LETTERS Dionysians and Apollonians: A. Szent-Gyorgyi; Science Education:W. H. Oldendorf .........................................

Another Crusade!: l. H. Page

ARTICLES Implications of a Systems Approach to Oceanography: J. J. Walsh ...............

Third Lunar Science Conference: Lunar Sample Analysis Planning Team .........

The Nature of the Darwinian Revolution: E. Mayr .............................

The Welfare of Science in an Era of Change: W. Bevan ............

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

BOOK REVIEWS

967

969

975

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Institute of Medicine: Taking on Study of Cost of Medical Education . 997

Higher Education Bill in House ......................................... 998

Astronomy at Cambridge: A Reshuffle Not According to Hoyle .................. 999

Netherlands: Dutch Continue to Reclaim Land from the Sea ... 1002

Computer-Assisted Instruction: Many Efforts, Mixed Results ..................

On the Volterra and Other Nonlinear Models of Interacting Populations, reviewedby S. A. Boorman; Water Pollution Microbiology and Biochemical Ecologyof Water Pollution, J. T. Staley; The Study of Animal Bones fromArchaeological Sites, D. Perkins, Jr.; Pharmacological and Biophysical Agentsand Behavior, J. A. Harvey; The Ontogenesis of Grammar, E. Shipley;Lectures on Celestial Mechanics, J. D. Mulholland ................

REPORTS Partial Pressure of Gases Dissolved at Great Depth: W. 0. Fenn ................

Lunar Crust: Structure and Composition: M. N. Toksoz et al..................Crystal Structure of the Solid Electrolyte (C5H5NH)Ag5I6 at -30°C: S. Geller ...

IBOARD OF DIRECTORS11

VICE::PRESIDENTS ANDSECTION SECRETARIES

DIVISIONS

MINA REES GLENN T. SEABORG LEONARD M. RIESER DAVID B ELL LEWIS M. BRANSCOMRetiring President, Chairman President PresidentElect CRICHARD II. BOLT XBARRY COMMONER

MATHEMATICS (A) PHYSICS (B) CHEMISTRY (C) ASTRONOMY (D0John W. Tukcey Herbert Fr'iedman Martin 'Paul GergS. FieldF. A. Ficken Rolf M. Sinclair Leo Schubert ArloaU. LandaU

(I) SOCIALAND ECONOMIC SCIEN:CEiS (K) HISTRY AND PHILOSOPHY OFtSCIENCE (IPSYCOLOG EverettMneshDale B. Harris James S. Coleman RaymondJ SeegerlsWlliam0. Garvey Harvey SapolskyJSge

PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Np) AGRICULTURE (0) INDUSTRIJAL SCIENCE (P) EDUCATION (Q)Linwood F. Tice Roy L. Lovvorn Jacob E. Goldman Uoyl. K. JohnsonJohn Autiant Michael A. Farrell Jordan D. Lewis :X: rilp. vJfye

ALASKA DIVISION PACIFIC DIVISION ,OtITIIWESTERN AND ROCKY IOIiRTGordon Harrison Irma Duncan Roy A. Young 1Robert C. Miller :J.Linton Gardner Marlowe G. eronPresident Executive Secretary President Secretary President Executive Secretary

2 June 1972Vol. 176, No. 4038

EDITORIAL

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1005

1007

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.-Illl t

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Environmental Applications of the Weibull Distribution Function: Oil Pollution:P. G. Mikolaj ....................................................... 1019

Statistical Thermodynamic Model for the Distribution of Crustal Heat Sources:D. L. Turcotte and E. R. Oxburgh ...................................... 1021

Drift of Continental Rafts with Asymmetric Heating: L. Knopoff, K. A. Poehls,R. C. Smith .......................................................... 1023

Genetic and Immunological Complexity of Major Histocompatibility Regions:F. H. Bach et al ................................................ 1024

Specific Inhibition of Plaque Formation to Phosphorylcholine by Antibodyagainst Antibody: .................................................... 1027

Biosynthesis of C4 (Fourth Component of Complement) by Hybrids of C4-DeficientGuinea Pig Cells and Hela Cells: H. R. Colten and R. Parkman ...............1029

Carbonic Anhydrase and Bone Remodeling: Sulfonamide Inhibition of BoneResorption in Organ Culture: C. Minkin and J. M. Jennings ...................1031

Reversion of Murine Sarcoma Virus Transformed Mouse Cells: Variantswithout a Rescuable Sarcoma Virus: P. J. Fischinger et al .................. 1033

Sex Differences in Electric Signaling in an Electric Fish: C. D. Hopkins 1035

Photoreversible Pigment: Occurrence in a Blue-Green Alga: J. Sclheibe ............ 1037

Stimulation by Phagocytosis of the Deiodination of L-Thyroxine in HumanLeukocytes: K. A. Woeber, G. F. Doherty, S. H. Ingbar ......................1039

Polymers: Synthesis and Characterization of Extremely High-Molecular-WeightPolystyrene: D. McIntyre, L. J. Fetters, E. Slagowski ...................... 1041

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: Role in Primary Afferent Depolarization:J. L. Barker and R. A. Nicoll ..........................................1043

Depression and Later Enhancement of the Critical Flicker Frequency duringProlonged Monocular Deprivation: J. P. Zubek and M. Bross ................. 1045

Gratings Mask Bars and Bars Mask Gratings: Visual Frequency Response toAperiodic Stimuli: N. Weisstein and J. Bisaha ............................ 1047

JW Y I*AW it IA T GO LDEN W LLIA

M

BE0 0 0PA*RK INS0- 00: Tresurer;-f:S000000000-;0:00 Executive Officer ; ;0;0;f00;:000f1BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (EG) ANROPOILOGY (H) COVER

G-S 0 RcrIA dams Simulation models are necessaryALSCIENES(ND Y tools in studies of total marine eco-kis~wao hlonPrnt systems. Through a family of such

SncS () ATMOSPHERIC AND HYROSPHERIC models, it may be possible to predictaane Evens SCIENCES (W) ;0and manage the perturbations of3laser Joh A. KasLouis0J. BaOn -marine coastal areas. See age 969.[B. J. Nixon, Williamsburg, Virginia]

2 June 1972, Volume 176, Number 4038

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FORTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

Science serves its readers as a forum for thepresentation and discussion of important issuesrelated to the advancement of science, includingthe presentation of minority or conflicting pointsof view, rather than by publishing only materialon which a consensus has been reached. Accord-ingly, all articles published in Science-includingeditorials, news and comment, and book reviews-are signed and reflect the individual views of theauthors and not official points of view adopted bythe AAAS or the institutions with which the authorsare affiliated.

Editorial Board1972

ALFRED BROWN FRANK PRESSJAMES F. CROW FRANK W. PUTNAMTHOMAS KUHN WALTER 0. ROBERTSELLIOTT W. MONTROLL

1973H. S. GUTOWSKYARTHUR D. HASLERRUDOLF KOMPFNERDANIEL E. KOSHLAND, JR.

GARDNER LINDZEYRAYMOND H. THOMPSONEDWARD 0. WILSON

Edltorial StaffEditor

PHILIP H. ABELSONPublisher Business ManagerWILLIAM BEVAN HANS NUSSBAUM

Managing Editor: ROBERT V. ORMESAssistant Editors: ELLEN E. MURPHY, JOHN E.

RINGLEAssistant to the Editor: NANCY TEiMOURIANNews and Comment: JOHN WALSH, DEBORAH SHAP-

LEY, ROBERT GILLETTE, NICHOLAS WADE, CONSTANCEHOLDEN, BARBARA J. CULLITON, SCHERRAINE MACK

Research News: ALLEN L. HAMMOND, WILLIAMD. METZBook Reviews: SYLVIA EBERHART, KATHERINE Liv-

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SCIENCE:

Another Crusade!It has been less than a year since the Cancer Crusade legislation was

passed. About $1.6 billion was appropriated for 3 years and a criticalchange in research policy was initiated. The search for causes and curesof cancer is henceforth to be highly systematized, with specific, approvedbattle plans and a ruling hierarchy of both scientists and laymen. Littlesignificant opposition to this far-reaching legislation has been voicedpublicly. Too much money and power are at stake for overt criticism.The plan has not received such kindly treatment in private conversa-tion, however. A new way of life has been dictated to research workers,despite such phenomenally good results from the old way that theAmerican Cancer Society could state that the cure for cancer was justaround the corner. They may be right-who knows? But this is sooth-saying, not science.

Predictably, heart disease, our deadliest disease, is next in line. Itis already assumed that the cancer plan is a success, opening a wholenew era in the method of discovery. In such a heady atmosphere, againalmost without public discussion, the Kennedy-Rogers bills authorizing$1.3 billion over 3 years will probably pass quickly. "The thrust of the$1.3 billion heart-stroke-lung package drew praise from all witnesses... ." How familiar-and how quickly we researchers change our spots!An advisory study panel on heart disease has already been appointed,fortunately under very able John Millis, but the bill seems destined topass even before the panel has a chance to advise.

All scientists should be aware that this is a gut reorganization of basicbiomedical science which deeply involves us all. High levels of organiza-tion, hopefully clear lines of authority, enforced by money, are allcritical. There are probably many who relish the plan, but the doubtersare silent. "Organized medicine," in its broadest connotation, has takenno stand. (It should be noted that the British Select Committee onScience and Technology has recently decided against a science policyfor that nation, despite the Rothschild report.) Organized administra-tors, lobbyists, and those with strong bases of political power have provedtheir capacity to do a superb job. Probably next on the list of crusadeswill be nervous and mental diseases.

The resultant activities of the tax collector may emasculate the fund-raising efforts of voluntary health agencies. Those closest to government,the Washington scientific community, emanate frustration, hopelessness,and helplessness. Acceptance of whatever the legislative juggernautdemands seems inevitable. Much of the freedom of science is now beinglegislated away, and we are approaching the Russian system of directedresearch-protestations to the contrary. Possibly we need more disciplinedresearch, but do we need the government to administer and define thediscipline? Dr. Robert Marston, the director of the National Institutesof Health, has assured me that my fears are exaggerated.

I have often expressed doubt about instituting such vital changes inresearch without any idea as to their outcome. True, we are going some-where much faster, but we are not sure where we are going. I appreciatethe enormous power of the politics that maneuvered these changes soquickly and painlessly. I hold no brief against politics, except when itfails to expose contrary opinion. We are making decisions that affectlife and death in a way that I feel is cavalier. The policy gyrations ofthe Regional Medical Program should alert us to the rapidity with whichpolitical winds change. The uncertainty principle is fully applicable.-IRVINE H. PAGE, Editor, Modern Medicine, 8907 Carnegie Avenue,Cleveland, Ohio 44106