20 min bridge
TRANSCRIPT
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The 1966 Forth Road Bridge cost £20 million
Inflated to the year 2016the bridge should cost under £400 million
So why was it price at over £4,200 million? d
The Forth Replacement Crossing (FRC) is to be completed in 2016
Not the longest Around 25th from the top
Not the widest deck Others have 6 and 8 lanes
Not the longest span Around 7th from the top
Not the highest Millau bridge is 4 times higher
Not the most towers Only 3 , the Millau has 7
Not the longest viaducts Many are MILES long
Not environmentally difficult No earthquakes/ tornados
Issue 5a 12/10/2009 [email protected]
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First – a wee bit history
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ONLY SEVENTEEN MSPs TURNED UP
15th January 2009 - Forth Replacement Crossing Debate –
Scotland’s biggest ever project.
4th April 2000 – Holyrood Building Debate –
A presentation was arranged prior to the debate
ONLY SIXTEEN MSPs TURNED UP
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SECTION 1
World Bridge Graphs
3
FORTH REPLACEMENT CROSSINGThe MULTIMODAL option cost
£4.22 Billion
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Cable Stayed Bridge
4
Towers
Stays
MULTIMODAL - Road & Tram
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NOTE :
COSTSINFLATED TO
2016
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COST of VARIOUS TYPES TYPES OF WORLD BRIDGES -£M
The FRC was the world’s most expensive bridge.
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£1,000
£1,500
£2,000
£2,500
£3,000
£3,500
£4,000
£4,500
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£
84
£10
2 £
106
£13
6 £
146
£16
3 £
198
£31
9 £
357
£36
7 £
392
£49
7 £
498
£51
0 £
561
£56
7 £
576
£79
6 £
854
£94
1 £
1,08
1 £
1,08
1
£4,050
£4,109 £4,220
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7Sk
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Bill Em
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Millau Viad
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2,000
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3,000
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36
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102
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163 31
9
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392 49
7 561
567
576
796 94
1 1,08
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4,220
FRC
COST of ONLY CABLE STAYED BRIDGES -£M
Again – the FRC isby far the most costly
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Hangzo
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Runyan
Donghai
Vasco da G
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Oresund Pro
ject
Panan
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Bob Graham
Sutong
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Arthur R
aven
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Akash
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Rio- Antirri
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Veteran
's Glas
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QEII TH
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Millau Viad
uct
Humber
Pont de N
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dieTa
tara
Clark B
ridge
Hardan
ger
Bill Em
erson
Skarn
sund (N
K)
Vidyasag
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Zakim
Bridge
-
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
37.00
35.66
32.50
17.20
16.40
13.50
8.85
8.21
5.13
4.02
3.91
2.88
2.70 2.68
2.66
2.46
2.22 2.14
1.48 1.41
1.38
1.20
1.01
0.82
0.44 KmCOMPARATIVE LENGTH of WORLD BRIDGES
The FRC is tiny: a mere 25th in world ranking..
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Tatar
a
Skarn
sund (N
K)
Panan
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Bob Graham
Vasco da G
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Veteran
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QEII TH
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Bill Em
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Clark B
ridge
Seve
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Arthur R
aven
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Millau Viad
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Sutong
Rio- Antirri
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Zakim
Bridge
Pont de N
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rth £-
£200
£400
£600
£800
£1,000
£1,200
£1,400
£1,600
£1,800
£5 £34 £35
£40 £53
£55 £59
£67 £72
£93 £94 £125
£132 £193 £226
£255
£1,563
FRC
COST OF BRIDGES PER METRE LENGTH -£100K
The average cost is under £200K per metre
The FRC was £1 ½ million pounds per metre
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3.5.3 What They Typically CostThe typical cost of a cable stayed bridge ranges from $4,500 to $5,000 per Square metre
The FRC cost was $64,500 per square metre
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011
1 Japan’s Pearl Bridge
2 Sweden/Denmark’s -Oresund Crossing
3 Scotland’s Multimodal FRC
The world has only had THREE £4 Billion crossings
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The Pearl Bridge Japan Opened in 1998 for $4,300
The world’s longest suspension bridge -3,910 m
Earthquakes (8.5 Richter scale) –TMD pendulums
Tornadoes (180mph) – hinged-girder system
Fierce sea currents
Why is it so expensive
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THE ORESUND CROSSING
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The largest/longest Multimodal crossing ever built
SECTION 2
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The Oresund Crossing
Forth Bridge
The Oresund ProjectThis Megastructure links Sweden & Denmark
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Artificial Island
Road & RailTunnel
4050 metres
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Road & RailBridge 7,850 metres
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1616.4 Km
The Oresund CrossingSuperimposed in Fife
From South Queensferry to Kelty
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An artificial island constructed to join the tunnel and the bridge
The Island is some 4 Km long
The FRC is 2.7Km long
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An artificial island had to be constructed across the water to join the tunnel and the bridge
The Island is some 4 Km long
The FRC is 2.7Km long
A 4 km tunnel for shipping access
The Tunnel has road and rail
It is submerged into the dredged sea bed.
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The BridgeRoad & Rail (multimodal)
The world’s longest - 5 MILES
3 times longer than the FRC
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The Oresund Crossing cost £4.1 Billion *The Forth Crossing cost was priced at £4.2 Billion
The Oresund Project took 5 ½ years; and the FRC???
5 ½ years
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Professor John Kay.
Do you know this man?
Chosen Financial Adviserto the
SCOTTISHGOVERNMENT.
Public lecture – Sept 2007 on the FRC
“Expressed astonishment”
“..more than 4 times the final cost of the Oresund bridge”
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SECTION 3
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THE SEVERN BRIDGE
The multimodal option was dropped in Dec 2008
We can compare now compare it with a similar UK crossing
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FROM £4.22 billion
to
£2.34 billion
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AN EXCELLENT COMPARISON
Both UK projects
Similar environments – over water etc.
Contemporary projects
Cable Stayed structures
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COMPARING THE FRC WITH THE SEVERN BRIDGE
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025
The 2016 cost is £810 Million*
The 1964 bridge cost £10 Million
The 1996 bridge cost £480 Million
Second Severn Crossing
*Transport Scotland have it at £890 million
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026
Second Severn Crossing
Did the Welsh get value for money at £810 million
The average cost per metre is £200k, this is £150k
The average cost per sq metre is £4.5k, this is £4.5k
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027
The Original Forth Bridge was built in 1966 costing £20MAt current costs - £300M The FRC is 8% longer – equates to £ 324MSo where do they arrive at £2,3400M???
The 2016 cost is £2,340 Million
The 1966 bridge cost £20 Million
A pro-rate 2016 bridge should cost under £500 Million
FORTH REPLACEMENT CROSSING
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FORTH REPLACEMENT CROSSING
028
Are the Scots getting value for money at £2320 million?
The average cost per metre is £200k, this is £850k
The average cost per sq metre is £4.5k, this is £32k
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029
Lengthm
Forth 2700Severn 5200
Lanes
46
RoadsKm4
18.5
BuildTime5.54
Cost£m
2,340810
Second Severn Crossing FORTH REPLACEMENT CROSSING
TWICE THE SIZE – A THIRD OF THE PRICE
….Transport Scotland has hit back …
THEIR ANALYSIS IS
“SUPERFICIAL and “MISLEADING”
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Finally a look at other world bridges.
SECTION 4WORLD BRIDGES
Is the FRC really so expensive?
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Q E II Bridge DARTFORD
Opened in 1991 at a cost of £86Million
031
Lengthm
Lanes Towers BuildTime
Cost2016
Q E II 2877 4 2 3 £139mForth 2700 4 3 5.5 £2,340m
10% longer and only 6% of the cost of the FRCThe Forth Bridge Engineering management contract alone cost £100M?
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MILLAU VIADUCTFrance
Opened in 2004at a cost of
€350m
032
Lengthm
Lanes Towers BuildTime
Cost2016
Millau 2460 4 7 3 £400mForth 2700 4 3 5.5 £2,340m
Highest Bridge in the world – over 270 metres high – 7 remarkable towers.Broke many world records in technology
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VASCO de GAMAOpened in 1998
at a cost of $1000m
033
Lengthm
Lanes Towers BuildTime
Cost2016
Vasco de Gama
17200 6 2 1.5 £941m
Forth 2700 4 3 5.5 £2,340m
18 months in construction. 6 lanes & 10 miles long.ALL FOR 40% OF THE COST
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STONECUTTERS FRC
Carries Dual 3-lane highway Dual 3-lane highway
Designer ARUP ARUP
Design Cable-stayed bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge
Total length 1,600 m 2,700 m
Height 75 m Estimated 50 m
Longest span 1,018 m 1,300 m
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STONECUTTERS BRIDGE HONG KONG
THE SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT USED THIS BRIDGE FOR COST DATA
Stonecutters costs are ALL INCLUSIVEProfitContingenciesFinancingRiskTaxes
Stonecutter’s crossing £245 million
..Transport Scotland...the price compared favourably with other similar structures……..
Forth replacement crossing . £2,340 million
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Why was it rejected ?
SECTION 5THE TUNNEL OPTION
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This detailed 80 page report was commission to examine FRC options
FORTH ESTUARY TRANSPORT AUTHORITYSecond Forth Road Crossing Consolidated report Jan 2005 FABER MAUNSELL
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CONCLUSION
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“....more expensive than a bridge...”
£598M
Moving forward from Jan 2005 to Dec 2007 this cost rose
TENFOLD………
Don’t believe it ? Read on…
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• · Cable-stayed bridge £4.2 billion• · Suspension bridge £4.7 billion• · Bored Tunnel £6.6 billion
Finance and Sustainable Growth Secretary
John SwinneyScottish Parliament
Wednesday, December 19, 2007
Do you know what the Eurotunnel cost??
I have set out the cost estimates for the options…..
Eurotunnel -26 mile sea crossing
FRC -1 mile river crossing
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THE RIVER FORTH
CHANNEL TUNNEL
£6.6 Billion
£10.2 Billion
50 Km
8 Km
NOT ONE PARLIAMENTARIAN QUESTIONED THIS !!!!!
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SECTION 6COSTING HISTORY
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No Date Source Cost
2 Jan 05 Faber and Maunsell £500 m
1 Jun 04 FETA £500 m
3 Feb 07 Scottish Government £1,000+ m
4 Dec 07 Scottish Government £2,790 to £3,630 m
5 Jan 08 Scottish Government £3,250 to £4.220 m
WHY??
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What should it cost?
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Based on inflation only with the existing Forth Road Bridge £360 million
Based on the average cost ofCable Stayed Bridges £396 million
Based on the average cost permetre £440 million
Based on original Government estimates £500 million
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“Facts do not cease to exist because they are ignored.”
Aldous Huxley