2 harmony betweenman and environment 2 harmony between man and environment 1 diversity of 1...
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22 Harmony betweenHarmony between man and environmentman and environment
11 Diversity ofDiversity of environment
33 Rules of environmentenvironment
Rules of environmental sciences
Liu Jingling
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University
Sep 8th, 2008
Rules of environmental sciences
Liu Jingling
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University
Sep 8th, 2008
One Diversity ofDiversity of environment
Human environment
Natural environment
water environment
atmospheric environment
soil environment
biotic environment
geological environment
universe
solar system
earth
……
molecule
atoms
protons and electrons
quarks physical environment
Human environment
settlement environment
industrial environment
agricultural environment
cultural environment
Artificial environment
medical care environment
Artificial environment is formed by humanArtificial environment is formed by human transformation on the basis of natural environment. transformation on the basis of natural environment.
Natural environment
natu
ral environ
men
t
Life on
Earth
2
Known quantity : 1,400,000 types
There are 750,000 types of insects, 41,000 types of vertebrates, 250,000 types of higher plants.
Known quantity : 1,400,000 types
There are 750,000 types of insects, 41,000 types of vertebrates, 250,000 types of higher plants.
Generally speaking, different living has different genetic material
Generally speaking, the same living has similar genetic material
Many types of DNA and RNA
Adenine, guanine, cytimidine, uracil, thymine
Ribose, ribodesose and phosphoric acid
natu
ral environ
men
t
living things non-living things
thousands kinds of inorganic substances,
simple substance and compound
We have known one hundred and twelve kinds of elements and more three hundred kinds of atomic
Material on earth
thousands kinds of organic substances,acyclicity, carbocycle and carbocycle
protons electrons neutron
d 、 u 、 s 、 c 、 b 、 t liuwei quarks
Lepton?
Iguazu FallsThe first wonder of South America, five famous falls of the world
Rippling w
ater shimm
ering on sunny day.
Mist m
ountains wonderful in the rain.
Plain or gaily decked out like X
i Zi.
The W
est Lake is alw
ays alluring.
——
Sush
i (S
on
g
)
isolated peak and magic
stone
Deserts and wilderness are also the other side of nature
Rivers, lakes,
oceans, swamp
natu
ral environ
men
t
water area
Plain, basin, hills,
mountain, plateau
Internal influences: plate movement and magmatic movement
surface configuration
land
External influences: Weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, diagenesis, precipitation and evaporation
natu
ral environ
men
t
functions
face the function of demand
ecological functions
Forest
sand fixation conserve soil and water water conservation
noise reduction air purification photosynthesis
regulation climatic beautify the environment protect the organisms
wood spice leisure and enjoy fruit oil
natu
ral environ
men
t
functions
face the function of demand
ecological functions
Atmosphere
Function of preserving heat
protection
provide material provide flight environment
Circle of support material ( C , N , water )
provide oxygenstore Reflect electromagnetic waves
natu
ral environ
men
t
functions
face the function of demand
based on the principle of ecological functions
natural environment
forest steppe
atmospheric environmental
ecological environmentground and soil
rivers and seas
field and vegetation
wetlands
biological diversity
minerals animals and plants water
The function of things is depends on the characteristics of thing itself and human needs
natural environment
various substance various form various function
Diversity of natural environment natural environment
Human needs and creation Human needs and creation
Human needs
physical needs spiritual needs
Food, clothing, shelter, transportation and moving
Communication, medical, health care, entertainment, culture, consultation
education, tourism and leisure
survivability requirement
development requirement
safety requirement health requirement
comfort requirementenjoy requirement…………
Requirement differ from person to person. It is a continuous developingand endless infinite set
four-former-articles in the seventies
four-former-articles in the seventies
four-former-articles in the seventies
four-former-articles in the seventies
bicyclebicyclebicyclebicycle
watchwatch watchwatch
sewingsewing sewingsewing
radioradioradioradio
six holy durablessix holy durables in the eighties six holy durablessix holy durables in the eighties
TVTVTVTVwashing washing machinemachine washing washing machinemachine
tape recordertape recorder tape recordertape recorder
refrigeratorrefrigerator refrigeratorrefrigerator
radioradioradioradio
electric fanelectric fan electric fanelectric fan
three holy durablesthree holy durables in the nineties three holy durablesthree holy durables in the nineties
commercial commercial Housing Housing
commercial commercial Housing Housing
computercomputercomputercomputer
carcarcarcar
take goods for example
telephone audio video disk player mobile phone notebook computer
GrowingGrowing sort of goods, constantly improve of grades, sort of goods, constantly improve of grades, more and more popular of goodsmore and more popular of goods
The result created by humanThe result created by human
Many artificial things which can not form by natural environment occured on earth.
1Artificial environment
Building :thatched house, bamboo house, block house, brick-and-tile buildings - reinforced concrete buildings, skyscrapers, villas, churches, temples and palaces
rural, urban, factories, schools, garden, road, square, military base car, train, submarines, warships, spaceship, the space station
Artificial environment in different areas and different culture background has its own characteristics
The result created by humanThe result created by human
Technology creation is derived from practical experience and knowledge of natural science
2. Technical
Agriculture, medicine, electronics, machinery, computer, automatic control, chemical industry, water conservancy, metallurgy, civil engineering, environmental protection, light industry and textile, urban planning, aerospace, ocean exploitation
With the development of human society andscience, technology are developing rapidly
The result created by humanThe result created by human
spiritual culture
3. Others
economy
poem and fiction prose and drama
opera and short sketch drama and opera
film and television sculpture and art
cultural tradition music ……
agriculture and animal husbandry manufacturing industry
commercial storage transportation
cultural counseling travel and leisure
financial insurance medical care
Human needs and creaction
diversity of needs subject
diversity of creaction
continuous development of
needs and creaction
DiversityDiversity of human needs and creaction
diversity of needs
object
diversity of create results
TheThe interaction between interaction between man and environmentman and environment
Space interface ofSpace interface of interactioninteraction
produce life
Air, water, soil, biological
Space:space flight, satellite launch, space exploration
Atmosphere: aviation flight, human activities, exhaust emissions
city country
All fields
Ground: planting grazing, urban construction
Underground: mineral mining, prospecting, geological research
Biological: hunting and domestication, anatomy
Method of Method of interactioninteraction
exploitation of resource industrial and
agricultural production
……emissions construction of city
Process ofProcess of interactioninteraction
physical process chemical process
……bioprocess ecological process
Effect of Effect of interactioninteraction
The effect of interaction between man and environment isThe effect of interaction between man and environment is numerousnumerous
substance energy from the perspective of effect characteristics
from the perspective of effect time acute recent
mid-term long-term
for example
Effect of interactionEffect of interaction
biological effect
for example
molecular
cell
tissue
organ
individual
species
community
Genetic material variation
Harm to membrane system (Peroxidation ), interfere with permeabilitytissue necrosis , interfere with the formation of important autacoid Accumulation of target organ, pathological changes and loss of function Pathogenic, teratogenic, cause mutation, cause death Due to the decrease of species, they hard to sustain normal procreation Ecological damage, reduce the diversity
The interaction betweenThe interaction between man and environmentman and environment
diversity of action effect
Diversity of Diversity of the interaction the interaction between man and environmentbetween man and environment
diversity of
function interface
diversity of action mode
diversity of action process
Diversity of the interaction between Diversity of the interaction between
man and environmentman and environment
• Diversity of interface City,country and land, sea and air
• Diversity of methodExploitation of resource, industrial and agricultural production, emissions,
construction of city • Diversity of processPhysical process chemical process bioprocess ecological process
• Diversity of effectEffect on the environment by human activities: physical,chemical, biological and ecological.Effect on human by environmental variation : physical, social, economic andtechnology.
diversity of natural environmentdiversity of natural environment
diversity of human needs and creactiondiversity of human needs and creaction
Diversity of the interaction between man and Diversity of the interaction between man and
environmentenvironment
Diversity of the interaction between man and Diversity of the interaction between man and
environmentenvironment
Diversity of environmentDiversity of environment
offer alternatives produce competition promote the development maintaining stability
Ensure and promote the harmonious
Two Harmony between human and environment
——Core rule of environmental science
The development of human society
Improve the harmonious degree of human and environment
fishin
g and
hu
ntin
gcivilization
agricultural civilization
ind
ustrial civilization
post-in
du
strial civilization
Improved the harmonious degree?!
The top five environmental problems
————Harmony between human and environment?
self - adjustability to existing
environmental security
environmental health
environmental comfort
environmental appreciation
quick increase of population
environmental pollution
ecological damage
resource depletion
natural disaster
The top five environmental problems
Natural disaster
Ecological damage
Resource depletion
Environmental pollution
Quick increase of population
Incongruity factors
◆Aggravation of natural disaster Astro-disasters
Geological disaster
Meteorological
hydrology disaster
Bio-disaster
Collision of the celestial objects, solar radiation abnormality, abnormal
electromagnetic storms, cosmic rays
volcano, earthquake, rockfal
flood, drought, storm, hail, snowstorm, heat wave, cold wave ……
plant diseases and insect pests, forest fires, species extinction ……
◆Ecological damage
soil and water loss
sandy desertification and desertification
soil secondary salinization
sharp reduction of the forests
grassland degeneration and land degradation
reduction of biological diversity
lake eutrophication
◆Resource depletion
mineral resources crisis
energy crisis
water shortage
land resource shortage
reduction of biological diversity
deterioration of land resources
◆Environmental pollution
water circumstances pollution
atmospheric environmental atmospheric environmental pollutionpollution
soil environment pollutionsoil environment pollution
biological pollutionbiological pollution
physical environmentphysical environment pollution
◆ Quick increase of population
Quick increase of population caused
the above problems become amplifier
and multiply.
natural disaster
ecological damage
resource depletion
environmental pollution
quick increase of population
threaten human survival
threaten human survival
Limit human development Limit human development
harm to human health
harm to human health
risk to human safety risk to human safety
Harmony between human and environment
self - adjustability to
existing
self - adjustability to
existing
environmental
securityenvironm
ental security
environmental
healthenvironm
ental health
environment
comfort
environment
comfort
environment
appreciation environm
ent appreciation
The improvement of harmonious degree
The improvement of harmonious degree
five stages of human development
living situation of 6 billion population
the improvement from
material to spirit
the crisis that human survival need to face
It is difficu
lt for hu
man
It is difficu
lt for hu
man
to adap
t to survive
to adap
t to survive
quick increase of population
resource depletion
ecological damage
reduction of per capita cultivated land
reduction of per capita grain possession
increase of wastes
sharp reduction of the forests
sandy desertification and desertification
reduction of biological diversity
water shortage
land resource shortage
energy crisis
mineral resources crisis
self - adjustability to existing
The measurement of adapting existing
MeasurementMeasurement backgroudbackgroud
the limitation of resources
the limitation of resources
population limitpopulation limit
MeasurementMeasurement environmental
carrying capacity
environmental carrying capacity
population capacity population capacity
index of natural resources supplyindex of social support condition
index of pollution capacity
resource balance analytical method mathematical programming method
system dynamics method
astro-disasters
geological disaster
meteorological hydrology disaster
bio-disaster
biosafetybiosafety
food safetyfood safety
nuclear securitynuclear security
risk to environment safety
The challenges of environmental security
Environmental security
The measurement of environmental safety
disaster prevention facilities
disaster prevention facilities
disaster prevention mechanism
disaster prevention mechanism
Measurement
disaster reduction mechanism
disaster reduction mechanism
complete status construction standard
materials resources reserve disaster recovery capabilities
quick response ability
prevent new disastersresponse speed
•endemic goiter
•endemic fluorosis
•cancer
•cardiovascular disease •Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease
•biological endemic
Endemic disease
Endemic disease
Environmental pollution
Environmental pollution
risk to h
um
an h
ealth
•water pollution
•atmospheric pollution
•soil pollution
•biological pollution
•noise pollution
.. .. ..
The threat that environmental health facing
Environmental health
optimum population
density
abundant green square
capacious house
good environmental quality
Perfect urban infrastructure
convenient city traffic
Up-to-the-minute information communication services
convenient service system
abundant place of entertainment
……
Comfortable living environment
The performance of environmental comfort
Environmental comfort
The measurement of environmental comfort
Measurement green area, forest,water surface
reasonable land utilization
optimum population density
perfect and advanceinfrastructure
urban civilization
……
human spiritual demand
natural landscape
Cultural
landscape
landscapelandscape
astronomical phenomena
astronomical phenomena
atmosphereatmosphere
biology biology
image
beauty
Atm
osphere beauty
colour beauty
dynamic and static beauty
hazy beauty
moral beauty
cultural heritage cultural heritage
urban construction
urban construction
gardens greening gardens
greening
arts and crafts
arts and crafts
harmonious beauty
feature beauty
colour beauty
humanistic
beauty
contents of environment appreciation
Environmental appreciation
harmony between human and environment
Harmony between human and environment
harmony between human and nature
harmony between human and nature environment
harmony between human and artificial environment
harmony betweenartificial environment and nature environment
Three Rule of Three Rule of environmentenvironment
What is rule
Rule:Rule:also known asalso known as law. It is the essential relationis the essential relation in the developing in the developing
process of objective things. It is inherent in process of objective things. It is inherent in the thing itself, hide the thing itself, hide
deeplydeeply in things behind and the internal factors which decided or in things behind and the internal factors which decided or
dominated the phenomena. dominated the phenomena.
objectivity concealment universality stability
coerciveness adaptability repeatability
rule of rule of environmentenvironment
The rule of human and environmental interaction
basic rule of environment
The basic rule of human and environmental interaction
basic rule of environment 1 diversity of environment
basic rule of environment 2 harmony between human and environment
basic rule of environment 3 synergism of five laws
basic rule of environment 4 rule and regulation
natural law social law
economic law technology law
environmental law
restrict human behavior
human strategic
objectives
Basic rule of environment 3
Synergism of five laws
There are five types of objective laws which restrict human survival and development
starting point goaldeviation
cooperation
antagonism
Basic rule of environment 3
Synergism of five laws
In the process of human realizing important strategic target, they will affected by many disciplines, its effect is as follows:
Discipline effect direction and target is consistent, it is regarded as cooperation.
Discipline effect direction is opposite to the target, it is regarded as antagonism.
Discipline effect function is deviates from the target, it is regarded as the
deviation.
starting point goal
environment
nature social
economic
technology
Basic rule of environment 3
Synergism of five laws
When the effect and direction of the five laws is consistent, it is
regarded as synergism of five laws. Human practice has
repeatedly demonstrated that if it wants to realize important
strategy and target, its behavior must realize synergism of five
laws
Socpe of one law
Synergism socpe of two laws
Five Laws function schematic diagram of human behavior
social circle economic circle
natural circle
technology circle environmental circle
Synergism socpe of three laws
Synergism socpe of four laws
Synergism socpe of five laws
Basic rule of environment 3
deviation
deviation
adaptationadaptation
centrifugal forcecentrifugal force
resistanceresistance
powerpower
Human practice has repeatedly demonstrated that the
rules of deviation laws is the centrifugal force of things
development, the rules of deviation laws is usually the
obstruction of development, only the rules accord with
rules is the power of development.
Basic rule of environment 4
Rules and laws
Laws and rules
economic law
technology law
environmental law
natural law
social law
economic rule
technology rule
environmental rule
natural legislation
social rule
five types of law five types of rule
Basic rule of environment 4
rules accord with law
s
Synergism of five laws Synergism of five force
Five lawsFive laws Five forceFive force
natural lawsocial law
economic lawtechnology law
environmental law
natural forcenatural forcetechnical forcetechnical force
social forcesocial force economic force
environmental force
Make concerted efforts at the same directionMake concerted efforts at the same direction
sustainable developmentsustainable development
Basic rule of environment 4
Natural law Environmental law
The inherent, natural and necessary relations of things development in the natural environment.
The natural and necessary relations existed in the process of mutual interaction of human and nature.
Environmental laws stress the mutual effect of human and environment; here the process includes natural environment and artificial environment of different human stamp. Most of the studied phenomenon is not or greatly strengthened natural process. The change of natural environment is the outcome of natural laws effect, dose not violate laws; but if the environmental quality is lower, it will violate the harmonious requirement of environmental laws.
Natural law Environmental law
The change of natural environment is causes by natural law, it do not violate the law; but if the environmental quality declines, it violate the harmonious requirements of environmental laws.
ozone depletionozone depletion caused by freonfreon
Example
discharge ofdischarge of freon 臭氧层破坏 environmentalproblem
economic lawtechnology law natural law environmental law
environmental law
ozone depletionozone depletion
natural law environmental law
The eutrophicationThe eutrophication of lakelakeExample
eutrophication natural processnatural process which decidedecide by natural law
human activityhuman activity changed the process of eutrophication
The decrease of water quality, lakes aging, The decrease of water quality, lakes aging,
decrease of environmental qualitydecrease of environmental quality
accelerateaccelerate eutrophication
delaying eutrophication Protect water quality, prolong the life of lakes, keep Protect water quality, prolong the life of lakes, keep the good environmentthe good environment
Under the environmental laws, deviate the request of harmonious
Under the environmental laws, accord with the request of harmonious
natural phenomenonnatural phenomenon
social phenomenonsocial phenomenon
economic phenomenoneconomic phenomenon
technologytechnology phenomenonphenomenon
environmental phenomenonenvironmental phenomenon
natural law
social law
economic law
technology law
environmental law
natural sciencenatural science
social sciencesocial science
economic scienceeconomic science
technological sciencetechnological science
environmental scienceenvironmental science
five types of phenomenon five types of law five types of science
naturenature
technologytechnology economyeconomy
societysociety
environmental
natural sciences
environmental technological technological
sciencescience
environmental economic scienceeconomic science
environmental social science
environment
environtology
Environmental natural sciences
environmental law natural law
environmental environmental sciencescience natural sciencesEnvironmental natural sciences
environmental
geoscience environm
ental geoscience
environmental
physics environm
ental physics
environmental
chemistry
environmental
chemistry
environmental
biology environm
ental biology
environmental
mathem
aticsenvironm
ental m
athematics
environmental
toxicology environm
ental toxicology
As viewed from a single subject to study multiple environment factors
Environmental natural sciences
environmental law natural law
environmental environmental sciencescience natural sciencesEnvironmental natural sciences
water
environ
men
t science
water
environ
men
t science
amospheric
environmental
science
amospheric
environmental
science
soil environm
ental science
soil environm
ental science
biological environm
ental science
biological environm
ental science
physical environm
ental science
physical environm
ental science
environmental law social lawenvironmental
ethics environmental theory of laws
environmental management
citizencitizen
countrycountry
governmentgovernment
Environmental social science
—combined effects of environmental law and social law
technology environmentpollution controlpollution control
environmental monitoringenvironmental monitoring
cleaner productioncleaner production
Environmental social science
—combined effects of environmental law and technology law
naturenature
TechnologyTechnology economyeconomy
socialsocial
environment
environmental processes environmental function environmental effect
cleaner production pollution control environmental monitoring
market government GDP
public: environmental ethics country: environmental laws government: environmental management
Discuss on several fundamental problems
WhetherWhether the environment question against nature law?the environment question against nature law?
Is ecological law and environmental law the same?Is ecological law and environmental law the same?
What’s the theoretical basis of environmental science?What’s the theoretical basis of environmental science?
Is there Is there existexist environmental lawenvironmental law ? Is it independent?
The The independenceindependence and comprehensive of environmental sciencecomprehensive of environmental science
Is“human-environment”and “human-nature” the same?Is“human-environment”and “human-nature” the same?
thank you !