2. federal courts, civil liberties, and civil rights · 2017-09-05 · rights and civil liberties...
TRANSCRIPT
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2. Federal Courts, Civil Liberties, and Civil Rights
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2.1 Structure and Processes of the Judicial System
2.2 The Development of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties by Judicial Implementation
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2.3 The Bill of Rights
2.4 Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
2.5 Equal Protection and Due Process
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2.1. Structure and Processes of the Judicial System
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2.1.1 The Supreme Court
2.1.2 Judicial Implementation and the Lower Federal Courts
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2.1.1. The Supreme Court
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The Marshall Court Marbury v. Madison Fletcher v. Peck Dartmouth College v. Woodward
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Both Conservatives and the public like the idea of an independent judiciary
The number of Supreme Court Justices has become part of the informal Constitution
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Plaintiff
Defendants
Original jurisdiction
Appellate jurisdiction
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Writ of Certiorari4/9 Justices must agree to hear the case
= rule of four
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Types of Decisions: Unanimous
Majority Concurring
Dissenting
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2.1.2. Judicial Implementation and the Lower Federal Courts
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MODULE 2.5: Equal Protection and Due Process
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Chief Justice of the Supreme Court • Manages Supreme
Court
• Presides over federal court system
• Judicial Conference = sets agenda
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Appellate Courts • United States Court of
Appeals
• 13 federal = U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
• No evidence
• Recourse = Supreme Court
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2.2. The Development of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties by
Judicial Implementation
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MODULE 2.5: Equal Protection and Due Process
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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas …
• a landmark case that overturned
Plessy v. Ferguson
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“One person one vote” Baker v. CarrReynolds v. Sims Evenwel v. Abbott
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Civil liberties = Negative rights
Right to privacy
Griswold v. Connecticut
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More right to privacy decisions: Bowers v. Hardwick
Lawrence v. Texas
Obergefell v. Hodges
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Judicial activism
Judicial restraint
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2.3. The Bill of Rights
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Bill of Rights ratified in December 1791
2 Amendments not ratified
Bill of Rights applies to the Federal Government but does not bind the state governments
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2.4. Incorporation of the Bill of Rights
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1st Amendment
Freedom of Religion
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Lynch v. Donnelly
Agnostini v. Felton
Zelman v. Simmons-Harris
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1st Amendment
Freedom of Expression
Schenk v. U.S.
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1st AmendmentFreedom of Speech
Brandenburg v. Ohio
Freedom of the Press
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2.5. Equal Protection and Due Process
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4th-8th Amendments: Limit police power of states
&
Guarantee right to fair legal & judicial proceedings
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Supreme Court affirms rights inherent in 4th-8th Amendments:
Mapp v. Ohio = exclusionary rule
Gideon V. Wainwright
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
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6th Amendment = right to criminal trial
7th Amendment = right to civil trial
8th Amendment = no excessive bail, no unusual punishments
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Equal protection
4th-8th Amendments:
Amounts to equal protection But equal protection
Not explicit until 14th Amendment
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“Due Process” 5th 14th
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9th Amendment: just because some rights are listed, doesn’t mean others are denied
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10th Amendment:
Powers not delegated to the federal government states
(where the federal government does not exercise power, the states may do so)