2004 asme x boiler & pressure vessel code - det … x/sec x- intro.pdf · 2004 asme boiler and...

FIBER-REINFORCEDPLASTICPRESSUREVESSELS

XX2004 ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODEA N I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O D E

2004 ASME BOILER & PRESSURE VESSEL CODEA N I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O D E

Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME

Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

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F IBER-REINFORCEDPLASTIC PRESSUREVESSELS

2006 AddendaJuly 1, 2006

ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE ON FIBER-REINFORCEDPLASTIC PRESSUREVESSELS

XX

THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSNEW YORK, NEW YORK

ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODEAN INTERNATIONAL CODE

B100W6Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME


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Date of Issuance: July 1, 2006

This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards and it is an American National Standard. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balancedto assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed codeor standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input fromindustry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.

ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items

mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement ofany applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determinationof the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.

Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as governmentor industry endorsement of this code or standard.

ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASMEprocedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.

The footnotes in this document are part of this American National Standard.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934Printed in the United States of America

The American Society of Mechanical EngineersThree Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2006 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reserved



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2004 ASMEBOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE

SECTIONS

I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

II MaterialsPart A — Ferrous Material SpecificationsPart B — Nonferrous Material SpecificationsPart C — Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler MetalsPart D — Properties (Customary)Part D — Properties (Metric)

III Subsection NCA — General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2

III Division 1Subsection NB — Class 1 ComponentsSubsection NC — Class 2 ComponentsSubsection ND — Class 3 ComponentsSubsection NE — Class MC ComponentsSubsection NF — SupportsSubsection NG — Core Support StructuresSubsection NH — Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature ServiceAppendices

III Division 2 — Code for Concrete Containments

III Division 3 — Containments for Transport and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel andHigh Level Radioactive Material and Waste

IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

V Nondestructive Examination

VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure VesselsDivision 1Division 2 — Alternative RulesDivision 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels

IX Welding and Brazing Qualifications

X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

XII Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks

iii

04



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ADDENDA

Colored-sheet Addenda, which include additions andrevisions to individual Sections of the Code, are publishedannually and will be sent automatically to purchasers ofthe applicable Sections up to the publication of the 2007Code. The 2004 Code is available only in the loose-leafformat; accordingly, the Addenda will be issued in theloose-leaf, replacement-page format.

INTERPRETATIONS

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerninginterpretation of technical aspects of the Code. The Inter-pretations for each individual Section will be publishedseparately and will be included as part of the updateservice to that Section. They will be issued semiannually(July and December) up to the publication of the 2004Code. Interpretations of Section III, Divisions 1 and 2,will be included with the update service to SubsectionNCA.

iv

Beginning with the 2004 Edition, Interpretations of theCode will be distributed annually in July with the issuanceof the edition and subsequent addenda. Interpretationspreviously distributed in January will be posted in Januaryat www.cstools.asme.org/interpretations and included inthe July distribution.

CODE CASES

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets regu-larly to consider proposed additions and revisions to theCode and to formulate Cases to clarify the intent ofexisting requirements or provide, when the need is urgent,rules for materials or constructions not covered byexisting Code rules. Those Cases which have beenadopted will appear in the appropriate 2004 Code Casesbook: (1) Boilers and Pressure Vessels and (2) NuclearComponents. Supplements will be sent automatically tothe purchasers of the Code Cases books up to the publica-tion of the 2007 Code.



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CONTENTS

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ixStatements of Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiPersonnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvSummary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix

Part RG General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

RG-1 Scope and Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1RG-2 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3RG-3 Responsibilities and Duties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4RG-4 Fabrication Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Part RM Material Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

RM-1 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9RM-2 Miscellaneous Pressure Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

TablesRM-120.1 Resin Systems Required Certification by Resin Manufacturer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10RM-120.2 Resin Systems Required Test by Vessel Fabricator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Part RD Design Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

RD-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13RD-2 Shells of Revolution Under Internal Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16RD-3 Shells of Revolution Under External Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17RD-4 Secondary Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19RD-5 Openings and Their Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20RD-6 Nozzles and Other Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21RD-7 Bolted Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28RD-8 Quick-Actuating Closures (for Class I Vessels Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30RD-9 Attachments and Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31RD-10 Access and Inspection Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32RD-11 Mandatory Design Rules for Class II Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34RD-12 Laminate Stiffness Coefficients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

FiguresRD-620.3 Flange Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24RD-620.4(a) Plate Type Gussets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25RD-620.4(b) Typical Cone Type Gusset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25RD-620.5 Flush Nozzle Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26RD-620.6 Penetrating Nozzle Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27RD-700.1 Acceptable Types of Flat Heads for Class I Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29RD-1120.1 Design Limitations for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35RD-1174.2 Dimensions of Reinforcing Pad and Nozzle Overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

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RD-1174.3 Stress Concentration Factors for a Circular Hole in a Pressurized CylindricalShell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

RD-1175.2 Head/Shell or Shell/Shell Overlay Dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42RD-1176.1 Design of Full-Face Nozzle Flanges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45RD-1176.2 Values of V (Integral Flange Factor). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46RD-1176.3 Values of F (Integral Flange Factor). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47RD-1176.4 Values of f (Hub Stress Correction Factor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48RD-1176.5 Values of T, Z, Y, and U (Terms Involving K). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49RD-1220.1 Moment Resultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55RD-1220.2 In-Plane Force Resultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55RD-1220.3 Coordinate Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56RD-1220.4 Geometry of an N-Layered Laminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

TablesRD-620.1 Flange and Nozzle Dimensions for Hand Lay-Up and Pressure Molded

Flanges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22RD-1173.2 Values of Spherical Radius Factor Ko for Ellipsoidal Heads With Pressure on

Convex Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Part RF Fabrication Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

RF-1 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59RF-2 Special Fabrication Requirements for Bag-Molding Process (for Class I Vessels

Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RF-3 Special Fabrication Requirements for Centrifugal-Casting Process (for Class I

Vessels Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62RF-4 Special Fabrication Requirements for Filament-Winding Process (Classes I and

II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64RF-5 Special Fabrication Requirements for Contact-Molding Process (Classes I and

II) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66RF-6 Special Fabrication Requirements for Matched Molded Heads (Used for

Closures for Centrifugally Cast Vessels — for Class I Vessels Only) . . . . . . . . . . 68RF-7 Special Fabrication Requirements for Joining Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

FiguresRF-210.1 Fiber Side Wall Lay-Up for Bag Molding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60RF-210.2 Head or End Preform for Cylindrical Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61RF-610.1 Fiber Preform and Insert for Head for Centrifugally Cast Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68RF-610.2 Fiber Head or End Preformed Inserts for Centrifugally Cast Vessel Heads . . . . . . . 69

Part RQ Qualification Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

RQ-1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71RQ-2 Special Requirements for Bag-Molding Procedure Qualification (Class I

Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74RQ-3 Special Requirements for Centrifugal-Casting Procedure Qualification (Class I

Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75RQ-4 Special Requirements for Filament-Winding Procedure Qualification (Class I

Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76RQ-5 Special Requirements for Contact-Molding Procedure Qualification (Class I

Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77RQ-6 Special Requirements for Class II Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

Part RR Pressure Relief Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

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RR-1 General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79RR-2 Provisions in Vessels for Installation of Pressure Relief Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Part RT Rules Governing Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

RT-1 Testing Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82RT-2 Design and Procedure Qualification Test Requirements for Class I Vessels . . . . . . . 84RT-3 Quality Control Test and Examination Requirements for Class I Vessels . . . . . . . . . 88RT-4 Production Test Requirements for Class I Vessels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90RT-5 Hydrostatic Testing Procedures and Equipment for Class I and Class II

Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93RT-6 Acceptance Test Procedure for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94RT-7 Determination of Mechanical Properties of Lamina for Use With Class II

Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96RT-8 Test Methods for Determining Damage-Based Design Criterion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

FigureRT-840 Loading Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

TablesRT-620.1 Evaluation Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95RT-854.1 K Factor for Historic Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

Part RI Inspection Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

RI-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102RI-2 Special Inspection Requirements for Bag Molding (Class I Vessels) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105RI-3 Special Inspection Requirements for Centrifugal Casting (Class I Vessels) . . . . . . . 106RI-4 Special Inspection Requirements for Filament Winding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108RI-5 Special Inspection Requirements for Contact Molding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

Part RS Marking, Stamping, and Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

RS-1 Contents, Methods, and Means of Marking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110RS-2 Use of Code Symbol Stamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113RS-3 Report Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

FigureRS-100.1 Official Symbol for Mark to Denote The American Society of Mechanical

Engineers’ Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110RS-132.1 Form of Stamping and Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

MANDATORY APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Quality Control System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Appendix 2 Capacity Conversions for Safety Valves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Appendix 3 Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee. . . . 120Appendix 4 Glossary of Terms Related to Fiber-Reinforced Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121Appendix 5 Specific Gravity of Liquid Resins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130Appendix 6 Structural Laminate Visual Acceptance Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131Appendix 7 Standard Units for Use in Equations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

NONMANDATORY APPENDICES

Appendix AA Suggested Methods of Preliminary Design for Class I Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

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Appendix AB Installation and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Appendix AC Discontinuity Stresses for Class II, Method B Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145Appendix AD Laminate Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159Appendix AF Examples for Design Rules for Class II Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Appendix AG Guide to Information Appearing on Certificate of Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178Appendix AH Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boiler

and Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184

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FOREWORD

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers setup a committee in 1911 for the purpose of formulatingstandard rules for the construction of steam boilers andother pressure vessels. This committee is now called theBoiler and Pressure Vessel Committee.

The Committee’s function is to establish rules of safety,relating only to pressure integrity, governing the construc-tion1 of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks andnuclear components, and inservice inspection for pressureintegrity of nuclear components and transport tanks, andto interpret these rules when questions arise regardingtheir intent. This code does not address other safety issuesrelating to the construction of boilers, pressure vessels,transport tanks and nuclear components, and the inserviceinspection of nuclear components and transport tanks.The user of the Code should refer to other pertinent codes,standards, laws, regulations, or other relevant documents.With few exceptions, the rules do not, of practical neces-sity, reflect the likelihood and consequences of deteriora-tion in service related to specific service fluids or externaloperating environments. Recognizing this, the Committeehas approved a wide variety of construction rules in thisSection to allow the user or his designee to select thosewhich will provide a pressure vessel having a margin fordeterioration in service so as to give a reasonably long,safe period of usefulness. Accordingly, it is not intendedthat this Section be used as a design handbook; rather,engineering judgment must be employed in the selectionof those sets of Code rules suitable to any specific serviceor need.

This Code contains mandatory requirements, specificprohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construc-tion activities. The Code does not address all aspects ofthese activities and those aspects which are not specifi-cally addressed should not be considered prohibited. TheCode is not a handbook and cannot replace education,experience, and the use of engineering judgment. Thephrase engineering judgment refers to technical judg-ments made by knowledgeable designers experienced inthe application of the Code. Engineering judgments mustbe consistent with Code philosophy and such judgments

1 Construction, as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive termcomprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, test-ing, certification, and pressure relief.

ix

must never be used to overrule mandatory requirementsor specific prohibitions of the Code.

The Committee recognizes that tools and techniquesused for design and analysis change as technology prog-resses and expects engineers to use good judgment in theapplication of these tools. The designer is responsible forcomplying with Code rules and demonstrating compli-ance with Code equations when such equations are man-datory. The Code neither requires nor prohibits the useof computers for the design or analysis of componentsconstructed to the requirements of the Code. However,designers and engineers using computer programs fordesign or analysis are cautioned that they are responsiblefor all technical assumptions inherent in the programsthey use and they are responsible for the application ofthese programs to their design.

The Code does not fully address tolerances. Whendimensions, sizes, or other parameters are not specifiedwith tolerances, the values of these parameters are consid-ered nominal and allowable tolerances or local variancesmay be considered acceptable when based on engineeringjudgment and standard practices as determined by thedesigner.

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee deals withthe care and inspection of boilers and pressure vessels inservice only to the extent of providing suggested rulesof good practice as an aid to owners and their inspectors.

The rules established by the Committee are not to beinterpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsingany proprietary or specific design or as limiting in anyway the manufacturer’s freedom to choose any methodof design or any form of construction that conforms tothe Code rules.

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee meets regu-larly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules asdictated by technological development, Code Cases, andrequests for interpretations. Only the Boiler and PressureVessel Committee has the authority to provide officialinterpretations of this Code. Requests for revisions, newrules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall be addressedto the Secretary in writing and shall give full particulars inorder to receive consideration and action (see MandatoryAppendix covering preparation of technical inquiries).Proposed revisions to the Code resulting from inquiries

04

A06



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will be presented to the Main Committee for appropriateaction. The action of the Main Committee becomes effec-tive only after confirmation by letter ballot of the Commit-tee and approval by ASME.

Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the Com-mittee are submitted to the American National StandardsInstitute and published at http://cstools.asme.org/wbpms/public/index.cfm?PublicReviewpRevisions to invitecomments from all interested persons. After the allottedtime for public review and final approval by ASME,revisions are published annually in Addenda to the Code.

Code Cases may be used in the construction of compo-nents to be stamped with the ASME Code symbol begin-ning with the date of their approval by ASME.

After Code revisions are approved by ASME, theymay be used beginning with the date of issuance shown onthe Addenda. Revisions, except for revisions to materialspecifications in Section II, Parts A and B, become man-datory six months after such date of issuance, except forboilers or pressure vessels contracted for prior to the endof the six-month period. Revisions to material specifica-tions are originated by the American Society for Testingand Materials (ASTM) and other recognized national orinternational organizations, and are usually adopted byASME. However, those revisions may or may not haveany effect on the suitability of material, produced to ear-lier editions of specifications, for use in ASME construc-tion. ASME material specifications approved for use ineach construction Code are listed in the Guidelines forAcceptable ASTM Editions in Section II, Parts A and B.These Guidelines list, for each specification, the latestedition adopted by ASME, and earlier and later editionsconsidered by ASME to be identical for ASME con-struction.

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee in the for-mulation of its rules and in the establishment of maximumdesign and operating pressures considers materials, con-struction, methods of fabrication, inspection, and safetydevices.

The Code Committee does not rule on whether a com-ponent shall or shall not be constructed to the provisionsof the Code. The Scope of each Section has been estab-lished to identify the components and parameters consid-ered by the Committee in formulating the Code rules.

Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specificcomponent with the Code rules are to be directed tothe ASME Certificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries

x–xii

concerning the interpretation of the Code are to bedirected to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Com-mittee. ASME is to be notified should questions ariseconcerning improper use of an ASME Code symbol.

The specifications for materials given in Section IIare identical with or similar to those of specificationspublished by ASTM, AWS, and other recognized nationalor international organizations. When reference is madein an ASME material specification to a non-ASME speci-fication for which a companion ASME specificationexists, the reference shall be interpreted as applying tothe ASME material specification. Not all materialsincluded in the material specifications in Section II havebeen adopted for Code use. Usage is limited to thosematerials and grades adopted by at least one of the otherSections of the Code for application under rules of thatSection. All materials allowed by these various Sectionsand used for construction within the scope of their rulesshall be furnished in accordance with material specifica-tions contained in Section II or referenced in the Guide-lines for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Section II, PartsA and B, except where otherwise provided in Code Casesor in the applicable Section of the Code. Materials cov-ered by these specifications are acceptable for use in itemscovered by the Code Sections only to the degree indicatedin the applicable Section. Materials for Code use shouldpreferably be ordered, produced, and documented on thisbasis; Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Sec-tion II, Part A and Guideline for Acceptable ASTM Edi-tions in Section II, Part B list editions of ASME and yeardates of specifications that meet ASME requirements andwhich may be used in Code construction. Material pro-duced to an acceptable specification with requirementsdifferent from the requirements of the correspondingspecifications listed in the Guideline for AcceptableASTM Editions in Part A or Part B may also be used inaccordance with the above, provided the material manu-facturer or vessel manufacturer certifies with evidenceacceptable to the Authorized Inspector that the corres-ponding requirements of specifications listed in theGuideline for Acceptable ASTM Editions in Part A orPart B have been met. Material produced to an acceptablematerial specification is not limited as to country of origin.

When required by context in this Section, the singularshall be interpreted as teh plural, and vice-versa; and thefeminine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be treated assuch other gender as appropriate.



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STATEMENT OF POLICYON THE USE OF CODE SYMBOLS AND

CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISING

ASME has established procedures to authorize quali-fied organizations to perform various activities in accor-dance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler andPressure Vessel Code. It is the aim of the Society toprovide recognition of organizations so authorized. Anorganization holding authorization to perform variousactivities in accordance with the requirements of the Codemay state this capability in its advertising literature.

Organizations that are authorized to use Code Symbolsfor marking items or constructions that have been con-structed and inspected in compliance with the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificatesof Authorization. It is the aim of the Society to maintainthe standing of the Code Symbols for the benefit of theusers, the enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders ofthe symbols who comply with all requirements.

Based on these objectives, the following policy hasbeen established on the usage in advertising of facsimilesof the symbols, Certificates of Authorization, and refer-ence to Code construction. The American Society ofMechanical Engineers does not “approve,” “certify,”

STATEMENT OF POLICYON THE USE OF ASME MARKING

TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code providesrules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels,and nuclear components. This includes requirements formaterials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection,and stamping. Items constructed in accordance with allof the applicable rules of the Code are identified with theofficial Code Symbol Stamp described in the governingSection of the Code.

Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or anyother marking including “ASME” or the various Code

xiii

“rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activityand there shall be no statements or implications that mightso indicate. An organization holding a Code Symboland/or a Certificate of Authorization may state in adver-tising literature that items, constructions, or activities “arebuilt (produced or performed) or activities conducted inaccordance with the requirements of the ASME Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code,” or “meet the requirementsof the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.”

The ASME Symbol shall be used only for stampingand nameplates as specifically provided in the Code.However, facsimiles may be used for the purpose offostering the use of such construction. Such usage maybe by an association or a society, or by a holder of a CodeSymbol who may also use the facsimile in advertising toshow that clearly specified items will carry the symbol.General usage is permitted only when all of a manufactur-er’s items are constructed under the rules.

The ASME logo, which is the cloverleaf with the lettersASME within, shall not be used by any organization otherthan ASME.

Symbols shall not be used on any item that is not con-structed in accordance with all of the applicable require-ments of the Code.

Items shall not be described on ASME Data ReportForms nor on similar forms referring to ASME that tendto imply that all Code requirements have been met when,in fact, they have not been. Data Report Forms coveringitems not fully complying with ASME requirementsshould not refer to ASME or they should clearly identifyall exceptions to the ASME requirements.



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PERSONNELASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee

Subcommittees, Subgroups, and Working GroupsAs of January 1, 2006

MAIN COMMITTEE

G. G. Karcher, Chair D. F. LandersJ. G. Feldstein, Vice Chair W. M. LundyJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Secretary J. R. MacKayR. W. Barnes U. R. MillerR. J. Basile P. A. MolvieJ. E. Batey C. C. NeelyD. L. Berger G. C. ParkM. N. Bressler T. P. PastorD. A. Canonico M. D. RanaF. C. Cherny B. W. RobertsD. A. Douin F. J. Schaaf, Jr.R. E. Gimple A. SelzM. Gold R. W. SwayneT. E. Hansen D. E. TannerC. L. Hoffmann S. V. Voorhees

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (MAIN COMMITTEE)

J. G. Feldstein, Chair T. P. PastorG. G. Karcher, Vice Chair A. SelzJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Secretary D. E. TannerR. W. Barnes D. A. Canonico, Ex-OfficioD. L. Berger MemberM. Gold M. Kotb, Ex-Officio MemberG. C. Park

HONORARY MEMBERS (MAIN COMMITTEE)

F. P. Barton M. H. JawadR. D. Bonner A. J. JustinR. J. Bosnak E. L. KemmlerR. J. Cepluch W. G. KnechtL. J. Chockie J. LeCoffT. M. Cullen T. G. McCartyW. D. Doty G. C. MillmanJ. R. Farr F. N. MoschiniG. E. Feigel R. F. ReedyR. C. Griffin W. E. SomersO. F. Hedden K. K. TamE. J. Hemzy L. P. Zick, Jr.

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HONORS AND AWARDS COMMITTEE

J. R. MacKay, Chair W. L. Haag, Jr.M. Gold, Vice Chair S. F. Harrison, Jr.J. N. Shih, Secretary R. M. JesseeR. J. Basile W. C. LarochelleJ. E. Batey T. P. PastorD. L. Berger A. SelzJ. G. Feldstein R. R. StevensonF. E. Gregor

MARINE CONFERENCE GROUP

J. Tiratto, Chair R. J. PetowL. W. Douthwaite

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

D. A. Douin — Illinois (Chair) P. A. Conklin — New YorkR. D. Reetz — North Dakota D. C. Cook — California

(Vice Chair) R. A. Coomes — KentuckyD. E. Tanner — Ohio D. Eastman — Newfoundland

(Secretary) and Labrador, CanadaR. J. Aben, Jr. — Michigan G. L. Ebeyer — New Orleans,J. S. Aclaro — California LouisianaA. E. Adkins — West Virginia E. Everett — GeorgiaJ. T. Amato — Minnesota J. M. Given, Jr. — NorthE. A. Anderson — Chicago, Carolina

Illinois P. C. Hackford — UtahF. R. Andrus — Oregon R. J. Handy — KentuckyB. P. Anthony — Rhode Island J. B. Harlan — DelawareR. D. Austin — Colorado M. L. Holloway — OklahomaE. W. Bachellier — Nunavut, K. Hynes — Prince Edward

Canada Island, CanadaM. M. Barber — Michigan D. T. Jagger — OhioR. W. Bartlett — Arizona D. J. Jenkins — KansasF. P. Barton — Virginia S. Katz — British Columbia,M. Bishop — British Canada

Columbia, Canada M. Kotb — Quebec, CanadaW. K. Brigham — New K. T. Lau — Alberta, Canada

Hampshire M. A. Malek — FloridaD. E. Burns — Nebraska G. F. Mankel — NevadaJ. H. Burpee — Maine R. D. Marvin II — WashingtonC. J. Castle — Nova Scotia, I. W. Mault — Manitoba,

Canada CanadaR. R. Cate — Louisiana H. T. McEwen — Mississippi

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CONFERENCE COMMITTEE (CONT’D)

R. Mile — Ontario, Canada R. S. Pucek — WisconsinM. F. Mooney — D. E. Ross — New Brunswick,

Massachusetts CanadaG. R. Myrick — Arkansas N. Surtees — Saskatchewan,Y. Nagpaul — Hawaii CanadaW. R. Owens — Louisiana M. R. Toth — TennesseeT. M. Parks — Texas M. J. Verhagen — WisconsinR. P. Pate — Alabama M. Washington — New JerseyJ. D. Payton — Pennsylvania R. B. West — IowaM. R. Peterson — Alaska M. J. Wheel — VermontH. D. Pfaff — South Dakota D. J. Willis — IndianaD. C. Price — Yukon E. Zarate — Arizona

Territory, Canada

BPV PROJECT TEAM ON HYDROGEN TANKS

M. D. Rana, Chair J. Cameron, CorrespondingG. M. Eisenberg, Secretary MemberW. L. Birch M. Duncan, CorrespondingF. L. Brown MemberD. A. Canonico D. R. Frikken, CorrespondingD. C. Cook MemberJ. W. Felbaum L. E. Hayden, Jr.,T. Joseph Corresponding MemberJ. M. Lacy K. T. Lau, CorrespondingN. L. Newhouse MemberG. B. Rawls, Jr. K. Oyamada, CorrespondingJ. R. Sims, Jr. MemberN. Sirosh C. H. Rivkin, CorrespondingJ. H. Smith MemberS. Staniszewski C. San Marchi, CorrespondingD. W. Treadwell MemberE. Upitis T. Schilling, CorrespondingC. T. L. Webster MemberH. Barthelemy, Corresponding B. Somerday, Corresponding

Member MemberR. C. Biel, Corresponding

Member

INTERNATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP

V. Felix Y. ParkS. H. Leong P. WilliamsonW. Lin

SUBCOMMITTEE ON POWER BOILERS (SC I)

D. L. Berger, Chair W. L. LowryB. W. Roberts, Vice Chair J. R. MacKayJ. N. Shih, Secretary T. C. McGoughD. A. Canonico R. E. McLaughlinK. K. Coleman P. A. MolvieP. D. Edwards Y. OishiJ. G. Feldstein J. T. PillowJ. Hainsworth R. D. Schueler, Jr.T. E. Hansen J. P. Swezy, Jr.J. S. Hunter J. M. TanzoshC. F. Jeerings R. V. WielgoszinskiJ. P. Libbrecht D. J. Willis

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Honorary Members (SC I)

D. N. French R. L. WilliamsW. E. Somers

Subgroup on Design (SC I)

P. A. Molvie, Chair J. C. LightG. L. Hiler, Secretary B. W. MooreM. L. Coats R. D. Schueler, Jr.J. D. Fishburn J. L. SeigleJ. P. Glaspie J. P. Swezy, Jr.C. F. Jeerings S. V. TorkildsonG. B. Komora R. V. WielgoszinskiJ. P. Libbrecht

Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (SC I)

J. T. Pillow, Chair J. HainsworthJ. P. Swezy, Jr., Secretary T. E. HansenD. L. Berger T. C. McGoughS. W. Cameron R. E. McLaughlinR. E. Ferrell Y. OishiG. Galanes R. V. Wielgoszinski

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC I)

R. E. McLaughlin, Chair F. MassiJ. Hainsworth, Secretary T. C. McGoughG. Bynog J. T. PillowG. Cook S. V. TorkildsonP. D. Edwards R. V. WielgoszinskiT. E. Hansen D. J. WillisW. L. Lowry

Subgroup on Materials (SC I)

B. W. Roberts, Chair J. F. HenryJ. S. Hunter, Secretary J. P. LibbrechtD. A. Canonico J. R. MacKayK. K. Coleman F. MasuyamaG. Galanes J. M. TanzoshK. L. Hayes

Subgroup on Piping (SC I)

T. E. Hansen, Chair F. MassiD. L. Berger T. C. McGoughP. D. Edwards D. TompkinsW. L. Lowry E. A. Whittle

Heat Recovery Steam Generators Task Group (SC I & SC VIII)

T. E. Hansen, Chair B. W. MooreE. M. Ortman, Secretary A. L. PlumleyR. W. Anderson R. D. Scheuler, Jr.J. P. Bell J. C. Steverman, Jr.L. R. Douglas S. R. TimkoJ. D. Fishburn D. TompkinsG. B. Komora S. V. TorkildsonJ. P. Libbrecht B. C. TurczynskiD. L. Marriott E. A. Turhan



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SUBCOMMITTEE ON MATERIALS (SC II)

J. F. Henry, Chair C. L. HoffmannM. Gold, Vice Chair F. MasuyamaN. Lobo, Secretary R. K. NanstadF. Abe M. L. NayyarD. C. Agarwal E. G. NisbettW. R. Apblett, Jr. D. W. RahoiA. Appleton B. W. RobertsM. N. Bressler E. ShapiroH. D. Bushfield R. C. SutherlinJ. Cameron R. W. SwindemanD. A. Canonico J. M. TanzoshA. Chaudouet B. E. ThurgoodD. W. Gandy J. C. VaillantM. H. Gilkey R. A. Moen, HonoraryJ. F. Grubb Member

Honorary Members (SC II)

A. P. Ahrendt J. J. HegerT. M. Cullen G. C. HsuR. Dirscherl R. A. MoenW. D. Doty C. E. Spaeder, Jr.W. D. Edsall A. W. Zeuthen

Subgroup on External Pressure (SC II & SC-D)

R. W. Mikitka, Chair M. KatcherJ. A. A. Morrow, Secretary E. MichalopoulosD. S. Griffin D. NadelJ. F. Grubb C. H. Sturgeon

Subgroup on Ferrous Specifications (SC II)

E. G. Nisbett, Chair D. C. KrouseA. Appleton, Vice Chair L. J. LavezziR. M. Davison W. C. MackB. M. Dingman J. K. MahaneyM. J. Dosdourian A. S. MelilliT. Graham K. E. OrieJ. F. Grubb E. UpitisK. M. Hottle R. ZawieruchaD. S. Janikowski A. W. Zeuthen

Subgroup on International Material Specifications (SC II)

W. M. Lundy, Chair A. F. GarbolevskyA. Chaudouet, Vice Chair D. O. HenryJ. P. Glaspie, Secretary M. HiguchiD. C. Agarwal H. LorenzH. D. Bushfield R. D. Schueler, Jr.D. A. Canonico E. A. SteenW. D. Doty E. UpitisP. Fallouey

Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (SC II)

D. W. Rahoi, Chair G. C. HsuM. Katcher, Secretary A. G. Kireta, Jr.D. C. Agarwal J. KissellW. R. Apblett, Jr. O. MiyaharaH. D. Bushfield D. T. PetersL. G. Coffee E. ShapiroM. H. Gilkey R. C. SutherlinJ. F. Grubb R. ZawieruchaE. L. Hibner

xvii

Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (SC II)

C. L. Hoffmann, Chair F. MasuyamaJ. M. Tanzosh, Secretary O. MiyaharaF. Abe H. MurakamiW. R. Apblett, Jr. D. W. RahoiD. A. Canonico B. W. RobertsK. K. Coleman M. S. SheltonP. Fallouey R. W. SwindemanM. Gold B. E. ThurgoodJ. F. Henry T. P. Vassallo, Jr.E. L. Hibner

Subgroup on Physical Properties (SC II)

D. C. Agarwal P. FalloueyH. D. Bushfield E. Shapiro

Subgroup on Strength of Weldments (SC II & SC IX)

J. M. Tanzosh, Chair J. F. HenryK. K. Coleman W. F. Newell, Jr.W. D. Doty D. W. RahoiR. D. Flenner B. W. RobertsD. W. Gandy W. J. SperkoK. L. Hayes B. E. Thurgood

Subgroup on Toughness (SC II & SC VIII)

W. S. Jacobs, Chair K. MokhtarianJ. L. Arnold C. C. NeelyR. J. Basile T. T. PhillipsJ. Cameron M. D. RanaW. D. Doty D. A. SwansonH. E. Gordon E. UpitisC. D. Lamb

Special Working Group on Nonmetallic Materials (SC II)

C. W. Rowley, Chair R. H. WalkerF. L. Brown J. W. WegnerP. S. Hill F. WorthM. R. Kessler

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR POWER (SC III)

R. W. Barnes, Chair C. C. KimR. M. Jessee, Vice Chair V. KostarevC. A. Sanna, Secretary D. F. LandersW. H. Borter W. C. LaRochelleM. N. Bressler K. A. ManolyJ. R. Cole E. A. MayhewR. E. Cornman, Jr. W. N. McLeanR. P. Deubler R. F. ReedyW. D. Doty B. B. ScottB. A. Erler J. D. StevensonG. M. Foster C. H. WaltersR. S. Hill III K. R. WichmanC. L. Hoffmann



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Honorary Members (SC III)

R. J. Bosnak R. A. MoenE. B. Branch C. J. PieperF. R. Drahos

Subgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Fueland High-Level Waste Transport Packagings (SC III)

G. M. Foster, Chair A. B. MeichlerG. J. Solovey, Vice Chair R. E. NickellD. K. Morton, Secretary E. L. PleinsW. H. Borter T. SaegusaG. R. Cannell H. P. ShrivastavaE. L. Farrow N. M. SimpsonR. S. Hill III R. H. SmithH. W. Lee J. D. StevensonD. W. Lewis C. J. TemusP. E. McConnell P. TurulaI. D. McInnes A. D. Watkins

Subgroup on Design (SC III)

R. P. Deubler, Chair K. A. ManolyR. S. Hill III, Vice Chair R. J. MastersonA. N. Nguyen, Secretary W. N. McLeanT. M. Adams J. C. MinichielloM. N. Bressler M. MorishitaC. W. Bruny F. F. NaguibD. L. Caldwell T. NakamuraJ. R. Cole W. Z. NovakR. E. Cornman, Jr. E. L. PleinsA. A. Dermenjian I. SaitoR. I. Jetter G. C. SlagisH. Kobayashi J. D. StevensonJ. T. Land J. P. TuckerD. F. Landers K. R. Wichman

Working Group on Supports (SG-D) (SC III)

R. J. Masterson, Chair I. SaitoF. J. Birch, Secretary J. R. StinsonU. S. Bandyopadhyay T. G. TerryahR. P. Deubler D. V. WalsheA. N. Nguyen C.-I. Wu

Working Group on Core Support Structures (SG-D) (SC III)

J. T. Land, Chair J. F. MulloolyJ. F. Kielb

Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containments(SG-D) (SC III)

E. L. Pleins, Chair D. K. MortonT. M. Adams R. E. NickellR. S. Hill III H. P. ShrivastavaH. W. Lee C. J. TemusI. D. McInnes P. TurulaJ. C. Minichiello

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Working Group on Dynamic and Extreme Load Conditions(SG-D) (SC III)

D. L. Caldwell, Chair P.-Y. ChenP. L. Anderson, Secretary W. S. LaPayM. K. Au-Yang H. LockertR. D. Blevins P. R. Olson

Working Group on Piping (SG-D) (SC III)

J. R. Cole, Chair J. C. MinichielloP. Hirschberg, Secretary F. F. NaguibT. M. Adams A. N. NguyenC. Basavaraju O. O. OyamadaJ. Catalano R. D. PatelR. J. Gurdal E. C. RodabaughR. W. Haupt M. S. SillsR. S. Hill III G. C. SlagisR. B. Keating V. K. VermaV. Kostarev E. A. WaisD. F. Landers C.-I. WuJ. F. McCabe

Working Group on Probabilistic Methods in Design(SG-D) (SC III)

R. S. Hill III, Chair S. D. KulatT. M. Adams A. McNeill IIIT. Asayama P. J. O’ReganB. M. Ayyub N. A. PalmT. A. Bacon I. SaitoA. A. Dermenjian M. E. SchmidtM. R. Graybeal J. P. TuckerD. O. Henry R. M. WilsonE. V. Imbro

Working Group on Pumps (SG-D) (SC III)

R. E. Cornman, Jr., Chair J. W. LeavittA. A. Fraser J. E. LivingstonM. Higuchi J. R. RajanG. R. Jones A. G. Washburn

Working Group on Valves (SG-D) (SC III)

W. N. McLean, Chair H. R. SondereggerR. R. Brodin J. C. TsacoyeanesJ. D. Page J. P. TuckerS. N. Shields R. G. Visalli

Working Group on Vessels (SG-D) (SC III)

F. F. Naguib, Chair A. KalninsG. K. Miller, Secretary R. B. KeatingC. W. Bruny K. MatsunagaG. D. Cooper D. E. MatthewsM. Hartzman M. NakahiraW. J. Heilker R. M. Wilson

Special Working Group on Environmental Effects (SG-D) (SC III)

W. Z. Novak, Chair C. L. HoffmannR. S. Hill III S. Yukawa



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Subgroup on General Requirements (SC III & SC 3C)

W. C. LaRochelle, Chair M. R. MinickC. A. Lizotte, Secretary B. B. ScottA. Appleton H. K. SharmaB. H. Berg W. K. SowderJ. R. Berry D. M. VickeryE. A. Mayhew D. V. WalsheR. P. McIntyre C. H. WaltersR. D. Mile

Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (SC III)

C. L. Hoffmann, Chair H. MurakamiG. P. Milley, Secretary M. NakahiraB. H. Berg C. J. PieperW. H. Borter N. M. SimpsonD. M. Doyle W. J. SperkoG. M. Foster J. R. StinsonG. B. Georgiev K. B. StuckeyR. M. Jessee A. D. WatkinsC. C. Kim S. YukawaM. Lau

Subgroup on Pressure Relief (SC III)

S. F. Harrison, Jr., Chair A. L. SzeglinE. M. Petrosky D. G. Thibault

Special Working Group on Editing and Review (SC III)

R. F. Reedy, Chair R. P. DeublerW. H. Borter B. A. ErlerM. N. Bressler W. C. LaRochelleD. L. Caldwell J. D. Stevenson

Project Team on Graphite Core Components (SC III)

T. D. Burchell, Chair M. P. LabarC. A. Sanna, Secretary L. C. LanzelR. L. Bratton S. M. MazurkiewiczM. W. Davies M. N. MitchellS. W. Doms N. N. NemethS. F. Duffy A. RambharosO. Gelineau M. Srinivasan

JOINT ACI-ASME COMMITTEE ONCONCRETE COMPONENTS FOR NUCLEAR SERVICE (SC 3C)

T. C. Inman, Chair M. F. HessheimerA. C. Eberhardt, Vice Chair D. C. JengC. A. Sanna, Secretary T. E. JohnsonT. D. Al-Shawaf N.-H. LeeJ. F. Artuso B. B. ScottH. G. Ashar R. E. ShewmakerM. Elgohary J. D. StevensonB. A. Erler A. Y. C. WongF. Farzam T. Watson, Liaison MemberJ. Gutierrez

xix

SUBCOMMITTEE ON HEATING BOILERS (SC IV)

P. A. Molvie, Chair B. W. MooreS. V. Voorhees, Vice Chair K. R. MoskwaG. Moino, Secretary E. A. NordstromT. L. Bedeaux T. M. ParksD. C. Bixby J. L. SeigleG. Bynog R. V. WielgoszinskiJ. Calland F. P. Barton, HonoraryC. M. Dove MemberW. L. Haag, Jr. R. B. Duggan, HonoraryJ. A. Hall MemberJ. D. Hoh R. H. Weigel, HonoraryD. J. Jenkins MemberW. D. Lemos J. I. Woodworth, HonoraryK. M. McTague Member

Subgroup on Care and Operation of Heating Boilers (SC IV)

S. V. Voorhees, Chair J. D. HohT. L. Bedeaux K. M. McTagueK. J. Hoey P. A. Molvie

Subgroup on Cast Iron Boilers (SC IV)

K. M. McTague, Chair P. A. LarkinT. L. Bedeaux W. D. LemosJ. P. Chicoine C. P. McQuigganJ. A. Hall K. R. Moskwa

Subgroup on Water Heaters (SC IV)

W. L. Haag, Jr., Chair K. M. McTagueJ. Calland F. J. SchreinerT. D. Gantt M. A. TaylorW. D. Lemos T. E. Trant

Subgroup on Welded Boilers (SC IV)

T. L. Bedeaux, Chair E. A. NordstromJ. Calland J. L. SeigleC. M. Dove R. V. WielgoszinskiB. G. French

SUBCOMMITTEE ONNONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (SC V)

J. E. Batey, Chair D. R. Quattlebaum, Jr.F. B. Kovacs, Vice Chair F. J. SattlerU. D’Urso, Secretary M. J. WheelS. J. Akrin B. H. Clark, Jr., HonoraryJ. E. Aycock MemberA. S. Birks H. C. Graber, HonoraryP. L. Brown MemberN. Y. Faransso O. F. Hedden, HonoraryA. F. Garbolevsky MemberG. W. Hembree J. R. Mackay, HonoraryR. W. Kruzic MemberJ. F. Manning T. G. McCarty, HonoraryW. C. McGaughey MemberR. D. McGuire



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Subgroup on General Requirements/Personnel Qualifications and Inquiries (SC V)

R. D. McGuire, Chair G. W. HembreeJ. E. Batey J. W. HoufA. S. Birks J. R. MacKayN. Y. Faransso J. P. Swezy, Jr.

Subgroup on Surface Examination Methods (SC V)

A. S. Birks, Chair R. W. KruzicS. J. Akrin D. R. Quattlebaum, Jr.P. L. Brown F. J. SattlerN. Y. Faransso M. J. WheelG. W. Hembree

Subgroup on Volumetric Methods (SC V)

G. W. Hembree, Chair R. W. HardyS. J. Akrin R. A. KellerhallJ. E. Aycock F. B. KovacsJ. E. Batey R. W. KruzicP. L. Brown J. F. ManningN. Y. Faransso W. C. McGaugheyA. F. Garbolevsky F. J. Sattler

Working Group on Acoustic Emissions (SG-VM) (SC V)

J. E. Aycock, Chair N. Y. FaranssoJ. E. Batey J. F. Manning

Working Group on Radiography (SG-VM) (SC V)

F. B. Kovacs, Chair A. F. GarbolevskyS. J. Akrin R. W. HardyJ. E. Aycock G. W. HembreeJ. E. Batey R. W. KruzicP. L. Brown T. L. PlasekN. Y. Faransso

Working Group on Ultrasonics (SG-VM) (SC V)

R. W. Kruzic, Chair J. F. ManningJ. E. Aycock W. C. McGaugheyN. Y. Faransso M. D. MolesO. F. Hedden F. J. SattlerR. A. Kellerhall

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS (SC VIII)

T. P. Pastor, Chair U. R. MillerK. Mokhtarian, Vice Chair C. C. NeelyS. J. Rossi, Secretary D. T. PetersR. J. Basile M. J. PischkeV. Bogosian M. D. RanaJ. Cameron G. B. Rawls, Jr.D. B. Demichael S. C. RobertsR. M. Elliott C. D. RoderyJ. P. Glaspie K. J. SchneiderM. Gold A. SelzW. S. Jacobs J. R. Sims, Jr.G. G. Karcher E. A. SteenK. T. Lau K. K. TamR. Mahadeen E. L. Thomas, Jr.R. W. Mikitka E. Upitis

xx

Subgroup on Design (SC VIII)

U. R. Miller, Chair T. P. PastorR. E. Knoblock, Secretary M. D. RanaO. A. Barsky G. B. Rawls, Jr.R. J. Basile S. C. RobertsM. R. Breach C. D. RoderyF. L. Brown A. SelzJ. R. Farr S. C. ShahJ. P. Glaspie J. C. SowinskiC. E. Hinnant C. H. SturgeonW. S. Jacobs D. A. SwansonM. D. Lower K. K. TamR. W. Mikitka E. L. Thomas, Jr.K. Mokhtarian R. A. Whipple

Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC VIII)

C. D. Rodery, Chair D. J. KreftE. A. Steen, Vice Chair C. D. LambJ. L. Arnold J. S. LeeW. J. Bees B. R. MorelockL. F. Campbell M. J. PischkeH. E. Gordon B. F. ShelleyW. S. Jacobs J. P. Swezy, Jr.

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC VIII)

S. C. Roberts, Chair M. D. LowerD. B. Demichael, Secretary C. C. NeelyR. J. Basile A. S. OlivaresV. Bogosian F. L. RichterR. M. Elliott K. J. SchneiderJ. P. Glaspie D. B. StewartK. T. Lau K. K. Tam

Subgroup on Materials (SC VIII)

J. Cameron, Chair M. KatcherE. E. Morgenegg, Secretary W. M. LundyD. C. Agarwal E. G. NisbettW. D. Doty D. W. RahoiJ. F. Grubb R. C. SutherlinE. L. Hibner E. Upitis

Special Working Group on Graphite Pressure Equipment(SC VIII)

S. Malone, Chair M. D. JohnsonU. D’Urso, Secretary M. R. MinickG. Braussen T. A. PindrohF. L. Brown E. SoltowS. W. Hairston A. A. Stupica

Special Working Group on Heat Transfer Equipment (SC VIII)

R. Mahadeen, Chair F. E. JehrioG. Aurioles, Secretary B. J. LerchJ. H. Barbee S. MayeuxO. A. Barsky U. R. MillerS. M. Caldwell T. W. NortonI. G. Campbell F. OsweillerM. D. Clark R. J. StastnyJ. I. Gordon S. YokellM. J. Holtz R. P. Zoldak



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Special Working Group on High-Pressure Vessels (SC VIII)

J. R. Sims, Jr., Chair P. JanssonD. T. Peters, Vice Chair J. A. KappS. Vasquez, Secretary J. KeltjensL. P. Antalffy D. P. KendallR. C. Biel A. K. KhareD. J. Burns M. D. MannP. N. Chaku S. C. MordreR. D. Dixon G. J. MrazM. E. Dupre E. H. PerezD. M. Fryer E. D. RollW. Hiller J. F. SullivanA. H. Honza F. W. TatarM. M. James S. Terada

Task Group on Impulsively Loaded Vessels (SC VIII)

R. E. Nickell, Chair J. E. Didlake, Jr.S. J. Rossi, Secretary T. A. DuffeyG. A. Antaki R. ForganD. D. Barker B. L. HaroldsenR. C. Biel H. L. HeatonD. W. Bowman E. A. RodriguezD. L. Caldwell J. R. Sims, Jr.A. M. Clayton

SUBCOMMITTEE ON WELDING (SC IX)

J. G. Feldstein, Chair R. D. McGuireW. J. Sperko, Vice Chair B. R. NewmarkJ. D. Wendler, Secretary A. S. OlivaresD. A. Bowers M. J. PischkeR. K. Brown, Jr. S. D. Reynolds, Jr.M. L. Carpenter M. J. RiceL. P. Connor M. B. SimsW. D. Doty G. W. Spohn IIIP. D. Flenner M. J. StankoJ. M. Given, Jr. P. L. Van FossonJ. S. Lee R. R. YoungW. M. Lundy

Subgroup on Brazing (SC IX)

M. J. Pischke, Chair C. F. JeeringsE. W. Beckman J. P. SwezyL. F. Campbell W. K. ScattergoodM. L. Carpenter

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC IX)

B. R. Newmark, Chair H. B. PorterP. R. Evans P. L. SturgillR. M. Jessee K. R. WillensA. S. Olivares

Subgroup on Materials (SC IX)

M. L. Carpenter, Chair S. D. Reynolds, Jr.J. L. Arnold H. A. SadlerM. Bernasek C. E. SainzL. P. Connor W. J. SperkoR. M. Jessee M. J. StankoC. C. Kim R. R. Young

xxi

Subgroup on Performance Qualification (SC IX)

D. A. Bowers, Chair K. L. HayesV. A. Bell J. S. LeeL. P. Connor W. M. LundyR. B. Corbit R. D. McGuireP. R. Evans M. B. SimsP. D. Flenner G. W. Spohn IIIJ. M. Given, Jr.

Subgroup on Procedure Qualification (SC IX)

D. A. Bowers, Chair M. B. SimsM. J. Rice, Secretary W. J. SperkoM. Bernasek J. P. SwezyR. K. Brown, Jr. P. L. Van FossonA. S. Olivares T. C. WiesnerS. D. Reynolds, Jr.

Honorary Member (SC IX)

W. K. Scattergood

SUBCOMMITTEE ONFIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS (SC X)

D. Eisberg, Chair B. M. LinnemannP. J. Conlisk, Vice Chair J. C. MurphyJ. N. Shih, Secretary D. J. PainterF. L. Brown D. J. PinellJ. L. Bustillos G. RamirezT. W. Cowley J. R. RichterT. J. Fowler B. F. ShelleyD. H. Hodgkinson F. W. Van NameL. E. Hunt D. O. Yancey, Jr.D. L. Keeler P. H. Ziehl

SUBCOMMITTEE ONNUCLEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION (SC XI)

G. C. Park, Chair W. E. NorrisR. W. Swayne, Vice Chair K. RhyneR. L. Crane, Secretary W. R. Rogers IIIW. H. Bamford, Jr. D. A. ScarthR. C. Cipolla F. J. Schaaf, Jr.D. D. Davis J. C. Spanner, Jr.R. L. Dyle J. E. StaffieraE. L. Farrow G. L. StevensR. E. Gimple E. W. Throckmorton IIIF. E. Gregor D. E. WaskeyK. Hasegawa R. A. WestD. O. Henry C. J. WirtzR. D. Kerr C. S. WithersS. D. Kulat R. A. YonekawaG. L. Lagleder K. K. YoonJ. T. Lindberg T. YuharaB. R. Newton



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Executive Committee (SC XI)

R. W. Swayne, Chair C. G. McCargarG. C. Park, Vice Chair W. E. NorrisW. H. Bamford, Jr. K. RhyneD. D. Davis F. J. Schaaf, Jr.R. L. Doyle J. C. Spanner, Jr.R. E. Gimple E. W. Throckmorton IIIF. E. Gregor R. A. YonekawaO. F. Hedden

Honorary Members (SC XI)

L. J. Chockie J. P. HoustrupC. D. Cowfer L. R. KatzO. F. Hedden P. C. Riccardella

Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SC XI)

W. H. Bamford, Jr., Chair D. R. LeeR. C. Cipolla H. S. MehtaS. Coffin J. G. MerkleG. H. De Boo S. RanganathT. J. Griesbach D. A. ScarthK. Hasegawa G. L. StevensD. N. Hopkins K. R. WichmanY. Imamura K. K. YoonK. Koyama

Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC XI)

R. C. Cipolla, Chair J. G. MerkleG. H. De Boo, Secretary M. A. MitchellW. H. Bamford, Jr. K. MiyazakiM. Basol R. K. QashuJ. M. Bloom S. RanganathE. Friedman P. J. RushB. R. Ganta D. A. ScarthT. J. Griesbach T. S. SchurmanF. D. Hayes W. L. ServerP. H. Hoang F. A. SimonenD. N. Hopkins K. R. WichmanY. Imamura G. M. WilkowskiK. Koyama K. K. YoonD. R. Lee S. YukawaH. S. Mehta V. A. Zilberstein

Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SG-ES) (SC XI)

T. J. Griesbach, Chair H. S. MehtaK. R. Baker R. PaceW. H. Bamford, Jr. S. RanganathH. Behnke F. A. SimonenB. A. Bishop G. L. StevensT. L. Dickson D. P. WeaklandS. R. Gosselin K. K. YoonS. N. Malik S. Yukawa

xxii

Working Group on Pipe Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (SC XI)

D. A. Scarth, Chair K. HasegawaG. M. Wilkowski, Secretary P. H. HoangT. A. Bacon D. N. HopkinsW. H. Bamford, Jr. K. K. KashimaR. C. Cipolla H. S. MehtaN. G. Cofie K. MiyazakiS. K. Daftuar J. S. PanesarG. H. De Boo P. J. RushE. Friedman K. K. YoonB. R. Ganta S. YukawaL. F. Goyette V. A. Zilberstein

Subgroup on Liquid-Metal–Cooled Systems (SC XI)

C. G. McCargar, Chair R. W. KingW. L. Chase

Working Group on Liquid-Metal Reactor Covers(SG-LMCS) (SC XI)

W. L. Chase, Chair

Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SC XI)

J. C. Spanner, Jr., Chair D. O. HenryC. J. Wirtz, Secretary M. R. HumN. R. Bentley G. L. LaglederT. L. Chan J. T. LindbergC. B. Cheezem G. A. LofthusD. R. Cordes G. R. PerkinsC. D. Cowfer A. S. ReedF. J. Dodd F. J. Schaaf, Jr.F. E. Dohmen M. F. SherwinM. E. Gothard

Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface,Visual, and Eddy Current Examination (SG-NDE) (SC XI)

M. F. Sherwin, Chair J. T. LindbergD. R. Cordes, Secretary D. R. Quattlebaum, Jr.B. L. Curtis A. S. ReedN. Farenbaugh J. C. Spanner, Jr.G. B. Georgiev C. J. WirtzD. O. Henry

Working Group on Pressure Testing (SG-WCS) (SC XI)

D. W. Lamond, Chair K. W. HallJ. M. Boughman, Secretary R. E. HallJ. J. Churchwell J. K. McClanahanS. Coffin A. McNeill IIIG. L. Fechter B. L. Montgomery

Working Group on Procedure Qualificationand Volumetric Examination (SG-NDE) (SC XI)

M. E. Gothard, Chair F. E. DohmenG. R. Perkins, Secretary R. KellerhallN. R. Bentley D. B. KingC. B. Cheezem D. KurekC. D. Cowfer G. L. LaglederS. R. Doctor G. A. LofthusF. J. Dodd C. E. Moyer



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Subgroup on Repair/Replacement Activities (SG-RRA)(SC XI)

R. A. Yonekawa, Chair R. D. KerrE. V. Farrell, Jr., Secretary S. L. McCrackenS. B. Brown B. R. NewtonR. E. Cantrell J. E. O’SullivanP. D. Fisher W. R. Rogers IIIE. B. Gerlach R. R. StevensonR. E. Gimple R. W. SwayneD. R. Graham D. E. WaskeyR. A. Hermann J. G. WeicksE. V. Imbro C. S. Withers

Working Group on Design and Programs (SG-RRA) (SC XI)

E. B. Gerlach, Chair G. F. HarttraftS. B. Brown, Secretary S. P. SekerakG. G. Elder R. R. StevensonE. V. Farrell, Jr. R. W. SwayneS. K. Fisher A. H. TaufiqueJ. M. Gamber T. P. Vassallo, Jr.D. R. Graham R. A. Yonekawa

Working Group on Welding and Special Repair Process(SG-RRA) (SC XI)

D. E. Waskey, Chair C. C. KimR. E. Cantrell, Secretary M. LauJ. A. Davis S. L. McCrackenS. J. Findlan B. R. NewtonP. D. Fisher J. E. O’SullivanA. J. Giannuzzi J. G. WeicksM. L. Hall K. R. WillensR. P. Indap E. V. Andruskiewicz, AlternateR. D. Kerr

Subgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SC XI)

E. W. Throckmorton III, Chair S. D. KulatJ. M. Agold, Secretary D. W. LamondG. L. Belew A. McNeill IIIJ. M. Boughman W. E. NorrisD. D. Davis D. SongH. Q. Do J. E. StaffieraJ. D. Ellis H. M. Stephens, Jr.E. L. Farrow K. B. ThomasM. J. Ferlisi R. A. WestO. F. Hedden G. E. WhitmanM. L. Herrera H. L. Graves III, Alternate

Working Group on Containment (SG-WCS) (SC XI)

J. E. Staffiera, Chair H. L. Graves IIIW. M. Lazear, Secretary H. T. HillH. Ashar R. D. HoughW. J. Briggs C. N. KrishnaswamyS. G. Brown D. NausK. K. N. Chao S. C. PetitgoutR. E. Ciemiewicz H. M. Stephens, Jr.R. C. Cox W. E. Norris, AlternateM. J. Ferlisi

xxiii

Working Group on ISI Optimization (SG-WCS) (SC XI)

E. A. Siegel, Chair R. E. HallD. R. Cordes, Secretary A. H. MahindrakarR. L. Turner, Secretary D. G. NaujockW. H. Bamford, Jr. M. F. SherwinN. R. Bentley K. B. ThomasJ. M. Boughman G. E. Whitman

Working Group on Implementation of Risk-Based Examination(SG-WCS) (SC XI)

S. D. Kulat, Chair D. W. LamondJ. M. Agold, Secretary J. T. LindbergA. McNeill III, Secretary I. MachS. A. Ali R. K. MattuB. A. Bishop P. J. O’ReganC. Cueto-Felgueroso N. A. PalmH. Q. Do M. A. PyneR. Fougerousse F. A. SimonenM. R. Graybeal R. A. WestK. W. Hall A. T. Keim, Alternate

Working Group on Inspection of Systems and Components(SG-WCS) (SC XI)

K. B. Thomas, Chair S. D. KulatD. Song, Secretary D. G. NaujockV. L. Armentrout T. NomuraG. L. Belew C. M. RossC. Cueto-Felgueroso R. L. TurnerH. Q. Do R. A. WestR. Fougerousse G. E. WhitmanM. R. Hum

Working Group on General Requirements (SC XI)

K. Rhyne, Chair E. L. FarrowE. J. Maloney, Secretary R. K. MattuT. L. Chan A. T. Roberts IIIJ. W. Crider S. R. ScottJ. D. Ellis C. S. Withers

Special Working Group on Editing and Review (SC XI)

R. W. Swayne, Chair C. J. WirtzJ. E. Staffiera

Special Working Group on Plant Life Extension (SC XI)

F. E. Gregor, Chair W. M. LazearD. V. Burgess, Secretary T. A. MeyerD. D. Davis R. L. TurnerP.-T. Kuo

Special Working Group on High Temperature Gas-CooledReactors (SC XI)

J. Fletcher, Chair M. A. LockwoodC. A. Greene, Secretary M. N. MitchellN. Broom A. RambharosK. N. Fleming F. J. Schaaf, Jr.W. A. O. Kriel R. W. SwayneB. J. Kruse



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SUBCOMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT TANKS (SC XII)

A. Selz, Chair M. R. MinickP. D. Stumpf, Secretary M. D. PhamA. N. Antoniou M. D. RanaC. Becht IV S. StaniszewskiM. L. Coats G. R. StoeckingerM. A. Garrett M. R. TothC. H. Hochman A. P. VargheseG. G. Karcher S. V. VoorheesG. McRae C. H. Walters

Subgroup on Design and Materials (SC XII)

M. D. Rana, Chair T. A. RogersG. G. Karcher A. P. VargheseS. L. McWilliams M. R. WardN. J. Paulick E. A. WhittleM. D. Pham

Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (SC XII)

S. V. Voorhees, Chair L. D. HolsingerJ. A. Byers D. J. KreftD. A. Canonico G. McRaeM. L. Coats M. R. MinickB. L. Gehl A. S. Olivares

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC XII)

C. H. Hochman, Chair K. L. GilmoreT. W. Alexander J. L. RademacherD. M. Allbritten T. RummelC. A. Betts G. R. StoeckingerJ. F. Cannon M. R. TothJ. L. Freiler C. H. WaltersW. L. Garfield L. WolpertM. A. Garrett

SUBCOMMITTEE ON BOILER ANDPRESSURE VESSEL ACCREDITATION (SC-BPVA)

W. C. LaRochelle, Chair V. Bogosian, AlternateP. D. Edwards, Vice Chair M. A. DeVries, AlternateK. I. Baron, Secretary C. E. Ford, AlternateW. J. Bees T. E. Hansen, AlternateM. B. Doherty G. L. Hollinger, AlternateR. M. Elliott D. J. Jenkins, AlternateP. C. Hackford B. B. MacDonald, AlternateK. T. Lau R. D. Mile, AlternateL. E. McDonald G. P. Milley, AlternateK. M. McTague T. W. Norton, AlternateB. R. Morelock H. R. Staehr, AlternateJ. D. O’Leary J. A. West, AlternateD. E. Tanner R. V. Wielgoszinski, AlternateB. C. Turczynski A. J. Spencer, HonoraryD. E. Tuttle Member

xxiv

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR ACCREDITATION (SC-NA)

R. R. Stevenson, Chair A. T. Roberts IIIW. C. LaRochelle, Vice Chair D. M. VickeryA. Bagner, Secretary G. Deily, AlternateV. Bogosian P. D. Edwards, AlternateM. N. Bressler J. W. Highlands, AlternateS. M. Goodwin B. G. Kovarik, AlternateK. A. Huber P. F. Prescott, AlternateM. Kotb D. E. Tanner, AlternateJ. C. Krane S. Toledo, AlternateC. A. Lizotte S. V. Voorhees, AlternateR. P. McIntyre C. H. Walters, AlternateM. R. Minick R. V. Wielgoszinski, AlternateH. B. Prasse H. L. Wiger, AlternateT. E. Quaka O. E. Trapp, Senior Consultant

SUBCOMMITTEE ON DESIGN (SC-D)

R. J. Basile, Chair D. P. JonesR. W. Barnes R. W. MikitkaM. R. Breach U. R. MillerR. P. Deubler W. J. O’DonnellG. G. Graven R. D. Schueler, Jr.G. L. Hollinger A. SelzR. I. Jetter

Subgroup on Design Analysis (SC-D)

G. L. Hollinger, Chair A. KalninsD. P. Jones, Chair W. J. KovesS. A. Adams G. A. MillerM. R. Breach W. D. ReinhardtR. G. Brown T. G. SeippC. S. Gerhard D. A. SwansonR. J. Gurdal G. TaxacherC. F. Heberling II E. L. Thomas, Jr.C. E. Hinnant R. A. WhippleP. Hirschberg

Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design (SC-D)

R. I. Jetter, Chair D. L. MarriottT. Asayama T. E. McGreevyC. Becht IV K. A. MooreJ. F. Cervenka W. J. O’DonnellD. S. Griffin D. A. OsageB. F. Hantz J. S. PorowskiM. H. Jawad B. RiouW. J. Koves M. S. SheltonS. Majumdar R. W. Swinderman

Subgroup on Fatigue Strength (SC-D)

W. J. O’Donnell, Chair D. P. JonesS. A. Adams G. KharshafdjianP. R. Donavin S. MajumdarR. J. Gurdal T. NakamuraC. F. Heberling II D. H. RoartyP. Hirschberg G. TaxacherP. Hsu H. H. Ziada



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Subgroup on Openings (SC-D)

M. R. Breach, Chair J. P. MaddenR. W. Mikitka, Secretary D. R. PalmerG. G. Graven J. A. PfeiferV. T. Hwang M. D. RanaJ. C. Light E. C. RodabaughR. B. Luney

Special Working Group on Bolted Flanged Joints (SC-D)

R. W. Mikitka, Chair J. R. PayneG. D. Bibel P. G. ScheckermannH. A. Bouzid R. W. SchneiderA. Chaudouet R. D. Schueler, Jr.E. Michalopoulos A. SelzS. N. Pagay M. S. Shelton

SUBCOMMITTEE ONSAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS (SC-SVR)

S. F. Harrison, Jr., Chair J. P. GlaspieJ. A. West, Vice Chair H. I. GreggC. M. Artibee, Secretary W. F. HartJ. F. Ball C. A. NeumannS. Cammeresi T. M. ParksJ. A. Cox D. K. ParrishR. D. Danzy D. J. ScallanD. B. Demichael J. C. StandfastR. J. Doelling Z. Wang

xxiv.1

Subgroup on Design (SC-SVR)

J. A. West, Chair H. I. GreggC. E. Beair D. MillerR. D. Danzy T. PatelR. J. Doelling T. R. Tarbay

Subgroup on General Requirements (SC-SVR)

D. B. Demichael, Chair T. M. ParksJ. F. Ball D. K. ParrishG. Brazier J. W. RamseyJ. P. Glaspie J. W. RichardsonC. A. Neumann J. C. Standfast

Subgroup on Testing (SC-SVR)

J. A. Cox, Chair W. F. HartJ. E. Britt K. G. RothS. Cammeresi D. J. ScallanG. D. Goodson Z. Wang

U.S. Technical Advisory Group ISO/TC 185Safety Relief Valves

T. J. Bevilacqua, Chair Y.-S. LaiC. M. Artibee, Secretary D. MillerS. F. Harrison, Jr. J. A. West



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INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

1 The use of fiber-reinforced plastics for the manufac-ture of pressure vessels presents unique materials consid-erations in the design, fabrication, and testing of thesevessels. Metallic vessels, being made from materialswhich are normally isotropic and ductile, are designedby using well-established allowable stresses based onmeasured tensile and ductility properties. In contrast,fiber-reinforced plastics are usually anisotropic and thephysical properties are dependent upon the fabricationprocess, the placement and orientation of the reinforce-ment, and the resin matrix. It is the purpose of this Intro-duction to describe in a general way the criteria that wereused in preparing Section X, Fiber-Reinforced PlasticPressure Vessels. A list of standards referenced in thisSection is provided in Table 1.1.

MATERIALS

2 It is not possible to fabricate a reinforced plasticpressure vessel of a single basic material for which thereis an ASTM specification. The vessel parts are made upof various basic materials, such as fiber reinforcementand resin, which are joined in the presence of a catalystto create a composite material that is formed into a vesselor vessel part by a specified process. The composite mate-rial will often have directional properties which shall beconsidered in design. General specifications for the basicmaterials (fiber reinforcement and resin) are stated, asare requirements for determination of elastic propertiesfor the composite material (laminate) produced. Elasticproperties of specific laminates used in vessel fabricationare required when mandatory rules are used for vesseldesign. Metallic materials, when used in conjunction withreinforced fiber laminates, are required to meet ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code specifications, SectionVIII, Division 1. That Section must be used for the design,fabrication, quality control, and inspection of such metal-lic parts. However, for hydrostatic leakage testing, thesemetallic materials that complete the vessel are requiredto meet Section X requirements.

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DESIGN

General3 Adequacy of specific designs shall be qualified by

one of two basic methods:1

(a) Class I Design — qualification of a vessel designthrough the pressure testing of a prototype;

(b) Class II Design — mandatory design rules andacceptance testing by nondestructive methods.

4 Class I designs based on the qualification of a proto-type vessel require that the minimum qualification pres-sure of the prototype be at least six2 times the designpressure. The maximum design pressure is limited to150 psi (1 MPa) for bag-molded, centrifugally cast, andcontact-molded vessels; 1500 psi (10 MPa) for filament-wound vessels; and 3000 psi (20 MPa) for filament-wound vessels with polar boss openings.

5 Class II designs based on mandatory design rulesand acceptance testing must comply with Article RD-11and Article RT-6. The maximum design pressure allowedunder this procedure shall be as specified in RD-1120.

Low Modulus Characteristics6 Fiber-reinforced plastic laminates may have a mod-

ulus of elasticity as low as 1.0 � 106 psi (6 900 MPa),compared with that of ferrous materials which may beof the order of 30 � 106 psi (2.1 � 105 MPa). This lowmodulus characteristic requires careful consideration ofvessel profile in order to minimize bending and avoidbuckling. Spherical heads or elliptical heads having anellipse ratio not greater than 2:1 are suggested. Sphericalheads are suggested when the material has isotropic prop-erties. Elliptical heads are preferred when the materialhas anisotropic properties.

Fatigue7 Like metallic materials, the composite material

(laminate) of fiber-reinforced plastic vessels, when

1 These two methods shall not be intermixed.2 An exception to this six times factor is applicable to vessels per

RG-404.2 (Filament Winding — Polar Boss Openings Only).



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A06 TABLE 1.1REFERENCED STANDARDS IN THIS SECTION

Title Number Year

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of ASTM D 445 2001Dynamic Viscosity)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics ASTM D 638 2003

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics ASTM D 695 2002a

Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics ASTM D 792 2000by Displacement

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Plasticizers Used in Plastics ASTM D 1045 1995 (2001)

Standard Test Methods for Epoxy Content of Epoxy Resins ASTM D 1652 1997

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Glass Strands, Yarns, and Rovings Used in ASTM D 2343 1995Reinforced Plastics

Standard Test Method for Apparent Interlaminar Shear Strength of Parallel Fiber Composites ASTM D 2344 2000by Short-Beam Method

Standard Test Method for Epoxy Resins and Related Components ASTM D 2393 1986

Standard Test Method for Gel Time and Peak Exothermic Temperature of Reacting ASTM D 2471 1999Thermosetting Resins

Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of Barcol Impressor ASTM D 2583 1995 (2001)

Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins ASTM D 2584 2002

Standard Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or Pressure Design Basis for “Fiberglass“ (Glass- ASTM D 2992 2001Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings

Standard Test Method for Volatile Matter (Including Water) of Vinyl Chloride Resins ASTM D 3030 2000

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials ASTM D 3039 2000

Standard Test Method for Fiber Content of Resin-Matrix Composite by Matrix Digestion ASTM D 3171 1999

Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties for Polymer Matrix Composite Materials ASTM D 3410 1995With Unsupported Gage Section by Shear Loading

Standard Test Method for In-Plane Shear Strength of Reinforced Plastics ASTM D 3846 2002

Standard Specification for Contact-Molded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Resin Corrosion- ASTM D 4097 2001Resistant Tanks

Standard Guide for Testing In-Plane Shear Properties of Composite Laminates ASTM D 4255 2001

Standard Test Method for Inplane Shear Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite ASTM D 5448 2000Cylinders

Standard Test Method for Transverse Compressive Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix ASTM D 5449 2000Composite Cylinders

Standard Test Method for Transverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix ASTM D 5450 2000Composite Cylinders

Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing SNT-TC-1A 1992

Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ASME B16.1 1998

Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings ASME B16.5 1996

Plain Washers ASME B18.22.1 1965 (1998)

GENERAL NOTE: The number following the standard indicates the year of original adoption, or in the case of revision, the year of the lastrevision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last approval.

xxvi



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stressed at sufficiently low levels, exhibits good fatiguelife. However, its low modulus of elasticity provides ahigher strain per unit of stress than metals used for metal-lic vessels.

8 Section X, therefore, requires that a Class I designthat is qualified by testing of a prototype vessel be pres-sure cycled 100,000 times over a pressure range of atmo-spheric to the design pressure; after this, the test vesselmust withstand a hydrostatic qualification test not lessthan six times the design pressure. An exception to this100,000 cycle requirement is applicable to vessels perRG-404.2 (Filament Winding — With Polar Boss Open-ings Only). That classification of vessels is designed fora 5:1 factor of safety which requires cycling from atmo-spheric to the design pressure for 33,000 cycles; afterthis, the test vessel must withstand a hydrostatic qualifi-cation test not less than five times the design pressure.

9 Class II vessels qualified using mandatory designrules and acceptance testing are not required to be sub-jected to the above cyclic and qualification pressure testcriteria.

Creep, Stress–Rupture, and Temperature Effects10 Fiber-reinforced plastic composite material (lami-

nate) is not subject to creep or failure due to low stress-to-rupture characteristics as are some other materials.The material does, however, lose ultimate strength as thetemperature is increased and gains strength but becomesmore brittle as the temperature is lowered. Its low thermalconductivity and ablative properties are other factors sig-nificantly affecting the behavior of this material in theevent of fire or other high-temperature environment. Themaximum design, operating, and test temperatures ofClass I vessels are set as follows:

(a) 150°F (65°C) for design temperatures less than orequal to 150°F (65°C);

(b) 250°F (120°C) or to within 35°F (19°C) of theglass transition temperature (whichever is lower) fordesign temperatures in excess of 150°F (65°C).

The maximum design, operating, and test temperaturesof Class II vessels are limited to an inside wall tempera-ture of 250°F (120°C) or to within 35°F (19°C) of theglass transition temperature of the resin (whichever islower). The minimum design temperature of both Class Iand Class II vessels shall be −65°F (−54°C) (see RD-112).

Fabrication11 Many processes are used in the fabrication of

fiber-reinforced composite materials (laminates). Class I

xxvii

vessels are limited to four processes, namely, filamentwinding, bag molding, contact molding, and centrifugalcasting. Class II vessels are limited to two processes,namely, filament winding and contact molding.

12 The fabrication of more than one Class I vesselmay be required to comply with the requirements forqualifying a design using the prototype vessel3 method.Once a specific design has been qualified, the quality ofsubsequent vessels of the same dimension and design isto be assured by carefully controlled fabrication proce-dures and rigid Quality Control Programs.

13 Every Class II vessel must be acceptance testedas specified in Article RT-6. Such tests must be docu-mented as having met the acceptance criteria of ArticleRT-6 and shall become part of the Fabricator’s DesignReport.

Inspection14 The general philosophy of Section VIII, Division

1, regarding inspection during fabrication is continued inthis Section. Familiarity with the laminate productionprocesses and the nature of vessel imperfections isrequired of the Inspector. Reliance is placed upon carefulauditing of the Fabricator’s Quality Control Program,close visual inspection of completed vessels by both Fab-ricator personnel and the Inspector, and acceptance test-ing where required by this Section.

15 This Section requires that all laminate and second-ary bonding work be without use of pigments, fillers, orresin putty mixtures except as permitted by the ProcedureSpecification used in fabricating the vessel or vessel part.

Liners16 Liners may be used in Section X vessels as a

barrier between the laminate and the vessel contents.Such liners shall not be considered part of the structuralcomponent of the vessel.

Units17 Either U.S. Customary, SI, or any local customary

units may be used to demonstrate compliance with allrequirements of this Edition (e.g., materials, design, fabri-cation, examination, inspection, testing, certification, andoverpressure protection).

18 In general, it is expected that a single system ofunits shall be used for all aspects of design except where

3 Prototype vessels used to qualify a design shall not be Code stamped.

04

A06



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unfeasible or impractical. When components are manu-factured at different locations where local customary unitsare different than those used for the general design, thelocal units may be used for the design and documentationof that component. Similarly, for proprietary componentsor those uniquely associated with a system of units differ-ent than that used for the general design, the alternateunits may be used for the design and documentation ofthat component.

19 For any single equation, all variables shall beexpressed in a single system of units. When separateequations are provided for U.S. Customary units and SIunits, those equations must be executed using variablesin the units associated with the specific equation. Dataexpressed in other units shall be converted to U.S. Cus-tomary units or SI units for use in these equations. Theresult obtained from execution of these equations maybe converted to other units.

20 Production, measurement and test equipment,drawings, welding procedure specifications, welding pro-cedure and performance qualifications, and other fabrica-tion documents may be in U.S. Customary, SI, or localcustomary units in accordance with the fabricator’s prac-tice. When values shown in calculations and analysis,fabrication documents, or measurement and test equip-ment are in different units, any conversions necessaryfor verification of Code compliance and to ensure thatdimensional consistency is maintained, shall be in accor-dance with the following:

xxviii

(a) Conversion factors shall be accurate to at least foursignificant figures.

(b) The results of conversions of units shall beexpressed to a minimum of three significant figures.

21 Material that has been manufactured and certifiedto either the U.S. Customary or SI material specification(e.g., SA-516M) may be used regardless of the unit sys-tem used in design. Standard fittings (e.g., flanges,elbows, etc.) that have been certified to either U.S. Cus-tomary units or SI units may be used regardless of theunits system used in design.

22 Conversion of units, using the precision specifiedin para. 20, shall be performed to assure that dimensionalconsistency is maintained. Conversion factors betweenU.S. Customary units and SI units may be found in theNonmandatory Appendix, Guidance for the Use of U.S.Customary and SI units in the ASME Boiler and PressureVessel Code. Whenever local customary units are used,the Manufacturer shall provide the source of the conver-sion factors which shall be subject to verification andacceptance by the Authorized Inspector or Certified Indi-vidual.

23 All entries on a Manufacturer’s Data Report anddata for Code required nameplate marking shall be inunits consistent with the fabrication drawings for thecomponent using U.S. Customary, SI, or local customaryunits. It is acceptable to show alternate units parentheti-cally. Users of this Code are cautioned that the receivingJurisdiction should be contacted to ensure the units areacceptable.



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