2004 gas lift seminar

8/16/2019 2004 Gas Lift Seminar

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Day 1


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ING Gas Lift Seminar Jakarta, Indonesia

March 8-11, 2004

Instrctor!

"ommy #hite

#$% &L 'DM, Gas Lift Systems


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUID

PRESSURE (PSI

D E P T !

( F T

T " D

#$$$

%$$$

&$$$

'$$$

$$$

)$$$

*$$$

$#$$$ %$$$$

OPERATING GAS LIFT "AL"E

CASING PRESSURE +!EN

+ELL IS ,EING GAS LIFTED

F,!P

S I , ! P

F L O + I N G T

U , I N G P R E S S U R E G R A D

I E N T

CONSTANT FLO+ GAS LIFT +ELL

DA- #

8:30a to 5:00p

• I.tr/0ucti/.

• I.tr/0ucti/. t/ Arti1icial Li1t

• Overvie2 /1 Ga3 Li1t

• C/.ti.u/u3 Fl/2 U.l/a0i.g Se4ue.ce• Ga3 Li1t "alve 5echa.ic3

• Ga3 Li1t E4ui6me.t Overvie2


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUID

PRESSURE (PSI

D E P T !

( F T

T " D

#$$$

%$$$

&$$$

'$$$

$$$

)$$$

*$$$

$#$$$ %$$$$




F,!P

S I , ! P

F L O + I N G T


I E N T


DA- %

8:30a to 5:00p

•Overvie2 /1 I.1l/2 7 Out1l/2 Per1/rma.ce

• Natural Ga3 la23 A66lie0 t/ Ga3 Li1t

• Ge.eral Pri.ci6le3 1/r Ga3 Li1t De3ig.

• Overvie2 /1 Ga3 Li1t De3ig. 5eth/03• IPO Ga3 Li1t De3ig.


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUID

PRESSURE (PSI

D E P T !

( F T T " D

#$$$

%$$$

&$$$

'$$$

$$$

)$$$

*$$$

$#$$$ %$$$$




F,!P

S I , ! P

F L O + I N G T


I E N T


DA- &

Morning – 8:30a to 11:30a

• +CP A.32er Pr/0uct3 a.0 S/1t2are Devel/6me.t3

• 5ar8 Strac8e

Afternoon – 1:00p to 6:00p

• IPO Ga3 Li1t De3ig. C/.ti.ue0

• PPO Ga3 Li1t De3ig.

• Ga3 Li1t O6timi9ati/.

• Tr/uble3h//ti.g

• Stabilit:• N/va "alve


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUID

PRESSURE (PSI

D E P T !

( F T T " D

#$$$

%$$$

&$$$

'$$$

$$$

)$$$

*$$$

$#$$$ %$$$$




F,!P

S I , ! P

F L O + I N G T


I E N T


DA- '

• Overvie2 /1 Pi6e3im

• Ga3 Li1t A.al:3i3 a.0 De3ig.

• Pi6e3im Ca3e Stu0ie3

• Ne2 Ga3 Li1t Tech./l/gie3• ;Li1t

• Fiber O6tic DTS


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Course Introduction

• Introductions

• Class Aims

• Instructor Aims

Insight into an “in-exact” science Informed questions

Understand limitations

Participate in gas lift design

Manual ersion

Pipesim ersion


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Introdction to&rti(cia) Lift


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Artifcial Lit or High-Volume

Production• Artifcial Lit is needed when

reservoir drive mechanisms do notsustain acceptable rates or cause

uids to ow at all• Lit processes transer energy

downhole or decreases the uiddensity in wellbores to reduce thehydrostatic load on ormations

• Artifcial Lit improves recovery byreducing the bottom hole pressureat which wells become naturallyuneconomical to produce

North &merica


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L! "pportunity and !usiness#rowth Potential

• Less than 10* of the +or)ds rodcin. oi) +e))s /o+natra))y

$ the remainin. 0* are rodced y some form ofarti(cia) )ift

• & si.ni(cant ma3ority of arti(cia))y )ifted +e))s are inmatre (e)ds

• When oil prices and the rig counts are low, installingand optimizing artifcial lit systems increases oiloutput and economic return

%nloc&ing Value $ "utput Above a !aseline 'ecline is the (arget o Artifcial Lit


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Artifcial Litystems

election involves manyparameters) criteria and

constraints*

+a&ing artifcial lit decisionsis primarily a process o

choosing the lit methodmost applicable to e,pectedsurace) reservoir) uid andoperational conditions


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eciprocating 'isplacementod Pumps

od Pumps combine a cylinder

.barrel/ and piston .plunger/ withvalves to transer well uids intothe tubing and displace the to thesurace*


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od Pumps

• +ost widely usedlit method

• imple application• Low intervention

cost

• 0conomic valueless than 1)222!P'

• estricted owrates

• Potential wellheadlea&s or spills• Problems with

deep producing

intervals• estrictions in

deviated wells


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%ro.ressin. $aityDis)acement %ms

Progressing cavity pumps arebased on rotary uiddisplacement* (his spiralsystem consists o a rotorturning inside a stationarystator*


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Progressing 3avity Pumps

• 4le,ible applicationmethods

• eliable whenproperly applied• esistant to

abrasives and

solids• 05cient power

usage

• estricted settingdepths

• 6ot compatiblewith somechemicals

• Limited operating

temperatures• estricted ow

rates


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In3ection Gas Lift

#as Lit usesrelatively highpressure gas to

supplementormation gas*Produced uids arelited by reducinguid density in

wellbore to lightedthe hydrostaticcolumn) or bac&pressure) load onormations*


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#as Lit

• (a&es ull advantageo the gas energyavailable in the

reservoir• High volume lit

method• Valves may be

retrieved by slic&lineor tubing• Handle abrasives and

sand

• +ust has a gassource

• 4ree7ing andhydrates areproblematic

• 'i5culty depletinglow productivity and

low pressure wellscompletely


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5ydra)ic-)ift %min.Systems

Hydraulic systems transerenergy downhole bypressuri7ing a special

power uid) usually a lightrefned or produced oil)that ows through welltubing to a subsuracepump) which transmits thepotential energy toproduced uids* 3ommonpumps consist o 8ets.venturi and orifceno77les/) reciprocatingpistons) or less widely used

rotating turbines*


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Hydraulic Pumps

• High volumes can beproduced rom greatdepths

• Pumps can be changed.circulated out/ withoutpulling the tubing

• Heavy and viscous

uids are easier toproduce ater mi,ingwith lighter poweruids

• Vulnerable to solids• Least e5cient lit

method• 9ell testing can be

di5cult due to poweruid included in theproduction stream


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6)ectric Smersi)e$entrif.a) %mSystems

0lectric submersiblesystems use multiplepump stages mountedin series within ahousing) mated closelyto submersible electric

motor on the end otubing and connected tosurace controls andelectric power by anarmor protected cable*


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0lectric ubmersible

Pumps• 9ide perormancerange and versatility

•3an operate in highangle and hori7ontalwells

• +ost e5cient and

economical litmethod on a cost-per-barrel basis

• (ubing must bepulled to change orrepair the pump

• 'epth and #"restrict capacity andoperating e5ciency

• Large volumes ogas can loc& up thepump


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r g er P r i v a t e"verview o #as Lit


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Periods o #as Lit

'evelopment• Prior to 1:;22= (his era consisted o liting by compressed air through theannulus or tubing* everal mine shats were unloaded*• 1>22 $ 1>?2= #ul 3oast Area @air or hire boom* uch amous felds as

pindle (op were produced by air lit*• 1>?2-1>?>= Application o straight gas lit with wide publicity rom the

eminole 4ield in "&lahoma*• 1>?>-1>D2= ince the end o 99EE) the pressure-operated valve haspractically replaced all other types o gas lit valves* Also in this eramany additional companies have ormed with most o them mar&etingsome version o the pressure operated valve*

• 1>D2 $ Present= chlumberger pioneers the use o 6odal Analysis as a

basis or analy7ing gas lit wells and predicting owing perormance as aunction o the total well system*


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3amcoFs #as Lit History

1047 Camco founded as Carlisle andMills Company to sellconventional gas lift equipment.

1048 Patent Issued on pressure

treatment of gas lift bellowsassembly to stabilize opening

pressure.

1091 Side pocket mandrel licenseobtained from Sid W.ic!ardson" Inc.


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Circa #


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3amcoFs #as Lit History

1098 #eveloped software for gas

lift installation design.

101 Patented $ series side pocket mandrels!ig!ly deviated wells.

1009 %ova gas lift orifice valve wasdeveloped &acquired by Camco

from '(S in )**+,


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chlumbe

rger


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+CP !ea04uarter3 = !/u3t/.> T; USA (Origi.al h/me /1 Camc/ 7 Camc/ I.ter.ati/.al I.c?+CP !ea04uarter3 = !/u3t/.> T; USA (Origi.al h/me /1 Camc/ 7 Camc/ I.ter.ati/.al I.c?


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Ga3 li1t 0ecrea3e3 1lui0 0e.3it: i. 2ellb/re3 b: re0uci.g

the h:0r/3tatic l/a0 /. 1/rmati/.3> 3/ that available

re3erv/ir e.erg: ca. cau3e i.1l/2> a.0 c/mmercial

h:0r/carb/. v/lume3 ca. be b//3te0 /r 0i36lace0 t/ the3ur1ace?

,: [email protected] relativel: high 6re33ure ga3 1r/m the 3ur1ace

t/ a 6re0etermi.e0 0e6th i. the 2ellb/re> the /6erat/r ca.

e11ectivel: re0uce the 6re33ure eerte0 /. the 1/rmati/.a.0 achieve 0e3ire0 level3 /1 1lui0 6r/0ucti/.?

Gas Lift


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&%%LI$&"I:NS :; G&S LI;"

• ": 6N&'L6 #6LLS "5&" #ILL N:" ;L:# N&" ": %=

• ": IN$=6&S6 %=:D


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A'VA6(A#0 "4 #A LE4(

• Enitial downhole eGuipment costs lower

• Low operational and maintenance cost

• implifed well completions

• 4le,ibility - can handle rates rom 12 to B2)222 bp

• 3an best handle sand gas well deviation

• Entervention relatively less e,pensive


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'EA'VA6(A#0 "4 #A LE4(

• +ust have a source o gas• Emported rom other felds

• Produced gas - may result in start up problems

• Possible high installation cost• (op sides modifcations to e,isting platorms

• 3ompressor installation

• Limited by available reservoir pressure

and bottom hole owing pressure


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(ypes o #as Lit

• 3ontinuous 4low #as Lit• Entermittent #as Lit


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3"6(E6%"% 4L"9 #A LE4(

• "6LI A(E4E3EAL LE4( +0(H"' (HA( 4%LLI %(ELEJ0 (H0 060#I4"+ (H0 4"+A(E"6 #A P"'%3(E"6

• 0K(06E"6 "4 6A(%AL 4L"9 !I %PPL0+06(E6# (H0 4"+A(E"6#A 9E(H A''E(E"6AL HE#H P0%0 #A

• #A E E603(0' 3"6(E6%"%LI E6(" (H0 P"'%3(E"6 3"6'%E(A( A +AKE+%+ '0P(H !A0' "6 AVAELA!L0 #A P0%0

• E603(E"6 #A +EK0 9E(H (H0 P"'%30' 90LL 4L%E' A6''030A0 (H0 4L"9E6# P0%0 #A'E06( "4 (H0 +EK(%0

• (H0 L"90 4L"9E6# P0%0 #A'E06( 0'%30 (H0 4L"9E6#!"(("+ H"L0 P0%0 (" 0(A!LEH A''E(E"6AL 'A9'"96


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APPLE3A(E"6 "4 3"6(E6%"% 4L"9 #A LE4(

• (" 06A!L0 90LL (HA( 9ELL 6"( 4L"9 6A(%ALLI (" P"'%30

• (" E630A0 P"'%3(E"6 A(0 E6 4L"9E6# 90LL

• (" %6L"A' A 90LL (HA( 9ELL LA(0 4L"9 6A(%ALLI

• (" 0+"V0 " %6L"A' 4L%E' E6 #A 90LL

• (" !A3M 4L"9 AL( 9A(0 'EP"AL 90LL

• (" LE4( AN%E40 90LL


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUID

PRESSURE (PSI

D E P T !

( F T T " D

#$$$

%$$$

&$$$

'$$$

$$$

)$$$

*$$$

$

#$$$ %$$$$




F,!P

S I , ! P

F L O +

I N G T U , I N G P R E S S U R E G R A D I E

N T



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INJ6$"I:N G&S

%=:D


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INTER5ITTENT FLO+ GAS LIFTINTER5ITTENT FLO+ GAS LIFT

LO+ PRODUCTION +ELLS (T-PICALL- B$$ ,FPDLO+ PRODUCTION +ELLS (T-PICALL- B$$ ,FPD

API GUIDELINES API GUIDELINES

! %& TU,ING #$$ TO #$ ,FPD%& TU,ING #$$ TO #$ ,FPD

! %* TU,ING %$$ TO &$$ ,FPD%* TU,ING %$$ TO &$$ ,FPD

! &#% TU,ING &$$ TO '$$ ,FPD&#% TU,ING &$$ TO '$$ ,FPD

& CATEGORIES& CATEGORIES

! INTER5ITTENT GAS LIFTINTER5ITTENT GAS LIFT

! C!A5,ER LIFTC!A5,ER LIFT

! PLUNGER LIFTPLUNGER LIFT


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Intermittent Gas Lift


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IN"6=MI""6N" G&S LI;"

• E6(0+E((06( E603(E"6 E6(" (H0 (%!E6#• L"9 !H4P

• 3H"M0 3"6("LL0' %(ELEE6# A PEL"( "P0A(0'

VALV0 " +"(" 3"6("LL0'

• O (IP0 "4 3"+PL0(E"6 = "P06) 0+E-3L"0' "3L"0'

• 4ALL!A3M L"0 (IPE3ALLI B - D P0 1 222 4( "4

(%!E6#

• 0N%E0 APE' E603(E"6 "4 #A Q PEL"( "P0A(0'#A LE4( VALV0

INTER5ITTENT GAS IFTINTER5ITTENT GAS LIFT


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INTER5ITTENT GAS LIFTINTER5ITTENT GAS LIFT


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3HA+!0 LE4( #A LE4(3HA+!0 LE4( #A LE4(


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3HA+!0 LE4( #A LE4(3HA+!0 LE4( #A LE4(

• N:=M&LL> ;:= L:# '5% &%%LI$&"I:NS

• ;&$ILI"&"6S L&=G6 SL


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PL%6#0 LE4(PL%6#0 LE4(

• +03HA6E3AL !AE0 A( (H0 E6(04A30 0'%30 4ALL!A3M +03HA6E3AL !AE0 A( (H0 E6(04A30 0'%30 4ALL!A3M

• 600' 90LLH0A' +"'E4E3A(E"6 A6' !I-PA (H"%#H PL%6#0600' 90LLH0A' +"'E4E3A(E"6 A6' !I-PA (H"%#H PL%6#0• 6" (AP0 E6 (H0 90LL Q 6" A40(I VALV06" (AP0 E6 (H0 90LL Q 6" A40(I VALV0


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S ch l um b er g er P r i v a t e3ontinuous 4low %nloadingeGuence


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INJECTION GAS

TO SEPARATORSTOCH TANH

INJECTION GAS



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INJECTION GAS


INJECTION GAS



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INJECTION GAS


INJECTION GAS


PLUGGED


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUID


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E603(E"6 #A3H"M0 "P06

(" 0PAA("("3M (A6M

TP VALV% P%N

S%CN& VALV%

P%N

THI"& VALV%P%N

'U"TH VALV%P%N

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

2000 4000

P"%SSU"% PSI

& % P T H ' T

T V &

SIBHPTUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

30001000 #000 6000 $000


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E603(E"6 #A

3H"M0 "P06

(" 0PAA("("3M (A6M

TP VALV% P%N

S%CN& VALV%P%N

THI"& VALV%P%N

'U"TH VALV%P%N

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

2000 4000

P"%SSU"% PSI

& % P T H

' T T V &


CASING P"%SSU"%

30001000 #000 6000 $000


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g er P r i v a t e

E603(E"6 #A3H"M0 "P06

(" 0PAA("("3M (A6M

TP VALV% P%N

S%CN& VALV%

P%N

THI"& VALV%P%N

'U"TH VALV%P%N

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

2000 4000

P"%SSU"% PSI

& % P T H '

T T V &


CASING P"%SSU"%

30001000 #000

&"A(&(N

6000 $000

'BHP


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E603(E"6 #A3H"M0 "P06

(" 0PAA("("3M (A6M

TP VALV% P%N

S%CN& VALV%P%N

THI"& VALV%P%N

'U"TH VALV%P%N

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

2000 4000

P"%SSU"% PSI

& % P T H ' T

T V &

TUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

30001000 #000

&"A(&(N

6000 $000

'BHP SIBHP


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g er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e

E603(E"6 #A3H"M0 "P06

(" 0PAA("("3M (A6M

TP VALV% CLS%&

S%CN& VALV%P%N

THI"& VALV%P%N

'U"TH VALV%P%N

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

2000 4000

P"%SSU"% PSI

& % P T H

' T T V &

TUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

30001000 #000

&"A(&(N

6000 $000

'BHP SIBHP


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g er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e

E603(E"6 #A3H"M0 "P06

(" 0PAA("("3M (A6M

TP VALV% CLS%&

S%CN& VALV%P%N

THI"& VALV%P%N

'U"TH VALV%P%N

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

2000 4000

P"%SSU"% PSI

& % P T H '

T T

V &

TUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

30001000 #000

&"A(&(N

6000 $000

'BHP SIBHP


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S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e

E603(E"6 #A3H"M0 "P06

(" 0PAA("("3M (A6M

TP VALV% CLS%&

S%CN& VALV%

CLS%&

THI"& VALV%P%N

'U"TH VALV%P%N

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

2000 4000

P"%SSU"% PSI

& % P T H

' T T V &

TUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

30001000 #000

&"A(&(N

6000 $000

'BHP SIBHP


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S ch l um b er

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FIGURE & Eam6le /1 the U.l/a0i.g Se4ue.ce

Ca3i.g O6erate0 "alve3 a.0 Ch/8e C/.tr/l /1 I.@ecti/. Ga3

"

#""

$""

%""

&""

'"""

'#""

'$""

'%""

'&""

#"""

'#("" AM ")("" AM "%("" AM "*("" AM '#("" PM ")("" PM "%("" PMTime

P r e 3 3 u r e 6 3 i

P+,--U+, CA-I./ P+,--U+, 0U1I./


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S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e#as Lit Valve +echanics


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S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er

g er P r i v a t e

& ba3ic t:6e3 /1 ga3 li1t valve> each available i. # 7 ##% 3i9e3

Dumm: valve3 Ori1ice valve3 U.l/a0i.g valve3

• S4uare e0ge0S4uare e0ge0• "e.turi (./va"e.turi (./va

• I.@ecti/. 6re33ure (ca3i.gI.@ecti/. 6re33ure (ca3i.g/6erate0 valve3/6erate0 valve3

• Pr/0ucti/. 6re33ure (1lui0Pr/0ucti/. 6re33ure (1lui0

/6erate0 valve3/6erate0 valve3

GAS LIFT "AL"E 5EC!ANICS


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UNLOADING "AL"ES

"AL"E OPENING 7 CLOSING PRESSURES


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"AL"E OPENING 7 CLOSING PRESSURES

UN ,ALANCED "AL"EUN ,ALANCED "AL"E

F K P ; AF K P ; A

Pc#

P0P0

PtPt

+!EN T!E "AL"E IS CLOSED+!EN T!E "AL"E IS CLOSED

TO OPEN IT??TO OPEN IT??

P0 AbKP0 AbK Pc#

(Ab A6 M Pt A6P0P0

Pc

%

+!EN T!E "AL"E IS OPEN+!EN T!E "AL"E IS OPEN

TO CLOSE IT??TO CLOSE IT??

P0 KP0 K Pc%

(Ab


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUID

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

1000 2000

& % P T H '

T T V &

TUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

1#00#00 2#00

&"A(&(N

3000 3#00

'BHP SIBHP


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GAS LIFT "AL"ES CLOSE IN SEUENCE

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

1000 2000

& % P T H '

T T V &

TUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

1#00#00 2#00

&"A(&(N

3000 3#00

'BHP SIBHP

CASING P?CASING P?

TO OPENTO OPENCASING PCASING P

TO CLOSETO CLOSE


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INJECTION GAS

PRODUCED FLUIDTO OPENTO OPEN TO CLOSETO CLOSE

AT SURFACEAT SURFACE

"AL"E Q #"AL"E Q #

"AL"E Q %"AL"E Q %

"AL"E Q &"AL"E Q &

DO5E P?DO5E P?

#%$$ PSI#%$$ PSI

#%)$ PSI#%)$ PSI

#&$$ PSI#&$$ PSI

NOTE ALL "AL"ES &#) R%$NOTE ALL "AL"ES &#) R%$

R K $?$& #R K $?


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© Schlumberger



Pt

Pc

P23ome

1ello4s

quare ,dgedeat

Chec5 al6e

Che6ronPac5ing

tac5

.itrogen Charged 1ello4s 07pe

In8ection Pressure 9Casing: ;perated /as


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Pt

Pc

P23ome

1ello4s

0apered0>C> eat

Chec5 al6e

Che6ronPac5ingtac5

.itrogen Charged 1ello4s 07peProportional +esponse /as 1all

Pt

Pc

Atmospheric1ello4s

quare ,dgedeat

Chec5 al6e

Che6ronPac5ing

tac5

pring ;perated

In8ection Pressure 9Casing: ;perated /as


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© Schlumberger



(ypical #as Lit Valve (est !ench

• Pre33ure Gauge Calibrate0 i. PSI I.creme.t3Pre33ure Gauge Calibrate0 i. PSI I.creme.t3

• O6erat/r 5a.ual3 available via I.T/uchO6erat/r 5a.ual3 available via I.T/uch

• "alve Calibrati/. 7 Re6air Pr/ce0ure3"alve Calibrati/. 7 Re6air Pr/ce0ure3

• ,ell/23 Agi.g Pr/ce0ure3,ell/23 Agi.g Pr/ce0ure3

Procedures and pecifcations

• Enspecting 0lastomeric ealing

3omponents

• 3ontrol of 0ngineering

'rawings !ills of +aterials

• 'esign 3ontrol of #as Lift

Products

• +anufacturing Process 3ontrol

• eceiving Enspection

• 4inal and En-Process Enspection

• #as Lift Valve !ellows

Assemblies

• Valve Assembly

• 4unctional (esting for #as Lift

Valves and everse 4low

3hec& Valves


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© Schlumberger




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© Schlumberger




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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e#as Lit 0Guipment"verview


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http://../Documents/Gas%20Lift/Gas%20Lift%20Training/Gas%20Lift%20Design/GLworkshop1.ppt


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e


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GAS LIFT "AL"E FEATURES


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

GAS LIFT "AL"E FEATURES

,ell/23 6r/tecti/.5a 0/me charge

Chec8 valve

Stem travel

5etallurg:Ela3t/mer3


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

$ritica) ?a)e$omonents

everse 4low 3hec& Valves


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

# ,H #? R%$

T:6ical I.@ecti/. Pre33ure O6erate0

(IPO

Ga3 Li1t "alve3


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"rifce Valves


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

"rifce Valves

0here are # 07pes of ;rifice al6es(

• @UA+,3 ,3/,3 ;+I=IC,

• ,.0U+I 9.;A:

• ;rifice al6es are designed for accurate gas passage prediction>

• ;ne-4a7 chec5 6al6e for tu2ing integrit7>


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S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e


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http://../Documents/Gas%20Lift/Gas%20Lift%20Training/Gas%20Lift%20Design/NGA%20Gas%20Lift_PowerLift/Presentations/Mandrel%20Plant%20A.ppt


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e


102/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

P+ 6omenclature


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e

=etriea)e Gas Lift ?a)

lic&line-retrievable gas-lit valvescan be installed or removed

without pulling tubing* Mic&overtools are designed to selectivelylocate side-poc&et mandrels*


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g

er P r i v a t e


Slic8li.e O6erati/.3


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urace 4low 3ontrol


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© Schlumberger



0Guipment• Primary Purpose

$ $ontro) and measre /o+ from arodcin. oi) and .as +e)),secondary recoery +ater or .asin3ection +e)) and in3ected .as in a

.as )ift (e)d oerationE

• econdary Purpose$ =ea) time /o+ contro) measrement

+hich a))o+s recise a)e

ositionin. from a remote ="$ y seof an e)ectronic actator +ith 4-Fomaor di.ita) hart commnication contro)E

urace 4low 3ontrol


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© Schlumberger



urace 4low 3ontrol

0Guipment• &)ications$ &)) rodcin. oi) and .as +e))s

$ %)atform .as )ift manifo)ds$ #ater or .as secondary recoeryressremaintenance ro3ects

$ &)) +e))s em)oyin. e)ectrica) smersi)e msystems


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Prevent everse 4low into


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© Schlumberger



Prevent everse 4low into

#as Lit Lines• 4loating seat acts as chec& valve toprevent reverse ow

3amco+erla 43V ow control valve

3622>>:

3622>>:

"ptional eat or everse 4low 3hec&


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PRODUCED FLUID CONSTANT FLO+ GAS LIFT +ELL

E.0 /1 DA- #


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© Schlumberger



INJECTION GASPRESSURE (PSI

D E P T !

( F T T " D

#$$$

%$$$

&$$$

'$$$

$$$

)$$$

*$$$

$#$$$ %$$$$




F,!P

S I , ! P

F L O + I N G T

U , I N G P R E S S U R E G R A D I E N T

8:30a to 5:00p

• I.tr/0ucti/.• I.tr/0ucti/. t/ Arti1icial Li1t

• Overvie2 /1 Ga3 Li1t

• C/.ti.u/u3 Fl/2 U.l/a0i.g Se4ue.ce

• Ga3 Li1t "alve 5echa.ic3

• Ga3 Li1t E4ui6me.t Overvie2

UESTIONS


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S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e"verview o Enow and"utow Perormance

f eparator

Si.gle +ell Pr/0ucti/. S:3tem


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© Schlumberger


S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

Pe

Pr P4fsP4f

Pdr

Pur

Pus6

Pds6

P4h

Pdsc Psep

3P' B Pr - P4fs B


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S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

INJECTION GAS

+ELL

INFLO+ (IPR

+ELL OUTFLO+

RELATIONS!IP

("LP /r (TPC

SANDFACE

PRESSURE

,!FP

RESER"OIR

PRESSURE

,OTTO5 !OLE PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF FLO+RATE,OTTO5 !OLE PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF FLO+RATE

PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AS A FUNCTION OF PRODUCTION RATEPRODUCTION POTENTIAL AS A FUNCTION OF PRODUCTION RATE


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S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

+ELL 7 RESER"OIR INFLO+ PERFOR5ANCE

( Successful design depends upon prediction of flow rate)

T-PES OF RESER"OIR DRI"ES

• S/luti/. ga3 0rive

• Ga3 ca6 0rive

• +ater 0rive


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

+ELL 7 RESER"OIR INFLO+ PERFOR5ANCE( Successful design depends upon prediction of flow rate)

GAS CAP DRI"E RESER"OIR• Ga3 1r/m 3/luti/. 2ill 1/rm ga3 ca6• +ith 6r/0ucti/. ga3 ca6 i.crea3e3 6r/vi0i.g 0rive• Ece33ive 0ra20/2. ca. cau3e ga3 c/.i.g

• Pr/0uctivit: I.0e i3 u3uall: ./t li.ear • GOR c/.3ta.t ece6t .ear 0e6leti/.


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IDEAL FLO+ ASSU5PTIONSIDEAL FLO+ ASSU5PTIONS

• I0eal 2ell


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S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

I0eal 2ell

• Purel: ra0ial 1l/2

• I.1i.ite re3erv/ir

• U.i1/rm thic8.e33

• Stabili9e0 1l/2

• Si.gle 6ha3e

• Ab/ve bubble 6/i.t

• !/m/ge.e/u3 7 i3/tr/6ic re3erv/ir

• Per1/rati/.3 6e.etrate thr/ugh/ut re3erv/ir • Re3erv/ir 3ha6e

• Pr/imit: /1 2ellb/re

• +ellb/re clea. u.ca3e0

• N/ 38i.

• Darc:3 la2

NON IDEAL FLO+


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S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

• De6arture3 1r/m Darc:3 la2

• E11ect3 at b/u.0arie3

• P/3iti/. /1 2ell

• N/. h/m/ge.e/u3 re3erv/ir

• Per1/rati/. 6/3iti/.3

• !igh vel/citie3

• Flui0 t:6e high GOR

• Tra.3ie.t behavi/r

• Relative 6ermeabilit: e11ect3 /il2aterga3 .ear the 2ellb/re

• De6leti/. i1 re3erv/ir

• Fl/2 re3tricti/.3 (38i.


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S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e


PRODUCTI"IT- INDE;

The relati/.3hi6 bet2ee. 2ell i.1l/2 rate a.0 6re33ure

0ra20/2. ca. be e6re33e0 i. the 1/rm /1 a Pr/0uctivit:

I.0e> 0e./te0 PI 2here

4

4 K PI(P23 P21 /r PI K

P23 P21


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+ELL 7 RESER"OIR INFLO+ PERFOR5ANCE( S f l d i d d di ti f fl t )


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

( Successful design depends upon prediction of flow rate)

"OGEL

Dime.3i/.le33 re1ere.ce curve ba3e0 /. the 1/ll/2i.g

e4uati/.

ma K # $?%(P21 P23 $?(P21 P23%

2here K the li4ui0 6r/0ucti/. rate> 3tb0

ma K the maimum li4ui0 rate 1/r #$$ 0ra20/2.

P21 K b/tt/m h/le 1l/2i.g 6re33ure> 63i

P23 K the re3erv/ir 6re33ure> 63i

Dime.3i/.le33 I.1l/2 Per1/rma.ce Relati/.3hi6 Curve 1/r S/luti/.


139/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e

6

Ga3 Drive Re3erv/ir (a1ter "/gel

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P b h 1 E P b h 3


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142/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g e

r P r i v a t e


SU55AR- OF FACTORS AFFECTING PREDICTIONOF +ELL PRODUCTION

• Pre3e.ce /1 three 6ha3e 1l/2

• Nature /1 0rive mecha.i3m3

• Ph:3ical .ature /1 re3erv/ir (./. h/m/ge.e/u3

• Availabilit: /1 3tabili9e0 1l/2

• Cha.ge3 /ver time 7 0ra20/2.

• I.crea3e0 ga3 3/luti/. .ear 2ellb/re• Stabili3e0 1l/2 .ear 2ellb/re

• Fl/2 regime .ear 2ellb/re

• Critical 1l/2 at 2ellb/re

PRODUCED FLUIDSURFACE PRESSURE


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© Schlumberger



INJECTION GAS

+ELL

INFLO+ (IPR

+ELL OUTFLO+

RELATIONS!IP

("LP /r (TPC

SANDFACE

PRESSURE

,!FP

RESER"OIR

PRESSURE

,OTTO5 !OLE PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF FLO+RATE,OTTO5 !OLE PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF FLO+RATE

PRODUCTION POTENTIAL AS A FUNCTION OF PRODUCTION RATEPRODUCTION POTENTIAL AS A FUNCTION OF PRODUCTION RATE


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OUTFLO+ PERFOR5ANCE AND 5ULTIP!ASE FLO+MO!M!"# O$ A M%'! O$ $!! AS!S A"* +%,'%*S


145/317

© Schlumberger



"ertical 1l/2i.g gra0ie.t3

!/ri9/.tal 1l/2i.g gra0ie.t3

• Select c/rrect tubi.g 3i9e• Pre0ict 2he. arti1icial li1t 2ill be re4uire0

• De3ig. arti1icial li1t 3:3tem3• Determi.e ,!FP• Determi.e PI• Pre0ict maimum a.0/r /6timum 1l/2 rate

• Determi.e maimum 0e6th /1 i.@ecti/.

FACTORS EFFECTING TPC"LP


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• TPC i3 a 1u.cti/. /1 6h:3ical 6r/6ertie3 ./t i.1l/2

• Tubi.g i0• +all r/ugh.e33

• I.cli.ati/.

• Li4ui0 ga3 0e.3it:

• Li4ui0 ga3 vi3c/3it:

• Li4ui0 ga3 vel/cit:

• +ell 0e6th li.e le.gth3

• Sur1ace 6re33ure

• +atercut

• GOR GLR

• Li4ui0 3ur1ace te.3i/.

• Fl/2rate


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tatic 4luid #radients


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© Schlumberger



A uid gradient is a measurement o the rateo change o uid pressure or a given verticalcolumn length* Et is most oten e,pressed inpounds per sGuare inch per oot o vertical

length) psit*

Pressure .psi/ Q #s .psit/ , L .t*/ #s Q tatic uid gradient in psit

L Q 4luid column vertical length in eet


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4luid Properties


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© Schlumberger


S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

APE #ravity $ e,pressed in degrees APE and is another to calculate theweight o oil in psit* Et is not a measure o viscosity and is most otene,pressed in pounds per gallon .lbsgal/*

(he APE gravity o resh water is 12W

Gs H B141E9C B11E9 &%IC 0E4 sift

0,ample= 9hat is the gradient o OOW APE #ravity "ilX#s Q .1


154/317

© Schlumberger


S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

4or #as Lit applications various gas measurementcalculations are important* #as volume is typicallye,pressed in tandard 3ubic 4eet .34/) onethousand standard cubic eet .+34/ etc*

#as Volume


155/317

© Schlumberger


S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

En #as Lit the gas-to-liGuid ratio .#L/ and the gas-to-oil ratio .#"/

are important*#" Q #as Volume .34/ No .!!L/

#" Q #as-to-"il atio .34!!L/#as Volume Q total ormation gas in 34No Q total volume o oil in barrels

4#" .34!!L/ Q 4ormation gas Volume .34'ay/ No4#" Q 4ormation #L .34!!L/#as Volume Q (otal volume o gas rom ormationNo Q oil production rate .!!Lday/

#as Volume


156/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

En #as Lit the gas-to-liGuid ratio .#L/ and the gas-to-oil ratio .#"/ areimportant*;GL= H ;G:= * :i)

4#L Q 4ormation #L

"il Q "il as a percentage o total uid

IGL= H In3ection Gas ?o)me BS$;DayC At B'L%DC

E#L Q En8ection gas-to-liGuid ratioNt Q (otal uid production .!LP'/

"GL= H "ota) Gas ?o)me BS$;DayC At B'L%DC

(#L Q (otal gas-to-liGuid ratio .34!!L/


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

6atural #as Laws Appliedto

#as Lit

GAS CALCULATIONS RELATED TO GAS LIFT S-STE5S


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

• Ga3 i.@ecti/. 6re33ure at 0e6th

• Tem6erature e11ect /. bell/23charge0 0/me 6re33ure

• "/lumetric ga3 thr/ugh6ut /1 a ch/8e /r G?L? "alve 6/rt



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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

GAS INJECTION PRESSURE AT DEPT!

S?G? L

&?&' T

PL K PSe

+here e K %?*#%

PL K Pre33ure at 0e6th> 63ia

PS K Pre33ure at 3ur1ace> 63ia

S?G? K Ga3 S6eci1ic Gravit:L K De6th> 1eet

T K Average Tem6 Degree3 R

K Average C/m6re33ibilit: 1/r T

a.0 average 6re33ure



160/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

GAS INJECTION PRESSURE AT DEPT!

VRule /1 thumb E4uati/. ba3e0 /. S?G? /1 $?)>

a ge/thermal gra0ie.t at #?)$F#$$1t a.0 a 3ur1ace

tem6erature /1 *$$F

PL K PS M (%?& PS L

#$$ #$$$

+here PL K Pre33ure at 0e6th> 63ia

PS K Pre33ure at 3ur1ace> 63ia

L K De6th> 1eet

GAS +EIG!TGAS +EIG!T

0 1000 20001#00#00 2#00 3000 3#00


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

0

2000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

4000

1000 2000

& % P T H '

T T

V &

TUBING P"%SSU"%

CASING P"%SSU"%

1#00#00 2#00

&"A(&(N

3000 3#00

'BHP SIBHP

TE5PERATURE EFFECT ON CONFINED ,ELLO+S


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

C!ARGED DO5E PRESSURE

5a@/r A0va.tage3 /1 Nitr/ge.

•Availabilit:

•N/.e6l/3ive•N/. c/rr/3ive•Pre0ictable c/m6re33ibilit:•Pre0ictable tem6erature e11ect

TE5PERATURE EFFECT ON CONFINED ,ELLO+S


163/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

C!ARGED DO5E PRESSURE

P% K P# ; Tc

+here P# K Pre33ure at i.itial tem6erature

P% K Pre33ure re3ulti.g 1r/m cha.ge /1 tem6erature

Tc K Tem6erature c/rrecti/. 1act/r

a.0

# M $?$$%# (T% )$

Tc K

# M $?$$%# (T# )$

+here T# K I.itial tem6erature> Deg F

T% K Pre3e.t tem6erature Deg F


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© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

PRESSURE (PSI

SU,CRITICALFLO+

PCASING

PTU,ING K

ORIFICE FLO+

G A S I N J E C T

I O N

R A T E ( 5 5 S C F

D

Ga3 Pa33age thr/ugh a RDO Ori1ice "alve 2ith a #E%W P/rt(#)& 0 F G S G $ & Di h C 11i i t $ '


166/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

(#)& 0eg F> Ga3 S?G? $?&> Di3charge C/e11icie.t $?'

"

'

#

)

$

C

%

D

&

*

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Pre33ure 63i

G a 3 F l / 2 R a t e 5 5 S C F E D

RDO Ori1ice "alve> %'E)'W P/rt> C0 K $?F)


167/317

© Schlumberger

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

> >

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G a 3 F l / 2 r a t e ( m

m 3 c 1

Calculated =lo4rate Measured =lo4rate




GAS LIFT DESIGNSGAS LIFT DESIGNS


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S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

S ch l um b er g er

P r i v a t e

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