelson 80:15, 81:6.microphone 4:12, 117:22.


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microphones 133:9. Middle 36:4, 90:6, 100:1.Miengun 55:7, 55:8. migrate 21:7, 22:11.migrated 190:22. migration 17:10, 21:7. MIKE 41:3, 41:4, 44:4. mile 85:9. Miles 30:9, 56:18, 84:23, 86:9, 131:20, 138:25, 139:1,

141:5, 143:16, 144:6.military 89:2. Milk 147:22, 147:23, 148:2. mill 30:24, 61:18, 62:13, 70:23.milligrams 8:11, 21:14, 21:19, 21:22, 142:8, 142:11. million 60:12, 128:25, 156:13.Millions 55:22, 112:3, 138:4. millirem 161:13. mind 38:24, 39:7.mind-numbing 33:14. minds 158:11. Mine 10:23, 34:10, 42:20, 47:1, 47:5, 56:24, 57:2,

57:3, 62:18, 62:20, 68:18, 101:21, 101:22, 106:3,113:12, 126:9, 133:17, 140:21, 155:23, 164:17,169:2, 170:13, 173:24, 176:7, 178:2, 179:9, 187:8.

mined 87:1, 177:9.mineral 8:17, 23:7, 28:14.mineralization 24:2. minerals 41:23. Mines 30:22, 33:9, 41:8, 41:20, 58:10, 73:22, 121:12,

146:12, 178:7, 182:14, 182:15.minimize 163:11, 163:12.minimized 162:6. Mining 28:12, 28:16, 29:16, 33:21, 34:6, 34:14, 36:5,

41:21, 43:24, 46:24, 47:11, 50:12, 50:15, 58:19,61:2, 62:11, 64:9, 69:12, 69:19, 69:24, 72:3, 76:1,100:14, 100:18, 100:25, 101:5, 113:7, 113:8, 113:10,113:17, 113:20, 121:7, 121:18, 124:4, 128:19, 131:2,135:14, 165:16, 168:11, 172:5, 172:20, 172:23,176:1, 176:6, 179:14.

Minnelusa 9:11, 21:11, 21:18, 21:21, 22:5, 22:6, 22:8,22:19, 22:23, 23:3, 23:8, 23:10, 23:16, 23:25, 24:3,24:16, 24:19, 24:20, 24:25, 25:6, 25:10, 25:15,25:24, 26:4, 45:2, 45:7, 45:13, 46:2, 59:17.

Minter 2:14, 37:14. minute 4:21, 14:22, 118:3, 153:1.minutes 4:20, 4:23, 5:9, 60:14, 101:9, 118:1, 118:2,

118:4, 187:25.misconception 120:20. misconstrue 67:13. mishaps 121:7.


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missing 24:18. mission 8:1. Missouri 60:15, 78:9, 141:22, 141:23, 156:13. mistake 105:11. mistakes 124:1. mists 68:12. misunderstood 105:12. Mitakuyepi 56:13. mitigation 100:17. mixing 26:14. Mni 84:9, 145:24.mobilize 12:17. mobilizing 9:18. modern 151:6. Mom 68:16, 130:18, 186:11, 186:22.moment 4:3, 110:5, 185:8. moms 67:22, 71:18.Monday 4:1, 96:2, 121:12.monetary 137:13, 146:1. Money 51:8, 73:17, 88:8, 88:17, 89:25, 108:14, 108:15,

135:11, 135:20, 136:4, 136:11, 137:13, 148:19,148:20, 154:21, 155:18, 164:8, 164:15, 164:16,164:18, 164:23, 164:24, 177:22, 182:23, 182:24,187:15, 194:10, 194:12, 194:13, 194:14, 194:15.

monitor 19:6, 19:19, 63:25, 171:5, 171:6, 171:9,171:11.

monitored 16:22, 138:12.monitoring 12:21, 12:25, 14:9, 16:5, 16:12, 16:22,

17:20, 18:3, 18:7, 18:13, 18:21, 18:22, 19:5, 19:18,19:21, 20:2, 20:12, 20:14, 42:8.

monitors 192:3. Montana 168:9. months 103:17, 120:8, 183:24, 186:24.moribund 34:1. morning 80:15, 194:22, 195:1. Mostly 82:4, 106:24, 108:24, 110:6, 110:14, 159:14. Mother 56:19, 59:3, 75:2, 77:15, 105:3, 105:6, 115:11,

123:17, 123:25, 160:16.MOUNTAIN 111:3, 111:4, 111:9, 115:21, 115:22, 116:10,

173:4, 173:5. mourn 52:8. mourned 52:21. mourning 52:10, 52:13, 52:23, 150:5. mouth 37:12, 47:22, 193:15.mouthing 44:4. move 19:13, 20:1, 147:10, 151:4, 151:5, 152:15, 196:3,

196:4. moved 29:11, 30:18, 35:1, 46:23, 76:25, 120:7.movement 19:7. movie 123:10.


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movies 123:9. moving 17:4, 18:8, 18:14, 150:15. Ms 4:3, 7:10, 7:13, 37:13, 54:1, 55:6, 60:16, 64:16,

69:14, 71:17, 74:14, 76:10, 101:9, 122:2, 125:23,126:3, 129:16, 140:15, 145:1, 153:23, 154:13,154:20, 158:19, 162:23, 163:16, 173:2, 181:24,185:25, 187:17, 187:21, 188:4, 189:5.

Mt 197:29. mucky 85:11, 86:10.multiple 98:10. mumble 36:21. municipal 101:4, 162:18.municipality 160:9, 162:10. munitions 144:10. murder 150:4. murderer 157:12. mustard 144:12. myself 2:8, 38:23, 81:25, 111:5, 140:5, 192:21,

192:22. . . < N >. NAGRPA 78:12. naive 105:22. Najin 56:16. Nakota 74:23, 89:21. name 2:4, 4:18, 30:6, 32:8, 36:3, 37:11, 49:2, 49:3,

55:8, 56:15, 56:16, 61:16, 63:9, 65:6, 76:14, 80:11,86:4, 88:5, 92:6, 104:7, 111:9, 116:19, 117:25,120:4, 122:4, 126:5, 129:19, 131:14, 133:12, 134:10,139:1, 140:12, 140:16, 148:2, 155:1, 158:6, 165:8,179:5, 184:15, 186:1, 186:2, 195:18.

named 59:20, 66:6, 66:11, 88:14. names 32:17, 124:16, 191:3. NANCY 63:8, 63:9, 186:2, 187:19, 187:22.Nation 49:5, 53:1, 53:14, 53:23, 55:3, 55:4, 58:3,

58:4, 59:13, 74:23, 81:8, 90:13, 105:13, 149:17,149:24, 150:7, 151:3, 151:12, 152:8, 152:16, 189:21,190:8, 190:25.

national 170:4. nationalities 181:11. Nations 60:21, 61:5, 72:25, 150:9, 150:12, 189:20,

191:20, 192:18.nationwide 34:14. Native 60:24, 76:16, 89:21, 168:7, 182:10.Natural 10:22, 49:16, 107:23, 120:25, 121:5, 160:19,

169:20, 169:24, 179:15.Naturally 13:3, 13:4, 160:12. nature 28:16, 104:13. near 3:8, 23:19, 26:2, 28:13, 32:22, 92:9, 96:19,


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117:9, 130:16, 140:22, 142:20, 165:16.nearby 58:21, 132:12, 140:5.Nebraska 3:24, 30:8, 46:21, 56:21, 56:22, 59:25,

63:10, 63:11, 165:17, 170:19, 186:4.necessarily 43:1, 44:19. need 11:11, 28:2, 36:8, 36:11, 43:18, 51:15, 60:17,

61:5, 77:6, 88:8, 91:14, 115:12, 118:5, 130:4,145:1, 145:20, 147:13, 155:10, 155:13, 156:15,158:14, 162:23, 164:11, 165:1, 166:1, 173:16,173:17, 178:11, 178:13, 179:13, 189:6.

needed 126:14. needs 34:1, 91:5, 95:20, 137:4, 138:12, 182:5.negotiated 57:17. neighbor 64:12, 85:9.neighbors 29:7, 40:17. neither 69:12, 197:18. Nemo 139:9. nephews 74:21. New 17:24, 34:4, 53:22, 54:24, 55:1, 57:1, 57:2,

75:12, 134:17, 135:10, 136:6, 136:7, 140:2, 150:16,150:22, 151:2, 151:9, 152:2, 152:13.

News 32:25. Newton 2:20. Next 22:18, 30:4, 37:12, 47:21, 64:24, 84:10, 95:22,

104:4, 113:1, 126:15, 145:6, 145:13, 147:22.nice 56:9, 60:7, 66:17, 139:25.nicest 85:25. night 68:19, 79:17. nine 61:22, 125:19, 183:10, 183:24, 186:24.Ninth 168:2. No. 51:7, 83:25, 84:1, 84:4, 84:5, 110:23, 125:5.Nobody 71:11, 112:17, 112:22, 137:20.non-transmissibility 45:17. none 129:2, 180:12. nor 5:15, 118:17, 184:6, 197:19.North 57:2, 75:1, 85:9, 132:8.northeast 23:23, 74:20. Northern 56:19, 89:12.northwest 30:9, 131:20. Notary 197:32. note 194:22. notes 34:7. Nothing 97:1, 103:18, 106:7, 113:18, 151:7, 160:7,

175:13, 194:16.notice 5:15, 10:15, 10:16, 107:3, 147:1.noticed 175:10, 177:6, 177:12.November 59:4. nowhere 56:5, 147:9, 195:3. NRC 34:1, 40:8, 40:16, 47:12, 48:5, 127:24, 127:25,

128:9, 128:21, 146:4, 171:4.


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Nuclear 10:19, 18:19, 32:17, 32:21, 33:3, 33:10,33:13, 33:22, 35:1, 35:21, 38:24, 39:9, 70:11,71:22, 100:23, 102:19, 127:17, 134:19, 135:6,188:13, 188:15, 188:22.

number 15:6, 27:7, 69:16, 90:1, 136:13, 161:25. numerous 17:6, 21:4, 45:21, 45:22, 46:3, 120:15. . . < O >. O'connor 129:17, 147:21. oath 67:19, 191:19, 192:18.Obama 33:25. objecting 28:19. objections 44:5. oblige 153:6. observation 107:22. observed 143:13, 143:14. obtained 150:1. obvious 93:10. Obviously 55:10, 110:10. occupied 89:11. occur 19:7, 26:9, 143:18.occurred 85:8, 104:14.occurring 13:3, 64:3, 160:12. occurs 143:2. ocean 75:8, 75:9, 91:25. Oceti 74:22, 81:9.Oelrichs 169:19. offend 185:18, 185:20. offer 69:3. offered 41:10. offers 28:15. Office 2:16, 2:24, 3:2, 6:13, 119:6, 131:25, 132:14.OFFICER 2:1, 2:5, 27:22, 28:2, 29:24, 32:5, 35:25,

37:8, 41:1, 44:2, 44:13, 48:22, 54:1, 54:5, 55:5,56:10, 60:16, 61:14, 63:4, 64:15, 64:21, 69:13,71:16, 71:19, 74:13, 76:9, 78:5, 80:4, 80:7, 84:7,84:10, 87:24, 91:13, 92:3, 94:11, 95:12, 95:16,101:8, 101:11, 102:15, 103:22, 106:17, 111:2,115:20, 116:9, 116:17, 116:21, 122:1, 125:22, 126:2,129:15, 131:10, 133:7, 134:7, 138:24, 140:9, 140:14,140:18, 144:25, 145:4, 145:11, 147:12, 147:16,147:20, 149:8, 152:25, 153:22, 154:12, 154:19,154:23, 158:19, 158:24, 162:22, 163:15, 165:4,165:22, 168:17, 170:18, 173:1, 173:3, 178:18, 179:2,180:4, 181:23, 184:12, 184:14, 185:25, 187:17,187:21, 187:23, 188:2, 189:3, 189:10, 195:21.

offices 61:8. official 132:14. officials 59:2, 91:17.


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often 161:20, 167:6.Ogallala 45:10. Oglala 56:17, 61:1, 65:7, 65:8, 65:9, 67:6, 68:1,

68:16, 68:25, 88:6, 168:21, 169:19, 186:13, 187:6,187:10, 187:12, 189:13.

Ohliger 134:9, 134:10, 134:11. oil 21:16, 24:10, 24:11, 24:22, 25:3, 51:2, 63:14,

77:13, 121:2, 135:5, 140:19, 154:2.Okay 27:22, 36:22, 41:25, 56:12, 60:19, 64:21, 64:25,

65:5, 84:14, 91:16, 113:8, 115:2, 129:18, 137:17,138:15, 147:15, 149:12, 153:2, 153:25, 162:25,165:18, 175:4, 175:19, 182:7, 187:25, 189:9, 190:24,195:19.

old 47:6, 48:10, 62:11, 68:18, 70:21, 73:22, 83:10,120:8, 129:22, 151:23, 165:15, 193:21.

older 195:16. olive 89:5. olives 89:6. Once 7:4, 14:6, 17:5, 18:17, 21:20, 40:24, 43:22,

43:23, 46:7, 104:20, 119:20, 150:1, 153:6, 158:22.One 2:10, 2:13, 4:21, 9:21, 10:19, 27:14, 29:3, 29:7,

29:9, 29:10, 36:15, 38:24, 40:1, 42:10, 43:3, 43:11,43:19, 45:3, 45:5, 52:8, 52:14, 52:18, 54:22, 55:14,56:8, 57:3, 57:16, 62:1, 62:9, 84:19, 85:2, 85:24,86:2, 87:13, 90:13, 93:9, 93:11, 94:1, 94:6, 94:25,95:24, 96:8, 98:17, 99:17, 101:16, 101:23, 101:25,102:5, 105:19, 106:3, 110:8, 110:9, 114:21, 118:3,121:17, 122:8, 122:17, 124:23, 128:4, 129:3, 133:16,147:4, 150:7, 150:21, 152:7, 152:14, 158:10, 163:4,163:5, 164:5, 164:19, 165:25, 184:18, 186:25,188:11, 190:2, 192:12, 196:7.

one. 37:23, 39:22, 52:11, 151:5, 152:15, 179:1. ones 17:15, 42:25, 57:10, 73:4, 76:6, 88:14, 158:1.ongoing 32:24, 33:15, 101:6. online 80:19. open 3:21, 36:6, 78:20, 86:18, 87:12, 87:18, 132:1,

178:6, 178:7.opened 131:25. openings 45:23. operate 127:24, 172:24.operated 127:22. operating 62:10, 130:5. operation 16:10, 34:19, 43:24, 45:17, 63:2, 94:22.operations 11:3, 11:4, 172:24. operators 34:11. opinion 43:4, 131:8, 136:10, 177:2, 184:6, 185:20.opinions 46:10, 156:15, 173:11.opponents 139:9. opportunity 5:2, 37:14, 80:13, 118:12, 133:11, 139:14,

139:20, 140:6, 165:8.


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oppose 96:17, 107:7, 179:9.opposed 46:13, 121:17.opposite 155:17. opposition 55:10, 102:21, 103:19. optimum 42:21. option 188:12. oral 7:7, 119:23.order 4:19, 12:16, 13:6, 16:19, 17:3, 26:23, 98:7,

126:20, 143:18.ordered 32:21. Ordnance 143:24, 144:15, 144:20. ore 9:18, 11:22, 11:23, 14:14, 14:19, 18:11, 62:12.ore-bearing 15:13. Oregonian 32:20. organic 129:24. Origin 53:21, 82:18, 146:7, 146:9, 189:15, 191:8.original 50:18, 50:21, 65:19, 67:14, 72:6, 82:1,

82:18. originally 134:16. originate 143:19. Oscar 86:8. osmosis 13:7. Others 40:21, 43:15, 81:9, 106:10, 132:8, 153:5,

161:22. otherwise 163:10, 197:21. Otton 34:17. ourselves 55:2, 104:17. outcome 197:21. outcrop 22:23, 23:12. outfit 46:21. outlet 26:18. outline 11:22. outside 12:20, 12:24, 13:4, 13:19, 14:9, 19:11, 39:21,

45:9, 81:3, 83:10, 124:25, 134:22, 134:24, 136:3,173:9, 179:19, 184:19, 188:12, 188:15, 188:18,188:22.

over-exert 192:22. overburden 22:23, 23:5. overcome 22:24. overlying 16:5, 16:21, 35:13, 143:6. overpower 165:20. oversee 77:24. oversight 42:6. Overview 166:14. owe 191:18, 191:19, 192:18. Owl 76:15. own 28:14, 46:10, 51:24, 52:15, 53:14, 53:15, 74:4,

74:5, 78:16, 78:25, 98:2, 100:5, 109:21, 109:22,112:14, 112:19, 112:22, 150:24, 183:9.

own. 40:2.


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owned 56:24, 154:16. owners 39:17. owns 112:17. oxidant-charged 143:22. oxidants 144:2. oxygen 12:16, 14:20. Oyate 74:20, 104:8, 106:15.Oyster 134:19. . . < P >. p.m. 1:8, 64:20, 116:16, 117:21, 196:14.Pacific 91:25. packing 195:8. page 35:9, 80:20, 80:21, 81:12, 167:15. Paha 51:9. paid 33:20, 50:6, 107:3, 107:4, 107:5, 107:13, 108:17,

109:13, 110:9, 110:10, 120:21, 120:23, 125:6,147:5.

pain 193:7. paint 123:10, 163:22, 164:2.painted 163:22. paints 163:23. Pamp 55:7, 55:8.pamphlets 124:23. pancreatic 70:24. panel 5:13, 118:16. paper 35:6, 106:11. papers 59:16, 77:17, 127:11.paperwork 61:8, 61:9. Paragraph 166:18, 167:16. parasites 138:11. parents 130:9. Park 36:14, 36:16, 140:18, 171:22.parks 170:5. parliamentary 112:20. Part 6:6, 42:5, 42:6, 42:8, 45:16, 57:4, 78:10, 81:1,

83:23, 97:19, 118:25, 139:3, 157:25, 174:12, 175:4.participated 7:6, 119:22. particles 142:6, 142:9.particular 99:25, 160:8, 162:10, 167:5. parties 197:19. partly 107:17. partner 84:1. Pass 12:6, 60:13, 63:18, 143:21, 171:24, 172:12.passed 85:13, 86:5, 132:16, 132:20, 169:14.passion 96:7. passionate 180:25. past 30:12, 53:24, 101:4, 104:16, 128:16.patience 37:15, 106:22.


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pattern 12:12. Pause. 182:2. pay 30:25, 51:7, 110:17, 112:25.paying 54:15, 112:18.payroll 58:18. peace 57:16. Peak 66:6, 66:14.Pederson 122:3, 122:4, 122:5, 125:23, 125:24, 126:3.PENNINGTON 197:7. People 27:15, 28:19, 29:15, 29:16, 30:10, 31:11,

31:18, 31:21, 36:14, 36:19, 37:20, 38:21, 47:7,49:24, 52:7, 52:19, 52:21, 53:7, 53:10, 53:13,53:15, 53:19, 53:24, 54:7, 54:14, 54:17, 54:23,55:22, 57:21, 58:20, 58:21, 59:1, 59:11, 59:16,59:20, 60:3, 60:9, 60:12, 60:22, 62:7, 65:19, 67:14,68:25, 70:17, 71:9, 71:24, 72:4, 72:6, 73:3, 73:10,73:15, 76:4, 77:4, 77:11, 77:23, 78:15, 79:8, 79:14,80:17, 81:18, 82:18, 82:21, 83:17, 84:3, 87:1,88:10, 89:21, 92:16, 92:25, 93:2, 93:11, 93:25,94:7, 94:17, 94:19, 94:23, 95:9, 95:18, 96:11,102:10, 105:12, 105:15, 106:12, 106:21, 107:6,107:10, 107:19, 108:4, 108:6, 108:7, 108:8, 109:6,109:12, 109:16, 109:20, 110:8, 110:9, 110:11,110:17, 111:19, 111:21, 112:1, 112:2, 118:1, 120:16,120:22, 121:17, 122:21, 122:25, 123:8, 123:15,123:20, 124:2, 126:10, 127:6, 130:17, 130:20, 131:3,132:12, 133:16, 135:1, 136:10, 136:15, 136:18,136:20, 137:9, 137:16, 138:4, 145:16, 145:20, 146:7,147:4, 147:5, 149:14, 149:22, 150:7, 150:18, 151:9,151:24, 152:1, 152:3, 152:18, 152:24, 153:4, 153:19,153:24, 155:15, 156:9, 156:13, 156:17, 157:5, 158:9,161:21, 162:13, 163:1, 178:4, 178:10, 181:2, 181:5,181:19, 183:3, 184:18, 186:17, 187:10, 187:11,188:18, 189:15, 190:16, 190:18, 190:21, 192:10,193:4.

peoples 60:24, 159:2. Per 8:11, 14:22, 21:14, 21:19, 21:22, 35:3, 98:9,

99:17, 100:15, 142:9, 142:11, 161:2, 161:4, 161:5.percent 14:24, 78:21, 124:13, 124:19, 162:5, 175:22,

184:5. percentage 14:24. perennial 141:13. perfect 27:2, 58:18, 104:20.perfectly 71:25. Perhaps 82:16. perimeter 12:21, 12:25, 14:9, 16:12, 17:20, 18:2. period 3:21, 27:7, 27:10, 58:23, 119:16, 186:11,

186:25, 196:8.Perli 197:11, 197:25.permanently 98:23, 100:21.


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permeability 45:24. permeable 143:4. permission 34:11. permit 3:11, 3:13, 3:18, 7:20, 9:3, 9:6, 9:14, 9:25,

10:10, 10:24, 11:5, 11:6, 11:14, 15:3, 17:1, 17:13,18:17, 19:12, 20:8, 22:1, 24:24, 26:24, 27:21,31:14, 58:12, 58:15, 62:22, 96:23, 117:12, 117:14,117:18, 124:24, 127:23, 128:1, 133:17, 155:19,156:6, 156:24, 183:20.

PERMITS 1:3, 3:6, 3:10, 3:20, 5:23, 7:4, 9:1, 9:3,17:9, 26:23, 28:23, 32:4, 40:23, 79:13, 110:19,110:20, 110:24, 117:8, 117:11, 117:20, 119:20,134:5, 139:25, 141:10, 141:14, 155:12, 196:5.

permitted 11:9. permitting 42:19, 44:8, 187:8.persistently 105:19. person 46:14, 75:1, 80:24, 83:2, 83:25, 88:12, 94:4,

94:5, 101:23, 102:1, 102:5, 111:12, 122:21, 124:17,149:4, 149:6, 162:2, 163:3, 176:24, 178:12.

personal 30:14, 74:5, 133:1, 184:22.Personally 132:11, 135:12, 185:23.perspective 185:22. Peterson 126:4, 126:5, 129:16. petition 29:9, 29:18. phosgene 144:13. photographer 33:7. pick 14:14, 37:23, 49:7, 124:23.picked 193:14. picking 33:11. picocuries 161:1, 161:2, 161:4, 161:5. picture 44:21, 91:2, 106:4.pictures 124:10, 125:15. pigs 32:22. piled 84:18, 176:9. pin 129:3. Pine 56:17, 91:11, 139:10, 179:7. Pipe 54:10, 150:10, 150:11.pipeline 83:9. pipelines 182:15. pipes 43:8, 129:4.pissed 85:10. pit 68:18. place 28:12, 57:14, 62:16, 73:1, 73:6, 73:25, 82:2,

82:18, 83:15, 86:6, 86:16, 86:17, 104:21, 106:21,136:18, 146:24, 164:20.

places 13:5, 36:18, 181:2.placing 35:11, 35:21. plagues 106:8. plaintiff 56:25. Plan 11:2, 11:4, 18:21, 18:22, 18:24, 130:2, 144:23.


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planning 106:9. plans 42:20. plant 14:17, 70:11, 70:18, 134:19, 134:22, 135:6,

159:11, 162:14, 177:24.plants 36:11, 61:5, 67:7, 101:4, 136:15, 148:16,

169:21. Please 4:15, 4:17, 4:25, 5:2, 5:5, 6:17, 28:3, 54:5,

60:18, 63:11, 91:15, 94:11, 95:17, 117:24, 119:8,145:13, 147:14, 157:6, 157:15, 157:16, 158:6,158:22, 162:24, 178:23, 184:14, 186:1, 195:19,196:11.

plug 84:21. plugged 17:16, 25:3.plumbing 142:24. PLUME 56:11, 56:12, 56:16, 60:17, 60:19.Plunge 36:13. plus 144:12. plutonium 51:2. point 5:3, 43:5, 66:14, 113:20, 128:16, 130:22,

174:22. point. 55:16, 116:14, 118:8. points 39:13, 44:23. poison 36:9, 43:25, 44:1, 102:22, 103:13, 157:15,

157:16. poisoned 103:15, 174:22, 176:11, 176:14.poisoning 102:24, 114:13, 176:2. poisonous 64:1, 64:11, 187:2. poked 84:20. police 52:2. polite 40:25. political 107:17. pollutants 134:18. pollute 34:15. polluted 70:16. pollution 136:9. pond 64:1. ponds 26:7, 26:16, 26:18, 68:11, 71:6, 125:21. poor 153:13. pop 63:16. population 161:21. porosity 45:24. porous 35:4. portion 8:6, 8:23, 9:14, 98:19.portions 9:15, 34:15, 96:24, 97:7, 98:7, 98:11,

99:14. pose 35:13. position 54:12, 112:16.possibility 4:9. possible 15:22, 35:3, 140:1. possibly 16:16, 27:16, 82:11, 175:5.


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64

post-restoration 18:21, 18:22. potential 46:3, 83:25, 142:22.Potentially 35:15. pour 41:23. poverty 53:11, 187:11. power 39:9, 39:10, 39:11, 39:15, 70:11, 70:18, 74:7,

88:17, 115:1, 115:2, 115:7, 157:3, 157:4.powerful 193:4. Powertech 3:7, 15:4, 17:16, 18:20, 19:4, 19:17, 21:9,

25:12, 32:4, 40:3, 48:5, 50:6, 57:4, 60:8, 62:16,98:5, 98:23, 98:25, 117:8, 127:11, 129:21, 131:18,131:24, 140:2, 141:6, 143:13.

practices 42:4. prairie 64:2, 85:20. pray 104:13, 105:19, 170:5, 194:17.precedent 97:18, 97:21. precious 105:25, 137:4, 145:25, 180:23.precipitation 68:22. preclude 39:2, 39:5, 40:10. prefer 110:7. preferred 89:17. Preliminary 78:11, 144:15, 144:19. premise 109:12. prepared 40:4, 40:6, 160:2, 161:7, 165:9. prepares 6:20. preparing 6:4, 118:22, 119:10. preschool 139:4. present-day 53:21. presentation 7:17. presentations 120:15. presented 159:4. presenting 132:21, 159:5.preservation 170:18. President 87:19. presiding 2:7. press 62:13. pressure 22:24, 25:11, 143:7.pressurizing 86:20. prestigious 183:14. pretty 29:19, 30:20, 36:13, 36:15, 43:2, 45:10, 77:3,

77:8, 87:10, 138:18, 160:16, 163:24, 164:12, 164:15,165:14, 181:10.

prevent 39:25. Previous 25:3, 134:12, 138:20, 146:12.previously 121:6. price 54:15, 188:6. pride 152:13. priest 37:17. primary 141:25, 142:4. printed 32:20, 106:11.


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prior 60:23, 183:10.prisoner 56:20. pristine 135:8, 146:24. private 183:14, 187:19.privilege 65:23, 65:25. Pro 148:6, 155:18.probably 20:6, 24:22, 37:25, 41:14, 42:10, 42:21,

50:6, 69:22, 76:16, 84:25, 108:4, 180:11.problem 55:17, 55:25, 86:23, 142:12.problems 32:24, 33:13, 53:20, 92:19, 92:22, 92:23,

141:2. proceed 44:7. proceeding 6:4, 118:22, 139:16, 196:14, 197:15.Proceedings 35:9, 197:12. process 3:14, 10:1, 10:3, 10:8, 10:11, 11:1, 14:12,

15:2, 16:23, 19:25, 26:23, 38:21, 117:2, 117:15,121:20, 128:24, 131:2, 174:10, 175:4, 175:19.

processes 121:18. processing 14:16, 160:23. producing 86:17. production 12:13, 12:18, 14:16, 42:7. products 121:2. Professional 30:7, 41:17, 197:11, 197:27.professionals 93:5, 95:1, 95:6. profit 73:16, 109:2.profiting 171:19. profits 156:20. profound 159:1. program 7:23, 7:24, 7:25, 8:13, 20:19, 96:21, 170:22,

170:23, 172:20.programmed 106:11. project 3:24, 4:4, 28:12, 28:20, 29:9, 29:10, 29:17,

30:11, 31:6, 31:16, 31:17, 31:19, 38:6, 38:12,38:22, 40:16, 40:23, 42:20, 43:11, 55:11, 62:3,72:13, 72:14, 73:12, 73:16, 73:21, 74:8, 77:22,109:11, 120:14, 121:25, 129:13, 129:23, 129:25,131:16, 131:19, 131:23, 132:2, 132:18, 132:23,133:2, 133:5, 133:19, 133:23, 134:3, 139:7, 139:15,139:21, 139:24, 140:21, 141:1, 141:9, 141:17,143:14, 143:21, 144:7, 181:17.

projects 41:19, 42:18. promise 184:10. promised 98:23. promoting 97:3. pronounce 160:1. proof 114:14, 114:15, 137:21, 168:24.propaganda 165:20, 176:22, 176:25, 177:4. properly 154:7. properties 30:21. property 28:18, 30:15, 31:10, 39:16, 39:18, 39:21,


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40:2, 40:14, 40:18, 40:22, 61:20, 139:16, 169:15,187:20.

prophesy 193:23. proposal 5:15, 5:17, 97:23, 98:23, 118:17, 143:14. propose 26:24, 141:6.PROPOSED 1:4, 4:5, 10:23, 11:5, 11:19, 11:20, 11:25,

14:5, 14:8, 18:20, 34:25, 42:21, 96:17, 97:14,99:14, 131:18, 139:6, 140:21, 170:8.

proposes 97:8. proposing 3:16, 9:12, 117:16.Propublica 34:5. pros 148:4. protect 8:1, 53:23, 54:22, 67:19, 75:4, 75:20, 79:1,

79:10, 79:14, 82:23, 93:2, 94:23, 111:22, 116:6,125:9, 126:21, 168:16, 172:18, 177:16, 178:15,193:22.

protected 46:1. protecting 92:16, 92:24, 94:17, 97:19. Protection 2:6, 2:16, 50:20, 56:14, 57:8, 74:4, 92:13,

92:15, 94:15, 98:8, 100:6, 100:11, 116:21, 125:8,142:10, 158:5, 167:24, 170:20, 178:14, 188:21.

protective 20:23, 26:25, 38:13. protects 22:14. protesting 183:24. proud 53:1. prove 122:20, 123:13, 162:7, 163:7.proved 122:24. Proven 20:20, 96:25, 148:25, 163:12.provide 7:11, 15:15, 34:22, 98:24, 119:9, 119:12.provided 62:6, 67:8, 104:10, 195:24.providing 117:4. Provo 69:18. Public 1:1, 2:24, 3:21, 6:11, 7:14, 8:6, 8:8, 10:15,

10:16, 10:25, 26:22, 27:10, 27:14, 27:17, 58:23,68:11, 119:4, 135:16, 197:32.

publicly 100:4. published 34:17, 35:11. pull 28:9, 41:24, 115:6.pulled 14:13, 49:8.pulling 160:11, 160:19, 160:24. pump 15:16, 15:20, 15:23, 16:6, 18:25, 20:13, 62:19.pumping 14:21, 16:18, 85:11, 86:10. punch 58:13. punctured 143:12. purchases 136:4. pure 87:8, 184:5.purify 146:22. purpose 5:19, 8:15, 9:18, 167:14.purposely 171:20. purposes 137:13, 167:19.


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pushed 23:6, 105:13, 176:10, 188:10. Put 19:5, 37:12, 41:23, 45:6, 47:22, 62:24, 77:21,

80:8, 83:13, 85:23, 90:11, 112:6, 123:4, 125:5,126:24, 135:23, 135:24, 136:2, 168:22, 180:1,181:2.

Putnam 133:8, 133:12, 134:8. puts 169:24. putting 26:15. pyramid 88:21. . . < Q >. qualified 33:23. Quality 13:2, 23:19, 23:24, 23:25, 25:22, 134:2,

141:24, 141:25, 142:4, 167:17, 167:19, 167:24,168:11, 168:16.

quantity 8:8. Question 15:9, 108:17, 188:9.questioning 107:6, 121:16. questions 2:12, 5:13, 5:24, 71:11, 94:19, 118:16,

118:18, 167:6.quick 69:17. quickly 13:16, 26:6, 48:4, 49:6, 133:3, 140:1. Quit 86:15, 131:5.quite 70:8, 110:12, 111:15, 123:3. quote 34:1, 34:7, 34:18, 35:13, 35:15, 39:1, 166:15. . . < R >. race 184:7, 190:6, 190:7, 191:10, 191:13.racial 173:13, 173:15, 173:16, 181:5. racism 73:9, 156:4, 156:7, 182:21, 187:9.radiation 13:17, 13:18, 75:8, 75:14, 92:12, 92:15,

92:16, 92:25, 93:2, 93:10, 93:13, 93:15, 94:14,94:18, 94:20, 94:24, 159:21, 160:5, 160:10, 161:10,161:12, 161:15, 162:4, 162:19, 162:20, 163:8.

radioactive 9:9, 13:14, 22:2, 26:8, 26:11, 26:20,47:8, 47:18, 47:19, 47:21, 61:2, 63:17, 101:2,160:12, 160:21.

radioactivity 70:25. radionuclide 160:22. radionuclides 142:6, 159:10, 159:12, 159:15, 159:19,

161:17, 162:21, 163:9.Radium 13:10, 13:13, 13:15, 26:8, 26:11, 47:10, 91:7.radium-226 159:16, 160:17. radon 13:10, 13:13, 13:16, 13:20, 13:22, 13:23, 68:19,

91:7, 102:25, 103:2, 159:16, 160:17.railroad 81:23. Rails-to-trails 80:25. rain 71:7, 125:18, 125:19.


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68

rains 68:22, 176:10. raise 62:4, 121:23, 132:13, 181:15.raised 30:17, 61:21, 61:23, 63:11, 65:9, 84:23,

180:18, 186:3, 194:7.raises 86:21, 188:9.raising 46:19. Ramada 29:5. ran 86:14, 89:16.ranch 28:1, 28:7, 28:11, 30:9, 30:17, 30:23, 34:11,

38:22, 84:23, 92:8, 120:9, 130:3, 130:10, 133:14,133:24, 139:2, 139:6, 139:21, 139:23, 140:6, 140:7.

rancher 120:10, 127:9, 129:24, 139:17.Ranchers 36:8, 38:7, 46:21, 120:11. ranches 130:16. ranching 130:1. Range 68:14, 84:24, 130:2. rant 108:6. Rapid 3:25, 29:5, 33:6, 49:25, 139:9, 145:18, 172:16,

197:30. raping 125:11. rare 75:12, 184:22. rate 14:22. rates 53:10, 75:24, 158:3.rather 107:17. RCRA 20:15, 20:19. Rd. 197:29. reach 2:13, 48:8, 186:17.reaction 162:3. read 46:9, 47:3, 51:17, 51:21, 80:14, 104:8, 117:5,

152:20. reading 50:4, 50:23, 135:19, 149:12. ready 64:4, 145:8.reaffirm 78:13. real 38:20, 67:24, 84:2, 161:1, 169:12, 169:13.reality 110:7, 139:11, 169:7, 172:17. realize 89:19, 149:3, 173:20.realizing 54:21. Really 36:10, 36:25, 37:4, 81:9, 82:12, 95:2, 101:18,

102:21, 107:2, 108:4, 108:6, 108:23, 108:24, 111:20,112:15, 114:6, 124:5, 137:10, 153:14, 155:16,155:18, 155:19, 164:7, 166:5, 171:15, 173:9, 174:1,175:9, 176:2, 176:4, 178:11, 178:13, 178:15, 183:2,184:8, 194:23, 195:22.

reason 67:5, 130:8, 134:16, 135:7, 164:5.Reasonably 48:7, 48:11, 48:13, 48:16. reasons 65:13. rebuild 55:3, 151:22.rebuilding 150:15, 151:3, 151:12. receive 5:19. received 5:21.


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Recent 35:6, 35:10, 157:23.recent- 134:21. recently 33:6, 102:18. recess 64:19, 116:15.recharge 34:25, 45:9.Recognize 79:24, 155:11, 156:21, 179:14.recognized 167:9, 167:19.recognizing 155:13, 155:14. record 6:6, 24:12, 27:19, 34:23, 63:13, 113:14,

114:16, 116:14, 118:25, 121:25, 132:24, 171:6,197:15.

recorded 98:3. recording 6:1, 118:19. records 112:2. recovered 9:19. recovering 15:5, 42:23. recovery 3:8, 3:12, 3:14, 8:17, 9:4, 16:18, 18:16,

63:15, 96:19, 100:14, 100:18, 117:9, 117:13, 117:15,125:3, 170:23.

recycled 14:19, 14:23. Red 4:23, 14:2, 24:7, 68:15, 113:24, 118:4, 189:17,

191:9, 192:6, 193:21, 195:1.reduced 197:13. References 144:14. reflect 38:16. refuge 194:5. refuse 90:17. regarding 140:25. region 139:13. REGIONAL 2:1, 2:4, 27:22, 28:2, 29:24, 32:5, 35:25,

37:8, 41:1, 44:2, 44:13, 48:22, 54:1, 54:5, 55:5,56:10, 60:16, 61:14, 63:4, 64:15, 64:21, 69:13,71:16, 71:19, 74:13, 76:9, 78:5, 80:4, 80:7, 84:7,84:10, 87:24, 91:13, 92:3, 94:11, 95:12, 95:16,101:8, 101:11, 102:15, 103:22, 106:17, 111:2,115:20, 116:9, 116:17, 116:20, 122:1, 125:22, 126:2,129:15, 131:10, 133:7, 134:7, 138:24, 140:9, 140:14,144:25, 145:4, 145:11, 147:12, 147:16, 147:20,149:8, 152:25, 153:22, 154:12, 154:19, 154:23,158:19, 158:24, 162:22, 163:15, 165:4, 165:22,168:17, 173:1, 173:3, 178:18, 179:2, 180:4, 181:23,184:12, 184:14, 185:25, 187:17, 187:21, 187:23,188:2, 189:3, 189:10, 195:21.

Registered 41:16, 197:11, 197:27.registration 2:21, 4:14, 6:18, 7:3, 117:23, 119:9. regs 27:6, 43:1.regulate 10:18, 129:12, 166:19, 171:1.regulates 10:24. regulates. 34:3. regulation 20:25, 42:16.


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regulations 8:5, 8:22, 18:4, 27:1, 27:13, 71:23,71:24, 96:22.

regulators 33:17, 93:4. Regulatory 10:20, 18:19, 33:3, 33:22, 38:25, 100:23. reiterate 73:19. reiterating 170:21. related 3:8, 117:9, 167:7, 197:19.relation 3:23, 52:18.relationships 190:14. relative 32:10, 108:14, 142:5.relatives 49:19, 52:9, 67:10, 67:22, 91:22, 114:7,

120:10, 137:19, 158:10, 174:23, 190:13, 191:4,192:12, 192:25, 193:5, 194:21.

release 143:24, 144:7.released 143:9. relevant 189:7, 189:12.reliability 189:1. relief 142:13, 187:15.religion 82:10. religious 66:1, 66:24, 73:5, 73:24, 170:1, 170:3.reluctance 32:23. rely 156:14. relying 20:20. Rem 160:25, 161:1, 161:10, 161:15, 161:17.remain 81:7. remaining 41:24. remains 47:19. remarks 116:24, 116:25, 144:1.Remedial 144:23. remediation 19:22, 34:18, 141:3. Remember 29:4, 38:2, 71:22, 74:11, 149:21, 170:10,

172:22, 177:15, 191:17, 195:19.remembering 52:14, 53:1. remind 75:5, 81:10.reminds 74:9. remove 13:11, 75:17, 105:20.removed 14:17, 23:20, 26:13, 99:21.removing 103:11. renew 57:1. renewable 158:15, 158:16. repeat 44:19, 96:16, 166:25.repeating 96:12. replugged 17:22. Report 32:19, 142:2, 144:19.Reporter 6:3, 6:20, 28:4, 28:8, 118:21, 184:15,

197:12, 197:27.Reporting 197:28. represent 19:3, 88:24.representative 129:10. represented 52:19, 54:12, 54:13.


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71

representing 104:17, 107:25. represents 18:10, 88:22. request 40:21, 110:19, 110:21, 134:4.requested 27:14. requesting 10:13, 110:24. require 22:1, 27:6, 27:13.required 15:6, 18:7, 47:17, 141:15.requirements 7:20, 17:6, 17:7, 17:13, 20:3, 20:24,

21:4, 24:24, 26:24, 40:4.requires 17:1, 18:17, 19:12, 100:10.requiring 20:23. Research 37:2, 75:7, 135:15, 135:18, 166:12.Reservation 66:23, 91:8, 155:4, 167:12, 167:14,

167:18, 171:15, 171:25, 172:11, 179:7, 190:23,190:25.

reservations 49:25, 167:8, 171:17, 171:24, 172:10. Reserved 167:5, 167:8, 167:20, 167:21, 167:23, 168:3. reserves 167:12, 167:13.residences 98:14. resident 98:24, 99:3, 99:6, 133:18, 175:2, 186:12,

186:22. residents 97:6, 98:18, 174:20. residing 110:5, 134:11. resist 33:11, 74:10.resistance 108:9, 108:10, 110:15. resisted 89:15. resolution 132:17, 132:22, 133:21, 133:22. resource 194:15. Resources 10:22, 45:14, 50:25, 51:5, 104:9, 106:1,

120:25, 121:5, 142:21, 156:21, 166:20, 179:16,186:25.

Respect 52:7, 53:13, 55:3, 79:24, 109:20, 149:23,150:1, 158:21, 174:8, 181:11, 191:7.

respectful 4:25, 67:1.respectfully 78:16. respecting 158:7. respond 5:17, 5:20, 27:20, 184:17.responded 10:6. responders 63:20. response 16:4, 53:25, 110:12, 142:17, 159:7.responsibilities 132:15. responsible 37:18, 42:3, 42:5. rest 120:23, 157:13.restful 151:24. restoration 16:23, 18:18, 19:8. restored 16:24, 128:19, 137:24.restoring 127:21. restricted 143:13. result 47:11, 142:7, 161:19, 161:20.resulted 100:15.


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72

resulting 100:18, 125:2. results 13:15, 104:19.retained 57:19. retired 92:11, 92:12, 94:16. return 5:5, 116:12, 118:9, 132:13, 173:12.returned 34:20. returns 42:7. revamped 34:2. reveal 53:23. reverse 13:7. Review 6:12, 10:13, 10:25, 26:22, 27:8, 27:9, 119:5,

166:15, 167:4, 196:2.reviewed 31:8, 31:14, 40:9, 188:19.reviewing 44:24. revive 174:3. rid 103:4, 110:22, 147:7.ridden 80:25. ride 151:25. rides 152:3, 152:6. Ridge 56:17, 91:11, 139:10, 179:7.ridiculous 55:20. Rights 28:15, 39:16, 40:18, 60:22, 72:16, 72:17,

83:17, 129:11, 136:4, 153:19, 166:13, 166:23, 167:3,167:5, 167:8, 167:21, 167:23, 168:11, 168:16,172:10, 187:22.

rigorous 17:7, 21:5. ring 14:10, 17:20, 18:3.rings 34:22, 85:17. riot 173:14. rise 16:15, 55:4, 73:9. risk 13:23, 35:13, 68:23, 73:17, 114:17, 114:19,

134:2, 142:7, 159:21, 159:22, 159:23, 159:24,161:23, 162:5.

risks 130:23. River 11:16, 12:2, 12:6, 14:4, 22:16, 44:10, 68:13,

68:16, 70:12, 70:16, 78:9, 87:7, 92:9, 92:10, 141:7,141:20, 141:21, 141:22, 141:23, 155:4, 155:6,156:12, 156:13, 169:1, 174:22, 174:23, 176:3, 176:9,176:11, 176:12, 176:15, 178:4, 186:15, 190:18,190:20, 190:23, 191:1, 191:25, 192:1, 192:2, 192:8,192:9.

rivers 190:17, 191:3. Road 29:7, 55:22, 111:17, 139:2, 186:20, 193:12.roads 64:4. ROBERT 111:3, 111:4, 111:9, 115:22, 173:3, 173:5. Rock 41:15, 49:4, 66:8, 73:8, 77:11, 78:10, 83:4,

109:18, 111:10.rocks 35:4, 88:23. rode 81:1. roller 188:6.


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73

rolling 188:7. room 157:5. roommate 32:14. rooms 106:10. roots 105:7. Rosebud 110:4, 122:7. round 12:8. rounds 78:11. ROWAN 145:6, 145:9.Rowland 178:25, 179:3, 179:4, 179:5. rubber 41:23. RUBE 84:11, 84:13.rudeness 181:12. ruin 164:20. ruined 85:12. ruining 139:23. rule 134:4, 154:21.ruled 167:22. run 43:13, 86:13, 137:21, 191:14, 191:15.run-offs 192:5. running 12:2, 48:1, 155:5, 191:16. runs 155:6, 186:20.rural 63:20. Rushmore 197:29. rust 143:23. . . < S >. S. 80:14, 81:6.Sacred 57:8, 66:11, 67:20, 81:7, 84:4, 91:21, 111:18,

111:22, 150:9, 150:11, 170:12, 170:13, 170:14,170:16, 171:19, 177:8, 177:12, 191:15.

sad 181:4. saddens 181:1. Safe 7:25, 28:22, 34:7, 43:6, 43:10, 47:25, 63:1,

71:23, 72:4, 75:6, 91:20, 96:21, 114:13, 115:8,121:8, 128:23, 131:3, 136:19, 141:10, 146:16, 175:5,175:20, 175:21, 175:23.

safer 47:25, 180:1.safest 121:18. safety 33:23, 42:22. sage 49:8, 49:10, 49:14, 51:17. sake 74:2, 74:5.Sakowin 74:22, 81:9. sale 147:19, 194:8.salinity 168:5. Salish 168:8. Salt 32:25, 138:6, 138:7, 138:9.salts 87:6. sample 21:16, 93:19.


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74

samples. 35:18. sanctions 141:9. Sapa 49:2, 51:9, 57:22, 155:1.Sarah 126:4, 126:5. sarin 144:12. sat 78:11, 171:8.Satanic 88:24. save 111:7, 163:20. saw 15:8, 73:8, 106:25.saying 28:22, 49:6, 60:10, 83:24, 87:18, 136:6,

137:17, 139:17, 149:6, 175:19, 195:6. says 45:1, 46:11, 47:4, 48:5, 48:6, 48:8, 60:22,

66:18, 81:15, 84:1, 87:20, 107:22, 114:14, 115:16,128:18, 128:20, 152:6, 166:18, 168:23.

scale 142:20, 142:21.scalps 147:5, 147:6. scared 128:22. scares 86:18. scary 71:13, 157:2.scheduled 27:16. School 36:4, 41:7, 89:13, 89:16, 120:5, 121:11, 122:7,

130:19, 135:16, 180:10, 180:14, 187:15.schools 131:21, 183:14, 183:15.Schumacher 69:15, 69:16, 69:18, 71:17. Science 28:21, 35:9, 58:18, 61:10, 72:2, 107:20,

107:21, 107:22, 107:24, 114:14, 120:18, 121:15,132:6, 134:5.

scientific 43:5, 43:16, 77:16, 124:6, 146:20, 169:3, 181:20.

scientist 127:17. scientists 40:8, 49:24, 50:9, 50:19, 58:24, 122:16,

123:13, 146:20.scol- 159:25. Scotland 82:3. SD 1:12, 197:30.SDWA 141:11. SEA 145:7, 145:9.seal 99:1. sealed 99:4. Search 144:19. searching 77:20. seats 64:23, 116:19.second 9:2, 9:6, 9:23, 31:5, 39:7, 50:11, 54:8,

97:19. secondary 45:24, 141:25. seconds 122:24. Section 141:14. securing 151:12. sediment 71:5, 91:4. seeing 12:19, 108:1, 134:18, 136:11.


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75

seek 167:23. seem 135:19, 138:15.seemed 153:8. seems 136:1. seen 42:11, 42:16, 42:18, 42:22, 71:13, 88:20, 93:7,

103:14, 125:14, 135:2, 135:5, 136:8, 136:24, 136:25,137:2, 138:6, 138:16.

sees 33:24. SEIS 140:23. seizing 40:2. selenium 87:6. self-destruction 105:4. selfish 185:11. sell 187:16. semester 122:8. send 106:10, 150:9, 152:2. sense 55:15, 103:4, 103:6, 103:20, 109:17, 148:4,

148:5, 148:17, 149:1, 149:3.sent 10:5, 90:18, 125:16, 134:13, 138:19, 171:23.Sentinel 34:4. Separate 25:25, 166:24, 166:25. series 13:15. seriously 110:25, 132:15, 196:1. serve 99:15. Service 166:13. service-oriented 132:9. set 26:24, 84:17, 85:6, 97:18, 97:21, 112:23, 125:9.settlers 109:21. settles 26:17, 64:2.settling 26:16. Seven 10:7, 39:12, 74:22.several 17:14, 30:12, 43:20, 89:16, 92:13, 92:14,

92:25, 182:5. severe 98:25. severed 99:4. sexual 83:22, 83:25. shake 36:22. shall 104:25. shallow 86:3, 86:22. share 61:8, 61:9, 62:24, 139:12, 150:11, 166:1,

173:17. shared 54:8, 166:2.sharing 193:6, 193:7. Shaw 131:12, 131:13, 131:14.Shawl 155:2. Shea 2:18, 4:3, 7:10, 7:13, 37:13, 98:4, 99:17.sheep 70:5, 70:6. sheet 41:23. shell 49:10. shield 89:6.


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76

shipped 39:20, 95:25, 96:8. Shirley 42:14. Shirt 68:15, 192:6, 195:1. short 4:9, 52:16, 53:5.shortly 188:14. shouldn't 39:16, 83:16, 157:8, 157:9, 157:10, 164:5. show 11:21, 13:9, 17:9, 17:16, 24:18, 88:19, 195:14.showed 21:17, 35:11, 35:18, 51:13, 76:20, 77:1. shower 13:13. showing 35:6, 155:22, 156:1, 193:17. shown 12:7, 23:22, 24:7, 25:3, 142:8, 192:25. shows 11:12, 15:23, 22:5, 24:6, 45:18, 118:3. shut 61:19, 61:20, 74:8.Sicangu 110:4. sick 68:7, 146:15. side 56:19, 89:1, 89:4, 89:5, 134:4, 155:17, 185:19,

194:1. sides 111:11, 111:13. SIDS 91:10. siege 177:15. sign 4:23, 29:11, 66:18, 80:18, 101:17, 101:19, 118:4,

168:22, 178:24, 178:25.signal 4:20. signed 29:9, 103:25, 132:20, 133:22, 178:20, 178:24.signing 127:11. Sila 76:15. silent 61:5, 185:16, 191:19, 192:18.similar 26:5. simple 63:16, 159:11. Simply 38:20, 47:14, 54:23, 99:21.sincere 30:11, 31:19. sing 52:12, 150:16, 150:17, 152:1, 152:2, 157:18.Singing 145:10. single 158:9, 182:15, 189:21, 190:11, 195:23. sink 148:8, 190:24.Sioux 49:4, 51:18, 51:25, 52:2, 52:6, 53:4, 61:1,

63:10, 70:12, 148:3, 155:4, 186:3, 187:6.Sisay 3:1. Sisseton 74:19, 76:3. sisters 104:22, 130:10. sit 37:16, 55:12, 86:18, 174:18.site 10:19, 10:21, 10:24, 12:3, 66:11, 69:12, 80:23,

96:19, 129:25, 131:19, 136:17, 139:7, 162:13, 163:2,163:4, 163:6, 170:8, 172:14, 177:8.

site-specific 40:7. sites 91:21, 111:18, 111:22, 135:22, 178:8.siting 42:5. Sitting 2:14, 6:3, 10:16, 51:19, 51:20, 52:1, 52:3,

52:17, 53:17, 53:18, 54:16, 88:25, 118:21, 121:19,149:21, 150:4, 150:19, 151:20, 151:25, 152:5, 152:8,


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77

152:17, 171:16, 179:23.situation 174:6. situations 18:6. six 8:14. sixes 90:10. skill 151:10. skin 13:18, 70:7, 90:12, 90:17, 123:6. skip 22:18, 111:6, 167:15. sky 122:11. skyrocket 158:3. skyrocketed 162:14. slaughtered 66:10. slaves 156:20. slept 68:19. slew 43:3. slide 12:10, 12:22, 15:25, 22:25, 24:6, 24:23, 25:4,

26:21. Slim 90:23. slower 114:23. slowly 113:13, 142:16, 142:17. sludge 159:13, 161:3, 162:9, 162:11. slurs 181:5. small 28:1, 28:7, 28:10, 92:8, 132:4, 161:25, 184:4.small-town 182:17. smallpox 147:6, 147:7, 169:10. smiles 147:25, 166:1. SMITH 39:23, 40:12, 154:24, 154:25, 158:19, 158:21.Smithwick 169:20. snake 63:14. sneer 110:10. sneering 107:15. Snow 171:10, 194:24.social 182:21, 182:22, 182:24.society 40:1. soda 63:16. Soft 41:15, 70:25, 71:2. soil 38:9, 38:10, 85:20, 161:3.soils 63:22. solar 114:24, 114:25. sold 46:22, 51:6, 86:6, 105:16.solid 47:20. solids 8:12, 21:14, 21:21, 23:11.solution 14:18, 41:25, 42:23, 47:10, 161:5, 164:24.solutions 43:9, 45:23, 63:16. soman 144:12. Somebody 36:23, 81:21, 83:1, 127:8, 158:3, 188:23. someday 59:8, 90:11.someplace 135:24. somewhere 176:9. son 153:13, 157:16.


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78

song 150:16, 150:17, 152:2, 157:18. soon 44:9, 87:10, 90:19, 101:15, 106:6, 128:5.SOPHIA 48:24, 48:25, 49:2, 54:3, 54:7, 149:9, 149:10,

153:2, 153:18, 153:25, 154:14, 154:21.Sorry 15:24, 28:8, 30:3, 80:7, 82:21, 84:11, 101:22,

150:2, 153:13, 181:7, 181:13, 184:13, 187:18.sort 19:22, 83:5, 102:4, 160:6, 177:25.sorts 95:18. sought 65:4. sought-after 69:7. souls 73:17. sound 37:13, 101:23. source 8:4, 8:20, 19:11, 19:14, 19:23, 21:12, 21:23,

24:4, 39:11, 39:15, 47:3, 97:9, 97:10, 97:11, 97:15,97:21, 98:2, 99:15, 100:10, 100:19, 100:20, 101:6,143:16, 185:3, 187:2.

sources 8:2, 17:11, 46:3, 101:3, 143:4, 159:21. SOUTH 3:9, 10:21, 11:15, 12:3, 30:8, 31:1, 32:9, 33:7,

35:8, 41:6, 42:11, 56:18, 65:7, 69:19, 69:21, 70:9,70:17, 74:20, 80:21, 81:18, 90:14, 90:21, 96:20,99:6, 117:10, 124:5, 127:3, 131:15, 134:12, 140:22,141:5, 141:22, 143:17, 144:6, 144:17, 144:21,168:21, 179:6, 182:16, 183:22, 185:7, 185:14,189:13, 197:5.

Southern 142:1. sovereignty 79:24. Spanish 169:12. spanning 187:4. speaker 27:24, 64:24, 104:4, 120:3.speakers 4:12, 117:22. Speaking 48:25, 61:13, 74:16, 76:12, 78:7, 80:3, 88:2,

92:2, 95:19, 95:21, 104:5, 106:16, 117:2, 152:23,155:3, 179:17.

special 32:19. Specialist 2:24, 3:3.specialists 58:17. specific 97:17. Specifically 167:25. speeches 55:13. spelled 160:1. spend 148:21. spent 32:25, 122:15, 168:7. spew 55:13. spill 183:23, 187:2.spills 64:3, 121:7, 135:5. Spink 183:23. Spirit 52:9, 104:13, 105:1, 105:17, 150:8, 150:20,

151:20, 152:3, 152:17.Spiritual 89:19, 89:23, 105:7, 105:8, 105:21, 195:15.spirituality 169:6.


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79

spoke 44:18, 49:9, 50:5, 50:8, 55:9, 96:11, 108:14,145:17, 154:25.

spoken 118:12, 159:3, 178:21, 180:6, 182:1, 182:4. spots 191:23. spray 63:25, 68:12.spread 105:23, 106:8, 138:2.spreading 75:10. Spring 142:15, 142:19, 143:1, 192:5.Springs 4:2, 23:13, 23:17, 23:19, 24:8, 26:2, 36:4,

39:19, 46:4, 69:4, 87:22, 124:22, 134:12, 139:10,142:13, 142:16, 142:20, 146:5, 169:4.

Squaw 186:20. SS 197:6. St. 1:10, 32:15.stacks 58:16, 148:21. staff 2:8, 6:17, 119:8.stages 182:18. stagnant 104:14. stake 139:11, 183:5, 183:6.stakeholder 38:23, 66:21.stakeholders 38:21, 65:20, 66:4, 67:25. stand 57:14, 57:20, 59:8, 67:1, 67:2, 78:19, 79:12,

79:13, 96:16, 105:14, 106:24, 152:9, 168:25, 185:16,190:15, 192:24.

standard 48:6. standards 9:10, 22:3, 26:20, 142:5. Standing 49:4, 54:21, 60:10, 61:5, 66:7, 66:8, 73:8,

77:10, 78:10, 83:4, 89:22, 105:15, 109:18, 111:10,114:18, 120:21, 157:17, 193:9, 195:13.

Stands 64:24, 64:25, 65:6, 69:14, 168:19, 168:20,173:2, 188:4, 189:5, 189:9, 189:11, 189:13.

Star 59:13. Starr 88:1, 88:2, 88:5, 91:13, 91:16, 92:4. stars 89:9. Start 15:5, 18:20, 28:5, 41:5, 43:13, 49:6, 50:3,

50:15, 57:1, 64:18, 64:25, 86:20, 93:24, 125:17,127:1, 155:13, 158:7, 158:16, 163:25, 188:18.

started 2:3, 27:23, 41:9, 64:22, 67:16, 82:7, 82:10,85:10, 85:21, 85:22, 86:1, 89:20, 116:18, 120:2,126:6, 131:6, 133:6, 162:10, 162:16, 163:1.

Starting 24:17, 166:17. starts 16:15, 81:20. STATE 4:17, 24:12, 29:1, 31:1, 41:18, 43:1, 80:21,

81:12, 81:13, 81:16, 81:17, 95:24, 100:12, 117:24,129:12, 139:13, 140:18, 141:21, 162:16, 166:21,166:24, 167:1, 169:5, 170:18, 171:1, 184:19, 184:20,185:6, 186:1, 186:5, 197:5.

stated 33:25. Statement 39:4, 40:6, 40:7, 47:9, 47:14, 140:23.statements 91:18.


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States 34:19, 47:12, 49:25, 56:15, 73:20, 92:14,109:3, 146:6, 166:20, 167:10, 168:1, 174:5.

statistical 20:16. statistically 161:24. statistics 72:12, 155:21. status 11:3, 56:21, 98:6, 98:21, 100:19, 191:5. stay 89:17, 118:7, 132:12.staying 96:1. Ste 197:29. steak 146:8. steal 50:24, 172:2.stealing 179:15. Stein 71:20, 71:21, 72:2, 74:14.stenographically 197:13. step 43:18, 83:16.stewards 120:11. stinking 188:24. stir 108:22. stochastic 160:4. stockpiling 162:16, 163:1. stole 83:18, 172:9, 179:10, 194:11.stolen 51:5, 66:22, 145:19, 156:21, 179:10.stomped 106:2. stood 77:11, 77:12, 79:19, 79:20, 79:21, 183:23. Stop 4:23, 101:5, 104:16, 109:14, 118:4, 131:5,

149:17, 179:13, 179:14, 179:15, 185:4, 193:25.stopped 149:12, 162:17, 185:8. storage 26:7, 35:19, 144:3. stories 82:23, 83:5, 83:14, 193:7. storing 162:10, 188:13. storm 127:5. story 65:3, 82:2, 112:21, 189:15, 191:8, 192:16.Straight 176:23, 176:24. strata 143:4, 143:7, 143:8, 143:11.strategy 20:13, 20:18. straying 5:4, 118:8. strength 152:11, 157:20. strike 172:5. stringent 20:23. strip 62:14, 189:18.stripes 88:25, 89:7. strong 131:8, 133:1.stronger 122:25. strongly 63:2, 82:22, 107:8, 108:25, 131:18. student 36:4. students 130:20, 182:13, 183:16. studied 93:19, 122:16. studies 68:21, 165:21, 182:10. study 34:17, 44:25, 46:8, 61:9.Study. 144:24.


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81

stuff 85:11, 87:8, 87:11, 107:16, 122:16, 122:19,124:17, 129:6, 138:20, 164:9, 174:12.

stupidity 53:17. Sturgis 84:23. subject 133:3. submit 6:25, 119:15, 119:18, 196:12.submitted 40:5, 40:6.submitting 7:2. success 45:16. successful 20:20, 100:17, 120:12.successfully 34:20. succinct 5:3, 39:4, 118:7. sucking 108:12. sudden 91:9. suffer 52:13, 53:10, 54:20.suffered 53:1. sufficient 8:7, 99:11, 167:13. suggest 188:22. suicide 53:12. sulfate 13:5, 23:9, 25:17, 25:19, 25:21. summary 166:17. summer 126:15. Sun 115:1, 178:25, 179:3, 179:4, 179:5.sunburned 70:7. Sundance 22:15. sung 52:25. Superfund 125:12, 125:14, 126:8, 126:13, 134:23,

135:21, 136:17.supervision 31:12, 197:14. supplement 30:23. supplemental 40:7. supplies 8:6, 8:9, 138:3. supply 8:8. support 32:4, 76:4, 106:23, 106:25, 120:14, 121:25,

131:18, 132:17, 132:22, 133:1, 133:23, 134:15,139:7, 139:8, 139:24, 181:16.

supporting 6:21, 38:15, 97:2, 107:9. supports 43:17. supposed 65:16, 79:10, 172:18, 195:10.supposedly 104:20, 135:4, 135:24. Supreme 167:9. surely 44:11. Surface 11:8, 12:18, 14:15, 15:19, 23:3, 23:17, 45:14,

141:12, 142:21, 143:5, 143:11, 144:8.surgeries 75:17. surprise 139:8. surrounded 177:6, 177:14.surrounding 64:2. surroundings 137:10. Survey 100:16.


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82

surveyed 186:16. surveyors 78:23. surveys 73:5, 73:24.survived 56:2, 192:14.surviving 163:5, 169:8. survivor 75:12. Susan 29:1, 29:2.susceptible 161:22, 161:25. SUTIN 2:1, 2:4, 8:25, 27:22, 28:2, 29:24, 32:5, 35:25,

37:8, 41:1, 44:2, 44:13, 48:22, 54:1, 54:5, 55:5,56:10, 60:16, 61:14, 63:4, 64:15, 64:21, 69:13,71:16, 71:19, 74:13, 76:9, 78:5, 80:4, 80:7, 84:7,84:10, 87:24, 91:13, 92:3, 94:11, 95:12, 95:16,101:8, 101:11, 102:15, 103:22, 106:17, 111:2,115:20, 116:9, 116:17, 116:20, 122:1, 125:22, 126:2,129:15, 131:10, 133:7, 134:7, 138:24, 140:9, 140:14,144:25, 145:4, 145:11, 147:12, 147:16, 147:20,149:8, 152:25, 153:22, 154:12, 154:19, 154:23,158:19, 158:24, 162:22, 163:15, 165:4, 165:22,168:17, 173:1, 173:3, 178:18, 179:2, 180:4, 181:23,184:12, 184:14, 185:25, 187:17, 187:21, 187:23,188:2, 189:3, 189:10, 195:21.

swift 59:18. Sylvana 74:15, 74:16, 74:19. symbols 82:7. System 8:7, 8:9, 16:16, 39:24, 53:22, 75:6, 108:15,

112:20, 120:6, 135:17, 142:1, 142:24, 171:5, 171:6,171:9, 180:11, 183:25.

systems 171:11, 183:1. . . < T >. T-shirt 74:9. table 2:14, 2:21, 4:14, 6:18, 7:3, 10:17, 15:17,

15:20, 117:23, 119:10.tables 16:14. tail 89:9. tailings 175:25, 176:8, 178:6. taker 60:4. takoja 59:6. talked 9:2, 14:12, 29:7, 48:2, 123:15, 128:7, 145:18,

146:4, 162:7, 174:10, 174:19, 175:2, 175:9, 189:21.talks 17:5. TALL 145:13, 145:15, 147:12, 147:15, 147:17.TAMARACH 145:6, 145:9. tap 47:8. target 99:24. targeted 98:6, 98:11, 98:19. TASINA 154:23, 154:25, 155:1, 158:21. tasks 37:21.


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83

taste 13:6. taught 111:12, 120:5, 153:11, 153:15, 153:18, 183:13,

183:14, 183:15.tax 187:15. taxes 112:18, 112:25.taxpayer 97:1. teach 51:20. teacher 130:18, 153:12, 180:10, 180:14.teachers 49:24, 50:19, 121:15. teams 40:15. technical 92:20, 132:9.technology 62:3, 121:4, 121:10. teenager 131:8. teepee 85:17. tells 16:7, 191:1. ten 11:20, 57:11, 87:20, 133:4, 141:5, 143:16, 144:6.ten-minute 64:17. tens 53:4. terraces 141:7. territory 57:15, 57:25, 58:2, 78:14, 79:7. test 15:15, 15:16, 15:20, 15:23, 16:6, 21:17, 24:10,

32:22, 84:14, 84:16, 84:21, 85:1, 85:11, 86:9,86:18, 87:12, 87:18, 90:24, 142:8, 178:8.

tested 49:15, 103:10.testified 82:19. testimony 4:8, 4:11, 4:18, 4:20, 4:24, 5:12, 6:17,

7:7, 38:17, 38:19, 44:3, 72:9, 81:15, 87:23, 116:13,117:4, 117:21, 117:25, 118:6, 118:8, 118:13, 118:15,119:8, 119:23, 120:3, 127:8, 128:3, 166:8.

testing 31:13, 31:15. tests 15:6, 18:25, 20:13, 33:10, 192:4. Teton 152:16. Texas 47:5, 47:6.thankful 166:6. Thanks 80:12, 106:21, 138:23. theirs 172:7. themselves 25:2, 78:2, 99:20, 193:1, 193:17, 195:14.then-candidate 33:25. theory 174:14, 174:17, 175:21.thereafter 197:13. They'll 58:22, 157:24. thick 24:16. thickness 22:7. thin 23:5, 24:18.thinking 38:1. thinner 24:20. Third 1:11, 163:19.though 65:18, 81:22, 105:17, 166:23, 185:13.thoughtful 196:3. thoughts 38:23.


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84

thousand 82:6. thousands 51:2, 53:4, 79:8, 79:9, 112:3, 144:10,

146:23, 195:17.threat 13:19, 73:14.threatens 185:4. Three 9:20, 34:12, 57:2, 70:20, 85:1, 88:9, 130:10,

159:4, 163:1, 174:24, 180:18, 192:14, 195:24.three. 70:20. throughout 16:22, 34:22, 35:17, 65:13. throw 159:6, 163:14.thrown 126:11, 126:17.Tidball 120:3, 120:4, 122:2. tied 189:19. Tifft 84:11, 84:13, 87:25. Tim 129:17, 147:20.tiny 113:18. tipsila 68:5, 169:21. tired 81:2, 149:17.tissue 70:25, 71:2. Title 97:13, 109:21.titled 33:12. tiwahe 59:6. toban 144:12. Today 2:3, 2:7, 2:10, 3:19, 3:22, 4:5, 4:7, 5:14, 6:1,

6:4, 7:15, 7:19, 8:16, 12:4, 29:13, 29:20, 32:3,36:23, 37:24, 49:18, 50:24, 55:14, 57:14, 57:20,73:12, 74:9, 79:19, 89:19, 96:11, 104:12, 105:14,117:19, 121:1, 130:8, 133:12, 145:16, 147:24, 166:9,175:10, 176:4, 178:21, 188:11, 193:9, 195:24,196:7.

together 54:22, 114:11, 114:12, 127:25, 138:10, 150:7,151:4, 152:9, 152:10, 152:14, 152:15, 158:14,158:15, 190:5.

tolerate 54:18. tongue 82:1. Tonia 64:24, 64:25, 65:6, 168:19, 168:20, 189:9,

189:11, 189:12.tonight 118:19, 119:15. tons 144:11, 175:12. took 85:21, 124:21, 124:22, 127:23, 127:24, 129:11,

157:18, 162:7, 172:10, 191:12, 193:12.tool 172:5. top 63:16, 66:14, 67:4, 81:2, 87:15, 88:21, 175:14,

190:2. topic 5:4, 118:9.topographically 143:10, 143:20. total 8:11, 21:13, 21:21, 23:11, 121:21.totally 120:14, 120:24, 121:25. touch 115:22. tough 77:8.


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85

tour 64:6. towards 16:2, 17:2, 151:12, 158:17. town 39:19, 46:23, 70:9, 76:22, 102:20, 113:5, 113:10,

113:11, 113:17, 130:17, 142:3, 149:14, 153:3,153:10, 154:5, 154:17, 154:18, 155:6, 155:7, 172:13,173:13, 173:25, 174:1, 174:3, 174:6, 184:4, 184:7,186:9, 190:20.

towns 113:9, 131:4, 174:4, 174:6.Township 84:24, 133:18, 133:20, 133:22. toxic 63:23, 64:8, 129:1, 136:5, 136:6, 137:14. toxin 47:11. Toyota 95:25. trace 183:9. track 114:16. tracks 169:20. Tradition 52:10, 52:11, 52:13, 52:23, 151:17.traditional 49:3, 54:10, 76:14.traditionally 89:17. traditionals 54:9. Trail 80:22, 80:25, 81:6.Trailhead 80:15. trails 80:24. training 63:20, 83:23, 92:8. trampled 107:25. transcript 6:4, 6:6, 6:14, 6:20, 118:22, 118:25,

119:11. transferred 91:19. translator 78:17. transmissibility 45:19. transmit 141:17. transport 64:7. Transwestern 83:9. traveled 173:20. traveling 83:8, 83:9, 83:10. travels 12:3. treat 191:4. treated 8:21, 9:8, 9:9, 11:7, 13:7, 13:11, 22:2,

26:13, 117:15.Treaties 72:25, 73:1, 73:21, 83:19, 172:9, 179:14.treatment 3:14, 26:7, 101:4, 159:11, 162:18. Treaty 57:18, 57:19, 60:20, 72:15, 72:17, 155:13. Tree 34:22, 195:5.treehugger 184:23. trees 51:2, 70:15. trek 68:2. tremendous 138:13. trenches 43:8, 44:6. Trend 57:2. triangle 4:22, 118:3.triangulate 38:8.


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86

tribal 10:2, 10:4, 10:11, 52:2, 53:22, 166:2.tribal-approved 73:23. tribally 78:22, 78:23. Tribe 49:4, 61:1, 168:5, 187:6, 192:3, 192:4.tribes 10:6, 10:7, 10:9, 74:1, 168:9.tributary 12:5, 12:6, 138:5. tried 51:6, 153:3.tritium 35:1. trouble 47:23. troubling 173:8. True 47:13, 73:25, 105:9, 123:15, 151:21, 181:18,

183:13, 197:15.truly 95:3, 182:12, 183:8. Trump 87:19. trust 57:6, 60:3, 120:17, 158:4, 181:20.trusted 186:8, 186:9. truth 153:15, 153:17, 159:1. Try 4:25, 5:2, 94:21, 95:9, 123:22, 130:1, 164:17,

164:19, 173:14.trying 65:11, 83:6, 98:22, 102:12, 111:11, 111:18,

131:5, 148:12, 164:22, 176:18, 177:1, 177:2, 177:7,177:16, 185:4, 187:10.

tuberculosis 169:11. Tuesday 4:1. tumor 75:16, 75:18.Turkey 166:7. turn 4:5, 4:17, 7:10, 29:17, 70:6, 93:12, 117:24.turned 70:13, 85:20, 181:21. Turner 132:19. turning 173:15. turns 21:19. Turtle 49:10, 49:16, 51:16, 89:22, 179:19, 179:23,

193:10. two 3:4, 3:25, 8:15, 8:25, 11:25, 38:23, 39:13, 45:12,

46:5, 50:3, 55:9, 65:5, 90:6, 90:7, 99:21, 99:25,100:12, 115:3, 116:1, 116:3, 117:6, 120:22, 126:9,129:22, 132:1, 133:16, 139:5, 150:20, 151:14, 163:2,168:7, 174:24, 180:23, 187:3.

two-legged 104:10. type 8:14, 16:11.typewriting 197:14. typical 40:15, 93:25, 180:12, 181:6.typically 166:19. . . < U >. UIC 3:5, 3:10, 3:12, 3:18, 8:5, 8:13, 18:4, 27:1,

27:6, 96:21, 117:7, 117:11, 117:13, 117:18.ultimately 103:2, 155:16. uncertain 77:20.


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87

uncle 130:11. uncovered 162:12. Underground 1:2, 2:15, 2:19, 3:5, 7:23, 8:2, 8:4,

8:20, 17:11, 19:10, 19:14, 21:12, 21:23, 24:4,35:12, 35:19, 62:12, 100:24, 117:7, 144:3, 187:2.

underlying 16:5, 16:21. undermine 167:18. underneath 115:13, 115:19, 115:25, 116:6, 123:18,

156:11. Understand 7:24, 31:20, 31:22, 62:4, 78:24, 79:25,

81:8, 102:21, 103:12, 103:19, 111:11, 112:4, 126:16,137:6, 156:22, 176:5.

understanding 94:20, 151:8, 197:16. underworld 116:2. undetected 187:1. unduly 133:3. unemployment 53:11. Unified 20:16. unique 41:14, 142:23. Unit 2:16, 2:19.United 34:19, 56:14, 60:21, 73:20, 109:3, 146:5,

167:10, 168:1, 174:5.universe 67:15, 67:16, 195:18.University 31:2, 35:10. unknown 77:21. Unkpapa 22:14. unless 73:22. unnecessary 73:13. unquote 35:14. unresolved 35:7. unspoken 49:19. untapped 115:8. until 3:21, 10:11, 16:23, 20:3, 31:8, 51:23, 56:7,

61:19, 70:20, 73:22, 113:12, 116:12, 119:17, 130:12,157:13, 196:9.

unusable 45:5. Upper 14:3, 22:13, 141:20.Uranium 3:8, 3:12, 8:18, 9:4, 9:14, 9:18, 12:17, 13:8,

13:15, 14:1, 14:14, 14:15, 14:17, 14:19, 15:5,18:16, 26:10, 26:17, 30:21, 30:24, 31:4, 33:9,33:21, 35:16, 36:5, 39:8, 39:18, 42:12, 50:5, 51:1,51:10, 56:24, 57:6, 57:10, 57:13, 58:19, 61:1,61:18, 62:8, 63:15, 68:17, 69:24, 71:3, 71:8, 72:3,72:13, 75:6, 75:22, 76:1, 77:14, 77:22, 83:12, 85:1,91:4, 91:20, 93:20, 96:19, 100:14, 100:18, 100:25,101:22, 102:23, 103:1, 103:5, 103:11, 109:1, 109:7,109:24, 109:25, 113:6, 117:9, 117:13, 121:6, 122:13,122:17, 122:18, 123:2, 123:6, 123:13, 123:16, 124:6,124:10, 124:13, 124:14, 124:18, 125:2, 129:23,131:19, 135:14, 135:15, 135:20, 144:2, 146:1,


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146:17, 148:13, 155:23, 158:17, 159:16, 160:16,163:25, 164:17, 165:12, 168:23, 169:1, 179:9,182:14, 183:20, 188:6, 188:14, 190:15, 192:24,194:1.

uranium-bearing 9:15, 15:11, 96:23, 143:8, 143:10. urge 40:21, 40:22, 74:7, 168:14, 168:15. USA 3:7, 117:8.usable 174:17. USDW 8:23, 23:11.Usdws 21:8. user 80:22. users 167:25, 168:4. uses 45:5, 98:18, 122:18, 183:21. USGS 34:17. USIA 145:7, 145:9.using 65:25, 71:24, 97:15, 98:17. Utah 32:13, 32:15, 33:8, 33:12.utilize 104:16. utilized 45:2, 45:4.Uzbekistan 103:8. . . < V >. vacationing 33:7. Valentine 3:24, 106:25, 195:25. valid 43:5, 43:10.Valley 168:1. Valois 2:18, 2:22, 62:23, 98:4, 99:17. value 146:1, 160:25.values 139:17. valve 142:13. various 31:7, 169:9.vegetables 67:7, 68:3, 164:10. veil 105:20. velocity 35:7. verified 24:21. verify 21:6, 24:25.version 41:11. versus 167:10, 168:1.vertical 13:24, 14:5.vertically 15:14, 16:9, 18:8. veterans 32:21. victory 150:17. violations 187:1. violent 173:17. visiting 121:14. voice 67:20, 76:18, 102:4, 131:8, 153:9, 157:9,

173:10, 190:8.Volume 11:10, 35:9, 160:22.volunteered 37:20.


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89

volunteering 120:24. VX 144:12. . . < W >. Wahpeton 74:20, 76:3. walk 30:5, 74:24, 117:1.Walter 86:5. WANIYA 78:6, 78:7, 182:9. wanted 13:1, 17:15, 22:9, 26:6, 27:15, 49:7, 77:13,

78:4, 81:10, 88:19, 90:20, 110:6, 121:23, 130:8,130:22, 152:20, 152:23, 153:4, 153:25, 173:6,173:17, 177:18, 184:17, 184:19, 186:5, 192:20.

wanting 71:4. wants 2:10, 5:1, 5:8, 6:5, 118:23, 137:20. war 56:20, 89:20, 89:23.warfare 141:3, 144:4, 144:11. warm 14:8. warning 16:16. Warrior 76:23, 152:19.warriors 52:6, 150:15, 150:17, 152:9.Washington 79:4, 184:2, 184:3. wasichu 74:25. waste 3:14, 8:22, 9:8, 9:9, 11:7, 11:10, 22:2, 22:3,

26:8, 26:9, 26:14, 26:20, 34:8, 35:22, 45:7, 58:8,59:25, 61:2, 63:17, 64:12, 76:1, 101:3, 117:15,129:1, 141:18, 175:11, 175:12, 175:16, 175:17,188:13, 188:15, 188:23.

wasteland 63:23. wastewater 64:1, 71:9, 101:1. watch 54:20, 110:25.watches 123:11. watching 37:24, 42:7. water. 32:12. waterflow 143:9. waterline 99:1, 99:3. waters 35:22, 59:20, 72:21, 144:9, 146:19, 179:21,

180:1, 180:2, 191:20.watershed 141:19, 141:20. ways 37:22, 105:24, 137:1, 151:14, 158:16, 177:22,

182:8. wayside 64:7. weak 53:7. weakness 105:12. wear 52:10. website 10:15, 10:16, 24:13, 34:5.websites 124:7. week 27:12, 39:12, 119:17.weeks 3:25. weight 143:6.


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weird 101:23. welcome 88:4, 106:22, 119:18, 186:6.welcoming 59:9. welfare 33:23. well-being 157:4. well-cared 137:11. well-constructed 21:2. wellfield 12:11, 15:16, 16:2, 16:10, 17:3, 17:4,

17:21, 18:17, 18:25, 19:2, 19:7, 19:23, 20:13.wellfields 11:19, 11:20, 13:4, 15:8, 99:22, 99:25. welling 100:2. wells 3:11, 3:13, 8:3, 8:13, 8:19, 9:4, 9:7, 9:17,

9:25, 11:9, 12:1, 12:12, 12:13, 12:20, 12:21, 13:9,13:23, 14:13, 14:16, 15:18, 16:5, 16:7, 16:12,16:22, 18:13, 19:5, 19:21, 20:2, 20:22, 21:1, 21:11,21:20, 23:18, 24:10, 24:15, 24:22, 25:2, 25:3,25:13, 58:8, 58:11, 58:16, 59:23, 63:18, 85:25,98:10, 100:25, 117:12, 117:14, 128:25, 129:2.

Wenzel 86:4, 86:5. West 34:22, 38:6.wetlands 141:16. Whatever 29:12, 48:9, 82:21, 94:9, 95:3, 108:3, 109:3,

109:4, 146:1, 146:21, 160:23, 160:24, 174:25,176:21, 177:3, 178:7, 181:12.

whatnot 154:4. whatsoever 62:2. whether 126:13. Whew 68:4. White 51:21, 56:11, 56:12, 56:15, 60:16, 60:19, 65:25,

70:6, 85:20, 111:3, 111:4, 111:9, 115:20, 115:22,116:10, 150:10, 169:1, 173:4, 173:5, 175:14, 186:15,191:23, 192:2, 194:25.

whoever 83:18, 181:4, 190:6. whole 10:24, 43:3, 54:24, 55:11, 66:11, 67:3, 67:15,

67:16, 67:23, 86:11, 89:11, 91:25, 105:7, 109:25,139:4, 150:22, 164:4, 172:6, 174:7, 176:7, 176:8,190:24, 193:15.

Wiconi 84:9, 145:25. wife 32:10, 38:5, 81:1, 83:3, 110:2, 153:12. Wild 81:21. wildlife 75:21. Will 2:6, 4:3, 4:7, 4:8, 4:10, 4:12, 4:19, 4:20, 4:23,

4:24, 5:4, 5:10, 5:20, 5:24, 6:2, 6:3, 6:5, 6:7,6:14, 6:19, 6:23, 9:7, 9:10, 9:14, 9:17, 10:10,12:11, 12:13, 12:17, 13:12, 15:15, 17:10, 21:2,25:23, 27:20, 32:12, 36:9, 36:17, 36:25, 37:3, 43:6,48:19, 55:1, 55:2, 55:4, 62:24, 63:19, 63:21, 63:25,69:12, 70:6, 71:1, 73:16, 75:23, 75:24, 76:8, 77:24,81:15, 91:7, 91:21, 93:17, 94:22, 95:4, 97:18,97:21, 100:3, 100:20, 101:1, 101:5, 101:16, 104:4,


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91

104:5, 104:7, 105:6, 105:9, 105:13, 106:4, 106:6,106:8, 108:21, 110:14, 110:21, 111:6, 112:8, 112:19,112:22, 113:11, 113:12, 115:1, 116:11, 117:1, 117:5,117:21, 117:22, 118:1, 118:2, 118:4, 118:5, 118:9,118:20, 118:21, 118:23, 119:1, 119:10, 119:13,119:16, 120:2, 123:6, 123:7, 123:14, 127:1, 128:16,130:6, 131:3, 131:22, 132:4, 132:21, 133:2, 137:23,137:24, 138:2, 139:12, 141:15, 141:17, 144:2, 150:3,150:15, 150:18, 150:20, 151:5, 156:11, 156:23,161:21, 164:4, 164:13, 164:17, 175:13, 178:24,185:10, 188:2, 189:6, 196:2, 196:6, 196:7, 196:8.

William 66:7. willing 77:24, 95:8, 99:9, 148:10. Win 56:16, 155:1, 190:7.Wind 66:17, 67:11, 114:21, 193:2.winding 193:25. Winters 166:14, 167:10, 167:11. Wioweya 56:16. wisdom 84:2, 151:16, 152:11. wish 100:12, 149:2, 181:8.withdrawals 142:20. within 17:19, 53:14, 78:14, 79:3, 79:6, 99:22, 141:8,

141:19, 143:8, 149:24, 166:21.without 47:22, 54:20, 54:21, 76:8, 105:25, 127:22,

133:3, 140:1, 149:25.wives 163:2. Woman 49:3, 65:8, 150:10, 155:2. women 66:9, 147:8.wonder 39:16, 153:10.wonderful 121:13, 123:22, 124:22, 124:23. wondering 84:13, 122:10, 174:21. wool 70:6. word 59:18, 59:19, 107:22.words 40:11, 58:25, 92:15, 152:11, 183:4, 190:12,

190:13. Work 4:7, 30:22, 31:9, 38:7, 41:17, 43:6, 57:3, 62:1,

91:6, 94:19, 126:12, 130:3, 132:8, 132:9, 132:13,133:14, 140:6, 140:19, 141:16, 144:23.

worked 30:21, 30:24, 31:7, 41:9, 42:14, 61:19, 62:7,70:23, 90:21, 92:13, 92:14, 92:25, 93:3, 93:5, 98:5,135:16.

workers 63:21, 163:11. working 33:20, 61:18, 95:1, 95:6, 111:15, 128:7,

129:23, 160:14, 162:13, 165:1.works 2:18, 2:21, 103:7, 103:8, 103:9, 120:15,

126:16. world 52:9, 59:7, 59:9, 67:15, 79:4, 93:12, 103:10,

107:23, 110:1, 116:2, 122:10, 123:16, 123:24,150:20, 151:6, 151:21, 152:3, 158:14.

worlds 74:24, 116:1, 116:3, 150:20.


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92

worldwide 104:9. worn 53:5. worry 46:19. worship 150:11. worst 183:25. Wounded 179:6. wrap 54:6, 60:17, 91:14, 145:1, 147:13, 162:23.wrapping 147:17. write 32:16, 36:20, 46:8, 51:21, 101:19, 108:21,

108:22. writings 177:12. Written 5:22, 6:16, 6:21, 6:25, 7:7, 119:7, 119:11,

119:16, 119:18, 119:23, 134:13, 152:19, 162:1,196:9.

wrote 87:19. Wyoming 30:8, 34:6, 41:11, 41:18, 43:19, 59:25, 103:9,

132:8. . . < X >. X-ray 161:16. X-rays 47:25, 71:1. . . < Y >. Yankton 148:3. year 12:8, 52:8, 65:13, 161:11, 162:7, 163:1, 163:3,

191:14. year-round 85:6. yearns 105:1. years 10:4, 20:19, 28:25, 29:4, 31:4, 32:13, 32:25,

34:24, 42:15, 52:21, 53:5, 53:6, 57:8, 57:11, 57:12,57:17, 58:9, 62:8, 70:2, 70:20, 70:21, 77:25, 79:9,81:3, 82:6, 82:9, 82:11, 85:15, 86:8, 87:1, 87:20,88:9, 89:20, 92:12, 92:17, 93:1, 95:6, 111:16,112:3, 112:5, 112:10, 113:7, 113:17, 114:7, 115:2,120:6, 122:6, 127:22, 127:25, 129:4, 129:22, 130:7,130:13, 131:1, 132:1, 132:5, 133:4, 133:15, 135:17,136:8, 136:13, 139:5, 146:4, 146:24, 147:1, 147:3,150:3, 151:24, 156:17, 165:14, 165:15, 168:7,173:24, 177:5, 177:9, 180:9, 180:11, 187:4, 195:17.

yellow 4:22, 118:2.Yellowcake 64:7, 64:9, 160:15. yesterday 4:1, 44:18, 44:25, 65:2, 65:3, 65:11, 65:17,

124:21, 155:1, 169:4. young 32:13, 51:23, 76:19, 77:25, 127:16, 127:17,

132:12, 145:16, 165:25, 173:12, 181:5, 184:10.yourself 108:4, 170:19.yourselves 93:24. .


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. < Z >. zero 159:22. zone 15:13, 16:8, 18:6, 18:9, 18:11, 22:6, 22:8, 22:9,

22:14, 23:21, 24:6, 25:1, 25:19, 25:20, 26:1, 26:3. zones 18:15, 21:3.


2 dewey-burdock underground injection control …€¦ · dewey-burdock underground injection...

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