2 · susitna ~ydroelectric project task 42 reservoir temperature and ice study introduction. o...
TRANSCRIPT
Ice and Teapera t ure Stud t •• WorkshopHay 15, 1984
Agenda and Schedule
(8: )0)
(8:4~)
(9:00)
I.
II.
Introduction
Overview of Ice a nd Tempe ra tur. A. a•••ment Prog ra.
DISCUSS ION
(9:)0) Ill.
(10: 10)
(10: ~O)
(11:00) IV.
(11:)0)
(12:00)
Ina t ream Tempe r a t ure PredictionsA. Reaervoir Conditiona8. In atr . a. Tempera tur. Cond i t ioneC. Side Slou,h Tempe ratur. Condi t ions
DI SCUSSION
BREAK
Dev.lo~nt of Temperature Cr l t e r t a fo r Fishery ~.e• •aentA. Field St udt •• of In stre•• K.bltat (T.-peratur.)
Relat lon_hlp.B. Ltterature Review and L.boratory Studt••
DI SCUSSION
LUNCH
(I: 00)
(I: 20)
(2:00)
():OO)
V.
VI .
DISCUSSION
In etree. Ice Predictions and Ana lyataA. Natur.l Inatr••• Ice Condi t ione
1. Physical Proc•••••2. Fiahery R.blta t Inv.a t t •• t l ona
8. Wi t h Proj ect lna t r••• lee Pred ic t ion.C. lee Aa••••.ent Approach
DISCUSSION
S~ry " Announce-nu
Pre••ntation. vill b. brief; oppor tunity vlll be provided for an~rln.
quea tiona .fter each pr••entatlon. Lonler dt.cuaa lon period. follow.ach wo rkahop .ee-ent .
••I •j •j
~ ~
....-I ·j '--
,•2 ••- ~
•o8
SUSITNA INSTREAM TEMPERATUREAND ICE ASSESSMENT PROGRAM
INSTREAM TEMPERATURE SIMULATlONSRESOPS
+D'fRESM
+I SNTEMP I
I I
BIOLOGICAL CRITERIA
Susitna LiteratureFlelcl Studies Rwiew
LaboratoryStudies
Biol09ical Response to Temperaturej j
Instream Temperature EffectsI a., Susitna Fishery Resources
OfICECAL+
Pre- and With-ProjectIce Conditions 1 ....... 1 I
PhysicaI/MechcJrjcaI o-toPP;1l9 I V;!L...- - ----------JAnchor Ice !ThermoO
NaturalIce
Dynamics
Mainstem vs. Side S10U9h
Flow and T~tureRelationships
Predicted Pre-and Witt,-Project Instream Temperaturelnler Cokl-AIIQ.-Warm Meteorol09Yand Ulw-Avg.-Hi9h Flaw Conditions I
iii i
Instream Ice Physical Effectson Susitna Fish«y Resources
AEIDC May 1984
I•!•
I ..~Hr;:::! :
~ ."
•
~ift"
! • ~S ! ;8<1-- a~h5 ~ eg
•
:
eliI~£~
• jfft •
sa• •; • •
~ = I §J •
~ -- 3 2-! ! i i •
hu
~• 5 i •
= ~~.- - J f - ,
•
w /l r u ? Tf. mpUlATlJRE (INn ~tl S imULATIONNlf.TH O OO I...0 6-Y
/. Rf! T / OAJI1L [ - /30UND/N &-
2 LJ/ivTEI<. AN D surnrn eeS/mVLI'1T1 0 iJ PERIODs
3 /Il EIE O~OLO (j-/( 17AJD
HYO ROLO&-/( COIV O / J I O/US
4. PROI EC T OPt R ri r/o.»
s. S umm AI<. Y OF f Y TR E177E
CA St S
~
~J INTC. t<. TlmPUl/iUi!£ /lND ICE. S ImuLI'fnONS
~AJTfK I IANTE C EDEN7" SiJ lI1mtt<. 1 RES EI:. vo 1R~N /llJlf'Fmaa: rulE l? VNOFF
W ET r;y."PL 1t nn: /Vfl11JR. (J
( 11-n .. ) L Ld,'t f Or O·c..)WflRmur Oulnow
TlmPun7W.t
(OL D AllLIt. ACr£.( 11" 1;2..) (no u:.n,,};lionJ :;"'v/. l, cJ )
r-r-: PUf!.ItflTt /Urrr~UlL
( .><J.. cI ~ It. ,q )DItY wll"",,~rr OVT7'u>w
( . y"tktf-iL') runP.:JU!1\iVi.. G.l<J A)L- DUPl : lllr£ ",A 1lJIU>(
SlVlKl r..p. Ov Cr H7
( COI' rfon, ~"l>OO c-r. )
/1V t;.: /IvE w ET DUPlICNL NIl11.Jl11lL
( 8 / "1l~ (81" B:l. )82.. .. 83 t:lV EIt.Alrl_ Dultl (JI ll /U1l1lJ1UIL
14"'i'S) (6:HIJ)DRY t>vpllcnTl. MTlJIltll...
l:t4-7S)
w ET D<.A,cnrr NIl11JUH.
( S'I" rl.t.+/<..) [ (StAtJ./t. G)~"mlJ7 Our1tJJ/"J
wI'll m ll llUfl(r! Tll71J"tIll l TV"! (ltk J Il)( ?r. .. n) Cno c.o-.Jili'''J : imv/. /tJ )
DRY PUl'll( IlTE ",A7111!flL
l1C,"-H)[ WIll!n-v 17 ourFLOW
Tl Tt'V"lItA1V'-€
rrrrv- be - ~ 3
.. COUl JT
r- b"'T"fo't.'7n,.",. (,6 - 61
-- -Q - 61-83
- -e- - e l-81.
\
V
TALk.U _T/v A m EAN /TlONnJL'1 WlfJ rE Rm« nmP[li1I~rv/u- I
o
8
/1
I~
_g '-- --1 _
I(-<t
!y\ONT!J
GOlO C RE.[ l::. FL OW\J 0 l LI tl'1 £S fO/l. rrv n '1IH~OU&H s£ pr~ rn r. £~
: .1"' 0 W!..TTtt7
Wnw<T/ AV(IUlH
" / H . OO.'~ . ,po on" 'Of il 4 ,
o I~ " ~ ' . 1.1 0 'O lt l ls T
f'I
If
f
f
»f
f
f,f
/f
/ ~/ ''1
;" // "I /
;' /! ( /, 1/
/ fl ', '.;y '
' /
63a-J
"-
.~
0-)< 20 ..... I>-
2i ,........U
< 11.
r- "--- .,.-- ---,- - _, ••r-.- r-J"I,..i.. T f\~ " tJn 1(171 C".CI A.
sumrn E}'? rs m PEI2A ruee S tm vLltn OlliS
~mm~R-J I ~urnm~1{ I I<EH/{voIRl-Q.Pf , ttTI0IY_m P fro T!JI? 8.!JI.JOf(
J.il'H FLCXN I'O.£lISE
W E. T -EASf C. RfLEASt:/ " '1 1 ' OW h.OW 1f!Lf./I Se
COL D fN EF!fl&f
IHI l (no ,: o,.,J .J ;... " : i.,.. ...I:rI.of)
/ Ha HI'H flOW sasase. D"1 I CAS l C. 1?! t£IlU
1170 lCj.,J R a.J /ULfAU
Lv E.7 Clllf C. , ' H ilS£.
1 / 18 1
fJ VU</~1r! {jvLIit.A&£ eM ! c. R!lVln-11 e1 1'181..118 1.
DI<'((no torJ;1i.~ : i..u ,.ltd)
W£.7
H" ~I flOU R. Lf AIl
I'fH CP H c. ' HUHl
v llflm !lVfPA &E Lew FLOW "fLf.AS (
11HIn7- Il /'H flJ)1.J 'fUP lf.
t:.1l'1 I ellSl c.. KlLl I'I!
/71t LOw fLOl.J II.us»st
TflLJ'£ETNIl mutN m ONTHLT scmme»~ II? TE.m"E.,e/tT()~ES
~~fo
~'-" (,4
l<J
~ (,2...«"'c. ~O
~~ 56~
il: S~-<r::., 4
J-.
~ 5.l..
~t:
~·O-:?<l: 4\1....~
41..
4t
H .
40", ~ \' rVr"L TlJ ':" ': ~U c.- :£pr
~ l IT 1 • ,-, P Orn tr 1ItH ' ~ , , ~ . 2}JDl.J~FJ
s n «!J 118 l.
.. I~rl 2ftJO C.OLD!.S T
.... '''~ • c:.O~O,l:' S'T
SUSITNA ~YDROELECTRIC PROJECT
TASK 42RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE AND ICE STUDY
Introduction.
o Re.ervoir outflow temperature ••
a Watan. only (1996 and 2001 d.m.nd5)~
o Watana/Devil Canyon (2002 and 2020 demands).
o Ca•• C operating condition (Aug. min 0 • 12,000 cfl).
o rl~ and v.ather condition••o Multi-level intakes.a DYR£SM model.o Eklutna Lake Study_
o Oaily r • • ervoir outflow t.mp~r.tur•••
o Downstream river temperature and tce studi•••o Environmental study and potential impact
.11I.s.ment.
Cyrv tf /E ~"',' 11. "'-f
I
I
I
The Reservoirll
a. PhysicAl Characterilticsi•• 1. Watana Relervoirl
(1) Dam he ight· 885 ft(2) At £1. 2185 ft. norm. max. operating leve l :
Surface are. • 38,000 acresTotal volume • 9.410,000 acre-ftReservoir length· 48 mile.Max. depth • 125 ft
Shoreline length· 183 mil••
a.2. Devil Canyon Reservoirl(1) Da~ height· 646 ft
(2 ) At £1. 1455 ft . norm • • • • • operating levellSurf.ce are. • 1.800 acre.
Total volu~ • 1 .090 .000 acre-ftReservo ir length· 26 ~ilel
Max. depth • 580 ft
Shorel ine length· 16 miles
Watana Operationl
(a ) Multi-level intake l
Four-level port. (6 units).(b) Mid-level outlet vorkl
Cone valve MIX. 0 • 24.0 0 0 cfl.(e) Spillway (gatodl.
Allow. surcharge to £1. 2193 .0.
Devil Canyon Operat ionl(a) Mult i-level intake I
Two-level porta (4 unita) .(b) Mid-level i nt ake I
Pa ••e. flow up to 38.500 ct. through cone valvel.(el Spillwoy (gatedl.
No lurcharoe conaidered.
I
I
•
Re.ervoir Operation:
1.Multi-level intake .tructur.'t(1) Watana • 4-level porta.
(2) Devil Canyon· 2-level port ••
()) Sinole level operation.(4) Port level ael.ctionl
Outflow temperature tollowa intlow temperature.(5) Submergence requirement.
2.watana Re.ervolr rillinol(1) FlllinQ criteria:
Ca) Down.tream flow requirement ••
(b) Safe flood .toraoe C2S0-yr flood).(e) Low level outlet max. 0 • 30,000 cf ••
(2) Simulation I
(a) Second year fillino.Cb) 1974 flow and weather condition••
C)) Fir.t year tillinOlCa ) 400 ft in S montha (May-Sept.).
Cb. expected outflow temperature.1SumMerl ave. inflow temp. (l--lS-C).Winter I 4-C.
(4) Second year fillingl
Cal additional 200 ft •(b) expected outflow temperature.1
Summer-ralll 4·C.Winterl l--]-C (with intak•• op.ating).
The DYRESM Model:
o Predicts the ave. reservoir thermal structure.
o Simulates the principal physical processesthrough parameterization••
o Major constants determined from experimentalor field data.
o Reservoir is divided into horizontal slabs vhichmove vertically.
o The basic time step is one day but can be reducedto as small as one quarter hour.
o Frazil ice input i ncorporated.o Snov-Ice model: tested and verified.
o Daily flow and meteorological data required.o Past applications:
(1) Wellington Reservoir (Australia).(2) Kootenay Lake (B.C., Canada).(3) Sabine Lake (S.C., Canada).(4) Char Lake (NW Territory, Canada).
Calibration and Verification of the DYRESM Model.
Eklutna Lake Study.(1) Eklutna Lakes
o 30 mil•• NE of Anchorage.
o 6.5 ailes Ion;.o 180 feet d.ep.
(2) Field data Cslnce May 1982).
o Flow and veather data (daily).
o Outflow (poverhou.e). daily 0 and temp.o Reservoir temperature profiles.
Summer-Fall. tvice a month.Winter-Spring. once a month.
(3) Study period. June 1982 to May 1983.(4) DYRESM Model enhanced.(5) The outflow temperatures are simulated
vithin =l·C.(6) Satisfactorily duplicated the general re••rvoir
hydrothermal behavior••(7) The study viII be continued.
(8) No further -odel enhancements expected.
( 9 ) Applicable to th~ South Central Alaskanreservoir••
The DYRESM mOdel enhancements.(1) Long vave atmospheric rad iation formulas.
(2) Outflow dynamics.o Intake structure - ;eometry and intake levels.
o Bathymetic and approach conditions n.ar the
intake atructure.
(3) Vapor pressure data development.(4) Wind forcing effect (treated aw an equivalent
d••pening of epillmnion).
The DYRESM model enhancem.nts:(1) Long wave at~ospheric radi ation formulas.
(2) Out f l ow dynamics :o In t ake s t ruc ture - geome try a nd intake levels .o Bathymet ic and approach condit i ons near the
intake structure.
()) Vapor pres.ur~ data development .( 4 ) Wind forci~ effect (treated aw an equivalent
de.pening of epil i~"ion).
Status of Production runs,
~l/tlobf..",. .../, tMt."./D,C. 2f'J l' "''' ,....,.
r.w J ,It :_,,."..,.. ·"'1
e-.J. I,.... "" IDOl 1••Z 1.1D 'Nd.,..J (..,...- (".t._II." ) ,.f' . } ,,,,.)
....'"'·,..11" I ," " .- ,
"( " ..,
,.."'II·,,,..,"'J • , v " .-~/fl'· 1f.,,,,,
, ," " (,ff. J
"",""·H.y1f1j • ," " v
~"". ''''''''1,
" '"
----
. .•
Ty p i Ca l w inft r'
t~ iII?p . d lS t'.
I r; yp. l ~ ~)
---[---- --
--~---,-,
-,,t91n. __
~I-t"-;:~a:-.c-...,.•~f--t-'-.......
.... \........ ~~.. .,......
~r:~.t!lw.'•.....-1
....-
••
•
•
...-
-
-....~U"I&'-19M
--_.~ ...&L. ••
Temp. , · eI 2 J
- - , -.+,II,-- - - - - - - ,,-,,,
Il ,,
o
I
I
I
I"CliO! T"IU
' fII ' U ' IAII CO!tI " OL 1T.\&tUl!I
I.ATAN'
.-oW[R INTAKE
I- ---- --
II
70IIII 60
II
I -(/)I a:: 50wI 0-
W
I I:~
I 1:I 0 40
I0-
0-
I0CD
I w30I >
0
I CD-c
I 0-
j :I:0 20
I wI :I:
I10
I
I 0
I-c I .J,! 0 0-
0 L,...J
tY' '' 1"0 ..-1~o ../'
£,p !/.>:1•
] Il/ ~ e IJ e
,/ )! "
e,
~)
e ~
e / "e
4 5 6 789TE~PERAT URE
10 1 I(CE LC IUS)
12 13 • •, ..
LEG ENO '
- _.o
AUGUST I I . 1982 - MEASUREOAUGUS T II. 1982 - PREO I CTEOSEP TEMBER 9 . 1982 - MEAS UREOSEPTEMBER 9. 1982 - PREO ICTEOSEPTEMBER 21 . 1982 - MEASUREOSEPTEMBER 21. 1982 - PREOICTEO
( KLUTH" L AKE
DeSERVE D AN D rREDICTEOTEMPERA l URE PROF ILE S
"ARIA-[IASCO JOINr V [Nr U~[
........ IU ... ,
•I
i i: I
II i _
I I I II ' ; I. ,,
\ 1 \ :...of-. ~-
~,
I I
IIII
I I •
, I
I
I ;I
I i I ;IIIIIII
II
I IIIII II :I I .
IuI . '
; I I-i,I
II I _: I I! I !I I I, I 1_
: I
, I
! I I
(WI' 3JI
o 0
'"
, I I
\ .,,'-
I f---''---i-+-+II,,I
II I----,.--'----:--t
I ~-:--;--+I,
I f--'--+--+-+
II
I
I
•
- I I-t •0 I ; !
I o 't~ I I.., 'w- : ;
II!:.') It-~+ I?
I ~i~ ;- .0
0 i :-, t I• : ; ~ .. • 0
i ! I Ii 'rj( III '" ,I I I - l ~ ~ : i
I<
i ,wi" I: · ;I ,i I0
I I '. ~ I- • i
• !I I III•! I 0
I I I II..,,
I I I I0
I0
I IIi I I "' -0 :"' 0 -,I ,
'", • e,•I , : 0<
IrI I-I I Ii I I I,
I It..,,a>
0 - 000 ,
I II I I II.., -
I ( I I,
II I -,
I j I I i I 11 11 III ! II"' ::
I u
I '"... I <- I:
~ I r IIII
I I i-
I I I -i !I I I ; II IIIi IIII I II,
II, 0
00 -: 0
I-'"
I II I ! I i I I I I ~<
i j ::>
'".,00 -
I•
I- I! II II I IIII I: I~,
iI :>
\..,
I I I I I I II ,, 0 - I ..--'. I:", ,,,
< ililiiI I: ::>,'i... z t o - - - -I ! : 0 < I . ----5··· ..: - ., .. ----I ,
I I I I, -- ..... I , . ~
I
I I~ i..-.....
I . ; ........... • - w.~).11.I II ~:: .
.., -I: ::s:I :,1
I I I IJ! I.ii.i.I ~... ----•... I -.- % -~=::::t==
I ~ I II II I I I I"' ~ 1. ..- - - -
I " '" ·1·····I:"~ oo I~~nuI , _ u_
I) I I III >1-:;: I'~rrrr
I ,I,
iI- I ••••
- 0 0 '" 0 • I'" - - '" 0 ~ I
' " ' - 3J I~
(J) - 3bnl V. 3d" 31 ": -, :"0
~
II~ .'"I....... I~'_I -I I
I llll~< .. 1l 1O"UD-AJ'S ~e ~ ~ • ~ I ;; ..~
> ~
"' 3 I:ll - I
I i\.~ + I i III ~ ~ I
~ "" ~e ~ ~ I .
I~ ~L~ 6!
I I ~ I ! \l
iII~
I ~ i Ii i IIIf' tte I' e
• •
~ ~ '>I~ I-
~
~ ~" "•I~
•I~
1<-§
I ~ ~§
~~- ~• -•~
•I-~ ~•
I ~s, lit•
~
~~
~,
I-=~
~~ ~
WI~ ~~:- I>.
~l F r-c 1:~"-
~· ~ !<too I: io 1';;:-- • • • It ! ••11AO:J CI'IrQ ..._- ---el 1~1.1~
Ie:!: - I" ) • ~ I~~~_~ ·EMD!q~ .~ • t e l ~
' =L !• • • • ~ ; •- - • • • ! • •I ~ ~ ~
!
'I - I
I i ~
~ I :li P •i ~ .... I.oi
~ I, · u 0 •I i O ~ r ; II ~
i_ -Q~
I i · ~ i,, --• i a I~ ~
l I I
I••
I •
\ I I ~
,I
\,
I I I I •e,r\ . ,
I I, ,,I)
§I I, ! - ---
I:IIK a ll ll
· - ....-.I-- ~ • ~i::~ i
~---- ,.,II . · ... .. ... ... J: ~
~., . . ..
</ ... ... ... ... 11I
~:,
~.y: •• § .!~~--
~;;;;2 rl:=
i ~~u:,! I. I ,. ~ ~ , Q (h. -,
~--- - ..
i ~1 • ,ai;i~~". ..,.. ,..
. ,' ~I' i
~ i........ ....::l': .:l.j :
1°11 .t- .. .. .. .. ~':.I" .1 .
,
~lII aa ll.=a
~.. - ..~ .III
~ ~, m~)·.. ... Cl ...... ..... .... . ~ a- .I ... .I.1q!I
. . •~ - r ....... .. ...
,~ , ~~ ~m~~
/ / T '. I s~ U'W.i · It nH~-
. l 7 ~~~~~~v . . . · , - .........~
,~s ,
~ • , 0 - '''J'' • • • s,
• ~ ~ . 1_I ,I • 0 , -$' t t ~
, ,1 ~ 1 J - 3: 1 ... - ... -
!i I ~ I • ]~!~~ Ja"]l MC'~l~a. ,
ICE - If,.'1 q lII! q_ _ 0 a
1\
1\1'-
10101
auTF~OW T[~aT~ _ l e 1
! •
" . . - ..."
": -..
•
§
ICE • ern ~
~ I::1.JTF1,.Q.I TE!"!PERlHIoR - le I - h r.-• • • • • ~ ~ !- - • • • • 0I O ~ _
I
I~ .~i3 ~
II :lj ~15
~ •i Il'w~ I
~u i •C~r II ~i _ - ~
i I, i ~
~, il Irt 2
•••
1\~
1\ y
~
1\§
.---11111111
· ....-.~ I
mii •}- I
rw • --- -_t:- - • ~~~~lId- - g ....... ... 31- •• -.~~ -- .- -- - • ; ; ~:::-~ • :r~u: '
-~~' . - - •-.
~, !:!:_ ~!:!:.. ;
-- . :, ;;:i ;~~- ,. .,..
· ! :m1.ii~ ~~~ Q".
~~ Cl Il ClI II;:a· · _ .... . 11, ·~ ~, ~m~a.
· · - I ~~ ~~~'.R. ·i ... · I- ~· : i ~. H~~~~-· .
- . · · lS~ Un-· . l u ~m~i.i. -e- . .r:- 0 .: .;",;.....
0
~0
8 , • , - ... .. , . " I~
0 ~~ • - 0 -. _.- q • • 0 0
~;$i;; . 0
I N I I - '3" ~I~'i '" • 3~.L tllll] dW) .L rUl:uno
Ia. • I"l • ~ dOUTFL~ TE"PERQTURE • CCJ •, ~~%-• • • • ~ • • ~ !i I- - • • •I ~ U
~ .
/ I i !i I- .I i fi~ ,", ~ I
I . -ui ..~ ~ -; u~~
i I~ t .J ~··arl h i
i!
I I
I II
I - !-I --
I i ..• ~~- !! ¥I I •!
_:: I, .. .. i&, ; "".R f~::
--Ii'"5 -3
A ,II...--...---• ~~iii• q J:l
5i•
~ 5- ,~ -;:a-..
\ ~ ~ ~~ ~~a:~ ~i "":R
I a ~. n~~1"5 n'Ki~ ~~~&
I · . - ......I
•8 , .. ..... • .... " ! a • 8•-. W1 . ~r • • : i
(Nil· 'DI 1~ l!liI ( :u • JtI'1J.tllil]dW31 r'U1 41no
I
•
ICE - I" ) • • w I<1JT ~LOW TE~~~~T~ - Ie ) •I~~.
~-• • • • " • 0 2 ; !- - 0 0 •i I ~U ! I
I •i i5~ w ~ I
•• u i •·~e- II I h;~~ i I,~.
~- >il IIi I ~
•--~
u I•~•§I --i ..
• ! J~• i J! •~
:~-~. ~~ct. . • .. ...... .. • •• i ~~~:· ·· - -Ii'". ~ 6 -~· · . 66._,~ ! , --.....••· · -
:!i~> q J. ;
~~~~.~
u;:-a. · -..• · S~, wwj., ··
II·- ~ ~i :::i. . ~ g ~. h~~. ·.
I "~ U·I I!- . ·· · i r~ !!~ii
.i· ·I . ., . - , - .....
~,- ...... " • ~S , N -. • ~ •• - 0 iii,.. '! • 0
i•IN I I - 3:.)1 i:Bf !,. I J) - Jyn!~~)aW31 HC'~lno ·.,
PRE-PROJ ECT WITH-P ROJECT
,/ I -:<, ./ r-, ./
OBS ERV ED OR STATISTI CA LLY I DY RE~M SUPP LI ED WATANAFILLED WATANA DAM SITE (OR EVIL CANYON) RELEAS ETEMP ERATURES AND FLOWS TEMP ERATUR ES AND FLOWS
I,
--.,
BASIN~
,.--.-/
BASItl 1---'"SNTEMP --JiYDRO LOGY SNTEi1P
"'-..~~AS IN<,
METEOROLO~
VALIDATI ON RUNS& STATISTICS
BASE LI NEDOWNSTREAMTEMPERATURE S
WATANA FILLING
WATANA ON LI NE
DEVI L CAN YONON LINE
-N----
o•w' zQ e" =o c0 =" ,- ~c cu>: 1.:.1
WQ
s•;;
/' z~
2~•uc~
Ja0-.~
z0
•c ,-Q
~
Z
W0
~~
•./' c~
w
=e•0
'0 "·'- -- .. " " . , ,,',. \ \ ;-..
Stream r.etwork f rom Wa tana t o Suns hi ne .
WA,ANA DAM SITE
18 4 . 4
TSUSENA H r ------<::D181. 3
17 6 . 21 J \.------"--0 FOG
DEV I L
POR TAGE
15 4. 6
Hr--_-h
16 1. 3
148.8
H CHI NCHEE
138.6jH)-----cbINDIAN
WHI SKERS
CHULITNA
H.r---____
H)- _101.4
98. 6
H re f ers to tributary he ad wat ers as def i ned i n thestrea m network
J refers t o tributa~'
j unc t ion ~ i th t he mains t em
Numbers refer t o Rive r ~ i l e
as in terpola ted from R&}!Rive r ~i1 e Index ( 198 1) .
TRAPPER +- - - - - - ---0 TALKEETNA97.2 J
0--_-<D 9 1. 2
ISUNS HIN E
RM 83.8
--- - - -
STRE~l lEMPERATURE SI MULATIO~ STATISTICS
1981 1982 1983 81-83
DATA VALUES · q9 67 m 2QO
AVERAGE BIAS (c) - 0.2 0.0 0.0 - 0.1
STANDARD ERROR (c) 0.8 n.5 0.5 0.5
~~X OVERPREDICTION(c) 1.7 1.3 1.9 1.9
MAX UNDERPREDICTION (c) 2. 0 1.1 0.9 2.0
90%OF PRED ICTIONS WILL BE WITHI N - 1.0 CTO 0.8 COF ACTUAL VALUES
PRE- AND WITH-PROJECT STREAM TEMPERATURES( TALKEETNA STATION, RM 103),.
--- NATU~AL CQo\lOITlONS, - WATANA OAM, 19960EMANO12 :r\ ;"o<, ", "'0-1 I,
U f";, ''" , .a: , ,::> , , r!;; , ,... , Ia: , , , rur \ : , ,Q.
" 6 ", I
'" ", I.... I , ,,I
4,,I,I
•2 ,III,
0" J J • S 0 N D J F " •
1982 19'303TIME
I WITH- PROJECT STREAM TEMPERATURE INCREASE( TALKEETNA STATION, RM ;03)
u 6
2
4
-2
'"uzll!'"i::5
ll!::>!;;is 0+ - - - -f't- - --1'-- ---- - - --- - - f-Q.
"'"....
" J J 4 S
19 82
o N D J F •
19 83
A
TIME
PRE- AND WITH- PROJECT STREAM TEMPERATURES( SUNSHINE STATION, RM 84)
14
12
...- . . .. NATURAL CONDITIONS_ WATANA DAM, 199 6 DEMAND
10
U
...<r ,:::>Ii<r.....'"... \... \
\,4 ,,,
I
\a \
\I
\\
0
" J J A 5 0 • 0 J F " A
1982 1983TIME
I
Iu-...UZ...<r.......u,
• is
...II::::>IiII:.....'"......
WITH-PROJECT STREAM TEMPERATURE INCREASE(SUNSHINE STATION , RM 84)
•
4
,
Ol+------;:~L------------:...L
-,
1 A I St982
o • I o I JF I M..'" I A
TIME
- - MIDDLE S(J5ITNARIVER-ISOTHERMS
WY 1982 (NATURAL CONDITION )
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 4 0 4 1 4 2 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 5 2, , , , , , ,
80 R5 5 5 II 5 7 5
'70
6 8 10 10 6
160- .:8
100- / 8
- II
40
-.,
130- 5 1
"IZO
r>: V
-11 0- \
8 106
I8 10 12
\-\ I7 , II 7 6
~ I II II "12 I \ ,
MAY JUN Jue AUG ,E.90
WATANA
CHULITNA
(/)UJ...J::I: GOLD
CREEK'
'"UJ>a:
TIME
MIUUl:t. :>U:511 NA"1'(IVI:.I{~ I:;UTHI:.RMS
WY 1982 (1996 DEMAND)
31 32 33 34 35
5
>2
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER - ISOTHERMS
WY 1983 (NATURAL CONDITION)
2 3 4 , 6 1 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 l!l 16 11 18 19 20 21 Z2 Z' 2 4 2' 26 Z1 ze 2' so 'I
rAHA \'80
I 2
170 \. \,10- 0
40
I 2
\I 33
''''
'Ae>-6
I 0
_/1---------;
'j'l'D: 6
tEEM
''''-
IZO- I"ICE
1111 ,110
2
7.IOC>- ss,-;;;a.
0<1 NOV ot:t JAN fE8 WAR APR80
Gt
WA
en...:!::I
CI:...>iE
t NUl.
I IMt;
MIDDLE SUSITNA RIVER- ISOTHERMS
WY 19 83 ( 1996 DEMAND)
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2' 26 27 28 a ~ 512 3 .. 5 f. 1 e 9 10 I I u- 13 14I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l
trr: 'I J t I ,
170
WATANA'I!
IBO
16°~ + 1 1 1 I I I / I\ I ~ , \ I / I ! 2
125 315°1 / 1 " I I I I
" II \ \ I \ 11 I I , 2
(f)W...J~ 140
GOL D'I I V I n l ll l i ll / Il I ~ I I I ICREEKI , I I " 3
13O
~'2j I i III I / \ V\J \\ II It",h~ \I I 1I ' , i ' i ,! , :\ i '~ \ I I I i(110 -1 I 1111_ I / , / I t imi'·1\·:",tfJ,'!!i\!ii,i!j,i:\li,!':'lii\,,\:':'t' !/,lii\!:\\i\",,:\,I\\:\:\ilii'l\\ I 1/\ I 15
3
""l l l~~II yV I F "'1" \1 r \
y :im,.:. . ~,,;.
" 'i"" . ;,,;, "
NOV OEC JAN FEB MAR APO9O
TIME
®
•11 11 • I
~ ,'( , '\'j,, I ,1/I ~ II ;
, ".J-. ~¢---... ------- "-~----- ....- ....-.-,..-~,.. .. ---::. -~ ---.-- -- t
I , -
~
u0 s~.,'-::J 7-0'-
'" 5a.E.,
f- J
l .
-, -
/11\I
-,"Iv} \\~
- ~-®
SL OUGH II<0 l'.....
L
30 ""a-•
DISCHARGE I I 2 0 ,---- - - ,
•INT RAGRAVEL I r i O l
.s••
SURFACE \lATER I l- e -c-- - - - --- -- - - -
SEP OCT1982
NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY1983
Do lo
JUN
-UPPER SLOUGH 21
_aVI'-u
11 r3 0 61\2 0 "I DISCHA RG E
",J\ ) \ \0--- - -- 0>~
<.:« I NTRA GRA VEL 10 0Lu
® •SURFACE \lATER --
0 Cl
I~ -- - - - - - - - ... ... -
,
!©
~.-'", ",'. ,.•
1, ...... \ . ' ~ l ~/I• .' , "I' t \ " \ , \' ' I ' tl \ , , '"' ,
• " " \ , / " , ,." \ I I I ,. \ " \.. I , ,"
\ -.. "
•I , I •
.. \ ' ,•
- I
I I
~
Ua 9~-
'"~:J 7 --0~
Q)5a.
EQ)
3 -I-
SEP OCT198 2
NOV DEC J AN FE B MAR APR MAY1983
Dole
JUN
® Di scncrqe dolo ne t ovo itobte c l rer October 19 .
® Slough br eoc hed i n Seo t em ber 19 6 2 .
© Sto uc b breach ed dur in q br e a k u p ,
MOUTH SLOUGH SA' 0 V)
... ,u
1-3 0 ...,a-x
DIS CHARGE I I 20 0
- - - --- C1,IN TRAGRAV EL I r i O a
s:u
"SURFACE \lA TER I ~ O-a- - --- - - - -- - - -
'.I
-'."-- '---t
\ ~®
,,' \~ ~ l \...;-"'""", ,,,
I. t'- I ~. .• ,.. .. , I •
1\ \ I I •
"\
ll~\.. ~
/\1\I \
\ I \: J\r' \~_ ~_®,,,
III
•" ,I I I
- "1 ,1
I
-I
I I .
~
U0 9 .~
'"'-::J )--0'-
" 5 .0.
E'" 3>-
I
JUNAPR MAYNOVOC TSEP1982
DE C JAN FEB MAR19 83
Dol o@ Ol l c horg l dolo net available ofter October 19.
® Su rfac. and inlrogron l temperatura art the laml .
(C) In 'rogrow,1 probe •• y.red by le i moyemln, a long bonk.
SLOUGH 2 1
. 0 0
FEBNO VOC T
/ SLOUGH I I
//
//
/' ----_----- -.,,- - /..f- --- --- -- - \
/' SLO UGH 8A.
//
/./
/'/
//'
/'~
~~
/ /
//
//
//
//
/I
II
II
I/
//
//
II
I
AUG0' / yI I I I I I I I I
70 0
10 0
'"....Z 600::>
'"<r::> "'0...."<r
'"Q.::f 40 0
'"....o'".... 30 0<tJ::>:l!=' 2"' ;:>UU<t
M ON T H
•
Fi gure 3- 18 . Acc uuu l a t ed t emperature units f or i nt r agra ve l wate r at three s loughs . winter1982 -l 9G3 . For both Sl ough 8A and Sl ough 21 , t he va lu es were i nt er pol a t edusi ng da t a f ro m t wo different Da tapod r ecorders i n th ese s l oughs . Because aequi puu -i t loss or malfunc ti on, a co nt i nuous r ecord f or any one of t heser ec orders wa s not obt a i ne d .
FlJ; Ufl!' . Ob'l!'fVI!'~ tl!'~ pl!' f~tUfl!' f ~n gl!' s f Of va f l ous I l fl!' ' t a gI!" o f Paci fic ,~ l =on .-n....,pERATURE: RA:>CE · C
SPECIES LIfE SOIl.a: LOCATtOY HI CiUtION SPA\o'm:>C tSCl"UtIO:- R.EARI~C
o r flSH STAGE
"'0. Adu I t Be ll 1<1 13 8 .)- 21 . 0 7. 2-12 . 8aeu 198 3 1. S,\DF&G 19 80 Kuskok..,t r.l ~ .0 - 12 . 8
Tf l bu t.'If l l!'M~tt son ~ Hob~ft 1962 Southl!'ut AK 10 . 10'19 . 10M<: l'i l!' 11 ~ Bollh y 1975 Sou theu t AX 7 . 0-1) . 0
IoI n , en 11181 Kodhil. Is. 6. 5- 12 . 5~uYl! 19 66 sr t e • Cal. 10 . 0-16 . 0Rukh l oY 1969 S~kha ltn . 1,lSSR 1. 8- 8 . 2Hl!ff t tt ~ ~ymond ~oat~k R, AX 2.S
198)
ADF&e 19810 Su, t tn~ R, AX 5 . 6- 15 .5 1o . 5- lJ . 2
J uvent ie Tu sky 19 710 Sa l cha R, AK 5 . 0 - 7.0Sano 1966 Bohh~ l a R, 6 . 0-10.0
USSR
ae u 1973 6 .7- lJ.5 11. 2- 15 . 7HC~l!t1 60 B3I lI!'Y 197 5 Southust AK 10 . 10 - 15 . 7\.Ilhon 19 79 KOdi a k Is . 5 . 0-7. 0
Raymond 19 81 Dl! l ta R, AK ). 0- 5 . 5
Ml!'rrl t t 60 R~ymon d Noa tak R, AX 5. 0 - 12 . 0l'? S)
AD F&G 19810 Su,t tna R. AX 10 .2-110.5 1. ] - 16 . 2
[ gg /Al ev ln e-n 19 71 10 .10 - 1) . )
Hcl'leB 19f6 Sou t hp.ls t AK o - 15. 0Merr t t t &~.y.ond Noa t ak '. AK 0.1- 9.0
198)
SallO 1966 J apan ,Mc Nl!' ll 60 BaB ey 197 5 Sou t heast AX UKOltt 1965 Chen a R, AK 0 .5- :' . 5Fu nc l sc o 1977 De l t a R, AK 0 . 4 -&. 7R~YIlIOnd 198 1 C1e~ r , AK 2.0 -10.5ADFt.e 198 ) Sus t t na R. AK o _1. 10
l.'u nll;a r d & llUflte f 1.<b , 0. 5' 8. 019S)
Cot.o Adu l t Bell 197) 7.2 - 15 . 6 4 . 10- 9 . 5Bell 198 ) ,HcNe t1 "" bttty 1975 Southeast AK 7 .0-1) . 0 )KcMahon 198 ]
,5'1 11 5- 11 2- 17 .s-n. ,
\.I a ll l S as ) AnchOf R. AK 2 -1~ .7 -1 1o
,\DFlaG t Q~ 1o Sus t tn;! R, AX 5 . 8 '15.5
Haure . (Cont l nue4) Observ.4 t~.perature raneel lor varioul 11[e I taKel of Pnclfl c sal lJ1On .-TEMPERAt1JRt RANCE ·C
SPECIES LIrE SOOllCE LOCATI ON m ClUTION SPAI~ INC. : f;CliBAI10N REARINGOF FISK STAet
Coh. Juvenile Ce4ertl01lll 6. Scarle t \'"uhlnlton St . •(cont) 1982
Busur4 6. Mar ve r V eee uve r h ., 1
19n Brit . Col.Bell 1973 7.0-16.5 U .8414 .6HcMel l 6. Bail ey 1975 Southea s t A' )
4 . 44U .7 )P"oCH~hon l UI) 10 -16 . 6-124
4- n ,7-U\iall h 198) Anchor R. All: 2- lS . 7- 14
"1I1t lllCu 1919 Caribou L, AX U-U.5Seldovia L.AII: 3.0- 5 .7
ADF50G 1984 Sust tna R, AX. 4. 2- 14 .S
Egg/Al evln Bell l'H3 10 . 4-13 .3 3McMahon 1<;183 4-14 ,4-10
IBe ll l'il13 7. 2-15 .6 7.2 -12 . 8Pink Adul tBell 1983 USSR •Hc~ell 6. Bailey Sout h.al! 7.0-13
I l C1 7S AlaskaShe rld3n 1962 Southealt AK 7.2-18.4HcNell e r al 1964 Southeas t AK 10 .0-1 3.0
I ADF,Ij,G 1984 SU!litnll R, AX 7. S- U . S s.o-n.o
Juvenil e sen 1913 5 . 6- 11, . 6HeNeil 6. aal1ey 1975 Southeas t .u: 4 . 4-15 . 7Wilson 1919 Kod iak h . 5. 047 . 0Wickett 1962 Brit . Col . 4 . 0- 5. 0ADF&G 198/0 Sust t na R. A.~ 4 .4:-14.5
EII/Al evln Bell 1973 4 .4-13 .3!ailey 6. [vans 1911 Sout heatt A' •••eo.bl 6. !urrovs 1957 l>b. 0.S-5 . S~Ne l 1 et 11. 19~ Sout heas t A' 1 .0-S . 0Codln 1980 l>b . 3.4-lS .0
Sockeye Adult Bell 1973 7. 2 ' 15 .6 10.6-12 .2een 198 3 ,..HcNe 11 6. Bai ley 1915 Sout hf'l s t AK 7.0-13.0Nelson U B) Sout heast AK 15 .3-14. 3ADFloC 198 4 Susl t n. It. AI( S.8 4U .S 4.'· 7. 6
Flcur! _ (Cont i nued) Ob served t e-per3ture ranles fo r varioul I 1f. sta les of P3c{f i c sll.~ .
SPECIESOF FISH
LIrESTACE
SOURCE LOCATION HICRAIIOJol SPAWN INC IJoICUflATlOJol ROR IJoI C
I
Sockeye J uveni l e(contl
KeCut 1961b: l dlh 1911Bell 191]
McNeil &Bailey 191~
Fr ied & L3ner 1981Buchu 1981Hartman e t al. 1961FlaRI 1983ADF&C 1984
Brit . Col.......Sout healt lor:Brts .hy, I¥. 10.0· 7 .0Brl l . BI Y, AX 10 . 4-17. 8Alas lta·w ldl 10 .5 · 10 .0Ku Uo r _,AX 6. 7 · 110. 4SUli tna R. JS. 10 . 2·14 .0
11.2·14.64.4·15.7
I
I
[gg/Alev ln Se l l 1913Coabl 1965ADF60C lq81~aangard &Bur ger1983
......SUlttna R• .u::......
10 .10· 13 . 3 210 . 5' 110•• 3.1.5
1.9· ' . 101.0·6.5
IChinook Adul t
J uv..nl l e
Se ll 191 3Bell 198 1HcNei l & Brl 1ey 1975\l'd1 1l 1983.enG 1984
hlfll'O"d 1979Bell 191]~cNe l l &8alley 1975A[IDe 1982
\1'3111 ' 1983ADF&G 1984
3. 3· 13.94
Southeal t AK 4Anchor R,AK 2·110 . 5- 10Susitna R. AK 6.6·15.6
Col U111b la It 7
Sout heas t AX:
Southc ent..u: 10 .5 4
Anchor R, 10K 6·16.8·16Susl tna R, AX 10 .2·14 .5
5.6· lJ .9
7.0· 13.0
1.8-10.9
7.3·14.6
[ gg/Allvln 8ell 1913COIIbl 1965Alderd i ce & Ve l len19 78
...... 5.0.14210
l.52.5·16.0
Not.: 2S1ngle t eeperat ure val ue, are lower obse rvl"d th reshol d, .3After .gC ' had devl l o~d t o th e 12S' cel1 or ear l y bl as t ul a I t 3ge I t 5.5 · C4Opt 111l\llll u nae
Pe3k "Iara tlon r3nlte
Combs. B.D. 1965. Effects of temperature on the development of salmon eggs.Prog. Fish. Cult. 27: 134-37.
CClmbs, B.D•• and R.E. Burrows . 1957. Threshold temperatures for the normaldevelopment of chinook salmon eggs. Progressive Fish-Culturist. Vol . 19.No. I. p , 3-6 .
Bustard. D.R. and D.W. xarver , 1975 . Aspects of water ecology of juvenilecoho salmon (Oncorhynchus ki sutch) and steelhead trout (Sa11:l0 gairdneri).Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Vol. 32(5): 667-680.
Bailey, J .E .. and D.R. Evans. 1971. The loti-temperature threshold for pinksa lmon eggs in rel ation to a proposed hydroelectric installation. Fish.Bull. 69(3)587-93.
1982.Lake
AX.
ecve wi t hi n
Alaska 1981.Data Report.
salmon1983.
of8.
speciesJanuary
REFERENCES
1983. Susitna hydro aquatic studies, phase 2aquatic studies (October. 1982-Hay, 1983).
Pover Authority. Susitna Hydro Aquatic Studies.Susitna Joint Venture. 137 pp .
Lotler temperatures at tlhichMemorandum to L. Moulton .
Fisheries Handbook of Engineering geqat reeent s and Biological(Revised 1980). Prepared for Fisheries Engineerin~ Research
Corps of Engineers . North Pacific Division. Portland. OR.
1983 .systems .
Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game.data report . WinterAnchorage . AX. AlaskaReport for Harza-Ebasco
Alaska. Volv o. Arctic Environmental Information and Data Center .Summary of environmenta l knowledge of the proposed Gr anthydroelectric project area. Alaska Power Authority . Anchorage.Report for Ebasco Services. 212 pp .
Bell. M.C.river
Bucher. W. 1981. 1980 ~ood River sockeye ~almon smo l t studies . pp. 28- 34 i n1980 Bristol Bay Sockeye Studi es . C.P. Meacham (ed .). Alaska Dept. ofFi sh and Callie, Div . of Commer c i a l Fi sheries . Anchorage. AX.
Alderdice. n.r.• and F.P.J. Velsen . 1978 . Relation between temperature andincubation time for eggs of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) .Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Vol . 35(1) :69-75.
Fla~g. L.8. 1983. Sockeye s a l mon smolt studies Kasilof River.Alaska Dept. of Fish & Came. FRF"l Division. Technicall\o. 11. Juneau. AX. 31 pp.
Cederholm. C.J •• and "'.J. Scarlett. 1982. Seasonal immigrations of juvenilesamonids into four small tributaries of the Clearwater River. Washington1971-1981. p , 98-100 in Proceedings of the Salmon and Trout MigratoryBehavior Sympos ium. t.L . Brannon and t.O. Salo (eds.). School ofFi sheries. Vniv . of Wash i ngt on . Seattle. VA.
1973.-Ct'itet'ia
Program.
IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
Fried. S.M . • and J .J. Laner. 1981. 1980 Snake River sockeye salmo n smoltstudied. pp. 34-45 in 1980 Bristol Bay Sockeye Studies. In C.P . Me acham(ed.) . Alaska Dept . of Fish and Game. Div. of Commercial Fis heries ,Anchorage. AX.
Francisco, K. 1977. Se cond interim r eport of the Ccmee rcLa I Fish-TechnicalEvaluation Study . J oint St a t e / Fed e ra l Fish and Wildlife Advi sory Team.Special Report. No.9. Anchorge. AK. 46 pp .
God i n . J.-G. 1980. Temporal aspect s of juvenile pinkgorbuscha) emergence from a s i mu l a t e d gravel redd.Zoology . Vol. 58. No.5, pp . 735-744.
s a lmon (Onc orhvnchusCan adian Jou r n a l of
Hale, S. 1981. Freshwater habitat r elationships chum s almon (Oncorhynchusketa). Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game. Habita t Division , Anchorage. AK.94 pp.
Haree an , W.L•• W.R. Heard , andsock eye s a l mon fry andVol . 24( 10 ):2069- 2099 .
B. Drucker.smolt s . J.
1967.Fish .
tii cr-atoryRes . Bd .
behavior ofof Cana da .
Kogel, D.R. 1965. Springs and g roundwate r asc hum salmon spawn in a s ub- a rc t i c s t re a m.Fairbanks . 59 pp.
factors a f [ e c t i n g s u rv i v a l ofM.S . Thesis, Univ . o f Alaska.
McMahon, T. E. 1983.Dept . Int •• Fish
Habitat s ui t a b i li ty index models:Wildlife Se rvice. FWS /OBS-82/10.49.
Coh o s a lmcn ,29 pp .
u.s.
xccare , P. 1967. Be.vav I o rRiver . J ournal o fVol 24:37 5-428 .
an d ecolog y of soc ke ye salmon frythe Fi sherIes Research Board
in the Babineof Ca na da .
McNeil. W.J.14-117streams.
1969. Survival of pink and chum salmon eggs andin T.G. Northcote (ed.). Symposium of salmon
Uni v . of British Columbia. Vancouver . 388 pp.
e Ievtns ,and trout
Pp.1n
~cNeil, W.J. and J.E . Bailey. 1975.Marine Fisheries Service. NOAA. Auke
Salmon Rancher' sBay, AK. 95 pp .
l'la nua l. National
McNeil, W.J., R. A. Wells, a nd D. C. Brickell. 1964. Disappearance of deadpink salmon eggs a nd Larvae from Sash i n Creek, Baranof Island. Alaska.U.S. Dept, Int •• Fish Wildlife Se rv i c e . Specia l Scientific Report Fisheries No . 485 . 13 pp ,
xat r scn , C. R•• and R.A . Hob ar t. 1962. Chum s a l mon s tud i es in southeasternAlaska. 1961. U. S. Fi sh a nd Wild l if e Se r v i c e . Bu r e a u o f CommercialFi sheries . ~anuscript Report 62- 5 . Auke Bay. 32 pp.
Merrill. T.R. 1962. Freshwate r s u rv i v a l o f pink s almon a t Sash ! n Creek . Pp.59-72 in Spmposium on Pink Sal mon. U.S . N.J. Wl1imov s ky (ed.). H.R.MacMillan Lectur~s i n Fi sheries, Vancouver. B.C.
Early l i fe h is t ory ofAl a ska Dept . o f Fish
Mer ri tt. H.F•• and J .It. Raymond . 1983 .the Noatak River and Kotzebue Sound .Division, No.1. J une.u. AX. 56 pp .
chum salmon i nand Came, FRED
Neave . F. 196 6 . Sal. on o f the North Pacif i c Ocean - Pa r t II I . It rev i ew oft he life h istor y of Nor t h Pacific salmon . 6. Chum salmon i n BritishColumb i a . International North Pacific Fisheries Commiss ion Bu lletin .So. 18. vencouve r , B.C .
Nelson. D. C. 1983 . Russ ian River sockeye salmon. Fede r alRes tora tion. Vo l. 24 . Spor t Fish Div . , Alas ka Dept. ofJ uneau, AX. Pr o ject AFS-44 . Annual Repo r t . 50 pp .
AidFish
in Fish& Came.
Ra le i~h . R. F. 1971 .natal grav els t o
Inna t e con t ro lrea ring a reas.
of migration o f sa lmon a ndEcology Vol. 52 : 291-297 .
trout fry from
Raymond . H. L. 1979 . Eff ect s of dams and i mpoundments on migrat i on s ofj uv enile chinook s a l mon and s tee lhead f r om the Snake Rive r. 1966 t o 1975.Trans. of t he Ame rican Fish Socie ty. Vol. 108 ( 6 ) : 50 5-529 .
Raymond, J . A. 1981. Incuba t i o n o f faU chum salmon (Onc oThync hus ketal atCl e a r Air For ce Station. Alaska. Alaska Dep t . of Fish and Came . FREDDivision. Juneau. AX. 25 pp ,
Sa na. S. 1966 . Salmon of t he ~o r t h Pacific Ocean - Par t III. Itthe life history of Nor th Pacific s ~lmon . Chum s~lmon i n theInterna tiona l ~or th Pacific Fi sheries Commission Bul l.Vancouve r . B.C . pp . 41-57 .
review ofFaT Eas t .~o. 18 .
She r i da n . W. L. 1962. Rela tion of s t ream temperat ur es t o timing of pinksa l mon escapements i n sout heas t Ah s ka. pp . 87-102 i n N.J . \l ll imovsky(ed .). Symposium on pink sa l mon . H.R. Hac Hi llan Lec t u r es in Fis her ies .1960. Unive rsi ty o f British Columbia . Vancouv e r . B.C .
Tr as ky. L.L. 1974. Yukon River a nadromou s fi sh i nvestigation s . J u l y19 73-June 1974. Al a s ka Dept. of Fi sh and Came. Divis i on o f COIrJlle rcia lFis he r ies . Ancho rage , AX.
Wal lis . J . , and D.T. Balland . 1983 . Ancho r Rive r s tee lhead inves tiga t i ons.Federal Aid in Fi sh Res tora t i on . Vol . 24 . Spo rt f ish Div •• Alaska Dept .of Fi s h & Came. Juneau . AX. Projec t AFS- 48 . Annua l Report. 44 pp •
....a ngaard. D.B •• and D.V . 8uq~er . 1983. Effec t s oC various wae e r t empe ra t u r eTegimes on t he e8R a nd alevin i nc uba t ion of Sushna Ri ve r chum a ndsockeye s a Iecn, National Fisher y Research Ce nte r . U. S . Fish an d YildlifeSe rv ice . Anchorage . AK. 4) pp ,
"""l t nore . D.C•• N.C . Dudiak . a nd J.Y. 're s eer , 1979. Coho enhanc ement on t heKenai Pen insula . Al aska Dept . o f Fish & Ca. e . FRED Div i s i on . Comple tionReport AFS-45- 1. Juneau, AK . 54 pp.
lli 15on . "'.J .. et _I. 1981. An assessme nt of envi r onmenta l effects ofconstruction and operation of t he pr oposed Terror Lake hydroelectricfacUity. Kodiak Island. Alaska . lns t ream fl ow s t udies . Final Repor t .Pr epa r ed f or Kodiak Electric Association . 419 pp .
llilson . W.J •• et al. 1979. An assessment of envi r onmental effects ofconstruction and operation of t he pr oposed Terror Lake Hydr oelectricFacili ty. Kodiak . AX. Arctic Environmental Information and Data Cent er .Un ivers i ty of Al as ka. Report fo r Kodiak Electr i c As soc iation . 334 pp .
I
I
t
Te r~ ino logy
Acclir.~tion - a phys io l og i ca l adap ta t i on t o natural or appl i ed env iron-
rncnt nl c ondi ti ons .
Incip i ent l e thal l eve l o r t cr.perature - uppe r and l~er t empera t ure
l evel ~he r e t e~per3 t ure i s beg inni ng t o have a l ethal
ef i ec t .
Pr e f er red or se lec ted t eo~e r3 t ur e - t he r ange of t empera t ur es i n ~hich
anir~ls congre~ate o r s pend the mos t t i me i n a f r ee
cho i ce s i tuat ion a nd i s som~ t imes cons ide r ed synonymous
Yi th opt imum.
Zone ~oler3 nc e - t hc roal zone i n ~h i ch f i sh can l i ve f ree from the
letha l effects o f tempera tu re .
-LE
20 . .
15 ... • • • • . • . .. . . .
10 . . • . . . . . . . . . ...
-UILT------CTM-
....... ... ... ...... .... .. .... . . .
25
Cl>-::l-~Cl>CoECl>fCl>InCoCoInCl>a:
.. . . . . . . . . . . . ..~~~~~ .
5
5 10 15 20 25
Acclimation Temperature
I
o Zone of Preference
D Tolerance Zone
elM - "Ctitical Thermal MaximumUILT - Upper Incip ient Lethal TemperatureLILT - Lower Incipient Lethal Temperature
LE - Line of Equality
IFig. Diagram showing temperature relations of salmon.
(Ada pted from Jobling 1981)
--
'"
:z u
Cl ~
:::E: ~---! is ~
<I: ~ e~
UJ " '" -M ~~
:::E:~
~~ -:::::J z:r: -LJ
~ ::;W%
'"~~
0'~~
~~~
~
'" '" ~ N ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ 0 - ~
~ $ 0
'" - ~
'"~ 0 - ~
~ - 0 a - ~ -~ •Sl '" %~
M Z M ~ - • ~
'" ~ '" ~ '" ~ 0~ Z ~ ~ -- - - ~
0cI 2O
Oct 10
SpowninqDale
CHUM SALM ON NOMAGRAPH
f ( C I
1.0
EmergenceDale
June 10
June I
15 Moy20
July 2.0 Moyl0
2.0
Aug IMay l
2.5
AuglOApr il 20
3 0
A"'l 20 3.5April 10
40 April r
Sept I4.5
Stpt 10 5.0 March20
5.5
Sept20 6.0 March 10
6.57.0 March J
Ott I
oeuoFeb 20
FeblO
Feb l
Jon 20
Jan 10
Jan l
P RELI~INARY SAL~O~ TOLEP~~CE CRITERI A FOR SUS IT~A RIVER DRAISAG E
TEXPERATl'RE ·C
SP ECI ES
Chum
Sockeye
Pi nk
Chinook
Coho
LIFE PHASE TOLERAN CE PREFERRED
Adul t Mi gra t ion 1. 5- 21. 0 6. 0- 13. 0Spawning
1 1. 0-1 6. 0 6. 0- 13. 0Incubat i on 0- 10 . 0 2. 0- 8.0Re a r Ln g 1. 5- 16.0 5. 0- 15.0Srac Lt Mi~ra t ion 3. 0-13 .0 5. 0-10.0
Adu 1t ~ igra tion 2.5-16 .0 6 . 0-1 2 . 0spavntng 1 4 .0- 14.0 6. 0-12 .0Incubat i on 2 .0- 14.0 4 . 5- 8.0Rearing 4 .0- 16.0 7. 0- 14. 0Smol t MlIz ra t ion 4 .0- 18.0 5.0- 10.0
Adult m gra t i on 5.0-18 .0 7. 0-13 .0Spawni ng
1 7. 0-1 8.0 8 .0- 13. 0Incuba t i on 0-1 3. 0 4 .0- 10.0Smo l t Mi gra t ion 4.0- 13.0 5. 0- 10. 0
Ad ult Migrat ion 2.0- 16.0 7. 0-13.0Spawning 1 5.0- 14.0 7.0-12.0Incubat i on 1. 5-16 . 0 4 . 0-12 .0Rearing 4 .0- 16.0 7. 0- 14. 0Sr::o l t Migra tion 4. 0-16 . 0 7. 0-14 .0
Adult Migra t ion 2 . 0- 19.0 6.0- 11. 0Spawni ng 1 2.0- 17.0 6.0- 13.0In cubation 0-14 . 0 4 .0-10 .0liear i ng 4 . 0-21. 0 7.0- \5.0Soo l t Mi gration 2.0-16 . 0 6. 0- 12.0
1Emb ryo i ncubation rat e i ncreases as t e~ p erature rises . Accumulatedt emperature uni t s or days t o emergence s hou ld be de te rmined fo r eachspecies ns c r i teria fo r incubation.
=-"."
"=-<:
=~
==~
""-..•=--e
•"-...=~
"".
="~
y~
:::l
•eZ
-"--on•'"
o~,.0'.~" ' .
!.'. '-:"..>,.,'.'.......'
./ <-.'......'.,
•C~•"C"••-
0 0.
"0.: C~:.-,...••
-,' .~.....-,
-.'.'." 0....
0 0.•'o
00 0
~oa
;
."."..
on-
r
'"N
- .-
-----
---------..
-u
Ftgure ~ean=tem~~ra tor e · C:September 1 throuJtb: Apri-l 30.
19 7/f.r.t9 15 1982~<98 l
..'" r\ATC1t\L" \l ATANA. t.'ATA.'{A ~ATUR1o.L \.'AT;..'\A \lATA.~
1996 200 1 199& 200 1
150 0 : 9 2: I 2: 4 1; 1 2: 8 3; 1130 1. 0 1.8 2:0 1. 2 2." 2: 5100 1: I 1.6 1.7 1.3 2: 0 2: 2
zo-I-CJIIIIII
CIlUleII:U
iilzZ4::coz-4:~...4:CJ-II.~
"z-coo..:lI.
..:wZZc(:z:~
1IIQ-(/)
~ <.
t, !i ,-
'/ I ,
/ / I•.'\~.. .e ,-
"
rq ," {"..
I .'0 ,-~
t,I
~~ ~~'\ .~. ... "" / ;, ..- ,, '
'-
..
-. -. -. -. • "'~IILJlI~. T"ICR cIlsAE~o" • • • •FL OOD PLAI N
WATE R SU RFAC E
SL U SH RAFT S
BANI<
JlBOR DER IC EwI SLUS H UNDERNEATH•
B AN I<
DAY 1
WA TE R SURFACEFRACTURE BORDER ICE /
SL USH ICE COIJER ~l......DAY 2
D A Y 3 r D""' EN SLUS H
u ICE COVER
DAY 4 ~'~.. ....it- .... , ',':':::""'::~
ENTR ANCEDE-WA TERED
• • • • •SIDEISL AND
: CHANNEL i't fH
ICERA FT S
MAIN CHANNEL
BOR DER ICE( FROZEN SLUSHI
~~:~ : ~ :;:~::8:;8:;:J0:0:}~;~ :::;:;:::::;:;:;:'.:\, k.q< M ,;:PX 7(4; ,,,;:: ., Z ;;; ,,;:
SlO E CHANNEL
• • -~W~I. T.CA~R" aWn•BANK
. -.-.
ENTRANCEOVE R TOPPED
SL USH ICE COVE R
' :' 1~ -;- , r,-~-~ ; :. ,--;--! Y' .:.;v ;,-'.::-: ;:. '~,.:
'l}i;);~U:!~I~i1!! :: !1!~i~j!l~irJ~~!iii [: [f~ii~ij [: [
~
4m
/
/II
/
/I
/
//
///
//
/\ /\ /
,
'""~
"4-'moz4
"'",!! "~~"' ",
:;:"0-'m'"
'"!!" ~
Z '" '"0Z- ~0Z 0Nm0
0 ~
4- '" '"I- ~
" Z- ~ '"<n "40 ~
Q. ~
-el-X::l...
t
Co""t,FdCr
I?Af '14' --n--./• 7i! t/Cf!"CTpA -,(14 97
SlIf/71J If RlVr/l..
!y-- -;f'M /29
Sus/TAJA 5'TA 7 /IJPRH /26
coo-t IAIUT
'!iILI:£ETAI If R/vFII-
Stlr/rl.M B ~r/J/
r cHEMAr/C
I'If"COiIe£ ea» 711 /itt tiJ;J1}t. If'IVOl.
(tntrPI1 711 CMn.f/J9ICF)
I',U-~,ePJErr (lf42 AI~ If,1)
! 14.'d k~ ClIlIp..1 .;;.."" A'Mltlk Rt'rd
2. Ail''' zpf( ,(,. tk,hfr.7 "'-' #/~d"iJ..1. &/',...;A! Irt' /7'" ;'~'i'" I;' 1_,. A?,~r.
ArJ"~.1 ht'r' #-0#01'';;-' Cl1~,rn",, 'WI rt"rl,
/oJ,;,'rio I pan" ()" f/tJ~-'" ~,.'?'t'/'/I""'
~*.4· b'afu! o» 3;V"'f~ Dr n~1 I ce tlt'!J~*' f,~ £'H,; "", If.<. 1aJ, yt',),'" i1~ OM
:111,1,-,6""011 .?/;,~ ,r r~:,{ .,s, #,,:/AI"~J u/i1';;''..IA /~ njq~ ~,pe
.r:J;e.<I Ih I,..-.R,H".- #'IW,-/"'lll-el.
10'1, I Hi liI;..uI nllt...,~ N/titi/e R.Jd.
5 . C;;,rt!JA Lhl</,-hri1 r 'fiJI,t't'n,J ,f',).4N /r~
/"tI"d,"" "' , -r~ frt't'i'¥'1 1I~,,.n "~I ,;:!lillkeJ'''i1 . C;,.re./~ !.~ -e."H' kt' /""luI7MINI/i. hI! ""7 tI~..u /OIfJ :11'" NlkernJ or"";
1o(~Ir,,, Dr /~ ,1;.,,1-.
.r»r;' I,. mlliel I;' MN/tlk Rt'Jd ." AJ()r( .....J~ I , _ ;.';;l
ICe ;;",,1 JrJII ... ,,,/ OJ'" ~".,nii1 .
'2. c....l'~ lOt' /7r,"/"c/;.,,,, ,Iii hrd-l/'4 .e~,I.
3 . cnr",.Pt ICe ,o'Jtll<~/";C rnJl'>< Ck'~.; !31A;UPJ-¢ . " .. " ,A... t.,~ R"I-4#'.
s. G-,.,,,,4~ 11J1u~
". S'~;f at' h,,1-
III
I
11bs1.-44t'lEfl-
IIIIIIIII !
IIII
._- -~\
~
ELEVI'lTION - I FEETI ~
~ ~ !~-~
•~ iB~ e ~ 2 ~ Ii i ffi~i•
~ i >~ ~, . "'. ;a:_.. ' .-,
f\- .
~ ~i~i ~ I, lh r- I .-~~
b..-, § ~ljw
i I'\~-, I I - =
N -, It j i~
~~
K f\~II
, "
~ I..
~'\
~ "~
~-. ~r-,
r-, II
"\: -. •u 2 §~ .'\ ."". '\ .~.' r-, W ~
"\ ~...J _<r
~ r- olI :' - . ~~• r
!!;;;~• ...~a::
N.
l\w ~~w-. > c II
\ - ~f!~
~a::
'"~\ ;n
""~ I ,
2
~ \ ~§
~
~~, ", ~-'i ~!!~'$
~ 8 ~ ~a~ <, ~'
~r-, :51'" -a
<"'\ S;~UA ~
r-,\I ~ !~
I ~, I~ Ii'"' r-, • •
.Ii ~J
~ I<:R I
Ii i a i ~ ~ a1133 ~ I - NOI HM3-'3
-
..ELEVATION - (FEET) ~
~ I J~
I~ i i! , S 0 ij II I, "Iii;
I ~- 't
~ c~- - .R\ 1\ i i_I
iir:" l!l§ § ~I:lw
~ "- ! I -=~ I\. i ~
s !
~ '\ III~ ! ~I!-, 1\ " ~iIr-, r-,
r-, 81• ~ ~ §- .-
" '\-, UJ -5
~oJ
1'\ - -=iz: !!bI §crUJ ~!!~
1\>- ~I!~ §cr§
~ \ U
~il\ il
~-,
I~~ 1"\!! !! ' !! ~ 3
~<, \ -DO
t-. il!lllA
r.. I'.. • II !;rJ J',.
Ii!• •Ii Ii a Ii ~ j I
1l3~~J - NOl l dA3' 3
"•
•-•u
•
ELE VATION - ( FEETl~ § , i e
<, ~
~ ~1'\ ,f\., f\
\ ~K0 "-
~ "" i>..' '-' ,
";'?l: "~ ~ 1\\' .. <,~, ' ,
Il: "
-, ",'
-, " '\-,-,~ r-, tr-, . :. '. .
r-,, " I\.... .." [\"" '" i" , \.. .; -. ; '
l\' ,. «K/ r\,~~, , . ,I\. ~ f'..' ," ., . '
l\~:~ \ .0:';' ,:"
N::--,.,. rl 1\:,, , .~ ~
1\ ~ ' ,'
r-, ~" .\." - ,
t-,.', .
I'l- ' . I ~"'-~"
. ' "
~.",, ,)-". "-
~" r- r; ':>-.. r-." ' . '., ,. ' v , t\-o " ' , ....
- c - . , ' , ' ,
"< \ . ' -_ .'~"; \'< ~
. ,"-. '. '
~r . ' ,
i';:}' " • •r .
~ \ ~. '~ 1\":: .. <,~ .
\. e : f\ '1\•.1,••
9•( 133 ~ ) - NO I 1~ A3'3
•W...J->:
"=",lJJ>-a:
~-
!
!
ELEVATION - (FEET)§ , ,
(133~1 - NOI1~A3'3
(133~1 - NOI1~A3l3
uu
~~ -:::: ~• ~ I ' !•...~ "'"
- . 1
~ ~~ ;ill
G '~ ELEVI'ITION - ( FEET) ~ •
~ ~"" II ~ II ~ ~ ~ ~ i "~a_ - .
• • i ~ ~ i l I
~r--
')C~ ;;:; ~ r
::--,
ii ~ l:J w
i I......."- f - =
~....
~ i ~\ .'. 'l<;
>It
" .
~ <.~ ~ II
" '" <, ~~'<'>::
~" ~
....:-': ~ III •• -, •
~I
~ ~,
N~~
~C:'i,
~~ .r-, r-, w •
~ ~..J - a
I.'" r-. '" '0r-. - - '~! IJ:
~ r-, 1\ 8~ . ·
~ f>; Cl: - "~
r-, ..... W s~> ~ ~- '\ :~
"""- - - !l!U
K~Cl: - •
~r'. ' : '!I »- ;':' t-, r---...." ~
•..
1<v•:~ .
~ .~:-:~ ~
~ ~ \j ;~ ~
~, "Nrs; s: ! ~'< ... ..
J ~~ ~~ ~ r-, " .:',:" .~" 2 0<s ~. . , .
~. ': . ' .. ! S i~ U~ Ii"~( 1"\
~.' ', " '-. :
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~... ~ '- , ,, , ;\.
~ ~ a i'I: ti . ~ ,. .
1\ -,~
:- '; .' ;" \
!,
;113 ~ ~ 9 ~ S iI•1133.:1 ) - NOI.LtM3l 3
uu
~ i f ~ !~-~
~'I! H• "'~§i ~ - - I
~ ;!l~- I
i 'l I
I l ~- ~ " - !i ~ i .I ~ " !Uig i I" ~ I ~
'" c<> i 4\:i
I
I I'"..
I ~ !lI ~ ~I ..
III~
I §~ --I :~~I
~;;~I ~ "'~
~~~\ ~f5\ "- iiw~ ~ u
l!l
~~ I
\ (j i~ -\~ il~ .... >
s !i d<,~ L" I
I~ ."
~,I
S ~ ~ 2 9 ~,
- Ii I
3i I I-l ~3A I !J
uI!l
Ii
§ ~I!!I
,•,
~,,
s ,,
. ... ..'
" ' " ·0
9-
LJ-ft~ I, ~ --'~. '
.-.•-.
, ... ... .. . ... . _..,,
.... ... . ... _..••
s3l1~ ~13"1~
- ' -
.-../ z»
" "". . '
Ii-
•'0 " • • 0 • • ••• 0.
~ ~ . - --- '. ' . ~ . ::-~ . ,. ~r
/ ....'" .. ..- -- .-' .' "'::::, . ,. "\:Ir ' I}
,.., :' .
uu
~
~ !~
! ~i5~ i i_=i5 ~0:"-
I t~iij •• I
I I~;;;~I!I~w-u~
I -It I I
t~
i ,:l ~
I ~ I ~<:;;
iii III ~~• o 0 r ~U'l ~ .t_
o '
I ~
- &l '§:~ ~~. -
I~- -'"wgsi=~..~:I: O:~leU
IX ,,~~
Iwn~> ~
cr ;~w
i
I Ir-, r- I JI
iii S a ~ II ~ ~ . .. "N-O J ~~
!• • •
lUI ' Am "s ·,. ( ! ~ : SS3N~)lH! JJ II :'I~I
! -.
' , IGJ.~19
..II.. !..
I ~~! I iL ~......
i It~i 'I •
~I
I ::UiWI.
~l:l;:: II I -It I I
>- i ~
~i "I ~D '4
~ I lilS c
51 I ~'-. r .. "o oj ....
LJ).. ."'"'i• .'
- 8l '"o ~
I- 0-- ""'"_ -i!i
I~w iiiS!g ;:~~
r..~
I15 ~i~> ..~ ;II'W
I• IqI
. n!iii E a • iii ! !l • •• ,. N -0
l ~• •
c'1:U °A'!" 'S ' " (!~ : SSJN~JJ~! 1JIl:a IZIilGJO I 8~
'dIG.L _"9
i~•
llI .. nl N - O
1::1 u:a.oml
' dW]l ~J.9
I ~
~ w~ !-~ e;li~ ~ ii ~-i!i
~- ~",,,~
~~~i
ij •"
I
I r: on ~I-II !
~w-!:!~
Ii J Ii
~i
~~ ~
I 1- "-\.
~~ "-Iil~ii ~•
"-• 0 o'ilil Ir'- ~
,~
r.: III,
N
~"
- §_..I.- 1'- f... ....
_ -is
~'-
- .'- LU si S!g i~~
Ir~cr 0:0
I ~ ~~~cr ;II'~
i
• Ir!§ I II
~ il I S ~ ~ !! • 1IlI . "'N - Ol ~~
• 0
(L~J OAr ] ' S' ~:.~ l S93N~) I HL 3J l
1 :1 ~1~ -..
"dW31 ~J.S
~
~ ~ !-~ ~ ~ ~ ; ii -;:~ Ii",a_
I i ~iCj •
" I
i c::ii1V! i II i~tJ;:
iI -
" i Ii
~~ ::l
~ I l 1iilll ~
•- a Di '"r- •.(1'l Ilrn
1"\~
- §~.
i'--•- -a
W 8~ri
-...J ..- - ~:c "'.ru
'" ~i~h- r- r- I
w l' ~> •ir ~i~
•!
I• IrI I ~I
~ II I ~ ~ ~ ~ • ", ,,"f\l - O~ ~!
• •(J.~ I ' ''r''! ' S ' "
; ~ ~ 1 SS3~~J J Hl ]~ JI' SDllOZl I
~ .:.;
. 6131 wt:I~U9
I
I~ !i !~-
I~ 15~~ i i
• iI
>-15 !i- ~
,~a~
! i t 2i ij •
I• I
I II
I r=;;; ~I
Ii I
~ .. -~~•
I
IIi i I
·I,
I i ~
I
. ,
Ii ~
"'~ ,.,.. ..;
I n~ I:;il~~~ 0 o!ir- ~
•en IIen
~I- §--- -~- .w gi9
I- =-~:l: ~
r~II:: "'0
I ~ ~~~II:: 'l!ll!ll!
!
, i ~rI I II•
~ i I a J ~ !! . .. ,. N -0I ~I
• • a
( 1 1 1 ' '''] 'U ' S ' ", (1~ 1 SS3H~J l~l ]~JI ~ n:atIOXI l ~ ~
•dlGl wtl3lU9
~~ ~ !
~ Sli~ i ii ~-i5
~- ~~a~
i !~iij •
~I
S t::~~I.
Ii~lj;: II -
It i Ij :::
~
@ '"., >-.. ~
I l~,
Ii! II
I ~w• 0 o r..,
~
•
II:'to IIrn
r"-t-- I- §~.
~
- -a
W 8~~..J ..- - ~
-,:l:: "'~r u
..... cr "'~~
~w !l'1f~> ~
;r ;r~
••• r-I I II
~ II I S ~ ~ ~ lIl "~f\I - O
l ~!• • "
U ,J ' ~ 3"] "' """I . ~ I SS3N~JIH ! 3J I
l ~ ~l~ .:.;
. dWJJ. wtat19
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - -
L
1-+++4-I-J i
~ 6 I S ~0 . :1 1 "A]'] . , . ...
1I1I~"N-O
I ~ tn'CmJl
' dlG! Wtal19
ICE AND TEI'IPERA~ STUDIES WORKSHOP
ADF~G PRESENTATION
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF TE"PERATURE CRITERIA FOR FISHERY ASSESSMENT
1. SpAwning of the five pacific ••1.an sp.ci •• doe. not occur toany Appreciable .~t.nt in the ".t~. directly .ffect~ by the••tnst•• Su.ltna during the wintwr .anth••
2. Chu. and sockeye spawn,influenced by ground w.t~ orQ.n~.lly within one degre. of
.ppar~tly ••lectively, in are••upNelllng with winte" temperatur••thr•• deQr••s centigrade.
3. Chinook , pink, and coho apparently spawn pri ••rily intributeri.. and t ..pe,.atur•• during .id"int~ of 1... than 1degre. centrigrade. At l •••t chinook and pink obtain -uch of theth.,....l unit. n-e••••ry for develop.-nt by spawn1n; .arlier toObt.in .arly fall th.,.-.l input.
4. The r ••ld~t whitefish app.r~tly succe••fully spAwn in.Ain.t~ ar.a. in Octob~, burbot in January, and long no••• uck~. in MAYor Jun.. Spawning APp.ars to b. li.itedby stable substrate and deNatering rath~ than te~.rature.
~. Upper Ii_ita on r.aring teaperAture. do not appear to bereached in the SuaitnA r.aring habitat.. No correlation. ofdi.tribution with open water t ..peratur•• have been ob.erved.
6. Lower t.-perature. are a.aociated with increa.ed u.e ofs l ou gh . and gravel sub&trate for cov~. OutMlgration fra.tributaries appears to be exten.ive And attraction to groundwater sourc_ in .lough. APpear to corr.late with lAt. fall.cv...nt. of Juvenil. chinook and coho .al.en.
7. T.-peratur_ at chu. and sock.ye spawning ar.a. ar. pri ..rilyinfluenced by ..inst.. wAt.,.. ov....flow. CAY-.d by iceproces_s. A on. ti_ ev.nt at .lough SA car.,..lated ....11 withreduction in develop.-nt r.te. of .ockey. and chu. .~ryo••
1
A. N.tur.l In.tr.a. Ie. Condition.
-fi.hConclu.ion.
r.l.tion.hip. to 5o.itnar.ached to dat••
1. Th. furth.r north, the Mar. influence ic. proc••••• have ontributary ovarMint.rin~ (app.rently) Mith out.i~r.tion. of .e.tr ••id.nt and juvenile .al.en .p.ci•• occurrin~ with the on••t ofwinter.
2. M.in.t.m Su.itna h.bitat. provide .table flow. in Midwinter,.ft.r an ic. cov.r is for..d.
3. Slou~h habitat.a••ociat.d with thermal
provideinput of
stable~round
condition.Mat.r.
.pp.r.ntly
4. On.time ob ••rv.tion of midwint.r ov.rflow of .lou~h 9A.u;~••ted incr••••d anchor ic. and r.duced temperatur•••Un.tabl. flow condition••••ociat.d with ic. app.ar to mo.t the.ajor limitin; factor.
Radio ta~;.d r ••identcour.. of the winter
cov.r.
fi.h ~.n.r.lly move down.tr••m durin~
and corr••pond. with incr•••in~ ic.
6. Concentration.attracted to ground
of r ••ident fi.h in the wint.r app.arw.t.r and thar.ally .ff.cted .r••••
tD
7. Limited burbot .pawnino .ay occur .t §ite. directly .ff.ct.db y mainstem flow••
9. S.cau.. ofconfirmation data
the cat••troohic natureon hypoth•••• pr••ented i.
of ic.difficult
proc•••••,to obtain.
9. Overwint.ring habitat i. prob.bly a m.jor limitation in theproduction of re.id.nt and the r.aring juvenile ••lmon specie••
ifi!i. "
P...tUII~ I re....<'Wnt.allun ...., ~""U, "'.... hlo: m''ln. m.,..II..n,~m• •'1'<"~"~~In .. I~l" ••, r""",n, ,,, flit: ,nl"n.. l) .,f "... 11rno... lI..n"m ,k r-:n.h " ,,~II) u n lilt: , 1I~ p" urtil.: I.. l " ..n'" Ih.- ""'1"..",1......·..1fa"",m.
.0
'-
C"hl"'IO"JllII .... Il D.. 1C ..... • ~,
v
"D 01: 111"10..14 an
••
A ...-lI.:m.ol'".... 111.: nurnt.:,...~llI'kJtkll)YItl:SM SLob ' vlllm..... ~'fI hpl brI_
pt......,,""'.... hnlll ~ h) ~h ""n"....,'n...ntI ..m.aI ... rn•.IIIon