20 century - shsd.k12.pa.us · john cage • september 5, 1912-august 12, 1992 • american...
TRANSCRIPT
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20th Century
1900-1999
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General Characteristics
• Great depression
• Collapse of many empires
• World Wars
• Mass media
– Technology
• Inventions
– Automobile
• Scientific discoveries
– Theory of relativity
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Characteristics of 20th Century Artwork
• Expressionism
• Cubism
• Abstract
Horses by Senaka Senanayake
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Kimberly Conrad- moving metals 5-2-2011
Abstract expressionism
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Franz Marc (1880-1916) “Piggies”
Cubism
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Differences?
Romantic Art (Top)Eldena Ruin by Casper David Friedrich
1825
20th century Art
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Important people of the 20th century• Albert Einstein, Germany
– Developed theory of relativity
• Winston Churchill
– British politician
• Amelia Earhart
– Fly solo across Atlantic ocean
• Henry Ford
– Assembly line
• Wright Brothers
– The first successful airplane
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Musical Developments
• Electronic music
• Expressionism
• Serialism
– 12 tone row
• Music concrete
– Using recorded sounds as raw material
• Impressionism
– Whole tone and pentatonic scales
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Atonality
• When a piece of music is not centered around
a key signature.
• “no home base”
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Serialism
• Using all 12 notes of a scale in a piece of music
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Differences with Romantic and 20th
Century MusicRomantic 20th Century
Melody Often lyrical, long irregular
phrases
Wide variety, very disjunct
Harmony Increased use of modulation Atonal
Rhythm Frequent change in meters
with different movements
Prominent and complicated
Form Same as classical but
expanded
All previous forms changed
Texture Homophonic Homophonic, Pointillism
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Technology in music
• New instruments-Synthesizers
– Many sounds
• Recorded music
– Edit recording speed up or slow down the music
• Downloaded music
– Travels quickly
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Impressionism
• Suggests atmosphere
• Music painted an unclear imagine in the listeners
imagination
• Claude Debussy
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Prepared piano
• Sound altered by placing objects between or on
the strings, the hammers or dampers
• John Cage
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Whole tone scale• Each note is separated from its neighbor note
by a whole step.
• Eliminates major/minor system
• The Simpsons Theme
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Igor Stravinsky
• June 5, 1882- April 6, 1971
• Born in Russia, moved to
France then moved to
America
• Buried in Venice Italy
• Author of several books
• Famous work
– Rite of Spring Ballet
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Arnold Schoenberg
• September 13, 1874- July 13
1951
• Austrian composer
• Used atonality
• Developed serialism
• Also a painter and music
theorist
• Teacher of John Cage
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Aaron Copland
• November 14, 1900-
December 2, 1990
• American Composer, born in
Brooklyn
• Wrote music for Hollywood in
the 1930’s
• Most famous works
– Appalachian Spring
– Fanfare for the Common Man
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Phillip Glass
• January 31, 1937
• American composer, Baltimore
• Composer of Art music and
minimalism
• Most famous work
– Einstein on the beach
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John Cage• September 5, 1912- August 12,
1992
• American composer and music theorist
• Innovator of electroacoustic music
• Innovator of prepared piano
• Most famous work
– Sonatas and Interludes- prepared piano
– 4’ 33’’
(The sounds of the environment surrounding the performance is important to live music)
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Charles Ives
• October 20, 1874- May 19,
1954
• American Composer
• Insurance salesmen
• Innovator of polytonality, and
polyrhythm
• Used hymns, and traditional
songs in an untraditional way.
• Most famous work
– The unanswered question
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Famous 20th century Composers in order of birth
Schoenberg
Charles Ives
Stravinsky
Copeland
Cage
Glass
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20th Century Instruments
• String
– Electric Guitar
• Woodwind
– Ewi
• Brass
– Euphonium
• Keyboard
– Synthesizer
• Percussion
– Drum Set
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Listening example 1
• Composer: John Cage
• Title: “Sonatas and interludes for prepared
piano”
• Date: 1946-1948
• Texture: Homophonic
• Form: Free
• Additional information: instruction manual on
where to place bolts, screws and other objects
in piano.
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Listening example 2
• Composer: Phillip Glass
• Title: “Einstein on the beach”
• Date: 1976
• Texture: Homophonic
• Form: Opera
• Additional Information: First famous opera
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Listening Example 3
• Composer: Aaron Copland
• Title: “Simple gifts” from Appalachian
Spring
• Date: 1944
• Texture: Homophonic
• Form: Ballet
• Additional Information: originally written
for orchestra, later transcribe for band