2 mefm 413 gen piping requirements.doc

7/18/2019 2 MEFM 413 GEN PIPING REQUIREMENTS.doc

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F L U I D M A C H I N E R YGENERAL PIPING

REQUIREMENTS (from the PMECODE):

_______________________________________________________________

! ALL PIPING SHOULD RUN PARALLEL TO THE "UILDING#ALLS!

Piping that is assembled unparallel to the building walls would be

an eyesore and at the same time could be a potential trippinghazard. That it would necessitate a diferent size o mountingsupport instead o the standard size o mounting support.

I such pipingconsideration is not considered,

the lay-out o pipes would belike a !"#$ which wouldcomplicate line tracing %more soi no color coding e&ists' as wellas repairs and alterations(.

Piping installation madein this manner would alsoma&imize a)ailable space incases that there are spaceconstraints* limitations thatshould be obser)ed.

#$th %&'e $m$t't$o*% ('%$* the '%e of %h$& +e%%e%,) %-h

MEFM ./0 ENGR! GSMEFM ./0 ENGR! GS

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2/16

t1&e of &$&e '1$*2 o-3 *o o*2er4e &re+e*te35!

6! GROUPED PIPING SHALL "E SUPPORTED ON RAC7S EITHERON HORI8ONTAL OR 9ERTICAL PLANES!

+rouped piping translates into massi)e weight%all the more i there

is uid inside' which i let unsupported would cause the entiregrouping o pipes to misalign %sag' or worst, the possible collapseo the grouped piping itsel.

This so called racks are either an angle bar %in the case o smaller

pipes' or I-beams %as in the case o larger pipe sizes' that arerigidly mounted on a sturdy oundation o either concrete or steel.

/! ALL PIPING TO HEADERS SHALL COME FROM "ELO# RAC7! iuid substances being di)erted into certain mechanical

euipments %pumps'* processes sometimes ha)e oreign solidsubstances* impurities, i the source to come rom below to bedi)erted upwards, there is somewhat less probability that suchoreign solid substances would be di)erted upwards due to theorce o gra)ity.

!s in the case o gases such as steam, it di)erts certain moisture

rom the steam in the orm o condensate %due to liueaction'rom going into a particular system. /ote that steam is a gas andwould mo)e naturally in all directions* opening while moisture

would naturally settle beneath due to the orce o gra)itation. !dd to the act that most prime mo)ers %say pumps0 ans* blowers'

are located either in the ground or basement o a particularstructure. !s such the piping line source would be located rom thesource %below ground* abo)e ground' to be di)erted into theheader which is usually located abo)e the prime mo)er.

I"EAM ANGLE

MEFM ./0 ENGR! GS

MEFM ./0 ENGR! GS

MEFM ./0 ENGR! GS RO"LES;


3/16

.! ALL PIPING FROM HEADERS SHALL GO UP A"O9E RAC7! Piping rom the headers are di)erted upwards into their

corresponding processes* euipments and this %pipe laying' aredone in a way where the distribution pipes %abo)e the header' areinitially di)erted upwards* )ertical then e)entually di)ertedhorizontal %parallel with the ceiling' so as not to lower the )erticalclearance o pipes which would otherwise make it di1cult ortechnicians* operators to roam or work reely %there are standard)ertical clearances as well as spacing in the premises o machines*euipment'.


4/16

=! ALL PIPING SHOULD RUN #ITH SLIGHT INCLINATION FORDRAINAGE OF MAIN HEADERS!

The inclination although /8T T88 3T##P, would impro)e the

draining o headers rom any accumulated impurities%or unwantedsubstances' e)en without the aid o any mechanical de)ice.

7I3ust a P6+ at the lowest end o the

header ser)e as the discharge point o the accumulatedimpurities%or unwanted substances'.

>! ALL PIPING ON RAC7S SHALL HA9E A SUFFICIENT SPACING! Proper spacing is a 63T in any piping mounted on racks so that

hand tools such pipe wrenches can easily be used to alter anysingle piping line without disturbing the rest o the piping on thatrack.

Insu1cient spacing, would make lie di1cult or possible repairs oralterations. ! particular system %like piping' is designed so as notto complicate things, but make things much easier.

Se&'r'te r'?% for &$&e%0 &$&e

4-*3e%

DISCHARGE

PLUG TYPES



5/16

@! ALL PIPING =/!


6/16

,! ON LONG HEADERS; A PAIR OF UNIONS SHALL "EPRO9IDED FOR E9ERY THREELENGTHS OF =,,,MM OF PIPESSMALLER THAN =/!oints* loops.



7/16

6! NO GAL9ANI8ED PIPING SHALL "E USED FOR STEAMAPPLICATIONS!

+al)anized materials protect itsel rom rust or corrosion due to its

"I/< ected to high temperatures owing substances.

3team eats-up the zinc coating thus making gal)anized piping )ery

much prone to corrosion or rusting.

/! NO PIPING MATERIAL SHALL "E USED THAT IS EASILYCORRODED "Y MATERIAL PASSING THRU!

7esigning a system is a matter o selecting the best* suitable

material that would adapt to a gi)en condition. 3electing a gi)enmaterial or piping that would be easily afected by the substance

that it would con)ey is >ust a waste o time and money. ogically you would select a material that could withstand a harsh

condition. 2or corrosi)e substances, the use o T=#58P!3TI

E&'*%$o* o$*t% 't &$&e e*3%0

o**et$o*% m'3e -& of e$4e m'ter$'%to t'?e 're of mo+eme*t

R-%t form't$o* 'fter the $* o't$*2 h'3

3$m$*$%he3



8/16

.! ALL PIPING SHALL "E CLAMPED "Y JU"OLTSK OR CLAMPSTO SUPPORTING RAC7S ECEPT STEAM PIPING! ALL STEAMPIPING SHALL "E SUPPORTED ON ROLLERS OR SLIDINGSUPPORT FOR EPANSION

Piping system should be properly be supported using certain types

o rigid supports %such as 6-bolts and clamps' in cases only that

the piping system is not sub>ected to )arying temperatures.

=owe)er the use o rigid supports would not be possible i the

material con)eyed %steam or other hot liuids* substances' causes

the e&pansion or contraction o the said piping system.


9/16

=! ALL PIPING CARRYING PRESSURE SHALL "E OF

SUFFICIENT "URSTING STRENGTH FOR THE PRESSURE

APPLIED! A MINIMUM FACTOR OF SAFETY OF . FOR

#OR7ING PRESSURE APPLIED SHALL "E USED! A MINIMUM

FACTOR OF SAFETY OF . FOR #OR7ING PRESSURE APPLIED

SHALL "E USED! ! actor o saety less than ? would not be su1cient enough in the

long run.It would be illogical to use pipes that would not be able to withstand

the pressure gi)en-of by the substance con)eyed rom within.

=owe)er, considering a certain pipe whose bursting strength

capacity is well beyond the substance pressure emitted is not

totally a good buy, as it translates into additional costs than a pipe

with a su1cient bursting pressure which is much cheaper.

>! FOR CON9EYING LIQUIDS SU"ECT TO #ATER HAMMER;

ADDITIONAL FACTOR OF SAFETY OF ,, OF THE #OR7ING

PRESSURE SHALL "E APPLIED! #ATER HAMMERINGis a phenomenon where a sudden large ow

o liuid takes place inside a pipe* pump. This sudden increase in

load %water )olume' has this tendency is to bring-in 85# T=!/

T=# !9#5!+# 26I7 P5#3365# thus causing e&cessi)e )ibration

%hammering' that is characterized by rumbling sound which i not

taken care o properly would be a possible cause or the pipe*

piping line to crumble thus causing a greater degree o damage.#'ter h'mmer 'rre%ter0

'tte*-'tor

3uch de)ice

dissipates shock loads*

sudden surges in pressure

rom doing any harm onto

the whole piping system

A &$&e 4-r%t$*2 -*'4e to B$th%t'*3 the $*ter*' &re%%-re of the

%-4%t'*e from B$th$*



10/16

@! ALL PIPING CARRYING STEAM; HOT #ATER; OR HOT

LIQUIDS SHALL "E PROPERLY INSULATED TO PRE9ENTACCIDENTAL CONTACT AND LOSS OF HEAT! 6se o insulation is a must to pre)ent either loss or gain o heat

within a piping system. 3uch insulation is also a protecti)e means

or process operators or technicians rom any burns* scalds i they

ha)e accidentally made contact with a piping carrying steam, hot

water, or hot liuids.

osses within a system is only natural and could not be stopped

but could only be minimized. 3uch losses in the orm o heat %heat

transer' are caused by une)en temperatures rom the inside and

out o the pipe in)ol)ing the said liuids.

! DRAINS FROM STEAM PIPING SHALL "E PRO9IDED #ITH

STEAM TRAPS! 3team when used becomes liuid )apor %steam with a greater

moisture content'. 6sing a steam trap separates the steam* )apor

part rom the condensatepart %moisture' part thus enabling the

T5!PP#7 3T#!$ to be used once again %this by preheating'

instead o being wasted.

STEAM TRAPS

YSTRAINER



11/16

6,! ON ALL SCRE#ED OINTS; THE THREADED PORTION SHALL

ENTER FITTINGS #ITH THREE THREADS "Y HAND "EFORE A

PIPE #RENCH IS TO "E USED!

3uch reuirement I/II"#3 T=# P833I:# 7!!+# 82 T=5#!7,which i it happens would render the remaining length o the pipe

to be useless %as piping necessitates e&act pipe lengths during the

assembly process' or the remaining pipe length portion could still

be useable pro)ided that 2ITTI/+3 are to be used. This howe)er

would translate into additional costs.

6! PIPE THREADS SHOULD "E LU"RICATED "Y #HITE LEAD;

RED LEAD; GRAPHITE; AND OIL OR OTHER APPRO9ED

THREAD LU"RICANTS "EFORE TIGHTENING! Pipe threads i let untreated with lubrication could

8@I7I"#%deteriorate' and as such during the disassembly process

could damage the threads rendering them useless.

66! NO RU""ER OR RU""ERI8ED GAS7ETS SHALL "E USED

FOR STEAM OR OTHER HOT




12/16

2lange couplings reuire the use o gaskets to pro)ide a 3#!I/+

!


13/16

6

METALS INSIDE! Irregularities or imperections particularly on the threads which i

let, could lead to a possible damage o the threaded members

during assembly connections.

6=! NO PIPING SHALL "E IM"EDDED IN CONCRETE #ALLS OR

FLOORS! 8ne o the main causes o concrete deterioration is the seeping o

moisture* water rom within. Piping systems i imbedded on

concrete walls or oors could leak rom the inside thus could causedamage on the concrete wall or oor.

!lso, it would be impossible to detect deects rom the piping

system as well as ha)ing an additional burden o e&tricating such

piping i possible disassembly warrants* is necessitated.

A Bor?er 2r$*3$*2o -**ee%%'r1

ro-2h %-rf'e% Bh$h o-3 &ro+e to

4e 3etr$me*t' to the &$&$*2 %1%tem

Bhe* -$3 oB t'?e%

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14/16

6>! #HERE PIPING HAS TO "E LOCATED IN TRENCHES; THE

PIPES SHALL "E SUPPORTED ON STEEL "RANCHES ON FLOOR

OF TRENCH! Trenches could be a possible location where liuid could

accumulated, i piping is not ele)ated, the piping system could be

submerged in such accumulated liuid thereby complicating

disassembly* repair procedures as you need to drain the trench

4rst.

These so called steel branches also ensures a proper working

space when repairs* alterations are needed on the pipe. Imagine

such scenario where the pipeAs surace is directly placed along the

trenchAs base, making repairs* alterations using pipe wrenches

impossible.

6@! #HERE PIPING HAS TO "E LOCATED IN TRENCHES; A

SUITA"LE DRAINAGE OR SUMP FOR REMO9AL OF LIQUID

ACCUMULATIONS SHALL "E PRO9IDED FOR TRENCH! ! drainage system is a must or e)ery piping system located in

trenches. iuids could easily accumulate in trenches and would

need a longer period o time i you want the accumulated liuid todissipate* recede through e)aporation. !s such, a drainage is

necessitated or remo)al o accumulated liuid.

In areas where large )olumes o accumulated liuid is e&pected,

the use o a natural draining system is no longer )iable resulting

into the usage o sump pumps to handle large )olumes o liuid

accumulations



15/16

6! #HERE PIPING CARRYING STEAM OR HOT LIQUIDS HA9ETO PASS #ALLS OF CONCRETE SUITA"LE SLEE9ES MADE OF

PIPES ONE SI8E "IGGER SHALL "E IM"EDDED IN CONCRETE

"EFORE THE PIPE IS LAID! 3uch would ofset possible e&pansion o the pipes which not taken

care o would pro)ide undue stress on the concrete wall itsel.

/,! PIPING TO ALL EQUIPMENT SHALL NOT "E SU"ECTED TOANY STRESS ON EQUIPMENT "EING CONNECTED! 6nacceptable le)els o )ibrations are the leading causes o

mechanical ailure as these could cause misalignment, i any

undue stress should be imparted it should be on the piping itsel as

they are much cheaper than mechanical euipments such pumps.

#$th

the rot't$*2 e-$&me*t (-%-'1 &-m&%0 '$r om&re%%or%) 4e$*2

o**ete3 to the &$&e$*e%; $t $% '%o %-4ete3 to the %'me h'r%h

o*3$t$o*% '% the &$&e $?e +$4r't$o*%! If *ot &ro&er1 t'?e* 're of $t

B$ e'3 to e-$&me*t f'$-re Bh$h %ho-3*t 4e 't the +er1 r%t !



16/16

/! PIPES CARRYING LIQUIDS #ITH SOLIDS SHALL USE LONG

RADIUS EL"O#S OR TEES #ITH PLUGS IN THE DIRECTION OF

FLO#! 3uch substance are )iscous liuids, as such they ha)e more

resistance to ow and would e)entually 4nd di1culty accessing

piping systems with short radius elbows as uid riction are much

greater in this instance. Pro)iding plugs would pro)ide relie on the

piping i clogging happens. Plugs are used to drain clogged

particles.

LONG RADIUSEL"O#S:

SHORT RADIUSEL"O#S:


2 mefm 413 gen piping requirements.doc

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