A visit to America

Early Beginnings & The Gilded Age

Introduction to American Art and Visual Culture – Lecture 2

Background

“Discovered” by Europeans In 1492

Background

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What was happening in Poland’s history in the 1400s?

New Hampshire Wilderness

Background •Massachusetts Bay Colony 1629

What does American Colonial art look like?

The development of America.

Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620)

Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia (1722)

Sandwich, New Hampshire (Georgian Architecture 1690-1830)

State House, Boston (1795-97)

State House, Boston (1795-97)

Ways to think of “history”….

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/weshallremain/the_films/episode_1_trailer

Documentary of Revisionist History of Native Americans

Background

When did formal art studies begin?

The first American fine art academy was founded in Philadelphia. It has been in operation since 1805.

Charles Willson Peale (1822) Self Portrait

http://www.butlerart.com/

The Butler Museum of Art is the first museum in American dedicated to American art (1919).

Youngstown, Ohio

Timeline of Art History (Metropolitan Museum Collection) http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/intro/atr/atr.htm

Abigail Willing ca. 1795 Walter Robertson (Irish, ca. 1750–1802)

Catherina Elmendorf 1752 American Oil on canvas

Armchair, 1640–1700 American; Essex County, Massachusetts Oak

Biblical sampler, 1768 Sarah Lawrence (American, b. 1758) New York City

Collect Pond, New York City, 1798 Attributed to Archibald Robertson (American, 1765–1835)Watercolor and black chalk on off-white laid paper

Dress ca. 1799–1800 American Linen, cotton

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4652182 Story of Gilbert Stuart, Portraitist of George Washington

http://www.artnews.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2760

An Overview America

The Gilded Age: 1877-1900

Introduction to American Art and Visual Culture – Lecture 2

Gold Gilding

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 Named after a novel by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 An age of heavy industry

American manufacturing surpassed Great Britain, Germany, and France combined.

The railroad mileage tripled between 1860-80.

And tripled again by 1920.

The railroad mileage tripled between 1860-80.

And tripled again by 1920.

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 Post-Civil War

Matthew Brady, Photographer

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 Machines replaced human labor.

Manufacturers were always looking for a cheaper way to make a product.

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 Labor unions, such as the AFL (American Federation of Labor) were formed.

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 The very rich were called “robber barons”.

Read more about the mansions http://www.newportmansions.org/page7016.cfm

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 It was also the age of “philanthropy”. Andrew Carnegie called it the "Gospel of Wealth” that endowed thousands of colleges, hospitals, museums, academies, schools, opera houses, public libraries, symphony orchestras, and charities.

Mellon, Carnegie, Vanderbilt Morgan, Flagler, Rockefeller

Art Forms in the The Gilded Age

Chicago World’s Columbian Exposition 1893

1853

Dress ca. 1799–1800 American Linen, cotton

1893

ADMINISTRATION BUILDING AND COLUMBIAN FOUNTAIN Hugh Ditzler for "Art and Architecture"

THE GOLDEN DOORWAY Felicien De Myrbach for "Art and Architecture."

CENTRAL PAVILION, HORTICULTURAL HALL L. Marold for "Art and Architecture” Chromo-Typogravure

The Gilded Age 1877-1900 Beaux-Arts was the predominant architectural style.

Across the Room, ca. 1899 Edmund Charles Tarbell (American, 1862–1938) Oil on canvas

Paulding Farnham (American, 1859–1927), designer; Tiffany & Company (American, 1837–present), manufacturer and retailer Gold, amethysts, quartzes, spessartites, tourmalines, freshwater pearls, enamel

Louis Comfort Tiffany (American, 1848–1933); Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company (Stourbridge Glass Company) Enamel on copper

Armchair, 1868–70 Attributed to John Jelliff (American, 1813–1893; firm active Newark, New Jersey, 1836–90) Rosewood, ash, mother-of-pearl

Victorian Interior

Victorian Interior

Jacob August Riis (American, born Denmark, 1849–1914), Street Arabs—Night Boys in Sleeping Quarters (Newsboys), ca. 1880s, printed 1947, gelatin silver print

ca.1870

Focus on Fine Arts

"I am a most earnest well-wisher of the art students of America. The older I grow the more and more I am convinced that a thorough and adequate training can be found here as abroad, that the work by students here is equal to that produced by those in Europe.” - Augustus Saint-Gaudens

Sculpture in The Gilded Age

American Wing at the Metropolitan Museum, New York

Painting in The Gilded Age

Baby with Rattle and Dog, 1842 Mrs. Moses B. Russell (American, 1809–1854) Watercolor and gouache on ivory

Currier and Ives Lithographs Spread imagery because of the low cost of production.

The Beeches, 1845 Asher B. Durand (American, 1796–1886) Oil on canvas

The Artist's Wife and His Setter Dog, ca. 1884–89 Thomas Eakins (American, 1844–1916) Oil on canvas

The Champion Single Sculls (Max Schmitt in a Single Scull), 1871 Thomas Eakins (American, 1844–1916) Oil on canvas

Diagram of the Colors Used to Paint the Portrait of Queen Victoria, ca. 1838 Thomas Sully (American, 1783–1872)Brown ink and oil on paper

While in London, Sully painted a half-length portrait of the queen for the engravers Hodgson and Greaves (now in the Wallace Collection, London). They made mezzotints for sale from the image. Sully made this record of his palette, so as to use the same pigments for the full-length picture he would paint once back home in Philadelphia.

Arrangement in Flesh Colour and Black: Portrait of Théodore Duret, 1883 James Abbott McNeill Whistler (American, 1834–1903) Oil on canvas

Madame X (Madame Pierre Gautreau), 1883–84 John Singer Sargent (American, 1856–1925) Oil on canvas

The portrait of Madame X was imitated. Here is Isabella Stewart Gardner.

The Arab Jeweler, ca. 1882 Charles Sprague Pearce (American, 1851–1914) Oil on canvas

Approaching Thunder Storm, 1859 Martin Johnson Heade (American, 1819–1904) Oil on canvas

A Basket of Clams, 1873 Winslow Homer (American, 1836–1910) Watercolor on wove paper

Snap the Whip, 1872 Winslow Homer (American, 1836–1910) Oil

Prisoners from the Front, 1866 Winslow Homer (American, 1836–1910) Oil

Prisoners from the Front, 1866 Winslow Homer (American, 1836–1910) Oil

Celia Thaxter's Garden, Isles of Shoals, Maine, 1890 Childe Hassam (American, 1859–1935) Oil on canvas

Celia Thaxter's Garden, Isles of Shoals, Maine, 1890 Childe Hassam (American, 1859–1935) Oil on canvas

Arques-la-Bataille, 1885 John Henry Twachtman (American, 1853–1902) Oil on canvas

James Abbott McNeill Whistler Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket (1875)

James Abbott McNeill Whistler Nocturne in Blue and Gold: the Battersea Bridge (1872)

James Abbott McNeill Whistler Harmony in the Music Room (1861)

James Abbott McNeill Whistler Arrangement in Black and Grey (1872)

Photography in The Gilded Age

21st Michigan Infantry: Sherman's Volunteers, 1860s Mathew B. Brady (American, 1823–1896)Albumen silver

Samuel Shoop, 1865 Reed Brockway Bontecou (American, 1824–1907) Albumen silver print from glass negative

Andersonville Still Life, 1866 Mathew B. Brady (American, 1823–1896) Albumen silver print from glass negative

[Amateur Snapshot Album], 1890–92 Unknown Artist, American School 286 cyanotypes and gelatin silver prints

Kodak One

Blessed Art Thou among Women, 1899 Gertrude Käsebier (American, 1852–1934) Platinum print

Blessed Art Thou among Women, 1899 Gertrude Käsebier (American, 1852–1934) Platinum print

[Female Nude], ca. 1883 Thomas Eakins (American, 1844–1916) Platinum print

Eclipse of the Sun, May 26, 1854 William Langenheim (American, 1807–1874); Frederick Langenheim (American, 1809–1879) Daguerreotype

[Boston from a Hot-Air Balloon], October 13, 1860J James Wallace Black (American, 1825–1896) Albumen silver print from glass negative

Black Canyon, From Camp 8, Looking Above, 1871 Timothy O'Sullivan (American, 1840–1882) Albumen silver print from glass negative

Devil's Canyon, Geysers, Looking Down, 1868–70 Carleton E. Watkins (American, 1829–1916) Albumen silver print from glass negative

The Terminal, 1892 Alfred Stieglitz (American, 1864–1946) Photogravure

Broadway on a Rainy Day, 1859 Edward Anthony (American, 1818–1888); Henry T. Anthony (American, 1814–1884) Albumen silver prints from glass negatives

Chatham Square, New York, 1853–54 Unknown Artist, American School Daguerreotype

[Blind Man and His Reader], 1840s Unknown Artist, American School Daguerreotype

Frederick Douglass, ca. 1855 Unknown Artist, American School Daguerreotype

President Martin Van Buren, 1855–58 Mathew B. Brady (American, 1823–1896)Salted paper print from glass negative

Pre-Cinema in The Gilded Age

http://users.telenet.be/thomasweynants/stereo-images.html

Stereoscope

Dress ca. 1799–1800 American Linen, cotton

Kinetoscope Parlor, circa 1895

Thaumatrope “Turning Wonder”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-UVbL-sDGFA

Phenakistiscope

Visual Illusion

http://www.michaelbach.de/ot/