2003 smma meeting 1 the dynamotor tm electronic brushless repulsion motor a novel high torque...
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2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 11
The DynaMotorThe DynaMotorTMTM Electronic Electronic Brushless Repulsion MotorBrushless Repulsion Motor
A Novel High Torque Brushless A Novel High Torque Brushless Repulsion MotorRepulsion Motor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 22
Presentation ContentsPresentation Contents AbstractAbstract BackgroundBackground The Electronic Brushless Repulsion The Electronic Brushless Repulsion
Motor ASDMotor ASD Controlling the Brushless Repulsion Controlling the Brushless Repulsion
Motor (EBR)Motor (EBR) Performance of the EBR motorPerformance of the EBR motor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 33
AbstractAbstract
The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 44
AbstractAbstract
The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors
Similar technology to conventional repulsion Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsmotors
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 55
AbstractAbstract
The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors
Similar technology to conventional repulsion Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsmotors
The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 66
AbstractAbstract
The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors
Similar technology to conventional repulsion Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsmotors
The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for
commutationcommutation
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 77
AbstractAbstract
The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors
Similar technology to conventional repulsion Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsmotors
The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for
commutationcommutation Isolated control of the commutation switchesIsolated control of the commutation switches
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 88
AbstractAbstract
The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors
Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsSimilar technology to conventional repulsion motors The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for
commutationcommutation Isolated control of the commutation switchesIsolated control of the commutation switches Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise
switchingswitching
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 99
AbstractAbstract
The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors
Similar technology to conventional repulsion Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsmotors
The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for
commutationcommutation Isolated control of the commutation switchesIsolated control of the commutation switches Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical
noise switchingnoise switching Universal motor torque-speed characteristicUniversal motor torque-speed characteristic
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1010
BackgroundBackground
Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial many commercial and industrial applicationsapplications
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1111
BackgroundBackground
Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial many commercial and industrial applicationsapplications
Inverter or dc type drives are good Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential applicationdomestic and residential application
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1212
BackgroundBackground
Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial many commercial and industrial applicationsapplications
Inverter or dc type drives are good Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential applicationdomestic and residential application
Conventional ASDs have a power Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the controller between the ac line and the motormotor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1313
BackgroundBackground
Adjustable speed drives (ASDs)Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in are used in many commercial and industrial applicationsmany commercial and industrial applications
Inverter or dc type drives are good Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential applicationdomestic and residential application
Conventional ASDs have a power controller Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the motorbetween the ac line and the motor
Conventional ASDs using dc motors have a Conventional ASDs using dc motors have a brush/commutator maintenance issuebrush/commutator maintenance issue
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1414
The Electronic BrushlessThe Electronic BrushlessRepulsion MotorRepulsion Motor
New concept ASD using a brushless New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motorrepulsion motor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1515
The Electronic BrushlessThe Electronic BrushlessRepulsion MotorRepulsion Motor
New concept ASD using a brushless New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motorrepulsion motor
Eliminates the power controller between Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motorthe ac line and the motor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1616
The Electronic BrushlessThe Electronic BrushlessRepulsion MotorRepulsion Motor
New concept ASD using a brushless New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motorrepulsion motor
Eliminates the power controller between Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motorthe ac line and the motor
Runs on single phase powerRuns on single phase power
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1717
The Electronic BrushlessThe Electronic BrushlessRepulsion MotorRepulsion Motor
New concept ASD using a brushless New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motorrepulsion motor
Eliminates the power controller between Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motorthe ac line and the motor
Runs on single phase powerRuns on single phase power Simple construction – similar to a universal Simple construction – similar to a universal
motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1Fig. 1
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1818
The Electronic BrushlessThe Electronic BrushlessRepulsion MotorRepulsion Motor
New concept ASD using a brushless New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motorrepulsion motor
Eliminates the power controller between Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motorthe ac line and the motor
Runs on single phase powerRuns on single phase power Simple construction – similar to a universal Simple construction – similar to a universal
motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1Fig. 1
2-Pole and 4-Pole construction most 2-Pole and 4-Pole construction most common types with 6-Pole and 8-Pole as common types with 6-Pole and 8-Pole as viable alternatives viable alternatives
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 1919
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2020
2-Pole EBR Definitions2-Pole EBR Definitions
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2121
Field Pattern of 2-pole EBR Field Pattern of 2-pole EBR MotorMotor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2222
““Hard” and “Soft” Neutral PositionsHard” and “Soft” Neutral Positions
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2323
Direction of Torque Produced Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coilby a Shorted Armature Coil
Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torquenegative torque
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2424
Direction of Torque Produced Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coilby a Shorted Armature Coil
Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque negative torque
Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torquepositive torque
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2525
Direction of Torque Produced Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coilby a Shorted Armature Coil
Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque negative torque
Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torquepositive torque
Rotor angles between 180° and 270° Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torquemake negative torque
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2626
Direction of Torque Produced Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coilby a Shorted Armature Coil
Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque negative torque
Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torquepositive torque
Rotor angles between 180° and 270° Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torquemake negative torque
Rotor angles between 270° and 360° (0°) Rotor angles between 270° and 360° (0°) make positive torquemake positive torque
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2727
4-Pole EBR Definitions4-Pole EBR Definitions
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2828
Field Pattern of 4-Pole EBR Field Pattern of 4-Pole EBR MotorMotor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 2929
Torque Production as a Torque Production as a Function of Rotor PositionFunction of Rotor Position
The torque produced by a shorted The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle armature coil varies as the rotor angle changeschanges
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3030
Torque Production as a Torque Production as a Function of Rotor PositionFunction of Rotor Position
The torque produced by a shorted The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle armature coil varies as the rotor angle changeschanges
The shape and polarity of the torque has The shape and polarity of the torque has half-wave symmetry about the 90°half-wave symmetry about the 90° (270°) (270°) electrical position.electrical position.
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3131
Two-Pole Motor, Vstator = 43Vac, one armature coil shorted
- 4.00
- 3.00
- 2.00
- 1.00
0.00
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0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180
Armature Position - Degrees
Torq
ue-L
bFt
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25
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40
Ampe
res
Torque-LbFt Stator I Rotor I
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3232
48 Frame 4-pole motor, Vstator = 50Vac, one armature coil shorted
-25
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-5
0
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Armature Position - Degrees
LbIn
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3333
Torque Production as a Torque Production as a Function of Rotor PositionFunction of Rotor Position
To produce positive torque it is only To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque regionit is in the positive torque region
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3434
Torque Production as a Torque Production as a Function of Rotor PositionFunction of Rotor Position
To produce positive torque it is only To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque regionit is in the positive torque region
To produce negative torque it is only To produce negative torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the negative torque regionit is in the negative torque region
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3535
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The simplest method to control the motor The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position is to use a technique called “Position Control”Control”
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3636
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The simplest method to control the motor The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position is to use a technique called “Position Control”Control”
Position Control activates the solid-state Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle device over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle”called the “Control Angle”
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3737
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The simplest method to control the motor is to The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control”use a technique called “Position Control”
Position Control activates the solid-state Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric device shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle called the over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle”“Control Angle”
Basic circuit elements include a small power Basic circuit elements include a small power supply, some photo detectors, the solid-state supply, some photo detectors, the solid-state switches to short the coils, and a transient switches to short the coils, and a transient energy clamp circuitenergy clamp circuit
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3838
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The placement of the photo detectors The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coilsangular spacing of the armature coils
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 3939
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The placement of the photo detectors The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coilsangular spacing of the armature coils
Controlling the photo detectors is Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors placed to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing each time they enter a torque producing region.region.
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4040
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The placement of the photo detectors have The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the armature the same angular spacing as the armature coils angular spacingcoils angular spacing
Controlling the photo detectors is Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors each time to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing region.they enter a torque producing region.
Multiple coils produce many torque pulses Multiple coils produce many torque pulses per revolutionper revolution
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4141
Photo detectors on the control Photo detectors on the control assemblyassembly
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4242
MOSFET power switches on control assemblyMOSFET power switches on control assembly
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4343
LED array LED array
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4444
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The alternative to a simple position type The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position controlcontrol is to use a variable position control
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4545
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
The alternative to a simple position type The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position controlcontrol is to use a variable position control
This method uses the same LED This method uses the same LED arrangement as a simple position control arrangement as a simple position control except the number of LEDS that are except the number of LEDS that are turned on in the LED array is controlled to turned on in the LED array is controlled to adjust the control angle, thereby adjust the control angle, thereby controlling the motor torque and speed.controlling the motor torque and speed.
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4646
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
Timer Control of the EBR motorTimer Control of the EBR motor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4747
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
Timer Control of the EBR motorTimer Control of the EBR motor Simplified positioning of the photo Simplified positioning of the photo
detectors and LEDsdetectors and LEDs
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4848
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
Timer Control of the EBR motorTimer Control of the EBR motor Simplified positioning of the photo Simplified positioning of the photo
detectors and LEDsdetectors and LEDs Accurate speed control as a by product of Accurate speed control as a by product of
timer controltimer control
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 4949
Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor
Timer Control of the EBR motorTimer Control of the EBR motor Simplified positioning of the photo Simplified positioning of the photo
detectors and LEDsdetectors and LEDs Accurate speed control as a by product of Accurate speed control as a by product of
timer controltimer control Timer control is most readily implemented Timer control is most readily implemented
using a small microprocssorusing a small microprocssor
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5050
Performance of the EBR Performance of the EBR motormotor
Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP applicationapplication
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5151
Performance of the EBR Performance of the EBR motormotor
Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP applicationapplication
Capable of operating above “base speed”Capable of operating above “base speed”
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5252
Performance of the EBR Performance of the EBR motormotor
Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP applicationapplication
Capable of operating above “base speed”Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of running on sine or square-wave Capable of running on sine or square-wave
voltage suppliesvoltage supplies
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5353
Performance of the EBR Performance of the EBR motormotor
Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP applicationapplication
Capable of operating above “base speed”Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of running on sine or square-wave Capable of running on sine or square-wave
voltage suppliesvoltage supplies Multiple motors can operate from the Multiple motors can operate from the
same power sourcesame power source
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5454
Performance of the EBR Performance of the EBR motormotor
Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP applicationapplication
Capable of operating above “base speed”Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of running on sine or square-wave Capable of running on sine or square-wave
voltage suppliesvoltage supplies Multiple motors can operate from the Multiple motors can operate from the
same power sourcesame power source Operates well in constant HP or constant Operates well in constant HP or constant
torque applicationstorque applications
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5555
56 Fr motor w/6 inch stack - Constant HP
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Speed - RPM
Amps
, LbI
n
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0.90
HP, P
F, E
ff
Motor LbIn P.F. Eff. HP
LbIn
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Eff
PF
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5656
56 Frame 6" Stack 4-Pole Motor - Constant T Load
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Speed - RPM
HP,
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ue -
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P.F. Eff. HP Motor LbIn
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5757
ConclusionsConclusions
The EBR motor is a new and practical way The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed.to provide variable speed.
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5858
ConclusionsConclusions
The EBR motor is a new and practical way The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed.to provide variable speed.
High speed applications can be satisfied High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drivewith a self contained brushless drive
2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 5959
ConclusionsConclusions
The EBR motor is a new and practical way The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed.to provide variable speed.
High speed applications can be satisfied High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drivewith a self contained brushless drive
An EBR motor is a better choice than An EBR motor is a better choice than forcing a conventional motor to be a forcing a conventional motor to be a variable speed motorvariable speed motor