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20 20 th th Century Century Chapter 19 Chapter 19 United States United States Adventures in Time and Place Adventures in Time and Place

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20 th Century. Chapter 19 United States Adventures in Time and Place. The Rise of the Big Business. The Industrial Revolution and railroads helped our country grow. New inventions like the sewing machine continued to appear throughout the 1800s - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: 20 th  Century

2020thth Century Century

Chapter 19Chapter 19

United States United States

Adventures in Time and PlaceAdventures in Time and Place

Page 2: 20 th  Century

The Rise of the Big The Rise of the Big BusinessBusiness

The Industrial Revolution and The Industrial Revolution and railroads helped our country railroads helped our country grow. grow.

New inventions like the New inventions like the sewing machine continued to sewing machine continued to appear throughout the 1800sappear throughout the 1800s

Between 1891 and 1895, over Between 1891 and 1895, over 108,420 new inventions were 108,420 new inventions were created in the U.S.created in the U.S.

We became known as the We became known as the “invention capital of the “invention capital of the world.”world.”

Page 3: 20 th  Century

Inventions Change the Inventions Change the WorldWorld

Thomas Edison Thomas Edison produced over 1,000 produced over 1,000 inventions including inventions including motion pictures and motion pictures and phonographs. He also phonographs. He also invented the electric light invented the electric light bulb.bulb.

Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell was chiefly responsible was chiefly responsible for the first telephone.for the first telephone.

Page 4: 20 th  Century

The Steel The Steel IndustryIndustry

In the 1850’s a method of In the 1850’s a method of making steel more cheaply making steel more cheaply was discovered. was discovered.

Andrew Carnegie saw how Andrew Carnegie saw how important this new money-important this new money-saving method could be.saving method could be.

He built a steel mill near He built a steel mill near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

By 1900 Carnegie, once a By 1900 Carnegie, once a poor Scottish Immigrant, was poor Scottish Immigrant, was one of the richest men in the one of the richest men in the world.world.

After retiring he used his After retiring he used his money to build universities, money to build universities, hospitals, libraries, parks, hospitals, libraries, parks, museums, and concert halls museums, and concert halls throughout the U.S.throughout the U.S.

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Page 5: 20 th  Century

The Oil The Oil IndustryIndustry

In the 1860s Americans were In the 1860s Americans were beginning to drill for beginning to drill for petroleum, a fossil fuel.petroleum, a fossil fuel.

John D. Rockefeller learned John D. Rockefeller learned of a way to make kerosene of a way to make kerosene from petroleum.from petroleum.

It was cheap and soon It was cheap and soon replaced animal fat as a replaced animal fat as a source of fuel.source of fuel.

Rockefeller went into the oil-Rockefeller went into the oil-refining business, and he did refining business, and he did so very productively.so very productively.

In 1879 his company, In 1879 his company, Standard Oil, controlled about Standard Oil, controlled about 9/10 of the oil business in the 9/10 of the oil business in the U.S.U.S.

It had become a monopoly, or It had become a monopoly, or a company that controls an a company that controls an entire industry. A monopoly entire industry. A monopoly can charge higher prices can charge higher prices because there is little or no because there is little or no competition.competition.

Page 6: 20 th  Century

CorporationsCorporations A corporation is a large A corporation is a large

business that is owned business that is owned by people who invest by people who invest their money in the their money in the company.company.

Investors are called Investors are called shareholders because shareholders because they own a share of the they own a share of the company.company.

By the late 1800s more By the late 1800s more people worked in large people worked in large factories or mines run by factories or mines run by corporations than small corporations than small businesses or factories.businesses or factories.

Page 7: 20 th  Century

The Labor The Labor MovementMovement

Many of the industrial workers during Many of the industrial workers during this time period were immigrants. this time period were immigrants. Many immigrants were used to a lower Many immigrants were used to a lower standard of living, so they were often standard of living, so they were often willing to work for lower wages.willing to work for lower wages.

12 to 14 hr. days12 to 14 hr. days 6 days a week6 days a week Holidays and vacations were rare.Holidays and vacations were rare. Hot in summer, cold in winterHot in summer, cold in winter PollutionPollution Injuries on the jobInjuries on the job In 1911 a fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist In 1911 a fire in the Triangle Shirtwaist

factory in NY City took the lives of 146 factory in NY City took the lives of 146 women and girls. The sweatshop women and girls. The sweatshop owners said no to fire escapes, owners said no to fire escapes, sprinklers, and unlocked doors. 146 of sprinklers, and unlocked doors. 146 of the 500 employees had died.the 500 employees had died.

Children were often used in coal mines Children were often used in coal mines and cotton mills.and cotton mills.

FACT: As a general rule, the FLSA FACT: As a general rule, the FLSA sets 14 years of age as the minimum sets 14 years of age as the minimum age for employment, and limits the age for employment, and limits the number of hours worked by minors number of hours worked by minors under the age of 16. (2011)under the age of 16. (2011)

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Page 8: 20 th  Century

UnionsUnions To help solve problems with To help solve problems with

working conditions, workers working conditions, workers formed organizations called formed organizations called labor unions.labor unions.

United workers could get United workers could get more done.more done.

Business owners didn’t like Business owners didn’t like unions, and sometimes fired unions, and sometimes fired union members.union members.

Sometimes unions called for Sometimes unions called for a strike, which means the a strike, which means the workers refuse to work until workers refuse to work until the owners or bosses met the owners or bosses met their demands.their demands.

Strikebreakers were hired to Strikebreakers were hired to beat up strikers. Scabs were beat up strikers. Scabs were hired to take the place of hired to take the place of union members who were on union members who were on strike.strike.

Mary Harris Jones, known as Mary Harris Jones, known as “Mother” Jones helped pass a “Mother” Jones helped pass a law in Pennsylvania in 1905 law in Pennsylvania in 1905 that forbid children under 14 that forbid children under 14 from working.from working.

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Page 9: 20 th  Century

American Federation of American Federation of Labor (AFL)Labor (AFL)

Founded by Samuel Founded by Samuel Gompers.Gompers.

A federation is an A federation is an organization made up of organization made up of several groups that have a several groups that have a common goal.common goal.

They believed strikes were They believed strikes were important weapons in the important weapons in the struggle for workers’ rights.struggle for workers’ rights.

The AFL helped get laws The AFL helped get laws passed that shortened work passed that shortened work hours, ended child labor, and hours, ended child labor, and required employers to pay required employers to pay workers for injuries received workers for injuries received on the job.on the job. http://portrait.kaar.at/USA%202/

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Page 10: 20 th  Century

The Growing The Growing CitiesCities

Between 1870 and 1924 Between 1870 and 1924 nearly 26 million immigrants nearly 26 million immigrants entered the U.S.entered the U.S.

Italians were fleeing drought, Italians were fleeing drought, disease, and economic disease, and economic problems.problems.

Jews were fleeing religious Jews were fleeing religious persecution and poverty.persecution and poverty.

Irish were fleeing starvation Irish were fleeing starvation due to potato famine caused due to potato famine caused by an airborne fungus.by an airborne fungus.

Some spent their life savings Some spent their life savings to come over on dirty, to come over on dirty, overcrowded ships.overcrowded ships.

Once here they were Once here they were examined at such places as examined at such places as Ellis Island in New York Ellis Island in New York Harbor or Angel Island in San Harbor or Angel Island in San Francisco Bay before they Francisco Bay before they were allowed into the country.were allowed into the country.http://www.ellisisland.com/images/

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Page 11: 20 th  Century

ImmigrantsImmigrants By 1900 over 30 million Americans By 1900 over 30 million Americans

were city-dwellers.were city-dwellers. Most immigrants headed directly for Most immigrants headed directly for

cities in the NE, where jobs were cities in the NE, where jobs were plentiful. They formed small plentiful. They formed small communities within the city.communities within the city.

Vast numbers of immigrants caused Vast numbers of immigrants caused housing shortages, so many housing shortages, so many immigrants ended up living in the immigrants ended up living in the slums. A slum is a poor, crowded slums. A slum is a poor, crowded section of a city with run-down and section of a city with run-down and unsafe housing.unsafe housing.

Some immigrants lived in tenements. Some immigrants lived in tenements. A tenement is a building carved up A tenement is a building carved up into small apartments. They often into small apartments. They often lacked heat and hot water. lacked heat and hot water. Bathrooms were often in the hallway Bathrooms were often in the hallway and shared by several families. and shared by several families. Families of 6 or 7 lived together in Families of 6 or 7 lived together in one or two rooms. Under these one or two rooms. Under these crowded conditions disease spread crowded conditions disease spread rapidly. rapidly.

Small wooden buildings were built Small wooden buildings were built quickly to house immigrants. No one quickly to house immigrants. No one worried about fire safety. In 1871 the worried about fire safety. In 1871 the Great Chicago Fire killed hundreds of Great Chicago Fire killed hundreds of people and left nearly 100,000 people and left nearly 100,000 homeless. A third of Chicago was homeless. A third of Chicago was destroyed. destroyed. http://content.answers.com/main/

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Page 12: 20 th  Century

The The Settlement Settlement HouseHouse

The new immigrants (after the The new immigrants (after the Civil War) were poor. Few Civil War) were poor. Few spoke English, and they didn’t spoke English, and they didn’t fit in with the American fit in with the American culture.culture.

Jane Addams decided to Jane Addams decided to share her knowledge of art share her knowledge of art and literature with the poor. and literature with the poor. At Hull House (formerly At Hull House (formerly owned by Charles Hull) she owned by Charles Hull) she held readings, slide shows, held readings, slide shows, and teas for neighborhood and teas for neighborhood women. She soon realized women. She soon realized they had more important they had more important needs.needs.

Hull House was the country’s Hull House was the country’s first settlement house. It’s a first settlement house. It’s a community center that community center that provides child care, provides child care, education, and other services education, and other services to the poor.to the poor.

By 1900 there were over 100 By 1900 there were over 100 settlement houses.settlement houses.

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Page 13: 20 th  Century

The United The United States States ExpandsExpands

Alaska was bought from Alaska was bought from Russia for $7.2 million Russia for $7.2 million (about 2 cents an acre). (about 2 cents an acre). It contains plentiful It contains plentiful natural resources that natural resources that include fish, lumber, and include fish, lumber, and oil.oil.

American planters of American planters of pineapple and sugar pineapple and sugar cane led a revolt against cane led a revolt against Queen Liliuokalani of Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii in 1893. They Hawaii in 1893. They asked to join the U.S. asked to join the U.S. Five years later Hawaii Five years later Hawaii became a U.S. became a U.S. possession.possession. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/

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Page 14: 20 th  Century

The Spanish-The Spanish-American WarAmerican War

In 1895 the people of Cuba In 1895 the people of Cuba began a revolt against their began a revolt against their government - Spain.government - Spain.

President McKinley sent the President McKinley sent the battleship USS Maine to battleship USS Maine to Havana, Cuba, to protect Havana, Cuba, to protect Americans there.Americans there.

On Feb. 15On Feb. 15thth an explosion an explosion sunk the ship and killed 260 sunk the ship and killed 260 U.S. sailors.U.S. sailors.

With help from newspapers, With help from newspapers, many people blamed Spain. many people blamed Spain. People cried, “Remember the People cried, “Remember the Maine!”Maine!”

Congress declared war on Congress declared war on April 25, 1898.April 25, 1898.

Admiral Dewey sunk the Admiral Dewey sunk the Spanish fleet in the Pacific.Spanish fleet in the Pacific.

This first battle proved that This first battle proved that the U.S. had become a world the U.S. had become a world power.power.http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/

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Page 15: 20 th  Century

The Rough The Rough RidersRiders

Theodore Roosevelt, the Theodore Roosevelt, the Assistant Secretary of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy, was eager to join the Navy, was eager to join the fighting.fighting.

He quit his job and called on He quit his job and called on friends to volunteer to go with friends to volunteer to go with him to Cuba.him to Cuba.

The Rough Riders were The Rough Riders were cowhands and former Civil War cowhands and former Civil War soldiers.soldiers.

On July 1, 1898, Roosevelt led On July 1, 1898, Roosevelt led a charge against Spain in the a charge against Spain in the Battle of San Juan Hill.Battle of San Juan Hill.

African American cavalries African American cavalries known as “Buffalo Soldiers” known as “Buffalo Soldiers” joined them.joined them.

The Americans were victorious.The Americans were victorious. In August 1898 the Spanish-In August 1898 the Spanish-

American War was over. Cuba American War was over. Cuba received its independence from received its independence from Spain.Spain.

Fact: U.S. territories are Fact: U.S. territories are American Samoa, Guam, American Samoa, Guam, Marianas, Puerto Rico, and the Marianas, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.U.S. Virgin Islands.

Page 16: 20 th  Century

The World of Theodore The World of Theodore RooseveltRoosevelt

Reformers are people who Reformers are people who want to see a change.want to see a change.

Theodore Roosevelt was a Theodore Roosevelt was a reformer.reformer.

When President McKinley was When President McKinley was shot and killed in 1901, Vice shot and killed in 1901, Vice President Theodore Roosevelt President Theodore Roosevelt became president.became president.

He was a sickly child who was He was a sickly child who was determined to become determined to become stronger by exercise.stronger by exercise.

He believed in a fair He believed in a fair government and hard work.government and hard work.

Fact: Leon Czolgosz shot Fact: Leon Czolgosz shot McKinley.McKinley.http://users.tellurian.com/teach/

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Page 17: 20 th  Century

Mount Mount RushmoreRushmore

The four presidents carved in the mountain The four presidents carved in the mountain are George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, are George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln.

Thomas Jefferson was originally started on Thomas Jefferson was originally started on George Washington's right. However, after George Washington's right. However, after 18 months they realized that it was not 18 months they realized that it was not working. Jefferson's face was dynamited off working. Jefferson's face was dynamited off and carved on the other side. and carved on the other side.

It took 14 years to complete Mount It took 14 years to complete Mount Rushmore. Rushmore.

No one died while building Mount No one died while building Mount Rushmore. Rushmore.

The sculpture cost $989,992.32 to build. The sculpture cost $989,992.32 to build. There is a cave behind the carving called There is a cave behind the carving called

the "Hall of Records." It was intended to the "Hall of Records." It was intended to house the story of Mount Rushmore but was house the story of Mount Rushmore but was never completed due to lack of funding.never completed due to lack of funding.

Mount Rushmore, the President's Mountain, Mount Rushmore, the President's Mountain, is located in the Black Hills of South Dakota.is located in the Black Hills of South Dakota.

Doane Robinson contacted Gutzon Borglum Doane Robinson contacted Gutzon Borglum to be the sculptor.to be the sculptor.

Page 18: 20 th  Century

Muckrakers Muckrakers and Trust and Trust BustersBusters

Muckrakers helped to focus the Muckrakers helped to focus the country’s attention on unfair country’s attention on unfair business practices.business practices.

Upton Sinclair was a muckraker Upton Sinclair was a muckraker who wrote about meat-packing who wrote about meat-packing problems in his book, “The Jungle.” problems in his book, “The Jungle.” It described how unhealthy and It described how unhealthy and dirty food was sold to unknowing dirty food was sold to unknowing customers.customers.

In 1906 Roosevelt pushed In 1906 Roosevelt pushed Congress to pass the Pure Food & Congress to pass the Pure Food & Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act. These laws made sure Act. These laws made sure medicines did what their makers medicines did what their makers claimed and that food was safe.claimed and that food was safe.

In 1903 Ida Tarbell brought In 1903 Ida Tarbell brought attention to the unfairness of attention to the unfairness of business who had a monopoly business who had a monopoly (Standard Oil Company for (Standard Oil Company for example).example).

Roosevelt agreed it was unfair and Roosevelt agreed it was unfair and broke up 25 trusts, or monopolies, broke up 25 trusts, or monopolies, into smaller businesses. He into smaller businesses. He became known as the “trust became known as the “trust buster.”buster.”

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Page 19: 20 th  Century

The U.S. The U.S. Under Under RooseveltRoosevelt

A country should “dare mighty A country should “dare mighty things.”things.”

It took over 40,000 men and 7 It took over 40,000 men and 7 years to build the Panama Canal. years to build the Panama Canal. 5,609 lives were lost to disease 5,609 lives were lost to disease and accidents. Mosquitoes and accidents. Mosquitoes carried malaria and yellow fever. carried malaria and yellow fever. The steam shovel was very The steam shovel was very helpful.helpful.

Orville and Wilbur Wright invented Orville and Wilbur Wright invented the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.North Carolina.

In 1913 Henry Ford invented a In 1913 Henry Ford invented a way to build more cars quickly and way to build more cars quickly and cheaply on an assembly line. This cheaply on an assembly line. This cut the price of Ford’s car, the cut the price of Ford’s car, the Model T, from $850 to $300. By Model T, from $850 to $300. By 1923 ½ of the cars sold in the U.S. 1923 ½ of the cars sold in the U.S. were the Model T.were the Model T.

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Page 20: 20 th  Century

ConservationConservation Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt

loved the outdoors.loved the outdoors. Conservationists are Conservationists are

people who work to people who work to preserve wilderness.preserve wilderness.

Roosevelt created Roosevelt created national parks, wildlife national parks, wildlife refuges, and national refuges, and national forests.forests.

Roosevelt once saved a Roosevelt once saved a small bear that was small bear that was being chased for sport. being chased for sport. A newspaper cartoonist A newspaper cartoonist heard this story and did heard this story and did a cartoon drawing of the a cartoon drawing of the bear. Soon “teddy bear. Soon “teddy bears” were being bears” were being manufactured and sold.manufactured and sold. http://www.tr.surfor.navy.mil/

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