2 fundamental of property_ppt.pptx

8/15/2019 2 fundamental of property_ppt.pptx

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CLASSIFICATION OF THINGS:

Res Nullius- (belonging to no one) fish swimming in the sea,wil bi!s, "ebbles l#ing on the sea sho!e$

Res Communes- (belonging to e%e!#one) thei! &se anen'o#ment a!e gi%en to all manin- eam"le "&bli* "a!s, the

ai! that we b!eathe, the win, the s&nlight$

Res Alicujus- these a!e ob'e*ts tangible an intangible, whi*h

a!e owne "!i%atel#, eithe! in a *olle*ti%e o! ini%i&al *a"a*it#an "!e*isel# be*a&se the# *an be owne,, the# !eall# sho&l

be *onsie!e +"!o"e!t#- e$ o&! "a!*el of lan$


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6$) Animal ho&ses, "igeons-ho&ses, beehi%e, fish "ons, o! b!eeing "la*es of

simila! nat&!e, in *ase thei! owne! has "la*e them o! "!ese!%e them with the

intention to ha%e them "e!manentl# atta*he to the lan, an fo!ming a"e!manent "a!t of it/ the animals in these "la*es a!e in*l&e/

7$) Fe!tili8e! a*t&all# &se on a "ie*e of lan/

9) 5ines, &a!!ies, an slag &m"s, while the matte! the!eof fo!ms "a!t of the

be, an wate!s eithe! !&nning o! stagnant/

;$)


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Academic Classi$cation of Real %ro!erties

a) Real !ro!ert" " nature (li&e trees and !lants) ) Real !ro!erties " incor!oration (li&e a uilding)

c) Real !ro!ert" " destination or !ur!ose (li&e machiner"!laced " the owner of a tenement on it for direct use in anindustr" to e carried on therein)

d) Real !ro!ert" " analog" (li&e the right to usufruct or a

contract for !ulic wor&s or easements and servitudes


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ection. * of R+Ade$nes#

a) ,Real +states- refers to the land and all those items which are

attachedto the land. t is the !h"sical tangile entit" together with all theadditions and im!rovements on aove or elow the ground.

) ,Real +states develo!ment !roject- means the develo!ment of landfor

residential commercial industrial agricultural institutional orrecreational !ur!oses or an" comination of such including ut notlimited to tourist resorts reclamation !rojects uilding or housing

!rojects whether for individual or condominium ownershi!memorial

!ar&s and other of similar nature. c) ,real estates develo!er- refers to an" natural or juridical !erson

engaged in the usiness of develo!ing real estate develo!ment!roject for his/her or its own account and o0ering them for sale orlease.

d) ,Real !ro!ert"- includes all rights interest and ene$ts related to


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Article 420. The following things are property of public dominion:

1. Those intended for public use, such as roads, canals, rivers ,torrents, ports and bridges

constructed by the state, banks, shores, roadsteads and other similar character.

2. Those which belong to the State, without being for public use, and are intended for some

public service or the development of national wealth.

Article 421 All other property of the State, which is not the character stated in the

preceding article , is patrimonial property

!"#$S%&'

Article 42(. wnership may be e)ercised o*er things or rights

Ownership is the independent and general right of a person to control a thing

particularly in his possession, enjoyment, disposition, and recovery, subject to no

restrictions ecept those imposed by the State or private persons, without prejudice to the

provision of the the law.


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N2 3 3N+R6% #

a) ull ownershi!7 (dominion or jus in re !ro!ia7 this includes all therights of an owner

) Na&ed 3wnershi! !lus usufruct full ownershi!

c) 8sufruct e9uals full ownershi! minus na&ed

ownershi!d) Na&ed ownershi! e9uals full ownershi! minususufruct

e) ole ownershi!7 where ownershi! is vested onl" in one!erson

f) Co7ownershi!7 where the ownershi! is vested in two or moreowners


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Article 428. The owner has the right to enjoy and dispose of a thing, without

other limitations than those established by law

The owner has also a right of action against the holder and possessor of the

thing in order to recover it.

Rights of an owner under the Civil Code”

a) the right to enjoy

b) the right to dispose

c) the right to recover or vindicate

The right to enjoy includes”

a) the right to possess

b) the right to use

c) the right to the fruits

The right to dispose includes

a) the right to consume or destroy or abuse

b) the right to encumber or alienate


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*ights of an "wner under *oman +()

a jus possidendi – the right to possess

b jus utendi – the right to use

c jus fruendi – the right to the fruits

d jus abutendi- the right to consume $and also to transform or abusee jus disponendi-the right to dispose

f jus vindicandi- the right to recover

*D! T" *C"/* *(+ P*"P*T0

1orcible entry

2nlawful detainer

(ccion publiciana

(ccion reinvidicatoria

The right of "wnership 3ot (bsolute

The welfare of the people is the supreme law –alus populi est suprema li4

4ample5 destroy a house so that fire would not spread

2se your property so as not to impair the right of others

4ample5 To prohibit structure offensive to sight


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:imitations im!osed " the tate# %olice !ower %ower of Ta;ation %ower

of +minent 2omain :imitations im!osed " the :aw @ The owner or lawful !ossessor of a thing has the right toe;clude an" !erson from the enjo"ment and dis!osal thereof. or this!ur!ose he ma" use such force as ma" e reasonal" necessar" to re!elor !revent an actual or threatened unlawful !h"sical invasion orusur!ation of his !ro!ert"


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IN2 OF S2LF H2L?

A>TICL2 31= @ 2%e!# owne! ma# en*lose o! fen*e his lan o! tenements b# means

of walls, it*hes, li%e o! ea heges, o! b# an# othe! means witho&t et!iment to

se!%it&es *onstit&te the!eon$

A>TICL2 31.$ The owne! of a thing *annot mae &se the!eof in s&*h manne! as to

in'&!e the !ights of a thi! "e!son$

>e*o&!se to &i*ial ?!o*ess

The t!&e owne! has to !eso!t to '&i*ial "!o*ess to !e*o%e! his "!o"e!t#, onl# if the

"ossesso! oes not want to s&!!ene! the "!o"e!t# to him, afte! "!o"e! !e&est o!

eman has been mae$ &i*ial "!o*ess m&st then be ha to "!e%ent ist&!ban*es

of the "ea*e

A>TICL2 314$ No "e!son shall be e"!i%e of his "!o"e!t# e*e"t b# *om"etent

a&tho!it# an fo! "&bli* &se an alwa#s &"on "a#ment of '&st *om"ensation$

Sho&l this !e&i!ement be not fi!st *om"lie with, the *o&!ts shall "!ote*t an, in a

"!o"e! *ase, !esto!e the owne! in his "ossession


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&st *om"ensationB a fai! an f&ll e&i%alent %al&e of the loss s&staine

Sale @ ol&nta!#

2"!o"!iation- In%ol&nta!#

A>TICL2 316$ Dhen an# "!o"e!t# is *onemne o! sei8e b# *om"etent a&tho!it#

in the inte!est of health#, safet# o! se*&!it#, the owne! the!eof shall not be entitle

to *om"ensation, &nless he *an show that s&*h *onemnation o! sei8&!e is&n'&stifie

Abatement of N&isan*es:

a) ?&bli* n&isan*e that whi*h affe*ts a *omm&nit# o! a *onsie!ablemembe! of "e!sons

b) ?!i%ate n&isan*e

*) N&isan*e "e! se- n&isan*e &ne! all *i!*&mstan*es

e) N&isan*e "e! a**ients- n&isan*e onl# &ne! *e!tain *i!*&mstan*es,

lie a fa*to!#, sit&ate in a !esiential ist!i*t


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R6T 3 ACC+3N

Article 440. The ownership of property gives the right by accession to

everything which is produced thereby, or which is incorporated or attachedthereto, either naturally or artificially

Accession is the right of a property owner to everything which is

a) produced therebyb) or which is incorporated or attached thereto either naturally or

artificially

1) natural accession

2) artificial accession

Accession discrete to the fruits)

1) natural fruits

2) industrial fruits

!)civil fruits


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"ith reference to real property

a) accession industrial

1)#uilding2)planting

!)sowing

$ndustrial fruits are those produced by lands of any %ind through

cultivation or labor

b)accession natural1) alluviu&

b) avulsion

c) change of course of rivers

d) for&ation of island

'ivil fruits are the rents of buildings, the price of leases of lands

and other property


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Article 44(. "hatever us build, planted or sown on the land of another

and the i&prove&ents or repairs &ade thereon, belong to the ownerof the land, subect to the provisions of the following articles

$f a landowner upon whose land grows a tree with branches

e*tending to the neighboring tene&ent, decides to cut down the tree,

and thus deprive his neighbor of whatever advantages the branches

afforded the neighbor such as for shade purposes) he is not re+uired

to pay his neighbor any inde&nity occasioned by the loss of thebranches for he &erely cuts down what is his, by the principle of

accessories

Article 4(. To the owners of lands adoining the ban%s of rivers

belong the accretion which they gradually receive fro& the effects of

the current of the waters


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ALLUVIUM – is the soil deposited or added to the ladsad!oii" the #a$s o% ri&ers' ad "rad(all) re*ei&ed as ae+e*t o% the *(rret o% the ,aters' ) La,' the a**retio is o,ed #) the o,er o% the estate%roti" the ri&er #a$ /riparia o,er0 i+ere*e #et,ee ALLUVIUM ad ACCRETION

A**retio is the pro*ess ,here#) the soil is deposited All(&i(23 is the soil deposited o the estate %roti" the ri&er#a$' the o,er o% s(*h estate is the riparia o,er Fail(re to re"ister the a*4(ired all(&ial deposit #) a**retio %or

a period o% 56 )ears s(#!e*ts said a**retio to a*4(isitio thr(pres*riptio #) third persos.


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62!7"3 /. C!T0 "1 (3!+(

A ho&se nea! a !i%e! was en*lose b# a high wall whi*h "!ote*te the estate$

Sho&l the all&%i&m immeiatel# o&tsie the wall belong to the owne! of theho&seE

Hel: No, the all&%i&m he!e oes not belong to the owne! of the ho&se o! lan

be*a&se the !eason wh# all&%i&m is allowe b# the law oes not eist he!e$ The

"!esen*e of the wall ha!l# maes "ossible an# loss f!om the wate!s that the

estate ma# s&ffe!$ Hen*e, the all&%i&m *annot be gi%en to the owne! of the estate$

A* *!eations on the ban of a lae, lie Lag&na e a#, belong to the owne!s of

the estate to whi*h the# ha%e been ae$

Laesho!e lan o! lans a'a*ent to the lae m&st be iffe!entiate f!om fo!esho!e

lan o! that "a!t of the lan a'a*ent to the sea whi*h is alte!natel# *o%e!e anleft !# b# the o!ina!# flow of the ties$ S&*h istin*tion !aws im"o!tan*e f!om

the fa*t that a**!etion on the ban of a lae, belong to the owne!s of the estate

to whi*h the# ha%e been ae, while a**!etion on a sea ban still belongs to

the /"&bli* omain, an is not a%ailable fo! "!i%ate owne!shi"$


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It is th&s *lea! that if a "o!tion of lan "!ote*te b# a To!!ens Ce!tifi*ate of Title is

lost b# a%&lsion, the !egiste!e owne! is NOT "!ote*te b# the !egist!ation: he

loses sai "o!tion$ "on the othe! han, an all&%ial e"osit oes not a&tomati*all#

be*ome !egiste!e lan sim"l# be*a&se the lot whi*h !e*ei%es it is *o%e!e b# a

To!!ens Title $ Altho&gh the owne! of the lan on whi*h the all&%ial e"osit is mae

be*omes a&tomati*all# the owne! of sai e"osit, the law not !e&i!ing an# a*t of

"ossession on his "a!t f!om the moment the e"osit be*omes manifest, still

owne!shi" of a"ie*e of lan is one thing, an !egist!ation &ne! the To!!ens

S#stem of the owne!shi" is &ite anothe!, Owne!shi" o%e! the a**!etion !e*ei%e

is go%e!ne b# the Ci%il Coe$ Im"!es*!i"tibilit# of !egiste!e lan is "!o%ie in

the !egist!ation law$$ In o!e! that sai all&%ial "!o"e!t# ma# be entitle to the

"!ote*tion of im"!es*!i"tibilit#, the same m&st be "la*e &ne! the o"e!ation of the

Lan >egist!ation Law$ An &n!egiste!e all&%ial "!o"e!t# is the!efo!e s&b'e*t to

a*&isition th!o&gh "!es*!i"tion b# thi! "e!sons$


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A!t$390$ If a b&iling, wall, *ol&mn, o! an# othe! *onst!&*tion is in ange!

of falling, the owne! shall be oblige to emolish it o! ee*&te the ne*essa!#wo! in o!e! to "!e%ent it f!om falling$

If the "!o"!ieto! oes not *om"l# with this obligation, the aminist!ati%e

a&tho!ities ma# o!e! the emolition of the st!&*t&!e at the e"ense of the

owne!, o! tae meas&!es to ins&!e "&bli* safet#$

A!t$393$ The!e is *o-owne!shi" whene%e! the owne!shi" of an &ni%ie

thing o! !ight belongs to iffe!ent "e!sons$

In efa&lt of *ont!a*ts, o! of s"e*ial "!o%isions, *o-owne!shi" shall be

go%e!ne b# the "!o%isions of this Title$


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MOES OF AC7UIRIN8 O9NERS:IP

uccession

3ccu!ation

:aw

Tradition as a conse9uence of certain contracts (li&ethe contracts of sale arter assignment sim!le loanor mutuum ntellectual Creation

2onation

%rescri!tion


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uccession is a moe of a*&isition b# %i!t&e of whi*h the "!o"e!t#, !ights an obligations to

the etent of the %al&e of the inhe!itan*e, of a "e!son a!e t!ansmitte th!o&gh his eath to

anothe! o! othe!s eithe! b# his will o! b# o"e!ation of law$

Decedent @ is the gene!al te!m a""lie to the "e!son whose "!o"e!t# is t!ansmitte th!o&ghs&**ession, whethe! o! not he left a will$ If he left a will, he is *alle the testato!$

The !ights to the s&**ession a!e t!ansmitte f!om the moment of the eath of the e*eent

An hei! is a "e!son *alle to the s&**ession eithe! b# the "!o%ision of a will o! b# o"e!ation of

law$

Devisees and legates a!e "e!sons to whom gifts of !eal an "e!sonal a!e !es"e*ti%el# gi%en

b# %i!t&e of a will$

)ill is an a*t whe!eb# a "e!son is "e!mitte, with the fo!malities "e!se*&te b# law, to *ont!ol

to a *e!tain eg!ee the is"osition of his estate, to tae effe*t afte! his eath$

' 8inds of )ill5

.$) Nota!ial will

0$) Holog!a"hi* Dill


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Dhen the ono! intens that the onation shall tae effe*t &!ing the lifetime of the ono!,

tho&gh the "!o"e!t# shall not be eli%e!e till afte! the ono!s eath, this shall be a

onation inte! %i%os$ The f!&its of the "!o"e!t# f!om the time of the a**e"tan*e of the

onation, shall "e!tain to the onee, &nless the ono! "!o%ies othe!wise$

The onation is "e!fe*te f!om the moment the ono! nows of the a**e"tan*e b# theonee$

The following onations shall be %oi:

.) Those mae between "e!sons who a!e g&ilt# of a&lte!# o! *on*&binage at the time of

the onation

0) Those mae between "e!sons fo&n g&ilt# of the same *!iminal offense, in *onsie!ationthe!eof/

1) Those mae to a "&bli* offi*e! o! his wife, es*enants an as*enants, b# !eason of

his offi*e$

In the *ase !efe!!e to in No$., the a*tion fo! e*la!ation of n&llit# ma# be b!o&ght b# the

s"o&ses of the ono! o! onee/ the g&ilt of the ono! an onee ma# be "!o%e b#

"!e"one!an*e of e%ien*e in the same a*tion$

5ino!s an othe!s who *annot ente! into a *ont!a*t ma# be*ome onees b&t a**e"tan*e

shall be one th!o&gh thei! "a!ents o! legal !e"!esentati%es$

A**e"tan*e m&st be mae &!ing the lifetime of the ono! an of the onee$


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In o!e! that the onation of an immo%able ma# be %ali, it m&st be mae in a

"&bli* o*&ment, s"e*if#ing the!ein the "!o"e!t# onate an the %al&e of the

*ha!ges whi*h the onee m&st satisf#$ The a**e"tan*e ma# be mae in thesame ee of onation o! in a se"a!ate "&bli* o*&ment, b&t it shall not tae

effe*t &nless it is one &!ing the lifetime of the ono!$ If the a**e"tan*e is

mae in a se"a!ate inst!&ment, the ono! shall be notifie the!eof in an

a&thenti* fo!m, an this ste" shall be note in both inst!&ments$

Fo! the "&!"oses of "!es*!i"tion, '&st title m&st be "!o%e/ it is ne%e!"!es&me$

Owne!shi" an othe! !eal !ights o%e! immo%able "!o"e!t# a!e a*&i!e b#

o!ina!# "!es*!i"tion th!o&gh "ossession of ten #ea!s$

Owne!shi" an othe! !eal !ights o%e! immo%able also "!es*!ibe th!o&gh&ninte!!&"te a%e!se "ossession the!eof fo! 1= #ea!s, witho&t nee of title o!

of goo faith$


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+asement < 2e$ned.

t is an encumrance im!ose u!on an immovale for theene$t of a communit" on one or more !ersons or for theene$t of another immovale elonging to a di0erent owner

+;am!le# the right of wa" across anotherEs land. The immovale in favor of which the easement is estalishedis called the dominant estate that which is suject theretothe servient estate.


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Tha$

)o(;

2 fundamental of property_ppt.pptx

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