2nd Quarter Overview

• Number a sheet of paper 1 – 5• As I outline the 2nd Quarter write down 5

things that you don’t remember / understand (This is your TOD)

Unit 3: America Becomes a World Power

• Standard 11.4 Students trace the rise of the United States to its role as a world power in the twentieth century.

• List the purpose and the effects of the Open Door policy. • Describe the Spanish-American War and U.S. expansion in the South

Pacific. • Discuss America's role in the Panama Revolution and the building of the

Panama Canal. • Explain Theodore Roosevelt's Big Stick diplomacy, William Taft's Dollar

Diplomacy, and Woodrow Wilson's Moral Diplomacy, drawing on relevant speeches.

• Analyze the political, economic, and social ramifications of World War I on the home front.

• Trace the declining role of Great Britain and the expanding role of the United States in world affairs after World War II.

Unit 3: Essential Vocabulary Terms:

• foreign policy: A program of action having to do with other countries.

• Imperialism: a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.

• Interventionism: Involvement in another country’s affairs

• Jingoism: extreme chauvinism or nationalism• Pacifism: opposition to war or violence

The Monroe Doctrine

• “The Americas are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers” and that “we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.” President James Monroe 1823

U.S. Territorial Expansion in the 1800’s

• U.S. doubled in size which led to westward expansion

• Industrial Revolution created interest in overseas markets and territories

• Imperialism (The policy of establishing colonies and building empires)• political and economic expansion led to growing

involvement by the U.S. in Latin America, Hawaii, and Samoa • led to war with Spain

Cuba – a Spanish colony

• U.S. had economic ties w/ Cuba

• Cubans revolted against Spanish rule

• Spain responded w/ brutal treatment of Cubans

The Maine explodes

• U.S. battleship Maine sent into Cuba to protect U.S. citizens and property

• The Maine exploded killing 260 sailors

• Anti-Spanish feelings spread through “yellow journalism”

Joseph Pulitzer –WorldWilliam Randolph Hearst – Journal

• President McKinley first opposed U.S. military action against Spain but on May 1, 1898 war broke out between U.S. and Spain in the Philippines.

The U.S. Defeats Spain

• African Americans played important role in defeating Spain

• July 3 - U.S. destroyed Spanish fleet and ended Spanish resistance in Cuba

• October 1898 the Treaty of Paris signed which Spain granted independence to Cuba and ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, & the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million

Theodore RooseveltPresident 1901-1909

• Hero of Spanish-American War• Became Pres. In 1901 after McKinley

assassinated (elected in 1904)• Foreign Policy: “Speak softly, and carry a big

stick”• Roosevelt Corollary: U.S. as international

policeman

• Hero of Spanish-American War• Became Pres. In 1901 after McKinley

assassinated (elected in 1904)• Foreign Policy: “Speak softly, and carry a big

stick”• Roosevelt Corollary: U.S. as international

policeman

Howard TaftPresident 1909-1913

• Dollar Diplomacy:– Taft’s foreign policy of

improving the economic status of Latin American countries.

– American businesses were encouraged to invest in foreign countries and thus allow the U.S. to influence regions economically (substitute dollars for bullets)

Woodrow WilsonPresident 1913-1921

• Wilson’s foreign policy: “Moral Diplomacy”– use of negotiation and

arbitration when dealing w/ foreign countries

Effects of WWI on the Home Front

U.S. Enters the War on the Side of the Allies

• U.S. was unprepared for war• Military draft was needed• Factories converted to making military

supplies/weapons• African Americans joined the military but

were segregated

U.S. Draft

• War Industrial Board – Build military supplies

• “Work or Fight” rule• National War Labor Board – Unified labor policies

• Woman entered the workforce• Food production became a top priority

Woman in the Workforce

American Propaganda

• Committee on Public Information– Propaganda – war was being fought for freedom

and democracy

• Espionage Act and Sedition Act– To prevent obstruction of war effort

• German-Americans became victims of wartime fears

Effects of World War I

• The Versailles Treaty– Americans criticized Wilson for negotiating a

treaty.– U.S. refused to ratify over Wilson’s plea– Wilson wanted a League of Nations to be included

in the peace treaty.

• Wilson’s 14 Points– Wanted to eliminate the causes of war

The United States will become the most powerful nation in the world while Britain will decline in power.

Unit 4: The Jazz Age U.S. History

• Standard 11.5: Students analyze the major political, social, economic, technological, and cultural developments of the 1920s.

• Discuss the policies of Presidents Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. • Analyze the international and domestic events, interests, and philosophies that prompted

attacks on civil liberties, including the Palmer Raids, Marcus Garvey's "back-to-Africa" movement, the Ku Klux Klan, and immigration quotas and the responses of organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and the Anti-Defamation League to those attacks.

• Examine the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act (Prohibition).

• Analyze the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the changing role of women in society. • Describe the Harlem Renaissance and new trends in literature, music, and art, with special

attention to the work of writers (e.g., Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes). • Trace the growth and effects of radio and movies and their role in the worldwide diffusion of

popular culture. • Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new

technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape.

Unit 4: Essential Vocabulary Terms:

• Suffrage: The right or privilege of voting• Isolationism: A national policy of abstaining from political or

economic relations with other countries.• Mass production: The manufactures of goods in large

quantities, often using standardized designs and assembly-line techniques.

• Prohibition: The act of prohibiting or the condition of being prohibited (not allow)

• Mass Media: A means of public communication reaching a large audience

• 19th Amendment (Woman’s Suffrage)– Woman obtained the right to vote in 1920– Required lengthy and difficult struggle– The beginning of the fight for women suffrage is

usually traced to the "Declaration of Sentiments" produced at the first woman's rights convention in Seneca Falls, N. Y. in 1848.

– Influenced by woman who participated in WWI

• The Harlem Renaissance:– A time period during the 1920’s in which African-

American literature, art, music, dance, and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem, a section of New York City.

– became known as "The New Negro Movement" and later as the Harlem Renaissance

Harlem Renaissance Writers• Langston Hughes

I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send

me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed-- I, too, am America.

Harlem Renaissance Writers• Zora Neale Hurston “Anyway, the force from

somewhere in Space which commands you to write in the first place, gives you no choice. You take up the pen when you are told, and write what is commanded. There is no agony like bearing an untold story inside you. “

• 1920 – 1st Radio Broadcast• American Broadcasting Corporation

(ABC)• National Broadcasting Corporation (NBC)• The radio was TV in the 1920’s.

(music, news, sports, comedies, dramas, mysteries, etc.)

Standard 11.5.7Discuss the rise of mass production techniques, the growth of cities, the impact of new technologies (e.g., the automobile, electricity), and the

resulting prosperity and effect on the American landscape. • Henry Ford– The Model “T” (all could afford)– Used mass production techniques: assembly line,

standardized parts and vertical organization

• By the mid-1920’s Chrysler and General Motors were competing with Ford

• Increase in big business created cheap products and more opportunities for wealth.

The Red Scare

• A period of organized attacks on radicals and foreigners by government because of the threat of a communist revolution in the U.S. – The “Palmer Raids”• Attorney General Palmer organized troops to arrest

and deport “Reds” or communists– Arrested 4-10,000 radicals and jailed them w/out formal

charges– 600 deported– 249 sent to Russia

• Anti-immigration laws– Johnson Act• Limit immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe

to 3% of the # of immigrants living in U.S. in 1910

– National Origins Act• Set quota to 2 %

– Result = huge decline in immigration from Southern & Eastern Europe

• The American Civil Liberties Union– Purpose = to defend immigrants and other “undesirables” in court to ensure constitutional rights

– No court victories– Most Americans agreed w/ immigration laws and “Palmer Raids”

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial

• 1920 The People of Mass. Vs. Sacco & Vanzetti– Italian immigrants and anarchists were sentenced

to death for murder although there was no concrete evidence against them

• Evidence and Conclusions from the trial– Missing links in persecution’s case led many to

believe that Sacco and Vanzetti were victims of government repression and xenophobia

• The New Ku Klux Klan– To be a true American one must belong to one race,

religion, and political and economic philosophy– “natives” were real Americans – (white, Protestants)

• Re-birthed the KKK• Hiram Wesley Evans served as “Imperial Wizard” during 1920’s and

1930’s

• KKK violence– Conducted “swift justice”– Responsible for dozens of beatings and killings

The Anti-Defamation League

• Defamation: an abusive attack on a person's character or good name

• The Anti-Defamation League was launched in 1913 in response to rampant anti-Semitism and discrimination against Jews.

• Helped to end discrimination in hiring, schooling and housing.

The Science vs. Religion Debate

• The Scopes Trial– 1925 ACLU approached science instructor John T.

Scopes for anti-evolution “test-case”– Scopes found guilty

Marcus Garvey and Black Pride

• 1914 formed United Negro Improvement Association

• Publication: The Negro World• Black Eagle Flying Corps– All sought to empower blacks worldwide toward

economic, religious, psychological, and cultural independence.

– Promoted “Back to Africa” seperatist movement

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

• Founded in 1909• W.E.B. Du Bois – founder• People of all races, nationalities and faiths

united on one premise --that all men and women are created equal.

• Fights legal battles to end discrimination and racism

Republican Leadership in the 1920’s

Warren G. Harding1920-1923

• Promised: – low taxes– higher tarrifs– restriction on immigration– aid to farmers– “law and order” – a “return to normalcy”

• “The Ohio Gang”- corrupt activities (Teapot Dome)

• Vice President – Calvin Coolidge

Calvin Coolidge1923-1929

• Became President after Harding’s death• Kept most of cabinet except “Ohio Gang”• Had great faith in American Business• 1924 won presidency – “Keep cool with

Coolidge”• Between 1921-1929 output of industry

doubled = prosperity

Herbert Hoover1929-1933

• Election 1928 = Hoover vs. Smith• Hoover: Pro-business, conservative, belief in the

individual, advocate of small federal government, Protestant

• Smith: Democrat, pro public health, workers’ compensation, civil liberties, government control of some industries, Catholic

• 6 months after election the stock market crashed = worst depression in American History

• Believed if gov’t. helped businesses the $ would “trickle-down” to the poor (it never did!)

Unit 5: The Great Depression• 11.6 Students analyze the different explanations for the Great Depression and

how the New Deal fundamentally changed the role of the federal government.• Describe the monetary issues of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

that gave rise to the establishment of the Federal Reserve and the weaknesses in key sectors of the economy in the late 1920s.

• Understand the explanations of the principal causes of the Great Depression and the steps taken by the Federal Reserve, Congress, and Presidents Herbert Hoover and Franklin Delano Roosevelt to combat the economic crisis.

• Discuss the human toll of the Depression, natural disasters, and unwise agricultural practices and their effects on the depopulation of rural regions and on political movements of the left and right, with particular attention to the Dust Bowl refugees and their social and economic impacts in California.

• Analyze the effects of and the controversies arising from New Deal economic policies and the expanded role of the federal government in society and the economy since the 1930s (e.g., Works Progress Administration, Social Security, National Labor Relations Board, farm programs, regional development policies, and energy development projects such as the Tennessee Valley Authority, California Central Valley Project, and Bonneville Dam).

• Trace the advances and retreats of organized labor, from the creation of the American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations to current issues of a postindustrial, multinational economy, including the United Farm Workers in California.

Unit 5: Essential Vocabulary Words:• 1. depression: economic condition marked by an extended and severe decline in

production, sales, and severe increase in unemployment• 2. extremism: the act of supporting extreme political measures• 3. government activism: the practice that emphasizes direct vigorous action

especially in support of or opposition to one side of a controversial issue in government

• 4. public works: works (as schools, highways, docks) constructed for public use or enjoyment especially when financed and owned by the government

• 5. separation of powers: the three branches of government each having their own, separated powers or duties

• 6. unemployment: the state of being unemployed (without gainful occupation)• 7. welfare program: an agency or program through which such aid is distributed• 8. speculation: risky business venture involving buying or selling in the hope of

making a large, quick profit• 9. installment buying: an agreement whereby a purchaser made a down payment

and paid the rest of the cost in periodic regular installments to which an interest charge was added

• 10. buying on margin: buying stock by making a small cash down payment and borrowing the rest from a stockbroker

• The Depression Foreshadowed– The Stock Market Crash

• Oct. 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday) orders to sell swamped the stock market

• Fortunes made were lost in hours

Causes of the Great Depression

• 1. Republican Economic Policies – (“Trickle-down Economics”)

• 2. Real Estate & Stock Speculation• 3. Weak and Unregulated Banking Institutions• 4. Overproduction of Goods• 5. The Decline of the Farming Industry• 6. Unequal Distribution of Wealth

• The Dust Bowl– Many farmers migrated west

(California)– Lived in makeshift shacks

(Hoovervilles)– Poverty contributed to the

nation’s overall economic decline and large gap between the “haves” and the ‘have-nots”

– Song: “Talking Dust Bowl”• (Vol. 2 Track 9)

The Toll of the Depression on American Life

• 25 % unemployment (sold apples for $)

• 10 million lost their job• Significant wage losses• Stock market value shrunk

from $89.7 billion to $15.6 billion

• Banks closed• Schools forced to close

The Beginning of the New Deal(1st New Deal: Relief and Recovery)

• Recovery During the First Hundred Days– Bank holiday– Emergency Banking Relief Act and the Economy

Act• Balance the federal budget

– National Industrial Recovery Act• $3 billion for public works

• Direct Relief for People in Need– Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)• $500 million in grants for the unemployed• Social Security (Retirement Benefits)

– Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)• Raised market prices for crops and livestock• Funded by tax on farming industries

– Farm Security Administration• Made loans to tenant farmers to buy land

• The TVA Leads to New Deal Reform Efforts– Tennessee Valley Authority• Cheap electrical power• Opposition to TVA because it competed with private power companies

• California Central Valley Project– authorized expenditures of funds for various

types of public works projects, including water conservation and irrigation. The Central Valley Project (CVP), a series of dams, reservoirs and canals in the San Joaquin Valley of California, was first established under this authority.

• Bonneville Dam– Located in Columbia River. Connects Washington and Oregon. Supplies inexpensive electrical power.

• Reasons for the New Deal’s Early Success– Eager to enact legislation– FDR sought advice from “Brain Trust”– “Fireside Chats”– Supreme court ruled in favor of New Deal because of new justices were appointed.

Work Programs2nd New Deal

• The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)– Relieve unemployment and poverty– Put 250,000 men to work

• Workers Progress Administration (WPA)– Hired unemployed artists and writers– Literature based on human suffering

• National Youth Administration– Gave the youth jobs

• 2nd New Deal programs enlisted the help of Republicans

• Modest Gains for Labor– National Industrial Recovery Act • codes of “fair competition”• Set prices to eliminate discount selling• Set up National Recovery Administration (NRA)• Shortened workers hours to create more jobs• Established minimum wage levels

– National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)• National Labor Relations Board• Gov’t monitored big business practices• Workers right to bargain collectively (arbitrate

grievances)• Reinstate workers fired for supporting unions• Hold secret elections to find out if workers wanted to

unionize

– Fair Labor Standards Act• Eliminated child labor• Minimum wage• Higher overtime pay

– American Federation of Labor (AFL) leaders will form the Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)

– CIO – industrial union – unionized workers in a single industry regardless of the job they performed

– United Farm Workers in California• Cesar Chavez organized farm workers in

California

The Legacy of the New Deal

• The Second Hundred Days– $1 billion in public works– Greater protection of labor unions– Built granaries for storage during drought– Grants to artists and writers– Rural electrification projects

• The Supreme Court Fight– FDR wanted to appoint 6 new justices– “excuse” for new justices was because the current ones

were old and incompetent.

• The Legacy of the New Deal– Reshaped the role of the presidency– Growth of federal government– Increased role of woman in government

• Assessing the New Deal: Did it Work?– Positive• Drop of unemployment• Drop of business failures• Increase in confidence in banks• Help for farmers• Aided millions

– Negative• Federal debt increased• Unemployment was high• GDP grew at a sluggish rate

• WWII took U.S. out of depression

• The Dollar Diplomacy of William Howard Taft promoted which one of the following?– American Business– International cooperation – American military bases– Democratic principles

• When Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer conducted his raids, his fear was that– Communist workers were holding positions in the

State Department.– A radical movement was attempting to take over

the United States.– A few fanatic anarchists were about to be elected

to office.

• President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression included which of the following programs?– Tennessee Valley Authority – National recovery act – Reconstruction finance corporation – Agricultural adjustment act

• Marcus Garvey is best known for which one of the following?– Promotion of racial pride among African-

Americans.– Non-violent, non-cooperation with unjust racial

laws– Sit-ins aimed at gaining full equality for African-

Americans – Full acceptance and integration for African-

Americans in U.S. society

• What was the main goal of the resurgent Ku Klux Klan members in the 1920s?– Opposition to the establishment of protestant

schools – Repeal of the 18th amendment, prohibition – Restoration of white protestant domination– Development of a rural society with traditional

values

• Which of the following was a New Deal program designed to put people back to work?– Federal deposit Insurance corporation– Securities and exchange commission – Home owners’ loan corporation– Civilian Conservation Corps

• The movie, Birth of a Nation, and the terms “nativism,” and “anti-semitism” are most closely associated with which of the following?– Ku Kluz Klan – Modernists – Scopes trial – A. Mitchell palmer

• The programs of the New Deal established a legacy for managing the U.S. economy. Which on of the following is part of the legacy of the New Deal?– State-controlled cooperatives and farms – Protection of individuals’ bank accounts – Tax cuts with a reduction in government spending – A balanced budget to reduce the national debt

• the movement of blacks to return to Africa was fostered by which one of the following people?– Marcus Garvey– Booker t. Washington – Fredrick douglass – Malcolm X

• During the 1920s, anti-immigrant sentiments were expressed by all of the following EXCEPT the – National origins Act of 1928– Ku KLUX KLAN– Nativists.– Anti-Defamation League.

• What was the main message of the Roosevelt Corollary?– U.S. territories could not enter any foreign

alliances with other European nations unfriendly to the U.S.

– The U.S. would use military force to prevent other powers from interfering in the affairs of Latin America

– U.S. territories could remain as trading partners and keep their “unincorporated” status.

– The U.S. would support only those revolutionary movements promoting democratic principles.

• Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” philosophy was concerned with which of the following?– Breaking up of trusts and monopolies – Public health problems in food and drugs– Unites States’ relationships in foreign policy– Dissatisfaction with his own political party

• The National Origins Act (1924) limited the number of immigrants to the United States based on– The number of applications from their home

countries– The background of the population already in the

U.S.– When they arrived during the calendar year.– The intended destination of the immigrant.

• Socialists and progressive politicians attacked Roosevelt’s New Deal because they believed it did not resolve– Over-speculation in the stock market– Reduction of the money supply by the Federal

Reserve system– Uncontrolled consumer credit spending– Unequal distribution of wealth in the nation

• “Nativism”, or the intense hostility to foreigners prevalent in the 1920s, led to all of the following EXCEPT the– elimination of all immigration quotas– executions of Sacco and Vanztti– founding of new political parties– larges Ku Klux Klan demonstrations

• Two causes of the Great Depression were and uneven distribution of wealth and– Low-interest rates charged by banks– Excess regulation of big business– Over-speculation in the stock market– The decline in credit purchases

• In proposing his Fourteen Points at the Treaty of Versailles, Woodrow Wilson called for which one of the following?– Redrawing the map of the Middle East by the

major powers– Self-determination for the countries of Eastern

Europe– Funds to help the new countries emerging in

Africa– A return to “isolationism” for American foreign

policy

• Under the court-packing plan, what was President Roosevelt’s “excuse” for adding more justices to the Supreme Court?– To lighten the workload for the Supreme Court– To provide employment for out-of-work judges– To speed-up the New Deal programs – To increase funding for the Social Security system

• During the first part of the Great Depression, Congress passed the Hawley-Smoot tariff to– Ease the pain and suffering of the unemployed– Encourage business leaders to maintain

employment rates– To finance the Bonus Army pension fund– To protect American industries from foreign

imports

• President Hoover’s overall strategies to combat the economic crisis included– The voluntary actions of business leaders along

with government program– The government putting economic regulations on

businesses– the government creation the New Deal program– the government increasing taxes for the wealthy

• William Howard Taft’s program of “substituting dollars for bullets” was also know as which of the following?– Wealth of nations– Good neighbor policy– Dollar diplomacy – Gospel of wealth

• President Herbert Hoover tried to stop the economic downturn known as the Great Depression by– Calling of voluntary actions by business leaders– Repaying the Bonus Army– Ordering massive government spending – Lowering tariffs on European goods

• President Roosevelt’s program that put money into people’s hands in the form of old age benefits was the– Work progress administration – Social security administration– Public works administration– Federal emergency relief administration

• What was the New Deal program that put people to work building flood control and electrical power generation facilities?– Civilian conservation corps– Agricultural adjustment administration– Tennessee valley authority– Work progress administration

• As a result of Woodrow Wilson” Moral Diplomacy, all of the following legislation was passed EXCEPT the– Sherman anti-trust act – Federal reserve act– Clayton anti-trust act – Federal trade commission

• When Theodore Roosevelt added his Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, it did all of the following EXCEPT– Allow the U.S. to use force in Latin America when

it was deemed necessary– Settle a dispute between Britain, Germany, and

Venezuela– Give the United States control of the Panama

territory– Give the United States responsibility for several

Caribbean territories

• The Palmer raids and the Sacco and Vanzetti case demonstrated which of the following?– Americans were beginning to react to and reject

isolationism – Traditional American social boundaries were being

eliminated– The Ku Klux Klan had become more influential in

government – Fear of foreigners and communists provoked

injustices

• Which of the following organizations aggressively pushed the passing of a federal anti-lynching law in the 1920s?– Universal negro improvement association – National association for the advancement of

colored people – American liberty league – Anti-defamation league

• The Agricultural Recovery Act of 1933 was designed to – Relocate poor farmers to urban areas for better

jobs– Raise farm prices and increase farmers’

purchasing power– Increase the amount of farm land planted to cash

crops– Eliminate the middlemen in the sale of agricultural

commodities

• Which of the following from Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal for relief, recovery, and reform was considered a “relief’ program?– Social security administration– Tennessee valley authority – Security and exchange commission – Civilian conservation corps

• Which of the following from Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal for relief, recovery, and reform was considered a “reform” program?– Security and exchange commission – Civilian conservation corps – Agricultural adjustment act – Works progress administration

• During the early 1920s, which was a MAIN reason for African Americans migration from the south to the north?– A lack of public services in the south – Better job opportunities in the north – Marcus garvey’s UNIA organization located to the

north – The NAACP moved its headquarters to the north

• Which of the following New Deal programs was designed primarily to create jobs?– Social security act – Home owners’ loan corporation – Emergency banking act – Public works administration

• all of the following items were included in the social security EXCEPT– old-age pensions– unemployment insurance– food stamps – aid for the physically disabled