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2 Esdras

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2 Esdras (also called 4 Esdras or Latin Esdras) is the name of an apocalyptic book in many

English versionsof theBible[1]

(see"Naming conventions"below).[2][3]

Its authorship is ascribed

toEzra.[4]

It is reckoned among theapocryphabyCatholics,Protestants, and mostEastern

Orthodox.[5]

Although Second Esdras exists in its complete form only in Latin, it was originally

written in Hebrew.[6]

Nonetheless, 2 Esdras has not been preserved in modern Jewish tradition,typical for works dating from the period of theSecond Temple.

Contents

1 Naming conventions 2 Contents

o 2.1 5 Ezrao 2.2 4 Ezrao 2.3 6 Ezra

3 Author and criticism 4 Usage 5 See also 6 Notes 7 External links

Naming conventions
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Main article:Esdras#Naming conventions

As with1 Esdras, there is some confusion about the numbering of this book. Some earlyLatin

manuscripts call it 3 Esdras, whileJeromeand the medieval Latin manuscripts denoted it 4

Esdras, which to this day is the name used for it in modern critical editions,[7][8]

which are

typically inLatin, the language of its most complete exemplars.[9]

Once Jerome's 1 and 2 Esdraswere denotedEzraandNehemiahin more recent times, the designation 2 Esdras became

common in English Bibles. It appears in the Appendix to the Old Testament in theSlavonic Bible,

where it is called 3 Esdras, and theGeorgian OrthodoxBible numbers it 3 Ezra. This text is

sometimes also known as Apocalypse of Ezra (chapters 3-14 known as the Jewish Apocalypse

of Ezra or 4 Ezra, chapters 1-2 as 5 Ezra, and chapters 15-16 as 6 Ezra).

Contents

5 Ezra

The first two chapters of2 Esdras are found only in the Latin version of the book, and are called

5 Ezra by scholars.[10]

They are considered by most scholars to be Christian in origin; they assert

God's rejection of the Jews and describe a vision of theSon of God. These are generally

considered to be late additions (possibly third century) to the work.

4 Ezra

Chapters 314, or the great bulk of 2 Esdras, are aJewishapocalypsealso sometimes known as

4 Ezra,[10]

or the Jewish Apocalypse of Ezra. The latter name should not be confused with a

later work called theGreek Apocalypse of Ezra.

AmongGreekFathers of the Church, 4 Ezra is generally cited as [Prophetes

Esdras] ("The Prophet Ezra") or [Apokalupsis Esdra] ("Apocalypse of Ezra").

Wellhausen, Charles, and Gunkel have shown that the original composition was in Hebrew,

which was translated into Greek, and then to Latin, Armenian, Ethiopian and Georgian, but the

Hebrew and Greek editions have been lost.

Slightly differingLatin,Syriac,Arabic,Ethiopic,Georgian, andArmeniantranslations have

survived; the Greek version can be reconstructed (without absolute certainty, of course) from

these different translations, while the Hebrew text remains a bit more elusive.

TheEthiopianChurch considers 4 Ezra to becanonical, and calls it Izra Sutuel (); it

was also often cited by theFathers of the Church. In the Eastern Armenian tradition it is called 3

Ezra.

4 Ezra consists of seven visions ofEzrathe scribe. The first vision takes place as Ezra is still in

Babylon. He asks God how Israel can be kept in misery if God is just. ThearchangelUrielis sent
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to answer the question, responding that God's ways cannot be understood by the human mind.

Soon, however, the end would come, and God's justice would be made manifest. Similarly, in

the second vision, Ezra asks why Israel was delivered up to the Babylonians, and is again told

that man cannot understand this and that the end is near. In the third vision Ezra asks why

Israel does not possess the world. Uriel responds that the current state is a period of transition.

Here follows a description of the fate of evil-doers and the righteous. Ezra asks whether therighteous may intercede for the unrighteous onJudgment Day, but is told that "Judgment Day

is final".[11]

The next three visions are more symbolic in nature. The fourth is of a woman mourning for her

only son, who is transformed into a city when she hears of the desolation of Zion. Uriel says

that the woman is a symbol of Zion. The fifth vision concerns aneaglewith three heads and

twenty wings (twelve large wings and eight smaller wings "over against them"). The eagle is

rebuked by alionand then burned. The explanation of this vision is that the eagle refers to the

fourth kingdom of the vision ofDaniel, with the wings and heads as rulers. The final scene is the

triumph of theMessiahover the empire. The sixth vision is of a man, representing the Messiah,

who breathes fire on a crowd that is attacking him. This man then turns to another peaceful

multitude, which accepts him.

Finally, there is a vision of the restoration of scripture. God appears to Ezra in a bush and

commands him to restore theLaw. Ezra gathers five scribes and begins to dictate. After forty

days, he has produced ninety-four books: the twenty-four books of theTanakhand seventy

secret works:

"Make public the twenty-four books that you wrote first, and let the worthy and the

unworthy read them; but keep the seventy that were written last, in order to give them

to the wise among your people." (2 Esdras 14:45

46 RSV; 4 Ezra 12:45

46)

The "seventy" might refer to theSeptuagint, most of theapocrypha, or the Lost Books that are

described in the Bible.

Most Latin editions of the text have a large lacuna[12]

of seventy verses between 7:35 and 7:36

due to the fact that they trace their common origin to one early manuscript,Codex

Sangermanensis I, which was missing an entire page. In 1895Benslyand James published a

critical edition restoring the lost verses; it is this edition that is used in the Stuttgart edition of

theVulgate. The restored verses are numbered 7:36 to 7:106, with the former verses 7:377:69

renumbered to 7:1077:137.[13]

For more information, see the articleCodex Sangermanensis I.

Second Esdras turns around a radical spiritual conversion of Ezra in a vision, where he stops to

comfort a sobbing woman who turns instantly into a great city (2 Esd. 10:2527). On this pivotal

event, one scholar writes that Ezra

is badly frightened, he loses consciousness and calls for his angelic guide. The

experience described is unique not just in 4 Ezra but in the whole Jewish apocalyptic
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literature. Its intensity complements the pressure of unrelieved stress evident in the

first part of the vision, and it resembles the major orientation of personality usually

connected withreligious conversion.[14]

The following verses (10:2859) reveal that Ezra had a vision of the heavenly Jerusalem, the

true city of Zion, which the angel of the Lord invites him to explore. As the angel tells Ezra at theend of Chapter 10 in theAuthorised Version:

"And therefore fear not,

let not thine heart be affrighted,

but go thy way in,

and see the beauty and greatness of the building,

as much as thine eyes be able to see;

and then shalt thou hear as much as thine ears may comprehend.

For thou art blessed above many other

and artcalledwith the Highest and so are but few.

"But tomorrow at night thou shalt remain here and so shall the Highest show thee

visionsof the high things which the Most High will do unto them that dwell upon earth

in thelast days."

So I slept that night and another like as he commanded me (2 Esd. 10:5559).

6 Ezra

The last two chapters, also called 6 Ezra by scholars,[10]

and found in the Latin, but not in the

Eastern texts, predict wars and rebuke sinners. Many assume that they probably date from a

much later period (perhaps late third century) and may be Christian in origin; it is possible,

though not certain, that they were added at the same time as the first two chapters of the Latinversion. It is possible that they are Jewish in origin, however; 15:5759 have been found in

Greek, which most scholars agree was translated from a Hebrew original.

Author and criticism

The main body of the book appears to be written for consolation in a period of great distress

(most likelyTitus' destruction of theSecond Templein AD 70).[15]

The author seeks answers,

similar toJob's quest for understanding the meaning of suffering, but the author doesn't like or

desire only the answer that was given to Job.

Critics question whether even the main body of the book, not counting the chapters that exist

only in the Latin version and in Greek fragments, has a single author. Kalisch, De Faye, and

Charles hold that no fewer than five people worked on the text. However, Gunkel points to the

unity in character and holds that the book is written by a single author; it has also been

suggested that the author of II Esdras wrote theSyriac Apocalypse of Baruch.[15]

In any case, the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Birthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorised_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorised_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorised_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-Char-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-Char-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-Char-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_%28Biblical_figure%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_%28Biblical_figure%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_%28Biblical_figure%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Apocalypse_of_Baruchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Apocalypse_of_Baruchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Apocalypse_of_Baruchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job_%28Biblical_figure%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Templehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-Char-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apocalypsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorised_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Birth


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two texts may date from about the same time, and one almost certainly depends on the

other.[15]

Critics have widely debated the origin of the book. Hidden under two layers of translation it is

impossible to determine if the author was Roman, Alexandrian, or Palestinian.

The scholarly interpretation of the eagle being theRoman Empire(the eagle in the fifth vision,

whose heads might beVespasian,TitusandDomitianif such is the case) and the destruction of

the temple would indicate that the probable date of composition lies toward the end of the

first century, perhaps 9096, though some suggest a date as late as 218.[15]

Usage

The book is considered one of the gems of Jewish apocalyptic literature. Except for the

Orthodox Slavonic Bible (Ostrog Bible,Elizabeth Bible, and later consequentlyRussian Synodal

Bible), it was not received into European Christian canons. The Jewish Apocalypse of Ezra, i.e. 2Esdras 314, is regarded as Scripture in theEthiopian Orthodox Church, and it was also widely

cited by early Fathers of the Church, particularlyAmbrose of Milan. It may also be found in

many larger English Bibles included as part of theBiblical Apocrypha, as they exist in the King

James version, the Revised Standard Version, and the earliest editions of the CatholicDouay-

Rheims Bible, among others.[1]

The introitus of thetraditional Requiem Massin the Catholic Church is loosely based on 2:34

35: "Eternal rest grant unto them, O Lord, and let perpetual light shine upon them." Several

other liturgical prayers are taken from the book. In hisVulgate,Clement VIIIplaced the book in

an appendix after theNew Testamentwith the rest of the Biblical apocrypha, "lest they perish

entirely".[16]

See also

1 Esdras Ostrog Bible Vision of Ezra

Notes

1. ^Jump up to: abIncluding theKJB,RSV,NRSV,NEB,REB, andGNB2. Jump up ^NETBible,Apocalyptic Esdras3. Jump up ^4 Ezra is the title used in modern English translations as in Charlesworth's

(ISBN 978-0-385-09630-0). See also bibliography there.

4. Jump up ^Stone, Michael Edward (1990). Fourth Ezra; A Commentary on the Book ofFourth Ezra. Hermeneia.Fortress Press. p. 37.ISBN0-8006-6026-9.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Apocryphahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Apocryphahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Apocryphahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douay-Rheims_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douay-Rheims_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douay-Rheims_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douay-Rheims_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-list-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-list-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-list-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Requiem_Masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Requiem_Masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Requiem_Masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_VIIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_VIIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_VIIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Esdrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Esdrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_of_Ezrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_of_Ezrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_News_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_News_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_News_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-2http://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=Apocalyptic%20Esdrashttp://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=Apocalyptic%20Esdrashttp://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=Apocalyptic%20Esdrashttp://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=Apocalyptic%20Esdrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385096300http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385096300http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385096300http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-6026-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-6026-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-6026-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8006-6026-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortress_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385096300http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-3http://net.bible.org/dictionary.php?word=Apocalyptic%20Esdrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_News_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_English_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Standard_Versionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_James_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_ref-list_1-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_of_Ezrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_Esdrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement_VIIIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Requiem_Masshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-list-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douay-Rheims_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douay-Rheims_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_Apocryphahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambrose_of_Milanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Churchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Synodal_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrog_Biblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domitianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vespasianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_Esdras#cite_note-JewE-15


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5. Jump up ^For example, it is listed with the apocrypha in the AnglicanThirty-NineArticles of Religion.

6. Jump up ^Stone, 1.7. Jump up ^Bensley, R. The Fourth Book of Ezra, the Latin Edition edited form the MSS

Cambridge 1895

8. Jump up ^Metzger, the Fourth Book of Ezra in J. Charlesworth the Old TestamentPseudepigrapha vol 1 pag 517ss

9. Jump up ^See for example the articleEsdrasin the 1913Catholic Encyclopedia10.^Jump up to: abcSee for example B.M. Metzger, "The Fourth Book of Ezra", in

Charlesworth, James H. (ed.) The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, Vol 1 (1983). Garden

City, NY: Doubleday. p. 517.ISBN 978-0-385-09630-0

11.Jump up ^2 Esd7:102-104, GNB12.Jump up ^Article from Early Jewish Writings13.Jump up ^Biblia Sacra Vulgata, 4th edition, 1994,ISBN 3-438-05303-9.14.Jump up ^Stone, 31.15.^Jump up to: abcdJewish Encyclopedia article16.Jump up ^Clementine Vulgate, Note to the Appendix

External links

Wikisourcehas original text related to this article:

The King James Version of 2 Esdras

Holy Bible, Douay-Rheims Version, O.T. Part 2atProject Gutenberg. (See in theappendix: The Fovrth Booke of Esdras in a 1610 translation. Also included isRobert

Lubbock Bensly's 1874 translation of a "rediscovered" 70-verse fragment (7:36-105) on apage that was omitted from the 1610 translation, though present in all earlier versions.)

Revised Standard Version (includes the missing page with 7:36105) 2 Esdras at earlyjewishwritings.com Latin text of 2 (4) Esdras World Wide Study Bible: 2 Esdras Catholic Encyclopedia: Esdras: The Books of Esdras: IV Esdras Jewish Encyclopedia: Esdras, Books of: II Esdras 2 Esdras 1NRSV King James version of 2 Esdras.

Ezra/Esdras Chart

[show]

v t e
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