2 wave properties - jeanie gist dot com - welcome to ms...

MAIN IDEAWrite the Main Idea for this lesson.

Recall and write the definition of the Review Vocabulary term.

period

Use your book to fill in the blanks below.

Types of waves A is a disturbance that carries energy

through matter or space without transferring matter. There are several

types of waves. A is a wave that disturbs the

particles in the medium perpendicular to the direction of the wave’s

travel. A is a wave that disturbs the particles

in the medium and the disturbances continue at a constant rate.

A is a wave in which the disturbance is parallel

to the direction of the wave’s travel. A is a wave

in which the medium’s particles follow a circular path that is at times

parallel to the direction of travel and at other times perpendicular to the

direction of wave travel. A is a single bump or

disturbance that travels through a medium.

Wave properties The low point on a transverse wave is called the

. The high point on a transverse wave is called the

. The shortest distance between points where the wave

pattern repeats itself is called the . The

of a wave is the number of complete oscillations

a point on that wave makes each second.

REVIEW VOCABULARY period

14 Vibrations and Waves2 Wave Properties

NEW VOCABULARY

wave

wave pulse

transverse wave

periodic wave

longitudinal wave

surface wave

trough

crest

wavelength

frequency

7(A), 7(B), 7(C)

Science Notebook • Vibrations and Waves219

Program: TX HS Science Component: PPP SCI NTBKPDF PASS

Vendor: LASERWORDS Grade: N/A

in any periodic motion, the amount of time required for an object

to repeat one complete cycle of motion

Waves transfer energy without transferring matter.

wave

transverse wave

periodic wave

longitudinal wave

surface wave

wave pulse

trough

crest

wavelength

frequency

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2 Wave Properties (continued)

Compare and contrast how transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves disturb particles by completing the table below.

Transverse Waves Longitudinal Waves Surface Waves

All three types of waves

GET IT? Predict the factor by which the energy transfer per unit time increases if the amplitude of a wave is tripled.

GET IT? Summarize how changing a wave’s amplitude, frequency, or wavelength affects its speed.

Explain how frequency is related to the period of a wave.

Write the equation used to find wavelength below and explain what each term means.

λ =

Student Edition, pp. 388–391




disturbs the particles

in a circular path


perpendicular to the

direction the wave is

traveling


parallel to the

direction the wave

is traveling

All of these waves are disturbances that

carry energy through matter or space without transferring matter.

If the amplitude of the wave is tripled, then the energy per second is

increased by a factor of 32 or 9.

Changing a wave’s amplitude, frequency, or wavelength does not affect

a wave’s speed.

The frequency of a wave is equal to the reciprocal of the period.

the wave’s speed

the wavelength

v

f the wave’s frequency

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TRY IT!

ProblemCHARACTERISTICS OF A WAVE A sound wave has a frequency of 184 Hz and travels the length of a stadium, 125 m, in 0.325 s.

a. What is the speed of the wave?

b. What is the wavelength of the wave?

c. What is the period of the wave?

d. If the frequency were changed to 475 Hz, what would be the new wavelength and period?

1. ANALYZE AND SKETCH THE PROBLEM

KNOWNS

f = Δd =

Δt = f2 =

UNKNOWNS

= ?

= ?

= ?

= ?

= ?

2. SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN

a. Use the definition of velocity.

b. Use the relationship between wave velocity, wavelength, and frequency.

Student Edition, p. 392

Use with Example Problem 3.

Use this column for

scratch work and

sketches.




184 Hz

v

λ2

λ T

T2

125 m

0.325 s 475 Hz

v = Δd _ Δt

= 125 m _ 0.325 s

= 385 m/s

λ = v _ f = 385 m/s _

184 Hz = 2.09 m

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TRY IT! (CONTINUED)

c. Use the relationship between period and frequency.

d. Use the relationship between wave speed, frequency, and wavelength and the relationship between period and frequency.

3. EVALUATE THE ANSWER

• Are the units correct?

SUMMARIZE

How does the MAINIDEA for this section relate to the chapter’s BIGIDEA?

REVIEW IT!

26. MAINIDEA Suppose you and your lab partner are asked to demonstrate that a transverse wave transports energy without transferring matter. How could you do it?


Student Edition, p. 392




T = 1 _ f = 1 _

184 Hz = 0.00543 s

λ2 = v _ f2

= 385 m/s _ 475 Hz

= 0.811 m

T2 = 1 _ f2

= 1 _ 475 Hz

= 0.00211 s

which is the correct units for wavelength.

1 Hz equivalent to 1 s−1, so

( m _ s ) /Hz = ( m _ s ) s = m,

Waves are examples of periodic motion and waves transfer energy without transferring matter.

Loosely tie a piece of yarn somewhere near the middle of a rope. With your partner holding one end

of the rope, shake the other end up and down to create a transverse wave. Note that while the wave

moves down the rope, the yarn moves up and down but stays in the same place on the rope.

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27. Wave Characteristics You are creating transverse waves on a rope by shaking your hand from side to side. Without changing the distance your hand moves, you begin to shake it faster and faster. What happens to the amplitude, wavelength, frequency, period, and velocity of the wave?

28. Longitudinal Waves Describe longitudinal waves. What types of mediums transmit longitudinal waves?

29. Speeds in Different Mediums If you pull on one end of a coiled spring toy, does the pulse reach the other end instantaneously? What happens if you pull on a rope? What happens if you hit the end of a metal rod? Compare the pulses traveling through these three materials.

30. Critical Thinking If a raindrop falls into a pool, it produces waves with small amplitudes. If a swimmer jumps into a pool, he or she produces waves with large amplitudes. Why doesn’t the heavy rain in a thunderstorm produce large waves?





The amplitude and velocity remain unchanged, but the frequency increases while the period and

wavelength decrease.

In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium vibrate in a direction parallel to the motion of the

wave. Nearly all mediums—solids, liquids, and gases—transmit longitudinal waves.

It takes time for the pulse to reach the other end in each case. It travels faster on the rope than on the

spring, and fastest in the metal rod.

The swimmer’s energy is transferred to the water in a small space over a short time, whereas the

raindrops’ energy is spread out in area and time.

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