2.1 – A Background to Cell Structure

Multiple Choice Questions:

1) Which one is not part of the modern cell theory?a )All living things are composed of cellsb) Cells are the basic units of living organismsc) All cells come from pre-existing cellsd) All cells contain smaller parts

2) Which scientist did not contribute to the cell theory in the 1800’s?a) Schleidenb) Schwannc)Virchow d) Mendel

3) Cells obtain energy and get rid of waste through their ___________.a) cell wallb) cell membranec) cell surface aread) organelles

4) The size of most plant and animal cells ranges from ________.a) 0.1 and 10 umb) 0.01 and 0.10 umc) 10 and 100 umd) 1 and 10 um

5) What is spontaneous generation?a) A current theory that states living organisms can be generated from non-living matterb) An outdated theory that states living organisms can be generated from non-living matterc) A current theory that suggests all matter is made up of spontaneous particlesd) An outdated theory that suggests all matter is made up of spontaneous particles

6) It is better for a cell to have maximum membrane ________ as possible.a) cell capacityb) volume c) surface aread) depth

True or False Questions

1) F The importance of cells as the basic unit of life was realized in the 1600s.

2) F Schleiden, Mendel and Schwann each made a proposal that contributed to the development of the cell theory.

3) T Schleiden was the first to observe that all plant tissue was composed of cells.

4) T The cell theory is the foundation used by biologists to try to understand life on earth.

5) T A cell needs a constant supply of energy and a method to rid itself of waste products.

6) T Minimizing the distance within the cell also minimizes the time taken for cell processes.

2.2 Cell structures 1.Every organism must be either ________ or a _________. a) Prokaryote and organelles b) Eukaryotic and organelles c) Prokaryote and eukaryotic d) non of them 2.Bacteria and other similar cells of the kingdoms Archaebacteria and Eubacteria are the only ______. a) Prokaryote b) Eukaryotic c) glycocalyx d) non of them 3. these different compartments have specific functions and are call _______.

a) oranellesb) fluidc) sugard) hydrophilic

4. What higher temperatures it attracts the phospholipids and helps stabilize the membrane.

a) around 37b) around 25c) around 50d) around 100

5. _____ is also found within cell membrane.a) cholesterolb) glycoproteinsc) DNAd) Nucleoid

6.It has a crucial role to play in the life of a cell.a) DNAb) Cell wallc) Cell membraned) Sugar

1.c 2.a 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.c

True or False Questions1.cell walls are much stronger and thicker that cell membranes._____2.the protein molecules embedded in the membrane are called intrinsic proteins.___3.these carbohydrate and protein combinations known as phospholipids.___4.the phospholipid bilayer is composed of two rows or layers of pholipid molecules.___5.composed of cell walls with the compound lignin attached, is as strong as it is.____6. the molecules are placed randomly and there is on set pattern. 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.T

1. The cell membrane is the only thing between the cell and it’s outside environment. TRUE / FALSE

2. A cell wall can only be found in animal cell not a plantcell. TRUE / FALSE

3. Cellulose cell walls are weaker and thinner then the cell membrane. TRUE / FALSE

4. Penicillin works to prevent the formation of bacterial cells. TRUE / FALSE

5. Under a light microscope the nucleus appears verythin. TRUE / FALSE

6. The nucleus is the genetic control center of the cell. TRUE / FALSE

ANSWERS:1. TRUE2. FALSE3. FALSE4. TRUE5. TRUE6. TRUE

2.3 Cytoplasmic Organelles

1. Structures that perform specialized functions in cells are called __________a). Mitochondriab). Organellesc). Vesicled). Vacuoles

2. The mitochondria uses oxygen to produce __________a). ATPb).Acidc). Based). Water

3. __________ are dense-looking dark granules located on the surface of parts of the endoplasmic reticulum.a). Cisternaeb). Cisternal Spaces.c). Ribosomesd). Lysosomes

4. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is where ______________ takes place at the ribosomes.a). Protein Synthesisb). Glycolysis c). Single-displacement reactiond). Double-displacement reaction

5. The Golgi Complex was named after _____________________.a). An Italian scientistb). An African scientistc). A Chinese scientistd). A Russian scientist

6. Lysosomes are used to break down _______________ within a cell.a). Fatb). Energyc). Damaged organellesd). Glucose

True or False T

2. The transmission eletron microscope was invented in 1938 by a Russian scientist. F F

4. Between Golgi complex and the Endoplasmic reticulum, only one of them produce Lysosomes. F T

6. Vacuoles are found mainly in animal cells and are used for storage of starch molecules. F

2.3 Cytoplasmic Organelles (pg 53~56)

Multiple-choice1. Where in a cell would you expect to find the cytoskeleton?a) within the nucleusb) within a mitochondrionc) within the cytoplasmd) between the cell membrane and the cell wall

2. The mitochondria is the site ofa) protein synthesis

b) lipid synthesisc) energy productiond) non of the above

3. Chloroplasts are _____ organelles, found only in cells of plants and some protests. This organelles produce food by the process of __________.

a) green, Photosynthesisb) red, respirationc) yellow, Photosynthesisd) blue, respiration

4. What’s inside chloroplasts?a) chlorophyllb) granac) stromad) all of the above

5. Three types of fibres from the cytoskeleton area) aluminium alginate fibre, cellulose base fibre and chromosomal fibreb) microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubulesc) cellulose base fibre, microtubules and chromosomal fibred) microfilaments, intermediate filaments and aluminium alginate fibre

6. Human sperm cells are able to move due to the presence of ______________.a) a single ciliumb) many ciliac) a single flagellumd) many flagella

Truth or fault1. Flagella are short; cilia are long.

2. Plastids only occur in plants and algae and some other protists.

3. Chloroplasts have a double membrane surrounding them.

4. Paramecium moved with tiny cilia that around the membrane.

5. The function of intermediate filaments is changes in cell shape.

6. Cellular respiration is a process involves extracting energy from food to make ATP

AnswersMultiple-choice: 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.CTruth or fault: 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T

1. What does the term metabolism refers to?a) Chemical reactions

b) Enzymesc) When two chemicals doesn’t act togetherd) Carbohydrate reaction

2. What does the term “Endergonic” means?

a) Energy inb) Energy outc) Energy flowing both waysd) None of the above

3. What does the term “Exergonic” mean?a) Energy inb) Energy outc) Energy flowing both waysd) None of the above

4. Cellular respiration is:a) the name for a series of reactions in cells that releases energyb) Making of ATPc) Making of ADPd) None of the above

5. What is ATP?a) a energy moleculeb) enzymesc) a bond between two moleculesd) a bond between two cells

6. Where does the ATP store its energy?a) ATP doesn’t store energyb) in its moleculec) in chemical bondsd) none of the above

ANSWERS: 1. A2. A3. B4. A5. A6. C

1. ATP is energy molecule. TRUE / FALSE

2. Biological endergonic reactions produce molecules containing covalent bonds that store energy. TRUE / FALSE

3. Exergonic requires energy in order to proceed. TRUE / FALSE

4. Endergonic releases energy out. TRUE / FALSE

5. ADP molecules can be converted back into ATP. TRUE / FALSE

6. Energy releases from breakdown of ADP. TRUE / FALSE

ANSWERS:1. TRUE2. TRUE3. FALSE4. FLASE5. TRUE6. FALSE

3.1 Cell Membrane: Gateway to the Cell

Multiple Choices

1. What is the membrane called when it allows some substances to pass through them?A) Semipermeable B) Selectively permeableC) PhospholipidsD) Permeable

2. Phospholipids are:A) Tightly packed togetherB) Loosely held togetherC) Can prevent large molecules from passing though D) A & C

3. What molecule is not fat-soluble and cannot dissolve or pass through the middle fatty acid portion of the membrane?A) HydrophilicB) PhospholipidsC) HydrophobicD) None the above

4.A)B)C)D)

5.A)B)C)D)

6.A)B)C)D)

True or false

1. The hydrophilic phosphate heads point toward the liquid environments inside and outside the cell. ______

2. Hydrophilic molecules that are not fat-soluble can pass thought the middle fatty acid portion of the membrane. ______

3. Selectively permeable membranes are non-living membranes that prevent some molecules from passing. ______

4. Glycocalyx can lubricate cells and act as an adhesion layer for them. _______5. The hydrophobic fatty acid tails making up the middle of the membrane prevent

some molecules from entering the cell. ______

6. The phospholipids bilayer and protein molecules help to control the passage of materials through the cell membrane. ______

3.2 The movement of Solutes and Water

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Diffusion is….A) When there are less random collisionsB) The tendency of particles to move from an area where they are more concentrated to and area where they are less concentratedC) When there are more collisionsD) All the above

2. Hypertonic is when..A) water diffuses into the cell by osmosis.B) the fluid surrounding the cells and the cytoplasm are equilibriumC) the fluid surrounding the cells has a lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm of the cellD) the fluid surrounding the cells has a high solute concentration than the cytoplasm of the cell

3.The air sacs of the lungs are called:A) capillariesB) alveoliC)D)

4.A)B)C)D)

5.A)B)C)D)

6.A)B)C)D)

True or False Questions

1. Movement along the concentration gradient is referred to as passive transport. _______2.Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. _______

3.3 – Protein Carrier-Assisted Transport

Multiple Choice Questions:

1) Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of ______________.a) high concentration to low concentrationb) low concentration to high concentrationc) low concentration to equilibriumd) high concentration to equilibrium

2) The movement of water along a concentration gradient until equilibrium is established is:a) diffusionb) osmosisc) endocytosisd) exocytosis

3) Facilitated transport…a) requires energy from ATPb) does not require energy from ATPc) requires energy from ADPd) does not require energy from ADP

4) The movement of molecules through a membrane against a concentration gradient by means of a carrier protein is:a) facilitated transportb) active transport

c) endocytosisd) exocytosis

5) The sodium/potassium pump in nerve cells is an important example of _________.a) active transportb) passive transportc) endocytosisd) exocytosis

6) Cystic Fibrosis is characterized by the build-up of________.a) airb) fluidsc) mucusd) chloride ions

True or False Questions:

1) F Particles are never constantly and randomly moving.

2) T A solute dissolved in a solvent results in a solution.

3) T Your lungs rely on diffusion to add oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from your blood.

4) T Alveoli and capillaries have adaptations to speed up the relatively slow process of diffusion.

5) F Osmosis is not a special type of diffusion.

6) F In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solutes in the fluid surrounding the cell is different than in the cell’s cytoplasm.

4.4 Photosynthesis and Food ProductionMultiple-Choice

1. The substrates of photosynthesis area) Oxygen and glucoseb) Carbon dioide and oxygenc) Carbon dioxide and waterd) Glucose and water

2. In the light-dependent reactions__________.a) Water molecules are formedb) Water molecules are broken down into oxygen and hydrogenc) Carbon dioxide from the air is added to form the carbohydrate glucosed) Carbon dioxide from the water is added

3. In the light-independent reactions___________.a) Water molecules are formedb) Water molecules are broken down into oxygen and hydrogenc) Carbon dioxide from the air is added to form the carbohydrate glucosed) Carbon dioxide from the water is added

4. Within the chloroplasts, specialized pigment compounds __________ are able to capture the energy of light.

a) enzymesb) RNAc) Chlorophyll

d) Non of the above

5. Autotrophs means___________________.a) make their own foodb) feed by othersc) both a and bd) non of the above

6. Certain species of bacteria, known as ____________, do not rely on either photosynthesis or the products of photosynthesis to survive.

a) heterotrophsb) biomoautotrophsc) chemoautotrophsd) non of the above

Truth or Flute1. Photosynthesis produces oxygen in animals and plants.

2. Photosynthesis is a complicated endergonic process

3. Because of photosynthesis the plant was able to not only harvest the light energy but also stored energy in the chemicals.

4. 6H2O + 6CO2 ----------> C6H12O6+ 6O is the net equation of photosynthesis.

5. Chlorophyll, the green pigment common to only certain photosynthetic cells

6. Autotrophic microorganisms, including many varieties of archaea and bacteria, which are able to synthesize all of the organic compounds they need from inorganic raw materials in the absence of water.

AnswersMultiple-choice: 1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.CTruth or fault: 1.F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F

1.3 Lipids: Long-Term Energy Storage

Multiple-choice1. which of the following is not Lipida) fatsb) phospholipidsc) glycogend) steroids

2. Fats make for good energy storage molecules because they area) a very concentrated source of energyb) fats are not solvable in water c) fat contains more than twice as much energy as carbohydrated) both a and b

3. Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between _______ and so are not saturated with _________.

a) carbons, hydrogenb) carbons, oxygenc) hydrogen, oxygend) non of the above

4. Saturated fatty acidsa) contain at least one double between the carbon atomsb) contain no double bonds between the carbon atomsc) are composed of two fatty acids and glycerold) are the energy molecules of cells

5. The individual amino acids making up polypeptide are bonded together bya) hydrogen bondsb) peptide bondsc) ionic bondsd) polar bonds

6. ___________ are the long-term energy storage molecules in animals and are stored in fat cells in adipose tissue.

a) Glycerolb) CLAc) Phospholipidsd) Triglycerides

Truth or fault1. In human cells, fats serve as short-term energy storage molecule

2. Fatty acids are long carbon-hydrogen chains with a carboxyl (COOH) group at one end. Fatty acids may be either saturated or unsaturated.

3. The hydrocarbon tail in palmitic acid is formed of carbon-carbon double bonds

4. In oleic acid there is one carbon atoms. Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid.

5. Phospholipids consist of a hydrophilic phosphate molecule and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

6. Steroids are group of lipids that consist of three linked carbon rings. Include cholesterol and certain sex hormones

AnswersMultiple-choice: 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.DTruth or fault: 1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T 6.F1.5 Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choices

1. ____________ form the important hereditary molecule DNA.a). Double helixb). Building blocksc). Single strandd). Nucleic acids

2. Nucleic acids are polymers formed from monomer molecules called __________.a). ATPb). Nucleotidesc). DNAd). RNA

3. Sugar is __________ in DNA or __________ in RNA.a). Riboseb). A nitrogen-containing basec). Deoxyribosed). member of Phosphate group

4. Which on of the following is not of nitrogen-containing base?a). Guanineb). Cytosinec). Uracild). None of the above

5. The three-dimensional structure of DNA is such that ______ can only pair with ______, and that ______ can only pair with ______.a). Thymineb). Guaninec). Adenined). Cytosine

6. _______, a monomer, is another important nucleotide in the cell.a). Energyb). ATPc). Proteind). Starch

True or False1. RNA is usually single stranded. _____2. ATP = ADP + T. _____3. Both DNA and RNA are not polymers. _____4. The bond that form ATP is a High-energy bond. _____5. The third phosphate in ATP can be split off by Energy. _____6. Glucose supply Phosphate to form ATP. _____

Answer 1.D 2.B 3.C, A. 4.D. 5.C,A,B,D 6.B

1. T 2. T. 3. F. 4. T. 5. F. 6. F.1.1 The Chemical Basis of LifeAnswer Key

Multiple Choice Questions1) a) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous and sulfur2) b) compounds3) b) covalent bond4) c) donates5) c) catabolism6) a) HCL, lemon juice

True or False Questions1) F2) T3) T4) F5) F6) T

1. Gills are found in?a) Fishb) Goatc) Dogd) Lion

2. What is the job of gills?a) allows water to go throughb) specialize in gas exchangec) allows food to go throughd) None of the above

3. Spiracles are found in?a) Fishb) Peacockc) Frogd) Insects

4. Grasshoppers have enlargements at the end of their tracheal

Tube is called:a) Air sacsb) Sacs

c) Air passerd) None of the above

5. How many gills arches are in fish’s body?

a) Twob) Fourc) Sixd) Eight

6. Each gill filament contains many flat structures called:a) Operculab) Gill archesc) Lamellaed) Tracheal tube

ANSWERS:1. A2. B3. D4. A5. B6. C

1. The organ of gas exchange in the plant is the leaf. TRUE / FALSE

2. Birds have the same gas exchange as human. TRUE / FALSE

3. In birds, during the exhalations, both sets of air sacs deflate. TRUE / FLASE

4. There are eight gills arches in fish’s body. TRUE / FALSE

4. The grasshopper exchanges gas through the air sacs. TRUE / FALSE

5. Earthworm uses its skin for gas exchange. TRUE / FALSE

ANSWERS:

1. TRUE2. FALSE3. TRUE4. FALSE5. FALSE6. TRUE

1.4 Proteins: 1. What is the simply the order of the amino acids in the polypeptide? A) primary structure B) secondary structure C) oxygen D) tertiary structure 2. What is the group of COOH? A) amino group B) carboxyl group C) oxygen group D) non of then

3.What is heme group? A) link to each of the three chains. B) the bonds that from between adjacent amino acids. C) link to each of the four chains. D) non of then 4._____ direct and contra the chemical reaction in life processes. A)protein B)amino acid C)oxygen D)Nucleic 5.______ ______ occur when two or more polypeptide chains combine to from the protein. A)disulfide bridges B)tertiary structures C)quaternary structures D) a b c are all right 6.Some function as hormones to send chemical messages between ____ ore as enzymes to speed up chemical reactions in your body. A)cells B)tyrosine C)glutamine D)amino 1.a 2.b 3.c 4.a 5.a 6a

True or False Questions1. each amino acid contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, similar to carbohydrates and

lipids._____2. the different R group give the various amino acids different biological

properties.______3. amino group’ symbol is HN2_______4. the bonds that from between adjacent amino acids are known as primary

bonds.______

5. a number of proteins to the metabolism of different types of cells contain metal ions.______

6. the blood of some other organisms contains different complexes._____

1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.T

7. What does the term metabolism refers to?a) Chemical reactionsb) Enzymesc) When two chemicals doesn’t act togetherd) Carbohydrate reaction

8. What does the term “Endergonic” means?

a) Energy inb) Energy outc) Energy flowing both waysd) None of the above

9. What does the term “Exergonic” mean?a) Energy inb) Energy outc) Energy flowing both waysd) None of the above

10. Cellular respiration is:a) the name for a series of reactions in cells that releases energyb) Making of ATPc) Making of ADPd) None of the above

11. What is ATP?a) a energy moleculeb) enzymesc) a bond between two moleculesd) a bond between two cells

12. Where does the ATP store its energy?a) ATP doesn’t store energyb) in its moleculec) in chemical bondsd) none of the above

ANSWERS: 7. A8. A

9. B10. A11. A12. C

7. What provides the backbone of the molecules?a) Carbonb) Hydrogenc) Calcium d) Nitrogen

8. Is Carbohydrates:a) Monomersb) Polymersc) Maltosed) Sucrose

9. The monomer forms of carbohydrates are as:a) Disaccharidesb) Polysaccharidesc) Monosaccharidesd) Hydrolysis

10. Important polysaccharides includes:a) Starchb) Glycogenc) Cellulosed) All of the above

11. Muscles calls needs glucose and it uses as much as it can, where does the left out glucose stores?a) Starchb) Cellulosec) Glycogend) None of the above

12. What is produced in the disaccharides maltose reaction?a) Glucoseb) Waterc) Oxygend) Nitrogen

ANSWERS:

1. A2. A3. C4. D5. C6. B

1. What is the function of the cholesterol found within the cell membrane?a) To help keep the membrane fluidb) At low temperature helps to keep phospholipids apartc) Helps stabilize the membraned) All of the above

2. Cell walls are NOT found in:

a) Plant cellsb) Animal cellsc) Not found in eitherd) Found in both

3. Cytoplasm consists of:a) Ions and moleculesb) Enzymes and proteinsc) Ions and proteins d) Molecules and enzymes

4. The nucleus is separated from the rest of the cell by the:a) Cell wall b) Cell envelopec) Nucleus walld) All of the above

5. The cell wall is made of a double layer of what molecule?a) Plasma b) Chromatin c) Cytoplasmd) None of the above

6. What are plant cells wall are made out of?

a) Celluloseb) Polysaccharidesc) Polysaccharides cellulosed) Glycoproteins

ANSWERS:1. D2. B3. A4. B5. D6. C

1. ATP is energy molecule. TRUE / FALSE

2. Biological endergonic reactions produce molecules containing covalent bonds that store energy. TRUE / FALSE

3. Exergonic requires energy in order to proceed. TRUE / FALSE

4. Endergonic releases energy out. TRUE / FALSE

5. ADP molecules can be converted back into ATP. TRUE / FALSE

6. Energy releases from breakdown of ADP. TRUE / FALSE

ANSWERS:7. TRUE8. TRUE9. FALSE10. FLASE11. TRUE

4. The cell membrane is the only thing between the cell and it’s outside environment. TRUE / FALSE

5. A cell wall can only be found in animal cell not a plantcell. TRUE / FALSE

6. Cellulose cell walls are weaker and thinner then the cell membrane. TRUE / FALSE

4. Penicillin works to prevent the formation of bacterial cells. TRUE / FALSE

6. Under a light microscope the nucleus appears verythin. TRUE / FALSE

6. The nucleus is the genetic control center of the cell. TRUE / FALSE

ANSWERS:7. TRUE8. FALSE9. FALSE10. TRUE11. TRUE12. TRUE

1. The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6? TRUE / FALSE

2. Disaccharide is form by dehydration synthesis? TRUE / FALSE

3. Dehydration synthesis is also known as hydrolysis? TRUE / FALSE

4. Disaccharides are broken down into monomers by TRUE / FALSE hydrolysis?

5.Difference between the polysaccharides are caused TRUE / FALSE by difference between in their molecular structure?

6. Glycogen is a long-term energy storage molecule TRUE / FALSE in human cells?

ANSWERS:

1. TRUE2. TRUE3. FALSE4. TRUE 5. TRUE

4.2 Enzymes 4.3 Protein Synthesis1. _____ are specialized protein molecules that function as biological catalysts.

a) Enzymesb) Substratesc) Enzymed) Glucose

2. Enzymes allow reactions to be completed up to _____ times faster than they would the presence of the enzymes.

a) 10 billionb) 1 billionc) 100 billion

d) 1000 billion3. For each enzyme generally catalyzes, how many chemical reaction?

a) oneb) twoc) threed) four

4. All the organelles of the cell wok together to produce protein through the process of ____ _____.

a) protein synthesis b) messenger RNAc) transfer RNAd) activation energy

5. Once the polypeptide has been assembled at the ribosome it enter the _______.a) RERb) RNAc) ANAd) TBA

6. ______ ______ is the knowledge of cellular is a number of techniques that use the knowledge of cellular function such as protein synthesis to diagnose diseases.

a) nuclear medicineb) messenger RNAc) transfer RNAd) activation energy

1-6 all A. True or False Questions

1. The enzyme analyzed reaction occurs at a location on catalysts known as at the action site._______

2. without enzyme you would use less energy._____3. with enzyme net energy released.______4. RNA have same function that DNA.____5. the manufacture and export of a protein is a complex process.6. Proteins are essential to the life of the cell.1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T

8.2 The Digestive System

Multiple Choice Questions:

1) Some examples of organs in the digestive system include:a) the stomach, liver, small intestineb) the heart, stomach, small intestinec) the stomach, small intestine and trachea

d) the trachea, heart, pancreas

2) The state of constancy in an organism’s internal environment despite the changes in the external environment is:a) homeostasisb) homogeneityc) hemochromatosisd) homozygous

3) The various layers of tissue in the digestive tract include:a) the mucosa, submucosa, circular and longitudinal muscle, and the serosa.b) the mucosa, submucosa, and the serosa.c) the mucosa, submucosa and a layer of smooth muscled) none of the above

4) Type of digestion:a) mechanical b) chemical c) a and bd) none of the above

5) Absorption occurs primarily in the___________.a) large intestineb) small intestinec) stomachd) pancreas

6) A series of coordinated muscle contractions is:a) refluxb) homeostasisc) peristalsisd) none of the above

7) The stomach can hold approximately _____ L of food.a) 1b) 2c) 1.5d) 2.5

8) Gastric glands in the stomach lining contain cells that secrete:a) HCLb) pepsinogenc) chymed) a and be) a and cTrue or False Questions:

1) The stomach acts as a reservoir to receive all the food at once. (T)

2) Chyme is a thick layer of smooth muscle. (F)

3) Stomach ulcers are very common disorders. (T)

4) The small intestine consists of four consecutive sections. (F)

5) The lining of the small intestine has finger-like extensions of the mucosa called villi. (T)

6) Defecation is controlled by two anal sphincters and occurs usually once or twice a day in humans. (T)

8.1 Nutrition

Multiple Choice Questions

1) The amount of energy that different people require depends on:a) their level of activityb) their specific medicationsc) whether they are male or femaled) all of the above

2) Any substance that has a useful function when taken up by body cells is:a) carbohydratesb) nutrientsc) caloriesd) proteins

3) The metric unit used to measure energy is a ________.a) metreb) wattc) jouled) volt

4) Many food companies still recognize and use the _______ as a unit of measurement.a) jouleb) metrec) carbohydrate d) calorie

5)A calorie is a unit of ________.

a) heatb) energyc) measurementd) carbohydrates

6) All food substances can be divided into:a) organic and inorganic groupsb) lipid and carbohydrate groupsc) carbohydrate and protein groupsd) none of the above

7) Some organic components of food include:a) fats and mineralsb) vitamins and carbohydratesc) proteins and waterd) all of the above

8) Vitamins and minerals are called___________.a) macronutrients b) micronutrientsc) roughaged) none of the above

True or False Questions:

1) Carbohydrates are organic compounds made of only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (T)

2) Common examples of carbohydrates include starches, sugars and cellulose. (T)

3) Glucose is a simple, double unit or dissacharide. (F)

4) Cellulose is a polysaccharide found in the cell wall of plants. (T)

5) Fats surround nerves and help them deliver signals quickly and accurately. (T)

6) Proteins are the second most important compounds for providing structure within the body. (F)

7) Most vitamins act as coenzymes. (T)

8) Extracellular fluid helps to carry away metabolic wastes. (T)

9) Anorexia and bulimia are not categorized as eating disorders. (F)

7. Gills are found in?a) Fishb) Goatc) Dogd) Lion

8. What is the job of gills?a) allows water to go throughb) specialize in gas exchangec) allows food to go throughd) None of the above

9. Spiracles are found in?a) Fishb) Peacockc) Frogd) Insects

10. Grasshoppers have enlargements at the end of their tracheal

Tube is called:a) Air sacsb) Sacsc) Air passerd) None of the above

11. How many gills arches are in fish’s body?

a) Twob) Fourc) Sixd) Eight

12. Each gill filament contains many flat structures called:a) Operculab) Gill archesc) Lamellaed) Tracheal tube

ANSWERS:7. A8. B9. D10. A11. B12. C

1. The organ of gas exchange in the plant is the leaf. TRUE / FALSE

2. Birds have the same gas exchange as human. TRUE / FALSE

3. In birds, during the exhalations, both sets of air sacs deflate. TRUE / FLASE

4. There are eight gills arches in fish’s body. TRUE / FALSE

4. The grasshopper exchanges gas through the air sacs. TRUE / FALSE

5. Earthworm uses its skin for gas exchange. TRUE / FALSE

ANSWERS:

7. TRUE8. FALSE9. TRUE10. FALSE11. FALSE12. TRUE