2 - minerals building blocks of rocks matter & atomic structure bonding minerals –physical...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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2 - MINERALSBuilding Blocks of Rocks
• Matter & Atomic Structure
• Bonding
• Minerals– Physical properties of minerals– Major rock-forming mineral families– Silicates - rock-forming SUPER STARS
BONDING - 4 kinds
IONIC - electrical charge
COVALENT - sharing
METALLIC - inner shell covalent bond
INTERMOLECULAR - Van der Waal’s
MINERALS - Rock Builders
NATURALLY FORMED
INORGANIC
CRYSTALLINE & SOLID
DIAGNOSTIC CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Ionic Radii & charge of some
geologically important ions allows “ionic
substitution” or SOLID
SOLUTION
WHAT FACTORS DETERMINE WHAT
MINERAL WILL FORM?
WHAT ELEMENTS ARE AVAILABLE ABUNDANCE OF EACH ELEMENT SIZE & CHARGE OF EACH
ELEMENT ENVIRONMENT - SPACE,
PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE
Identify Minerals by Their Physical Properties
Crystal Habit Cleavage &
Fracture * Striations Hardness
Specific Gravity Color Streak Luster Acid Test
COMMON ROCK-FORMINGMINERAL FAMILIES
NATIVE ELEMENTS - GOLD, COPPER
HALIDES - PRECIPITATES OXIDES - 1 METAL + OXYGEN SULFIDES - 1 METAL + SULFUR SULFATES - (SO4)2-
CARBONATES - (CO3)2-
SILICATES - SUPER STARS!!!
About Silicates
There are 2 families of silicates:
FERROMAGNESIAN SILICATES - Fe/Mg -> MAFIC MINERALS
NONFERROMAGNESIAN or ALUMINO- SILICATES -> FELSIC MINERALS