2 fauvism arts&crafts expressionism

7/21/2019 2 Fauvism Arts&Crafts Expressionism

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Fauvism

An early twentieth century art movement and

style of painting in France. The name Fauves,

French for "Wild Beasts," was given to artists

adhering to this style because it was felt that

they used intense colors in a violent,

uncontrolled way. The leader of the Fauves

was Henri Matisse (French, 1869-1954).


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A New Approach to Color in Art

Inspired by

Fauvism

Paul Gauguin (1884-1903)

Vision After The Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with an Angel)

(oil on canvas, 1888)

National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh


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The Roots of Fauvism

Fauvism has its roots inthe post-impressionist

paintings of Paul Gauguin.

It was his use of symbolic

colour that pushed art

towards the style ofFauvism.

Gauguin believed that

colour had a mysticalquality that could express

our feelings about a

subject rather than simply

describe a scene.

Gauguin proposed

that colour had a

symbolic vocabulary

which could be used

to visually translate arange of emotions.

By breaking the

established descriptive

role that colour had in

painting, he inspired the

younger artists of his day

to experiment with new

possibilities for colour in

art.


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Two Fauvist Artists: Matisse and Derain

Henri Matiss e (1869-1954)

The Open Wind ow, Coll iou re (oil on c anvas, 1905)

The National Gallery of Art, Washin gtonAnd rDerain (1880-1954 )

Portrait of Henri Matisse (oil on canvas, 1906)

The Tate Gallery, Lo ndo n


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And rDerain (1880-1954 )

Turning Road at L'Estaque (oil on canvas, 1906)

Museum o f Fine Arts, Housto n Texas

Fauvism Notes

Fauvism was a style of painting developed in

France at the beginning of the 20th century by HenriMatisse and Andr Derain.

The artists who painted in this style were known as

'Les Fauves'.

The title 'Les Fauves' (the wild beasts) came from a

sarcastic remark by the art critic Louis Vauxcelles.

Les Fauves believed that colour should be used to

express the artist's feelings about a subject, rather

than simply to describe what it looks like.

Fauvist paintings have two main characteristics:

simplified drawing and exaggerated colour.

Les Fauves were a great influence on the German

Expressionists.


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Henri Matisse

Green Stripe (Madame Matisse)

Harmony in Red


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The Dance

"We move tow ards sereni ty throu gh the s impl i f ication of ideas

and fo rm .... .. .Details lessen th e puri ty of lin es, they harm th e

emotional intensity, and we choose to reject them. Matisse


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Lydia Delectorskya

Matisse

Forms, White torso and blue torso


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By 1951, the artist had stopped painting and devoted himself exclusively to making large-scale paper cutouts anddrawings. Later compositions, such as this one, focused on larger, bolder, and more simplified shapes. Here, the

abstracted "snow flowers" are a mixture of white plant and petal forms, placed against a patchwork of bold color.Although they appear to be wholly imaginary, one small plant growing up from the bottom center edge suggests that

Matisse's title and his shapes were inspired by the snowdrop, a small frosty-white, bell-shaped flower that blooms inearly spring.

The Snail


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With the aid of his assistants, Matisse invented a

systematic approach to the technique of his cut outs..

First, his studio assistants brushed Linel gouaches onsheets of white paper.

Once dry a stockpile of colored paper were available to

Matisse at any given time. He often quite

spontaneously cut out elements and placed them into

compositions. As the play between consciously sought-

for and the fortuitously-arrived at effects worked intotheir balances the projects moved toward completion. In

the meantime many of them were posted about the

studio walls.

The Linel gouaches were employed because they

"directly corresponded to commercial printers ink

colors" (Cowart 17) and would reproduce perfectly. Thecut-outs pulsate with energy. The bright, vibrant Linel

colors, deep and Light Japanese Green, vert Emeraude

(Imitation veridian), Deep Cadmium Yellow, Deep

Cadmium Red, Deep Persian Red, Persian Violet, and

Yellow Ochre (Cowart 274), keep leaping in front of our

eyes.

Technique of the Cut Outs


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Expressionism

Early 20thCentury


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Expressionism1905-1925

An art movement dominant inGermany from 1905-1925, especiallyDie Brckeand Der Blaue Reiter,which are usually referred to asGerman Expressionism, anticipatedby Francisco de Goya (Spanish, 1746-1828), Vincent van Gogh (Dutch,1853-1890), Paul Gauguin (French,

1848-1903) and others.

Expressionism- in the more generalsense A quality of inner experience,the emotions of the artist

(expressive qualities) communicatedthrough emphasis and distortion,which can be found in artworks ofany period.

James Ensor

Edvard Munch

Emile Nolde

Georges RouaultErnst Ludwig

Erich Heckel

Max BeckmannKarl Schmidt-Rottluff

Egon SchieleOtto Dix

George Grosz

and more


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James Ensor

Belgian Artist


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Christs Entry into Brussels

James Ensor

Belgian, Ostend, 1888


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James Ensor took on religion, politics, and art in this scene of Christ entering contemporary Brussels in a Mardi Gras parade. In

response to the French pointillist style, Ensor used palette knives, spatulas, and both ends of his brush to put down patches of

color with expressive freedom. He made several preparatory drawings for the painting, including one in the J. Paul Getty

Museum's collection.

Ensor's society is a mob, threatening to trample the viewer--a crude, ugly, chaotic, dehumanized sea of masks, frauds, clowns,

and caricatures. Public, historical, and allegorical figures along with the artist's family and friends made up the crowd. Thehaloed Christ at the center of the turbulence is in part a self-portrait: mostly ignored, a precarious, isolated visionary amidst

the herdlike masses of modern society. Ensor's Christ functioned as a political spokesman for the poor and oppressed--a

humble leader of the true religion, in opposition to the atheist social reformer Emile Littr, shown in bishop's garb holding a

drum major's baton leading on the eager, mindless crowd.

After rejection by Les XX, the artists' association that Ensor had helped to found, the painting was not exhibited publicly until

1929. Ensor displayed Christ's Entry prominently in his home and studio throughout his life. With its aggressive, painterly style

and merging of the public with the deeply personal, Christ's Entry was a forerunner of twentieth-century Expressionism.

Christs Entry into Brussels

Belgian, Ostend, 1888


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Ensor 's sel f por trai t

Two Skeletons Fight ing Over a Hanged Man
http://echostains.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/two-skelton-fighting-over-a-hanged-man.jpghttp://echostains.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/jamesensor-portraitoftheartistsu-1.jpg


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Edvard Munch

Norwegian Artist


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Edvard Munch(b. Dec. 12, 1863,Norway d. Jan. 23,

1944,)

Norwegian painter and printmaker

whose intense, evocative treatment of

psychological and emotional themes

was a major influence on the

development of German

Expressionism in the early 20th

century.His painting The Cry

(1893) is regarded as an icon

of human anguish.His work often included the symbolic

portrayal of such themes as misery,

sickness, and death. The Cry, probably

his most familiar painting, is typical in

its anguished expression of isolation

and fear.

Munch's parents, a brother, and a

sister died while he was still young,

which probably explains the bleakness

and pessimism of much of his work.

Paintings such as The Sick Child(1886),

Vampire(1893-94), andAshes(1894)

show his preoccupation with the

darker aspects of life.

The Scream


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Painted in 1893, The Screamis Munch's most famous work and one of the

most recognizable paintings in all art. It has been widely interpreted as

representing the universal anxiety of modern man. Painted with broad bands

of garish color and highly simplified forms, and employing a high viewpoint, the

agonized figure is reduced to a garbed skull in the throes of an emotional

crisis. With this painting,Munch met his stated goal of the study of the soul,

that is to say the study of my own self.

Munch wrote of how the paint ing came to be:" I was walk ing dow n the

road with tw o fr iends when the sun set ; suddenly , the sky turned as red

as bloo d. I stop ped and leaned against th e fence, feel ing unsp eakably

t i red. Tongues of f ire and blo od stretched o ver the blu ish black f jord . My

fr iends w ent on w alk ing, whi le I lagged behin d, shiver ing w ith fear. Then Iheard the eno rmou s, inf ini te scream of nature." He later descr ibed th e

personal anguish behind the painting, for several years I was almost

madYou know my picture, The Scream? I was stretched to the limit

nature was screaming in my blood After that I gave up hope ever of

being able to love again.


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Madonna Dead Mother


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Vampire


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Puberty


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the Nazis labeled Munch's work "degenerate art" (along with

Picasso, Paul Klee, Matisse, Gauguin and many other

modern artists) and removed his 82 works from German

museums.

Hitler announced in 1937,

For all we care, those prehistoric Stone Age culture

barbar ians and art-stut terers can return to the caves of th eir

ancestors and th ere can apply th eir pr imit ive internat ionalscratching.[


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Egon Schiele

Austrian Artist


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Dead Mother

Egon Schiele(12 June 189031

October 1918) was an Austrian

painter. A protg of Gustav Klimt,Schiele was a major figurative painter

of the early 20th century.

Schiele's work is noted for its intensity,and the many self-portraits the artist

produced. The twisted body shapes and

the expressive line that characterize

Schiele's paintings and drawings mark the

artist as an early exponent of

Expressionism, although still strongly

associated with the art nouveau

movement.

Style of work:Egon Schiele is known for being

grotesque, erotic, pornographic, and

disturbing, focusing on sex, death,and discovery. He focused on

portraits of others as well as himself.

He showed agony, poverty and

death.


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Agony

Work is characterized by fragility and tension


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Blind Mother


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Death and The Maiden


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Hermits.1912. Oil on canvas. 71 1/4 x 71 1/4".


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Self Portraits
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Egon-Schiele-Anton-Josef-Trcka-1914.jpg


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Max Beckmann

German Expressionist

Departure


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The Nigh t


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Emile Nolde

German Expressionist

Los t Paradise

Dancers with Candles


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The Proph et

Pentecost


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Sea Red Sun


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Arts and Crafts Movement

1850- 1900

Pioneer of this Movement:

William Morris


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By the middle of the 18thcentury the cottage systemwas beginning to disappear as

a result of a series ofimportant inventions. Handequipment could not competewith the costly new machines,which were power-operatedand had to be installed in largebuildings, called factories.Spinners and weavers werehired to work in factories

instead of at home. Theeconomic system of capitalismwas thus developing, with themeans of production owned

by persons who hired workers.

England excelled in the making of woollen

and cotton cloth. The new demand at home

as well as in the colonies caused steady

growth of English textile manufacturing. The

method of manufacture on the eve of the

Industrial Revolution was the cottage,

domestic, or putting-out, system .

Merchants bought raw wool or cotton and

put it out in the cottages of workers who

spun it into thread and wove it into cloth.

Each process required a different set of

laborers, who did the work on their own

spinning wheels or hand looms.
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Industrialization of England

Revolutionary developments in the textile

industry:

Flying Shuttle

Spinning Jenny

Cotton Jin
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TheArts and Crafts Movement (1850-1900) was a reactionagainst the Industrial Revolution. The cities and towns grew to accommodate the

expanding industries and the influx of workers from the countryside looking for

employment. However, living standards gradually deteriorated and

industrialisation left people with a sense that their life had changed for the worst.

Many had sacrificed a rural lifestyle 'in England 's green and pleasant land' for the

sake of a job in the 'dark Satanic m il ls' of the Industrial Revolution. As a result,

they lost that feeling of security and belonging which comes from living in smaller

communities.

The 'dark Satanic mil ls' of the Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution, the change from the


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use of hand methods of manufacturing to

machine methods.

This change, which began in England about

1750 and later spread to other countries,is called a revolution because it brought

vast changes in the way people work and

live. It created an industrialized society

one in which large-scale mechanizedmanufacturing replaced farming as the

main source of jobs.

Progress in technology and in industrial

development has been almost continuoussince the Industrial Revolution began. Since

1900, and particularly since World War II,

industry and technology have advanced at

an ever-increasing rate. In a sense, the

revolution that began around 1750 has

never ended.

The term industrial revolution

was originated by J. A.

Blanqui, a 19th-century

French economist. The term

came into popular use after

Arnold Toynbee, a Britisheconomist, published the

book The Industrial

Revolution in 1884.

THE ARTS AND CRAFTS


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THE ARTS AND CRAFTSMOVEMENT (ACM) aimed topromote a return to hand-craftsmanship and to assert the

creative independence ofindividual craftspeople.

It was a reaction against the

industrialised society that hadboomed in Britain in theVictorian period, and aimed forsocial as well as artistic reform.

Its example was followed inother countries, particularly theU.S.A. After the 1914-18 war,other artistic trends overtook

the ACM, and it declined.


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Artichoke by William Morris
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Artichoke_wallpaper_Morris_and_Co_J_H_Dearle.jpg


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The Ideals of the Arts and Crafts

MovementThe members of the Arts and Crafts Movement included artists,

architects, designers, craftsmen and writers. They feared that

industrialisation was destroying the environment in which

traditional skills and crafts could prosper, as machineproduction had taken the pride, skill and design out of the

quality of goods being manufactured.

They believed that hand crafted objects were

superior to those made by machine and that the ruralcraftsman had a superior lifestyle to those who slaved

in the urban mills and factories. They were convinced thatthe general decline of artistic standards brought on by

industrialisation was linked to the nation's social and moral
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[William Morris wallpaper featuring acanthus

leaves, c. 1875.]

William Morris was aleading member of the Artsand Crafts Movement.
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William Morris

and Crafts Movement.

Morris is mostly known as a designer of patterns forwallpaper and textiles.

Morris was also an artist, designer, printer,

typographer, bookbinder, craftsman, poet, writer andchampion of socialist ideals.

Morris believed that the art and design of his own timewas inferior and unworthy. He felt that this was due tothe poor quality of life during the Industrial Revolution.

Morris believed that nature was the perfect exampleof God's design.

Morris believed that all design should be based onnature which he saw as the spiritual remedy to theinferior standards of art and design during theIndustrial Revolution.

Morris encouraged artists and designers to look backto medieval art for their inspiration as this was a timewhen artists and craftsmen worked together withequal status.

Morris founded the Kelmscott Press to createbeautiful handmade books which would elevate the

craft of printing to an art form.

inspired by John Ruskins socialist

ideals and attacks on

mechanisation and

standardisation


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ART NOUVEAU

a style of art, architecture, and

decoration popular in the 1890s that

used stylized natural forms and

flowing lines

Art Nouveau French for "The New Art " An


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Art Nouveau- French for "The New Art." An

international art movement and style of decoration and

architecture of the late nineteenth and early twentieth

centuries, characterized particularly by the curvilinear

depiction of leaves and flowers, often in the form of

vines. Characteristics: foliate forms, with sinuous lines,

and non-geometric, "whiplash" curves.

Gustav Klimt (Austrian, 1862-1918), Alphonse

Mucha (Czechoslovakian, 1860-1939),Henri de

Toulouse-Lautrec (French, 1861-1901), AubreyBeardsley (English, 1872-1898), Antonio Gaud

(Spanish, 1852-1926), and Hector Guimard (French,

1867-1942) were among the most prominent artists

associated with this style.

Art Nouveau


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The roots of Art Nouveau go back to

is known in Germany as Jugenst i land in England asYellow Book Sty le.

In America, it inspired, among others, Louis ComfortTiffany (1848-1933).The name is derived from "La Maison de l'Art Nouveau," a gallery for interior

design that opened in Paris in 1896.

Symbolism

Romanticism

Arts &

Crafts

Movement

William

Morris


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Louis Comfort TiffanyLouis Comfort Tiffany(18481933) was

an American artist and designer whoworked in the decorative arts and is best

known for his work in stained glass.

He is the American artist most associated

with the Art Nouveau and Aesthetic

movements.

Tiffany designed

stained glass windows and lamps,

glass mosaics,

blown glass,

ceramics,

jewelry,

enamels and metalwork.

The Entrance Hall of the White House in 1882,

showing the newly installed Tiffany glass screens.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:White_House_entrance-hall_Tiffany_screen_1882_crop.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WLA_nyhistorical_Tiffany_Studios_5.jpg


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Reid Presbyter ian Church

Richmo nd, IndianaSouthern window in Reid Presbyterian Church

It features Christ in the center flanked by the four

gospel writers and their symbols,

Mark (lion), Luke (ox), John (eagle), and Matthew (face

of a man).

Venetian Desk Lamp
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WLA_nyhistorical_Tiffany_Studios_5.jpg


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Tiffany Glass


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Magnolia and Irises, ca. 1908


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four-columned

loggia


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Gustav Klimt

Avant Garde

Austrian Artist

An Avant Garde Artist who influenced the


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European art of the time. Gustav Klimt,

1862 -1918, . Painter /Illustrator

founder of the school of painting known as

the Vienna Sezession,

embodies

the high-keyed erotic,

psychological, andaesthetic preoccupations of turn-of-the-

century Vienna's dazzling intellectual

world.

He has been called the preeminent

advocate of ART NOUVEAU.

Bildnis Fritza Riedler

1906


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Klimt's work is often distinguished

by

elegant gold or coloured

decoration,

spirals and swirls,

and

phallic shapes used to conceal themore erotic positions of the

drawings upon which many of his

paintings are based.

One of the most common themesKlimt used was that of the

dominant woman, the femme

fatale.


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The Kiss

1907-08Gustav Klimt

Austrian Painter

Hop e II


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Hope I(1903) juxtaposes the promise of new life with the

destroying force of death.


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The Beethov en Frieze

1902


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The primal forces of sexuality,

regeneration, love, and death form thedominant themes of Klimt's work.

His paintings of femmes fatales, such as

Jud i th I(1901)personify the dark side of

sexual attraction.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gustavklimt.jpg


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Danae

1907

Danae, seemingly underwater, thighs drawn up.Gold and silver seminal flow rising between her

legs. Very erotic.

The legend concerns her mating with Zeus in

the form of a gold shower, to conceive Perseus,

which is depicted here. The eroticism is highly

intentional: the red hair, etc. The small blackrectangle is Klimt's reduction of maleness to an

abstract symbol.


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Danae and th e shower of Gold by Tit ian

1554

Venetian

Renaissance


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The Tree of Life

Gustav Klimt

The Tree of Life is an important symbol in nearly every culture. With its branches reaching into

the sky, and roots deep in the earth, it dwells in three worlds- a link between heaven, the earth,

and the underworld, uniting above and below. It is both a feminine symbol, bearing sustenance,

and a masculine, visibly phallic symbol- another union.


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Death and Life


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Henri de Toulouse Lautrec

French Artist

Henri de Toulouse Lautrec (French)


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An impressionist with Roots in Art Nouveau

through his posters


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Aubrey Beardsly

English Illustrator

Aubrey Beardsly


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Aubrey BeardslyEnglish Illustrator

For an artist intimately fascinated

with line, Aubrey Beardsley walked

many of them himself. He walked a

line between sickness and health,

suffering from tuberculosis as a child

and facing repeated bouts of ill-

health before succumbing to it at the

age of 25.

His images broke the rules of

perspective and proportion; and hissubject matter, often of a darkly

fantastic and overtly sexual nature,

broke the rules of propriety.
http://www.artpassions.net/cgi-bin/getaddress.pl?../artsycraftsy/beardsley/ab_cinderella.jpg


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Cinderellas Slippers

Isolde
http://www.artpassions.net/cgi-bin/getaddress.pl?../artsycraftsy/beardsley/ab_cinderella.jpg


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Withered Sprin g

Achieving Sangreal


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2 fauvism arts&crafts expressionism

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