2- virtual reality history

8/3/2019 2- Virtual Reality History

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CS6360 Virtual RealityDavid Johnson

Virtual Reality HistoryVirtual Reality History


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First, some class stuffFirst, some class stuff

Paper critique on FridayPaper critique on Friday

Look on web pageLook on web page


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Todays GoalsTodays Goals

Provide some historical context.Provide some historical context.

Where did VR technology come from?Where did VR technology come from?

What applications drove its development?What applications drove its development?

Who are some luminaries in the field?Who are some luminaries in the field?


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Early HistoryEarly History

Remarkably, VR concepts predateRemarkably, VR concepts predate

computer graphics and modern VR (HMD,computer graphics and modern VR (HMD,

tracking, etc.) arose simultaneously withtracking, etc.) arose simultaneously with

computer imagery.computer imagery.


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Early History ContdEarly History Contd

PrehistoryPrehistory Cave paintingsCave paintings

Some researchers believe that theSome researchers believe that theimages animate when shown withimages animate when shown withflickering torch light!flickering torch light!

3000BC3000BC -- EgyptiansEgyptians

First lensesFirst lenses

3000BC3000BC Asian shadow playAsian shadow play

~450BC~450BC Mo TzuMo Tzu

Pinhole projection onto screenPinhole projection onto screen

~300BC~300BC EuclidEuclid

WritesWrites The OpticsThe Optics

200AD in China or200AD in China or

15151515 Da VinciDa Vinci

Magic lantern projector?Magic lantern projector?From http://www.precinemahistory.net


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16711671 KircherKircher

Magic lanternMagic lantern

A laterA laterexampleexample

16741674 de Chalesde Chales

Successive glass slidesSuccessive glass slides

1830s1830s --StroboscopeStroboscope

18381838 WheatstoneWheatstone

Stereo viewerStereo viewer

From http://www.precinemahistory.net


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1860s1860s zoetropezoetrope

18791879 ZoopraxiscopeZoopraxiscope

Painted images on discPainted images on disc

MoviesMovies 18881888 first moviefirst movie 1895: Skladanowsky1895: Skladanowsky

BioscopBioscop

1895: Lumiere1895: Lumiere CinematographeCinematographe

1896: Edison1896: Edison VitascopeVitascope

19021902 special effectsspecial effects

A Trip to the MoonA Trip to the Moon

start 8:38start 8:38

From http://www.precinemahistory.net


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19161916 PrattPratt

HeadHead--mountedmounted

periscope display andperiscope display and

gungun

Augmented realityAugmented reality

precursorprecursor


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19291929 LinkLink

Mechanical flightMechanical flight

simulatorsimulator


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19561956 HeiligHeilig

SensoramaSensorama http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSINEBZNCkshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSINEBZNCks

Multimodal display of aMultimodal display of a

motorcycle ride throughmotorcycle ride throughBrooklynBrooklyn

SightSight

SoundSound

SmellSmell

VibrationVibration

1957 HMD patent1957 HMD patent


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19611961 PhilcoPhilco

Telepresence with aTelepresence with a

HMDHMD

Remote cameraRemote camera

Magnetic head trackerMagnetic head tracker

Single CRTSingle CRT


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Birth of Modern VRBirth of Modern VR

19631963 SutherlandSutherland

Interactive graphicsInteractive graphics

SketchpadSketchpad

19651965

Ultimate display paperUltimate display paper

19681968

A HeadA Head--mounted Threemounted Three--

Dimensional DisplayDimensional Display

19701970 KruegerKrueger VideoplaceVideoplace -- moviemovie

19741974 Jim ClarkJim Clark

Ph.D. on HMDsPh.D. on HMDs


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The Next WaveThe Next Wave

1980s1980s ScottScott

Fisher (NASAFisher (NASA--

Ames)Ames)

VIEW projectVIEW project

moviesmovies startstart2:052:05

1980s1980s JaronJaron

LanierLanier

Virtual RealityVirtual Reality

Tom FurnessTom Furness

Super cockpitSuper cockpit


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More displaysMore displays

90s90s -- FakespaceFakespace

boomboom

High resolutionHigh resolution

ergonomicergonomic


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ForceForce--feedback Interfacesfeedback Interfaces

Haptic Display Grope III

Fred Brooks, University of North Carolina

The Force-Feedback Project, which began in 1967, first

focused on the development of a system to support

scientific visualization in the area of molecular docking,

the Docker application. This application provides graphic

(wire-frame) representations of molecules and their inter-

atomic forces to allow a user to adjust the relative position

and orientation of molecules while searching for minimum

energy binding sites.

A series of systems have been developed, evolving from a

2-D system, through a 3-D system and a 6-D system for a

simple docking task, to a full 6-D molecular dockingsystem called GROPE-III. These later systems have

employed a modified Model E-3 Argonne Remote

Manipulator (ARM).


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GlovesGloves

19771977 SayreSayre Light tube attenuationLight tube attenuation

to measure bendto measure bend

19811981 Grimes (Bell)Grimes (Bell) Bend, tactile sensorsBend, tactile sensors

19841984 VPLVPL VPL DataGloveVPL DataGlove

1993 Utah/MIT1993 Utah/MIT

Dextrous Hand MasterDextrous Hand Master(Hollerbach)(Hollerbach)

Dextrous Hand Master, Exos


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CAVE displaysCAVE displays

19921992 EVLEVL

Users in a projectedUsers in a projected

roomroom

CAVE movieCAVE movie


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CAVE displaysCAVE displays

CyberSphere (1998)

The scientists Eyre and Eureka in VR-Systems UK

have been researching a CyberSphere, a device,

which consists of a large, translucent spherecontaining the user.

The images are distortion-corrected and then

projected on the surface of the sphere, allowing the

user a full 360 degree field of view.

It also allows the user to move around in the world,

by walking inside the ball, which will move in

response to the users movements.

Movie

VR-Systems, United Kingdom


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CompaniesCompanies

19841984 VPLVPL

19871987 PolhemusPolhemus

19891989 DivisionDivision

Bought tech from UNCBought tech from UNC--CHCH

19891989 MattelMattel

Nintendo powergloveNintendo powerglove

19901990 WW

VR arcadeVR arcade


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Current CompaniesCurrent Companies

SensicsSensics

IntersenseIntersense

RaytheonRaytheon

NintendoNintendo TrackTrack--IRIR


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SummarySummary

Entertainment has often drivenEntertainment has often driven

immersive advancesimmersive advances

The dream of a VR space has a longThe dream of a VR space has a long

historyhistory HighHigh--quality elements of VR are nowquality elements of VR are now

consumer productsconsumer products

2- virtual reality history

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