20 presentation chps cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Cogeneration Technologies and Its Environmental Benefits
Cogeneration Technologies and Its Environmental Benefits
Seminar on “COGEN 3: A Business Facilitator”
30 August 2002Singapore
22 August 2002Cebu, Philippines20 August 2002Bangkok, Thailand
2-3 September 2002Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
28-29 August 2002Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
20-21 August 2002Manila, Philippines
30-31 August 2002Hanoi, Vietnam
26-27 August 2002Jakarta, Indonesia22-23 August 2002Phnom Penh, Cambodia
![Page 2: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Outline
1. Cogeneration
2. Steam Turbine Cogeneration
3. Gas Turbine Cogeneration
4. Combined Cycle Cogeneration
5. Gas Engine Cogeneration
6. Steam Engine Cogeneration
7. Cogeneration Case Studies
8. Environmental Benefits of Cogeneration
![Page 3: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Cogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• Sequential generation of two different forms of useful energy using a single primary energy source
• Most usual:
– electrical (or mechanical)
– thermal: heating or cooling
![Page 4: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Benefits of Cogeneration
• Lower primary energy consumption
• Reduced energy bills
• No transmission and distribution losses
• Less burden on national government for power generation
• Less environmental pollution
![Page 5: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Conventional Power Generation vsCogeneration
Conventional system
Cogeneration system
![Page 6: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Efficiency Comparison between Cogeneration and Separate Production of Electricity and Heat
(Numbers below arrows represent units of energy in typical values)Source: The European Educational Tool on Cogeneration, 2nd ed., December 2001
Power Plant
Boiler
Cogeneration System
Fuel
Fuel
100
100
Electricity36
Heat80
55
Fuel
100
Separate Production of Electricity and Heat
Cogeneration Electricity
Heat
Total efficiency: η = 36 + 80 = 0.58 200
Total efficiency: η = 30 + 55 = 0.85 100
30
![Page 7: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Typical Cogeneration Performance Parameters
78 – 8126 – 31 10 – 20 MWLarger Gas Turbines
74 – 81 24 – 31 800 – 10,000 kWSmaller Gas Turbines
Up to 80*17 – 34 10 – 100 MW Steam Turbines
76 – 86 26 – 36 500 – 3,000 kWLarger Reciprocating Gas Engines
74 – 82 20 – 32 10 – 500 kWSmaller Reciprocating Gas Engines
Overall Cogeneration
Electrical Conversion
Nominal Range (Electrical)
Prime Mover in Cogeneration Package
Efficiencies %
NOTE: Adapted from Cogeneration Handbook California Energy Commission, 1982* taken from Cogeneration Guide Cogen Europe
![Page 8: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Characteristics of an Ideal Cogeneration Facility
• Reliable power requirement
• Utilisation of higher thermal energy (kWth) than electricity (kWe)
• Quite stable load patterns of thermal energy and electricity
• Long operating hours
• High price of grid electricity or inaccessibility to grid
![Page 9: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Typical Cogeneration Applications
• Industrial cogeneration
wood and agro-industries, food processing, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, oil refinery, textile industry, steel industry, cement industry, glass industry, ceramic industry
• Residential/commercial/institutional cogeneration
hospitals, schools & universities, hotels, houses & apartments, stores & supermarkets, office buildings
![Page 10: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Steam Turbine Cogeneration
![Page 11: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Steam Turbine Cogeneration
Principle
![Page 12: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Boiler∗ Fixed grate boiler∗ Inclined grate boiler∗ Travelling grate boiler∗ Vibrating grate boiler∗ Fluidised bed boiler∗ Circulated fluidised bed boiler
• TurbineBack pressure turbineExtraction condensing turbine
• Generator• Condenser • Feed water pump
Steam Turbine CogenerationMain Elements
![Page 13: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Appropriate for sites where
• Electrical base load is over 250 kWe
• High pressure process steam is required
• Cheap, low-premium fuel is available
• High grade process waste heat is available
• Existing boiler plant is in need of replacement
Steam Turbine CogenerationApplication
![Page 14: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Section Through of a Steam Turbine of Higher Output
![Page 15: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Biomass, solid waste
• Coal
• Natural gas
• Petroleum
• Others: basically every fuel that can be burnt in a boiler
Steam Turbine Cogeneration
Possible Fuels
![Page 16: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Versatility of fuel• Well-established technology• Flexibility in the size of plants
Disadvantages
• Low electrical plant efficiency• Low part load performance• High operating cost
Steam Turbine Cogeneration
Advantages
![Page 17: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Gas Turbine Cogeneration
![Page 18: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Gas Turbine Cogeneration
Basics
• Fuel is burnt in a pressurised combustion chamber using combustion air supplied by a compressor
• Conversion of mechanical energy (turbine) into electrical energy with the help of the generator.
• Utilisation of gases escaping from the turbine for heat supply.
![Page 19: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Gas Turbine Cogeneration
Principle
![Page 20: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Suitable if
• Power demand is continuous and over 1 MWe
• Natural gas is available (though not a limiting factor)
• There is high demand for medium/high pressure steam or hot water, particularly at temperature higher than 140 °C
Gas Turbine Cogeneration
Application
![Page 21: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Section Through of a Gas Turbine of Higher Output
![Page 22: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Gas
• Petroleum
– Kerosene
– Light oil
– Diesel oil
• Gasification of coal
Gas Turbine Cogeneration
Possible Fuels
![Page 23: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• High reliability• Wide fuel range capability• Relatively low investment cost per kW
electrical output• Low emission
Disadvantages• Poor efficiency at low loading (but can
operate continuously at low loads)• High maintenance cost• High fuel cost
Gas Turbine – Cogeneration
Advantages
![Page 24: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Combined Cycle Cogeneration
![Page 25: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Combined Steam-and-Gas Cycle Cogeneration
Principle
![Page 26: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Combined Steam-and-Gas Cycle Cogeneration
Possible Fuels
• Gas
• Petroleum
• Fuels obtained through gasification of biomass or coal
![Page 27: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• High electrical efficiency
Disadvantages
• Only suitable for high electrical output
• High operating cost
Combined Steam-and-Gas Cycle Cogeneration
Advantages
![Page 28: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Gas Engine Cogeneration
![Page 29: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Gas Engine CogenerationBasics
![Page 30: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Suitable for sites where
• Power or processes are cyclical or not continuous
• Low pressure steam or medium or low temperature hot water are required
• Low heat to power demand ratio
Gas Engine Cogeneration
Application
![Page 31: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
1. Compression-ignition (diesel) engines [100 kWe to 20 MWe]
2. Spark-ignition engines [3 kWe to 10 MWe]
Gas Engine Cogeneration
Main types
![Page 32: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Biogas
• Natural gas
• Gas oil
• Heavy fuel oil
Gas Engine Cogeneration
Possible Fuels
![Page 33: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• High power efficiency over a wide load range
• Relatively low investment cost per kWeelectrical output
• Multi-fuel capability• Low exhaust emission
Disadvantages
• High levels of low frequency noise
• High maintenance cost
Gas Engine Cogeneration
Advantages
![Page 34: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Steam Engine Cogeneration
![Page 35: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Steam Engine CogenerationBasics
![Page 36: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Steam Engine Cogeneration
• Steam throughput rates up to 40 tph
• Power outputs up to 1,500 kW
• Intake pressures from 6 to 60 bars
• Steam temperatures from saturated steam to 450 °C
• Back pressures up to 25 bars
![Page 37: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Steam Engine CogenerationPossible Fuels
• Coal
• Petroleum
• Biomass, garbage
• Others: basically every fuel is possible
Efficiency
• Electrical efficiency : 6 – 20%
• Overall efficiency : 80 – 90 %
![Page 38: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Long service life• Very good part-load performance• Mature technology
Disadvantages
• Low electrical plant efficiency
• Requires much maintenance work
• Noise intensive
Steam Engine Cogeneration
Advantages
![Page 39: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Cogeneration Case Studies
![Page 40: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
2.5 MW Cogeneration Plant
Cost : 3.60 M € (1997)
Steam boiler : • Reciprocating inclined grate type• Capacity: 17 tph, 35 bar, 420 oC
Customer : Chia Meng Co., Ltd., Thailand
Cogeneration Case Study (I)
A Rice Husk Fired Plant in Thailand
Turbine : 2.5 MW gross
![Page 41: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
![Page 42: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
![Page 43: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
![Page 44: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
![Page 45: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Uses • 6 x 35 MW gas turbine generators• 2 x 152 MW steam turbine generators• 2 x Circulating Fluidised Bed Boilers• 4 x Heat Recovery Units
• Primary fuels: • Natural gas • Indonesian bituminous coal
• Back-up fuel:
• Diesel oil
Cogeneration Case Study (II)
Hybrid Cogeneration Plant in Thailand
![Page 46: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Cost: approx. 600 M €
Product
• 514 MW electricity
• 200 tph steam (medium pressure)
• 150 m3/h demineralised water
Cogeneration Case Study (II)
Hybrid Cogeneration Plant in Thailand
![Page 47: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
![Page 48: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
![Page 49: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
![Page 50: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Environmental Benefits of Cogeneration
![Page 51: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
• Increased energy efficiency leads to less
emissions
• Less contribution to acid rain phenomenon
• Significant reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions
• Elimination of unwanted solid wastes
Environmental Benefits of Cogeneration
![Page 52: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Source: Joule Thermie, 1997
Environmental Benefits of Cogeneration
![Page 53: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
CO2, CH4 and N2O Direct Greenhouse Gas Effect
NOX and SOX Acid rain
CO Public health
Particulates Public health
CO, NOX and NMVOC Indirect Greenhouse Gas Effect
Emissions Associated with Cogeneration
![Page 54: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Cogeneration
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Cogeneration
CDM can be defined as
a mechanism under which developed countries can implement GHG mitigation projects in developing countries and acquire Certified Emission Reductions to meet a part of their commitments.
![Page 55: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
How does CDM work for Cogeneration?How does CDM work for Cogeneration?
If you are developing/implementing any project, such as cogeneration, which results in the global mitigation of Greenhouse Gas effect(caused by CO2, CH4 and N2O emission) then you could get a certificate for your emission mitigation (Certified Emission Reduction –CER).1 Unit = 1 ton of CO2 equivalent mitigation
![Page 56: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
This CER can be sold in the international market.
Current market price: 2 - 4 US$ / ton of CO2
equivalent
Expected to increase depending on the demand and supply
(continued)
How does CDM work for cogeneration?How does CDM work for cogeneration?
![Page 57: 20 Presentation CHPs cogen_tech_env_benefits 57pp.pdf](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022021321/577cc1821a28aba711933689/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
EC-ASEAN COGEN Programme Phase IIIClean Efficient Biomass, Coal, Gas Cogeneration
For more information on CDM…For more information on CDM…
• http://unfccc.int/cdm/ebhome.html
• http://www.undp.org/seed/eap/Climate_Change/CDM.html
• http://www.unido.org/knitt/
• http://unfccc.int/cdm/
• http://www.unctad.org/ghg/Projects/projects.htm
• http://www.ieta.org/
• http://www.itut.de/cdm/pages/aboutCDM_cycle.html