2004s-13 early initiation of highly active antiretroviral ...il s'avère que des patients...

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Série Scientifique Scientific Series 2004s-13 Early Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) for HIV/Aids: The Contribution of a Stochastic Dynamic Model of Choice Pierre Lasserre, Jean-Paul Moatti, Antoine Soubeyran Montréal Mars 2004 © 2004 Pierre Lasserre, Jean-Paul Moatti, Antoine Soubeyran. Tous droits réservés. All rights reserved. Reproduction partielle permise avec citation du document source, incluant la notice ©. Short sections may be quoted without explicit permission, if full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

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Série Scientifique Scientific Series

2004s-13

Early Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) for HIV/Aids: The Contribution of a Stochastic Dynamic Model of Choice

Pierre Lasserre, Jean-Paul Moatti,

Antoine Soubeyran

Montréal Mars 2004

© 2004 Pierre Lasserre, Jean-Paul Moatti, Antoine Soubeyran. Tous droits réservés. All rights reserved. Reproduction partielle permise avec citation du document source, incluant la notice ©. Short sections may be quoted without explicit permission, if full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.

CIRANO

Le CIRANO est un organisme sans but lucratif constitué en vertu de la Loi des compagnies du Québec. Le financement de son infrastructure et de ses activités de recherche provient des cotisations de ses organisations-membres, d’une subvention d’infrastructure du ministère de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie, de même que des subventions et mandats obtenus par ses équipes de recherche.

CIRANO is a private non-profit organization incorporated under the Québec Companies Act. Its infrastructure and research activities are funded through fees paid by member organizations, an infrastructure grant from the Ministère de la Recherche, de la Science et de la Technologie, and grants and research mandates obtained by its research teams.

Les organisations-partenaires / The Partner Organizations PARTENAIRE MAJEUR . Ministère du développement économique et régional [MDER] PARTENAIRES . Alcan inc. . Axa Canada . Banque du Canada . Banque Laurentienne du Canada . Banque Nationale du Canada . Banque Royale du Canada . Bell Canada . BMO Groupe Financier . Bombardier . Bourse de Montréal . Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec . Développement des ressources humaines Canada [DRHC] . Fédération des caisses Desjardins du Québec . GazMétro . Hydro-Québec . Industrie Canada . Ministère des Finances [MF] . Pratt & Whitney Canada Inc. . Raymond Chabot Grant Thornton . Ville de Montréal . École Polytechnique de Montréal . HEC Montréal . Université Concordia . Université de Montréal . Université du Québec à Montréal . Université Laval . Université McGill ASSOCIE A : . Institut de Finance Mathématique de Montréal (IFM2) . Laboratoires universitaires Bell Canada . Réseau de calcul et de modélisation mathématique [RCM2] . Réseau de centres d’excellence MITACS (Les mathématiques des technologies de l’information et des systèmes complexes)

Les cahiers de la série scientifique (CS) visent à rendre accessibles des résultats de recherche effectuée au CIRANO afin de susciter échanges et commentaires. Ces cahiers sont écrits dans le style des publications scientifiques. Les idées et les opinions émises sont sous l’unique responsabilité des auteurs et ne représentent pas nécessairement les positions du CIRANO ou de ses partenaires. This paper presents research carried out at CIRANO and aims at encouraging discussion and comment. The observations and viewpoints expressed are the sole responsibility of the authors. They do not necessarily represent positions of CIRANO or its partners.

ISSN 1198-8177

Early Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) for HIV/aids:

The Contribution of a Stochastic Dynamic Model of Choice*

Pierre Lasserre†, Jean-Paul Moatti‡, Antoine Soubeyran §

Résumé / Abstract Le bien-fondé d'administrer précocement des traitements antirétroviraux à haute activité (HAART) aux personnes infectées par le VIH reste l’objet de débats dans le monde car leurs bienfaits à court terme peuvent compromettre les traitements futurs si des souches résistantes du virus se développent. Nous formulons un modèle qui combine irréversibilité et inertie dans un cadre de décision thérapeutique séquentielle. L'information se révèle entre la première et la deuxième période, si bien que la décision thérapeutique de deuxième période est conditionnelle à cette information. Il s'avère que des patients identiques peuvent se voir administrer des traitements différents à l'optimum; de plus, pour des paramètres justifiant des décisions bien tranchées en période 2 (à patients identiques traitement identique), la décision de période 1 est plus complexe car il est alors trop tard pour en renverser les conséquences en période 2. Autre résultat: supposons que le risque de résistance est élevé en cas d'échec thérapeutique du traitement initial (pays en développement; groupes défavorisés); nous montrons alors que les différences dans l'estimation de ce risque n'interviennent pas dans le choix optimal de la taille de la population qui se voit administrer le traitement antirétroviral. L'introduction du traitement relève alors purement de considérations d'efficacité et de coût.

Mots clés : décisions thérapeutiques, incertitude,information, irréversibilité, traitement, apprentissage, erreurs.

* Financial support from the FCAR funds, IFM2 and the CNRS is gratefully acknowledged. We thank two anonymous referees; one of them gave us comments too helpful and insightful to be given credit properly within the paper. † Département des sciences économiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, GREQAM, and CIRANO. ‡ Faculté d’économie et gestion, Université de la Méditerranée, GREQAM, and INSERM Research Unit 379. § Département des sciences économiques, Université de la Méditerranée, and GREQAM. Address all correspondence to : GREQAM, Rte des Milles, 13290 Les Milles, France. Tel. : +33 (0) 4 42 93 59 80; e-mail : [email protected].

Criteria for initiation of highly active antiretroviral treatments (HAART) in HIV-infected patients remain a matter of debate world-wide because short-term benefits have to be balanced with costs of these therapies, and restrictions placed on future treatment options if resistant viral strains develop. In order to take into account irreversibility and inertia effects associated with ex ante choices, we propose a simple stochastic dynamic model of sequential therapeutic choice with intermediary revelation of information, in which the efficiency gains from a new effective Therapy in second period are conditional on the results of the treatment in the previous period. We find that identical patients may be administered different treatments at the optimum; for parameters implying an all or nothing cut decision in period 2, a more forward looking decision rule is required in period 1 because there will be little space for adjustment to its consequences. Another finding is that as soon as risks of resistance due to therapeutic failure of initial treatments are significant, as perhaps in developing countries and in marginalized groups of developed countries, differences in the estimation of this risk should not influence the optimal decision about the size of the HIV-infected population eligible for early antiretroviral Therapy. The decision should then be based on pure efficiency/cost considerations.

Keywords: therapeutic decisions, uncertainty, information, irreversibility, treatment, learning, errors. Code JEL: I18, C61.

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