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ANU ELECTRON MICROSCOPY UNIT

2005 Annual Report

CONTENTS

1. THE ANUEMU AND ITS OBJECTIVES……………………………………………….2

2.HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR..........……………………………...…………………......3

3. STAFF ………………………………………………….......………………...….. …….4

4.. RESEARCH AND TEACHING ACHIEVEMENTS...……………………… …….......5 New and Improved Facilities Instrument Use Teaching

5. COLLABORATION AND OUTREACH ....……………………………….…………...7 Collaborations within ANU Collaborations with other Australian Universities Collaboration with overseas Universities Visitors Overseas Clients Cooperation with Industry and Commerce

6 PUBLICATIONS. ..………………………………………………………...……………9 Publications using ANUEMU facilities 1990-2005 EMU Staff Publications Publications using the facilities of the ANUEMU

7 FINANCE......…………………………………………………………...…….................19

8.ORGANISATION........………………………………………………………. ………..20

9.APPENDICES……………………………………….................................................…..21

(i) School and Departmental Use of the ANUEMU in 2005

(ii) Numbers of users 1989-2005

(iii) Trends in Equipment Use within ANUEMU 1990-2005

(iv) Distribution of ANUEMU Electron Microscope Use across the university, 1990- 2005

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1. THE ANUEMU AND ITS OBJECTIVES

The unit is a central ANU facility housed mainly in the Research School of Biological Sciences. It provides access to light and electron microscopy and related techniques to staff and students from all areas of the ANU. Major equipment includes four transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), four scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), a dual beam Focused Ion Beam/SEM, confocal, deconvolution and other light microscopes, a laser capture microscope, a small scanning tunneling microscope, cryo-preparation instruments and a range of other ancillary equipment for specimen preparation, analysis and image processing. Two of the electron microscopes are housed in the Research School of Earth Sciences. A full description of the operation of the facility can be found through the website http://www.anu.edu.au/EMU/index.html.

Objectives of the Unit, as set out in its establishment paper (2498/1988):

“The purpose of the unit is to provide an efficient service in scanning and transmission electron microscopy to the University community at large and to users external to the University, where appropriate. This service shall include provision for access to modern EM equipment, service for occasional users, training in EM methods for regular users and consultation on applications of EM. The Unit is encouraged to provide leadership in the development and implementation of new EM equipment and methodology. It is an objective of the University to maintain the standard of the facility at a level commensurate with the University's heavy commitment to research and to the major research objectives within the programs of the Schools and Faculties”.

Conical boron nitride nanorods: Top: structural model. Below, left to right:TEM image (CM300), patterned growth (NSEM), high magnification image showing metal catalytic particles at the rod tips(FESEM). Hongzhou Zhang, RSPhysSE.

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2. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Laser Cell Capture Microscope A PALM laser capture microscope with twin optical traps, funded from individual ANU users and groups, CSIRO Plant Industry, and a MEC grant, was installed mid-year. It is run jointly with the RSBS Biomolecular Facility as a university facility. This new application of microscopy, fast becoming an essential tool for molecular biologists, allows a precisely defined area, as small as an individual cell or chromosome, to be excised under visual control and “catapulted” into a collection vessel such

as a PCR tube to be analysed. A frontline instrument that brings to the ANU a capability as good as any in the world, it brings the precision of microscopy to the new generation of powerful and fast molecular biological techniques.

Record Publications The number of publications using the facilities of the ANU hit a new record of 105 papers in 2005. For comparison, the ANU as whole produces around 650 publications per year.

Left: Julie Christie (RSBS Biomolecular Facility ) operates the new PALM laser cell capture system.

Below: Chlorophyll autofluorescence showing Photosystem 2 in chloroplast grana of Symphyogna podophylla, a thalloid liverwort. Leica confocal microscope (Brian Gunning)

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3. STAFF

Facility Coordinator Dr Sally Stowe, MSc Hons (Auck), PhD

Senior Technical Officers Dr Frank Brink, BAppPhys (SA) MSc (LaTrobe)

Dr Cheng X. Huang, MSc (Beijing Agricultural), PhD (La Trobe)

David Llewellyn, DipEng (Bruce TAFE)

Daryl Webb, BSc (NTU), MSc (Med)(prelim) (Syd)

Technical Officers Geoffrey Hunter (from May)

Ruolan (Lily) Shen, DipTCM (Guangzhou)

Snow fields? Unfortunately not. Dying gums with the culprit in the foreground – spores of Phytophthora cinnamomi. CryoSEM, Adrienne Hardham.

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4. RESEARCH AND TEACHING

NEW AND IMPROVED FACILITIES in 2005.

Laser Cell Capture Microscope (with CSIRO Plant Industry and RSBS BMF, bought from contributions and grants) Glass Knifemaker replacing old equipment (from earnings) Microwave fixation oven – new equipment, introducing improved and much more rapid tissue processing.. ANUEMU was one of the first places to explore the potential of cold microwave fixation, using a small domestic microwave oven. The new equipment is designed for fixation, with variable power settings, internal cooling, temperature probe and vacuum. (from earnings) Wax microtome. Very old technology but still useful, brought in to cater for the demand for thicker light microscope sections than the more precise ultra-microtomes are happy with. (Donated by PCB Group, RSBS).

Current LIEF application –for a new generation analytical FESEM to replace and improve aging but heavily used SEMs, together with a 100kV TEM for 3D reconstruction, to be sited in JCSMR, has reached the ARC Reserve List.

INSTRUMENT USE

The number of people using the facility increased by 10% to 282, the first significant rise for some time. (Courses are counted as a single user)

SEM use, which had increased 10% in the previous year from an already high base, increased massively by a further 30% to 7325 hours.

Light microscopy shot up 65% to 3030 hours, reflecting increased numbers using the Apotome, and return of the confocal to reliability after extended problems.

Microtome use, which had increased 45% in the previous year, dropped by precisely the same amount, to 1213 hours. However the drop was in conventional ultramicrotomy – the increase in use of cryo-ultramicrotomy as a prelude to cold stage SEM remains.

TEM use on the RSBS and RSES instruments held constant (1866 hours) on a moderate base for the second year.

Distribution of use by School and Department is given in the appendices.

Zooming in on sensillae of a honeybee antenna. Cambridge 360SEM (Pinar Cinar)

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TEACHING ETC:

Theses Awarded to Staff: (Doctor of Philosophy): Brink FJ. Oxygen/Fluorine Ordering, Modulated Structures and Solid Solutions in Metal Oxyfluoride Systems.

Supervision:

Stowe SJ co-supervised two PhD students

Teaching performed by Unit staff:

Brink FJ, Huang CX and Stowe SJ ran one-day “tailored” workshops in imaging and analytical SEM for archaeologists from RSPAS, and for staff of the National Gallery of Australia Conservation Department.

Stowe SJ contributed to the RSBS “New Tools” Biotechniques Workshop in December.

Microscopy Imaging and Analysis 2005, July-October Most teaching in the unit takes the form of individual tuition in microscope operation and applications, but all staff are involved in this annual series of one-day courses, varying slightly from year to year and usually including lecturers from other areas.

In 2005 the courses and main organisers were:

Brink FB. Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis TEM Electron Diffraction

Christie J (RSBS) Laser capture microscopy

Freeman D (RSPhysSE) Focused Ion Beam

Stowe SJ Image analysis Introduction to SEM Introduction to TEM Biological Specimen Preparation for EM Cryo-techniques in Electron Microscopy

Webb D Light Microscopy-the basics Advanced Fluorescence Light Microscopy

Cheng Huang concentrates on cutting a block of tissue cooled with liquid nitrogen.

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5. COLLABORATION AND OUTREACH

Collaborations within the ANU Brink FJ, Visiting Fellow at Research School of Chemistry. Oxygen and fluorine ordering in metal oxy-fluorides, with Prof. Ray Withers.

Collaborations with Australian Universities ANUEMU facilities are used by visitors to many departments of the ANU. In addition, they were used by staff and research students from Canberra Institute of Technology, Charles Sturt University, ADFA, James Cook University, University of Western Sydney, and the University of Melbourne.

Collaborations with Overseas Universities Brink FJ with Assoc. Profs. Saeed Asgary, Masoud Parirokh and Jafar Eghbal, Endodontic Department, Dental School, Shahid Behesti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. EDXA analysis of dental materials.

Brink FJ with Assoc. Prof. Masoumeh S.Sadr Lahijani, Rafsanjan Dental School, Rafsanjan, Iran. SEM analysis of effects of antibacterial agents after root canal treatment.

Brink FJ with Stéphane Cordier and Marcel Poulain, Institute de Chimie de Rennes, Université de Rennes, France. Oxygen and fluorine ordering in niobium oxyfluorides.

Stowe S with Prof. Nicholas Strausfeld, University of Arizona, USA and Dr David Rowell, School of Botany and Zoology. Onychorphoran neuroanatomy and phylogeny.

Stowe S with Prof. D Stavenga, University of Groningen. Optically active microstructure of lepidopteran cuticle.

Visitors: Dr Hing Hiang Lian,, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, (Use of focused ion beam to section microorgganisms.

Rebekah Ward, Cornell University, USA (freeze-substitution and cold stage SEM of Epulopiscum, an extremely large bacterium from Great barrier Reef surgeonfish)

Overseas clients: Work was performed for Prof. Paul Callaghan and Dr Penny Hubbard, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand (freeze-fracture of surfactants).

A more than usually cheerful cyanobacterium. TEM, Ben Long

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Cooperation with Government, Industry & Commerce:

The ANUEMU Facilities were used by a number of Government organisations - CSIRO Plant Industry and Entomology Divisions, CSIRO Applied Physics, the Australian Federal Police, The Canberra Hospital, GeoScience Australia, Dept of Energy and Conservation and the Australian National Botanic Gardens.

Commercial users included ProSciTech, Robson Laboratories, Whitely Industries, and SnowyHydro Ltd.,

Not from the EMU, but a photogenic example related to material that is studied here: A chrondrule meteorite, a small droplet of quenched silicate melt formed in space early in the history of the solar system. The sectioned chrondrule, about 0.5mm in diameter, has been imaged in a light microscope using crossed polars. Marc Norman.

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6. PUBLICATIONS

PUBLICATIONS using the ANUEMU facilities, 1990-2005 (Not including abstracts, theses or papers in press. NB For statistical and reporting purposes items are not in addition to those listed in Departmental and School reports)]

YEAR RSBS OTHER TOTAL av. 1990 - 1993 9.75 19.25 28.5 av. 1994 - 1997 10 50.5 60.5 av. 1998 - 2000 10 61 71 2001 15 69 84 2002 10 90 100 2003 8 83 91 2004 10 85 95 2005 collected to date

18 87 105

EMU Staff publications 2005

Published

1. Asgary A, Parirokh M, Eghbal J and Brink, F Chemical Differences Between White and Gray Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Journal of Endodontics.3:101-103.

2. Glover CJ, Ridgway MC,. Llewellyn DJ, Kluth P, Johanessen B. “Formation and electronic structure of Germanium nanocrystals formed by ion beam synthesis”, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. 238 (2005) 306-309.

3. Heady R Inner Life of Araucariaceae. In : “Australia and new Zealand Forest Histories”: Araucariian Forests. Ed ,John Dargarvel Australian Forest History Society. .ISBN 0 9757906 pp11-18.

4. Heady RH, The Forest, the timber industry and the microscope. Proceedings 6th national Conference of the Australian Forest History Society Inc. Michael Carver et al (eds) Millpress, Rotterdam ISBN 90 5966 026 9

5. Heady RD and Evans P. The wood anatomy of Actinostrobus (IAWA J) 26:79-92

6. Liu Y, Withers RL, Whichello AP, Norén L. Ting V, Brink F and, Fitz Gerald JD A combined diffraction and dielectric properties investigation of Ba3MnNb2O9 complex perovskites., J Solid State Chem 178: 3399-3405.

7. Johannessen B, Kluth P, Glover CJ, Azevedo G. de M, Llewellyn DJ, Foran GJ,. Ridgway MC. Structural characterisation of Cu nanocrystals formed in silica by high-energy ion beam synthesis, J.Appl. Phys. 98 024307/1-9.

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8. Khalil AS, Chadderton LT, Stewart AM, Ridgway MC, Llewellyn DJ, Byrne AP

Track Formation And Surface Evolution In Indium Phosphide Irradiated By Swift Heavy Ions. Radiation Measurements 40 :770-774

9. Norén L, Withers RL.and Frank J. Brink FJ, Where are the atoms in LaSb2Sn(x), 0.1=x=0.75?, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 178: 2133-2143.

10. Parirokh M, Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Stowe S, Eslami B, Eskandarizade A, and Shabahang S. A comparative study of white and grey mineral trioxide aggregate as pulp capping agents in dog’s teeth. Dental Traumatology. 21:150-154.

11. Ridgway MC, Azevedo G de M, Elliman RG, Glover CJ,. Llewellyn DJ, Miller R,. Wesch W, Foran G,, Hansen J. Nylandsted-Larsen A., Ion-irradiation-induced preferential amorphisation of Ge nanocrystals in silica, Phys.Rev. B71 094107/1-6.

12. Wang G, Shen J, Sun JF, Zhou BD, Fitz Gerald JD Llewellyn DJ and Stachurski ZH. Isothermal nanocrystallization behavior of Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass in the supercooled liquid region. Scripta Materialia 53: 641–645

In Press

Asgary S, Parirokh M, Eghbal J, Stowe S and Brink F, A qualitative X-ray analysis of white and grey mineral trioxide aggregate using compositional imaging, J. of Mat. Science: Materials in Medicine

Frank J. Brink, Ray L. Withers, Stéphane Cordier, Marcel Poulain, An Electron diffraction and bond valence sum investigation of oxygen/fluorine ordering in Nb(n)O(2n-1)F(n+2), n=3. Journal of Solid State Chemistry

Ball MC, Canny MJ, Huang CX, Egerton JJG, Wolfe J (2005) Freeze-induced embolism depends on nadir temperature: the heterogeneous hydration hypothesis. Plant Cell & Environment

Conference presentations (staff)

Khalil A .. ..Llewellyn D... ..et al. Observation of Track Formation and Track Annealing in Swift Heavy Ion Irradiated ..... AIP Congress Canberra January 2005 Yu J, Chen Y, Elliman R, Stowe S .Thin Boron Nitride Nanotubes Formed during Annealing in Ammonia Gas. AIP Congress Canberra January 2005 Stowe S. FIBs – Problems and Potentials. Australian Microanalytical Society Symposium. Melbourne, February 2005

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PUBLICATIONS that have used the facilities of the ANUEMU:

2004 not previously listed:

Freeman D, Knowles G, (2004) Novel architecture for the JPEG2000 block coder. J. Electron Imaging 13(4), 897-906

Gómez-Pugnaire MT, Galindo-Zaldívar J, Rubatto D, Gonzalez-Lodeiro F, López Sánchez-Vizcaíno V, Jabaloy A,(2004) A reinterpretation of the Nevado-Filábride and Alpujárride complexes (Betic Cordillera): field, petrography and U-Pb ages from orthogneisses (western Sierra Nevada, S Spain). Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 84, 303-322,.

Ta'eed VG., Moss DJ,. Eggleton BJ, Freeman D, Madden S, Samoc M, Luther-Davies B, Janz S,. Xu D.-X, (2004) Higher order mode conversion via focused ion beam milled Bragg gratings in Silicon-on-Insulator waveguides," Opt. Express 12(21), 5274-5284,

2005 1. Armstrong RA, Master S, Robb LJ (2005). Geochronology of the Nchanga Granite, and

constraints on the maximum age of the Katanga Supergroup, Zambian Copperbelt. Journal African Earth Sciences, 42, 32-40.

2. Asgary A, Parirokh M, Eghbal J and Brink, F Chemical Differences Between White and Gray Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Journal of Endodontics.3:101-103.

3. Barker SLL (2005), Pseudotachylyte-generating faults in Central Otago, New Zealand. Tectonophysics: 397 211-223

4. Berry A, Hermann J, O'Neill HStC, Foran GJ (2005) Fingerprinting the water site in mantle olivine. Geology: 33, 869-872

5. Board, WS., Frimmel HE, Armstrong RA (2005), Pan-African tectonism in the Western Maud Belt: P-T-t path for high-grade gneisses in the H.U. Sverdrupfjella, East Antarctica. J. Pet. 46, 671-699.

6. Buick IS, Hand M, Williams IS, Mawby J, Mille, JA Nicoll RS ( 2005): Detrital zircon provenance constraints on the evolution of the Harts Range Metamorphic Complex (central Australia): links to the Centralian Superbasin. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 162, 777-787.

7. Bulla DAP, Li WT, Charles C, Boswell R, Ankiewicz A, Love J (2005) Low-loss silica-based optical film waveguides deposited by helicon-activated reactive evaporation. J. of Lightwave Technol.: 23 (3), 1302-1307.

8. Bulla DAP, Li WT, Charles C, Boswell RW, Love JD (2005), Optical losses in silica rib waveguides deposited by HARE-PECVD on silicon substrate. 30th ACOFT, Sydney, Australia, Jul/05. BGPP/ACOFT 2005 Conference CD-ROM.

9. Carnerup A, Hyde ST, Larsson A-K, Christy AG, Garcia-Ruiz J-M (2005) Silica-carbonate biomorphs and the implications for identification of microfossils. Proc. 7th conference on the chemical evolution and origin of life, Trieste, Italy, Sept. 2003

10. Carnerup, A. M, Hyde, S. T, Christy, A. G., Garcia-Ruiz, J. M and Larsson, A.-K.The microfossil record of early life, in search for biosignatures Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, (2005) Seckbach, J (Ed.) Springer

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11. Carter ML, Withers RL. A universally applicable composite modulated structure approach to

ordered BaxMy �Ti8 yO16 hollandite-type solid solutions. J. Solid State Chem. (2005), 178(6), 1903-1914.

12. Christy AG , Gatedal K(2005) Extremely lead-rich rock-forming silicates including a beryllian scapolite and associated minerals in a scarn from Långban, Värmland, Sweden. Mineral.Mag. 69:995-1018

13. Collings DA, Wasteneys GO (2005) Actin microfilament and microtubule distribution patterns

in the expanding root of Arabidopsis thaliana. Can. J. Bot. 83: 579-590.

14. Da Silva LC, McNaughton NJ, Armstrong R, Hartmann, LA. and Fletche, IR (2005). The neoproterozoic Mantiqueira Province and its African connections: a zircon-based U-Pb geochronologic subdivision for the Brasiliano/Pan-African systems of orogens. Precamb. Res., 136, 203-240.

15. Dunning GE, Hadley TA, Christy AG, Magnasco J, Cooper JF Jr. (2005) The Clear Creek Mine, San Benito County, California - A Unique Mercury Locality. Mineral. Record 36, 337-363.

16. Eriksson T, Mellergård A, Nordblad P, Larsson A-K, Felton S, Höwing J, Gustafsson T Andersson Y (2005) Magnetic short-range order in the new ternary phase Mn8Pd15Si7. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 403: 19-28

17. Freeman D, Madden S, Luther-Davies B, Fabrication of planar photonic crystals in a chalcogenide glass using a focused ion beam Opt. Express 13(8), 3079-3086

18. Gamaly E. G.,. Madsen N. R Duering, M., Rode A. V., Kolev, V. Z. and Luther-Davies, B. (2005) Ablation of metals with picosecond laser pulses: Evidence of long-lived non-equilibrium conditions at the surface, Phys Rev B 71, 174405.

19. Gamaly EG, Luther-Davies B, Kolev V Z. Madsen NR,. Duering M, Rode AV, Ablation of metals with picosecond laser pulses: Evidence of long-lived non-equilibrium surface states, Laser and Particle Beams 23, 167-176 (2005).

20. Gray DR, Gregory RT, Armstrong RA, Richards I. Miller JM (2005). Age and stratigraphic relationships of structurally deepest level rocks, Oman Mountains: U/Pb SHRIMP evidence for Late Carboniferous Neotethys rifting. Journal of Geology, 113, 611-626.

21. Gebbie LK, Burn JE, Hocart CH, Williamson RE. (2005) Genes encoding ADP-ribosylation factors in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Heyn.; genome analysis and antisense suppression. Journal of Experimental Botany 56:1079-1091.

22. Glikson AY, Mory A J, Iasky RP, Piranjno F, Golding SD, Uysal, IT.(2005): Woodleigh, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: history of discovery, Late Devonian age, and geophysical and morphometric evidence for a 120 km-diameter impact structure. Australian Journal of Earth Science, 52, parts 4-5: 545-664

23. Glikson AY, Eggins S, Golding, SD, Haines PW, Iasky, RP. Mernagh, TP., Mory AJ, Uysal IT ( 2005) Microchemistry and microstructures of hydrothermally altered shock-metamorphosed basement gneiss, Woodleigh impact structure, Southern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Science, 52, parts 4-5, 555-574.

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24. Glikson AY (2005). Geochemical and isotopic signatures of Archaean to Palaeoproterozoic

extraterrestrial impact ejecta/fallout units. Australian Journal of Earth Science, 52, parts 4-5: 785-798.

25. Glikson AY ( 2005) Geochemical signatures of Archean to Early Proterozoic maria-scale oceanic impact basins. Geology, 133: 125-128.

26. Glover CJ., Ridgway MC, Llewellyn DJ,. Kluth P, Johanessen B (2005) Formation and electronic structure of Germanium nanocrystals formed by ion beam synthesis.”, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. 238 306-309.

27. Gray DR, Gregory RT, Armstrong RA, Richards IJ, Miller JM. (2005) Age and stratigraphic relationships of structurally deepest level rocks, Oman Mountains: U/Pb SHRIMP evidence for Late Carboniferous Neotethys rifting. Journal of Geology, 113, 611-626

28. Hardham AR (2005) Pathogen Profile. Phytophthora cinnamomi. Molecular Plant Pathology 6:589

29. Heady R Inner Life of Araucariaceae. In : “Australia and new Zealand Forest Histories”: Araucariian Forests. Ed ,John Dargarvel Australian Forest History Society. .ISBN 0 9757906 pp11-18.

30. Heady RH, The Forest, the timber industry and the microscope. Proceedings 6th national Conference of the Australian Forest History Society Inc. Michael Carver et al (eds) Millpress, Rotterdam ISBN 90 5966 026 9

31. Heady RD and Evans P. The wood anatomy of Actinostrobus (IAWA J) 26:79-92

32. Hermann J, O'Neill HStC, Berry A (2005) Titanium solubility in olivine in the system TiO2-MgO-SiO2: No evidence for an ultra-deep origin of Ti-bearing olivine. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 148 746-760

33. Howard CJ, Withers RL, Zhang Z. Osaka K, Kato,K, Takata,M. (2005) Space-group symmetry for the perovskite Ca0.3Sr0.7TiO3. J.Phys.:Cond. Matt. 17 (44), L459-465.

34. Imin N, Kerim T, Weinman JJ, Rolfe BG (2005) Low temperature treatment at the young microspore stage induces protein changes in rice anthers. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. Published Online October 31, 2005.

35. Iasky RP, Glikson AY ( 2005) Gnargoo: a possible 75 km-diameter post-Early Permian – pre-Cretaceous buried impact structure, Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Science, 52, parts 4-5: 577-586.

36. James M, Tedesco T, Cassidy DJ, Withers RL (2005). Oxygen vacancy ordering in strontium doped rare earth cobaltate perovskites Ln1-xSrxCoO3- (Ln = La, Pr and Nd; x > 0.60). Mater. Res. Bull., 40(6), 990-1000.

37. James M, Wallwork KS, Withers RL, Goossens DJ, Wilson KFT, Horvat J, Wang XL, Colella, M. (2005) Structure and magnetism in the oxygen- � �deficient perovskites Ce1 xSrxCoO3 (x „ 0.90). Mater. Res. Bull., 40(8), 1415-1431.

38. Johannessen B, Kluth P, Glover CJ., Azevedo G de M., Llewellyn DJ, Foran GJ, Ridgway MC,(2005) Structural characterisation of Cu nanocrystals formed in silica by high-energy ion beam synthesis. J.Appl. Phys. 98 024307/1-9.

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39. Johannessen B, Kluth P, Glover CJ,. Foran GJ, Ridgway MC(2005) Irradiation induced defects

in nanocrystalline Cu. Nucl.Instrum.Meth. 238 276-280.

40. Khalil AS, Chadderton LT, Stewart AM, Ridgway MC, Llewellyn DJ, Byrne AP (2005) Track Formation And Surface Evolution In Indium Phosphide Irradiated By Swift Heavy Ions. Radiation Measurments:40 770-774

41. Kim E-H, Chow WS, Horton P and Anderson JM (2005) Entropy-assisted stacking of thylakoid membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta :1708 187-195

42. Kluth P, Johannessen B, Glover CJ, Foran GJ, Ridgway, MC (2005) Disorder in Au and Cu Nanocrystals formed by ion Implantation into thin SiO2, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. 238 285-289.

43. Kluth SM, FitzGerald D, Ridgway, M.C. (2005) Ion-irradiation-induced porosity in GaSb, Appl.Phys.Lett. 86 131920/1-3.

44. Kluth SM, Johannessen B, Kluth P, Glover CJ, Foran GJ, Ridgway,MC. (2005) EXAFS investigation of structural modification during crystalline to amorphous / continuous to porous transformation in antimonides, Nucl.Instrum.Meth. 238 264-267.

45. Konzett J, Miller C, Armstrong R, Thöni M (2005) Metamorphic evolution of iron-rich mafic cumulates from the Ötztal-Stubai crystalline complex, Eastern Alps, Austria. J. Pet. 46, 717-747.

46. Krzeminska E, Williams IS, Wiszniewska J ( 2005) A Late Paleoproterozoic (1.8 Ga) subduction-related mafic igneous suite from Lomza, NE Poland. Terra Nova, 17, 442–449.

47. Lange U, Brõcker M, Armstrong R, Trapp E, Mezger K (2005). Sm-Nd and U-Pb dating of high-pressure granulites from the Zlote and Rychleby Mts (Bohemian Massif, Poland and Czech Republic). J. Metamorphic Geol., 23, 133-145.

48. Laux JH, Pimentel MM, Dantas E L, Armstrong R, Junges SL (2005). Two neoproterozoic crustal accretion events in the Brasília belt, central Brazil. Journ. South Am. Earth Sciences, 18, 183-198.

49. Lennox PG, Trzebski R, Armstrong R, Siebel (2005). Structural evolution and granite chronology of the central Molong Zone, Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt, Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 52, 79-100.

50. Li WT, Bulla DAP, Love J, Luther-Davies B, Charles C, Boswell R (2005) Deep dry-etch of silica in a helicon plasma etcher for optical waveguide fabrication. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 23(1), 146-150.

51. Li WT, Ruan YL, Luther-Davies B, Rode A,. Boswell R (2005) Dry etching of chalcogenide glasses for optical waveguides fabrication, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A. 23(6), 1626-1632.

52. Liu Y, Withers RL, Wei, X.Y(2005). Structurally frustrated relaxor ferroelectric behavior in CaCu3Ti4O12. Phys. Rev. B, 72(13), 134104/1-4.

53. Liu Y, Withers RL, Whichello, AP, Norén L, Ting V, Brink F, Fitz Gerald JD (2005) A combined diffraction and dielectric properties investigation of Ba3MnNb2O9 complex perovskites. J. Solid State Chem., 178, 3399-3405.

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54. Long BM, Price GD, Badger MR (2005) Proteomic assessment of an established technique for

carboxysome enrichment from Synechococcus PCC7942. Canadian Journal of Botany 83:746-757.

55. Luther-Davies B, Rode A V, Madsen N, Gamaly EG. (2005). Picosecond high repetition rate pulsed laser ablation of dielectrics: The effect of energy accumulation between pulses, Optical Engineering, 44, 051102

56. Maidment, DM, Hand M, Williams IS (2005) Tectonic cycles in the Strangways Metamorphic Complex, Arunta Inlier central Australia: geochronological evidence for exhumation and basin formation between two high-grade metamorphic events. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 52, 205-215.

57. Masle J, Gilmore SR, Farquhar GD ( 2005) The ERECTA gene regulates plant transpiration efficiency in Arabidopsis Nature 436, 866-870

58. Master S, Rainaud C, Armstrong RA, Phillips D, Robb, LJ (2005). Provenance ages of the Neoproterozoic Katanga Supergoup (Central African Copperbelt), with implications for basin evolution. Journal African Earth Sciences, 42, 41-60.

59. Meyer G, Naumann D, Wesemann L (2005) Eds. Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, Chapter 18, pp. 347-363.

60. Nakajima T, Kamiyama H, Williams IS, Tani K (2005): Mafic rocks from the Ryoke Belt, southwest Japan: implications for Cretaceous Ryoke/San-Yo granitic magma genesis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 95 (1), 249-263.

61. Nicholas W, Todaro MA (2005) Observations on Gastrotrichia fram a sandy beach in southeastern Australia, with a description of Halichaetonotus australis sp.nov. (Gastrotrichia, Chaetonotida) NZ Journal of marine and Freshwater Research) 39: 973-980

62. Norén L, Withers RL, Brink FJ (2005) Where are the Sn atoms in LaSb2Snx, 0.1 x ~0.75? J. Solid State Chem., 178(6), 2133-2143.

63. Parirokh M, Asgary S, Eghbal MJ (2005),An Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis And SEM Study Of Debris Remaining On Endodontic Instruments After Ultrasonic Cleaning And Autoclave Sterilization. Aust Endo J 31:1-6

64. Parirokh M, Asgary S, Eghbal MJ, Stowe S, Eslami B, Eskandarizade A, and Shabahang S. A comparative study of white and grey mineral trioxide aggregate as pulp capping agents in dog’s teeth. Dental Traumatology. 21:150-154

65. Pena L, Calvo E, Cacho I, Eggins SM, Pelejero C (2005) Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: 6 Q09P02, doi:10.1029/2005GC000930.

66. Poujol M, Kiefer R, Robb LJ, Anhaeusser CR. Armstrong, RA (2005). New U-Pb data on zircons from the Amalia greenstone belt Southern Africa: insights into the Neoarchaean evolution of the Kaapvaal craton. S.A. Journ. Geol, 108, 317-332.

67. Rainaud C, Master S, Armstrong RA, Robb LJ. (2005). Geochronology and nature of the Palaeoproterozoic basement in the Central African Copperbelt (Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo), with regional implications. Journal African Earth Sciences, 42, 1-31.

16

68. Rainaud C, Master S, Armstrong RA, Phillips D, Robb LJ (2005). Monazite U-Pb dating and

40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of metamorphic events in the Central African Copperbelt during the Pan-African Lufilian Orogeny. Journal African Earth Sciences, 42, 183-199.

69. Ridgway MC, Azevedo G de M, Elliman RG, Glover CJ, Llewellyn DJ, Miller R, Wesch W, Foran GJ, Hansen J, Nylandsted-Larsen A (2005) Ion-irradiation-induced preferential amorphisation of Ge nanocrystals in silica, Phys.Rev. B71 094107/1-6.

70. Reith F, McPhail DC, Christy AG (2005) Bacillus cereus, gold and associated elements in soil and regolith samples fromTomakin Park gold mine in south-eastern New South Wales. J. Geochem. Explor. 85, 81-98.

71. Robold AV, Hardham AR (2005) During attachment Phytophthora spores secrete proteins containing thrombospondin type 1 repeats. Current Genetics 47, 307-315.

72. Roberts RJ, Evans PD (2005). Effects of manufacturing variables on surface quality and distribution of melamine formaldehyde resin in paper laminates. Composites, Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 36A(1):5-104

73. Rode AV, Gamaly EG, Christy AG, Fitz Gerald JG, Hyde ST, Elliman RG, Luther-Davies B, Veinger AI, Androulakis J, Giapintzakis J (2005) Strong paramagnetism and possible ferromagnetism in pure carbon nanofoam produced by laser ablation.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 290-291, 298-301.

74. Rode V, Madsen NR, Christy AG, Hermann J, Gamaly E G. Luther-Davies B (2005), Carbon Cluster Formation Process: Optical Spectroscopy of Laser-Ablated Carbon Plume, AIP Conference Proceedings of 19th International Winterschool of Electronic Properties of Novel Materials, Kirchberg, Austria, 12-19 March 2005, AIP Conference Proceedings v.786, 96-99.

75. Ruan Y, Jarvis R, Rode A, Madden S, Luther-Davies B (2005). Wavelength dispersion of Verdet constants in chalcogenide glasses for magneto optical waveguide devices, Optics Communication, 252, 39-45

76. Ruan Y, Luther-Davies B, Li W, Rode AV, Kolev VZ, Madden S (2005). Large phase shifts in As2S3 waveguides for all-optical processing devices, Optics Letters, 30, 2605-2607

77. Seth B, Armstrong RA, Büttner A,Villa IM (2005). Time constraints for Mesoproterozoic upper amphibolite facies metamorphism in NW Namibia: a multi-isotopic approach. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 230, 355-378.

78. Shabeer, K.P., Satish-Kumar, M., Armstrong, R. and Buick, I. S. (2005). Constraints on the Timing of Pan-African Granulite-Facies Metamorphism in the Kerala Khondalite Belt of Southern India: SHRIMP Mineral Ages and Nd Isotopic Systematics. Journ. Geology, 113, 95-106.

79. Shen J, Wang G, Sun JF, Stachurski ZH, Yan C, Ye L, Zhou BD (2005) Superplastic deformation behavior of Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 bulk metallic glass in the supercooled liquid region. Intermetallics13: 79-85.

80. Spandler, CJ, Rubatto, D, Hermann, J (2005) Late Cretaceous-Tertiary tectonics of the southwest Pacific; insights from U-Pb SHRIMP dating of eclogite-facies rocks from New Caledonia. Tectonics:24, TC3003.

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81. Spandler CJ, Mavrogenes JA, Arculus,RJ (2005) The origin of chromitites in layered intrusions:

Evidence from chromite-hosted melt inclusions from the Stillwater Complex. Geology;11, 893-896.

82. Stone J, Mervin K, Walsh N, Valter K, Provis J, Penfold P.(2005) Photoreceptor stability and degeneration in mammalian retina: lessons from the edge. In: Penfold P, Provis J, eds. Macular Degeneration: Science and Medicine in Practice. Springer Verlag; 149-165.

83. Suzuki,S, Arima M, Williams IS, Shiraishi K, Kagami H, (2005) Thermal history of UHT metamorphism in the Napier Complex, East Antarctica: insights from zircon, monazite and garnet ages. Journal of Geology 114:65-84.

84. Tenailleau C, Pring A, Moussa SM, Liu Y, Withers RL, Tarantino S, Zhang,M, Carpenter MA. (2005) Composition-induced structural pha �se transitions in the (Ba1 xLax)2In2O5+x (0¾x¾0.6) system. J. Solid State Chem., 178(3), 882-891.

85. Tilley, D. B. and Eggleton, R. A. (2005) Titanite low-temperature alteration and titanium mobility. Clays and Clay Minerals 53, 100-107.

86. Tomkins HS, Williams IS Ellis DJ.( 2005): In situ U-Pb dating if zircon formed from retrograde garnet breakdown during decompression in Rogaland, SW Norway. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 23, 201-215.

87. Troitzsch U, Christy AG, Ellis DJ (2005) The crystal structure of disordered (Zr,Ti)O2 solid solution including Srilankite: evolution towards tetragonal ZrO2 with increasing Zr. Phys. Chem. Minerals 32, 504-514.

88. Urones-Garrote E, Gómez-Herrero A, Landa-Cánovas AR, Withers RL, Otero-Díaz LC. 2005), Order and disorder in rocksalt and spinel structures in the MgS-Yb2S3 system. Chem. Mater. (17(13), 3524-3531.

89. Valter K, Bisti S, Gargini C, Di Loreto S, Maccarone R, Cervetto L, Stone J. (2005) Time course of neurotrophic factor upregulation and retinal protection against light-induced damage after optic nerve section. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.;46:1748-54.

90. Walcott B, Birzgalis A, Moore LC, Brink PR. ( 2005 ( Fluid secretion and the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter in mouse exorbital lacrimal gland. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005 Oct;289(4):C860-7

91. Wang G. Shen J, Sun JF, Huang YJ, Zou J, Lu Z., Stachurski ZH, Zhou.BD. (2005) Superplasticity and superplastic forming of Zr-based bulk metallicglass in the supercooled liquid region. Journal of Non-crystalline solids. 351: 209-217.

92. Wang G. Shen J,. Sun JF, Lu ZP, Stachurski ZH. Zhou BD (2005),Tensile fracture characteristics and deformation behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass at high temperatures.Intermetallics. 13: 642-648.

93. Wang G. Shen J, Sun JF, Lu ZP, Stachurski ZH, Zhou BD (2005) Fracture characteristics and deformation behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass at high test temperatures. Materials Science and Engineering A. 398: 82-87.

94. Wang G, Shen J.. Sun JF, Fitz Gerald JD, Llewellyn DJ. Stachurski ZH (2005) Isothermal Nanocrystallization Behavior of Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 Bulk Metallic Glass in the Supercooled Liquid Region. Scripta Materialia. 53: 641-645.

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95. Wang G, Shen J,. Qin QH, Sun JF,.Stachurski ZH, Zhou BD (2005) Investigation of

Deformation Behavior of Zr-Ti-Ni-Cu-Be Bulk Metallic Glass containing Nanocrystals. Journal of Materials Science. 40(17): 4561-4569.

96. Wellard J, Lee D, Valter K, Stone J. (2005), Photoreceptors in the rat retina are specifically vulnerable to both hypoxia and hyperoxia. Vis Neurosci. 22:501-7.

97. Withers RL (2005), Disorder, structured diffuse scattering and the Transmission Electron Microscope. Z. für Kristallogr. 220(12), 1027-1034.

98. Withers RL, Liu Y (2005) A coupled electron diffraction and rigid unit mode (RUM) study of the crystal chemistry of some zeotypic AlPO4 compounds. J. Solid State Chem. 178(9), 2647-2657.

99. Withers RL, Liu,Y (2005) Local crystal chemistry, structured diffuse scattering and inherently flexible framework structures. In Inorganic Chemistry in Focus II,

100. Withers RL, Otero-Diaz C, Gómez-Herrero,A, Landa-Canovas AR, Prodan A, van Midden HJP, Norén,L (2005), Compositionally modulated Fermi surfaces, structured diffuse scattering and ternary derivatives of 1T-TaS2. J. Solid State Chem. 178(10), 3159-3168.

101. Withers RL, Welberry TR, Pring A, Tenailleau C, Liu Y (2005) ‘Soft' phonon modes, structured diffuse scattering and the crystal chemistry of Fe-bearing sphalerites. J. Solid State Chem. (2005), 178(3), 655-660.

102. Wykes JL, Mavrogenes JA (2005) Hydrous sulfide melting: Experimental evidence for the solubility of H2O in sulfide melts. Economic Geology, v. 100, pp. 157-164.

103. Zhang HZ, Fitz Gerald J, Yu J, Chen Y, (2005) Conical boron nitride nanorods synthesized via the ball-milling and annealing method. Journal of American Ceramic society, DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00720.x

104. Zhang HZ, Chen Y, (2005) Boron nitride nanotubes: synthesis and structure. CRC Handbook of nanomaterials, Chapter 11, 337-358

105. Zhou Q, Kennedy BJ, Ting V, Withers RL (2005) Thermal expansion and cation disorder in Bi2InNbO7. J. Solid State Chem. 178(5), 1575-1579.

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7. FINANCE (Formal returns are provided through RSBS, which administers the main part of ANUEMU, and RSES, which administers the account covering the use of the CM300 TEM).

2005 Income (ANUEMU-RSBS): Recurrent funding $535,000 86% Internal Cost Recoveries: $52,998 9% External Earnings: $31,820 5% TOTAL…………………… $619,818

Equipment Grant: $25,000 for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ramaciotti Foundation ( to Jonathan Stone)

Recurrent Budget Carry Forward from 2005 to 2006, excluding equipment:..-$2,037

In addition the RSES CM300 TEM account received at least $10,000 for consumables and operating expenses, from the EME department of RSPhysSE.

Charging Policy: The ANUEMU charges non-university government users at a rate that covers all costs apart from capital equipment. Industry users are charged at commercially competitive rates that also cover major equipment replacement costs. The Unit recovers major consumable costs and a proportion of operating costs from academic users with available grants. However for some instruments with high and predictable running costs, (the confocal light microscope and FIB/SEM), all academic users are subject to a minimum hourly rate.

Operating Funds. Overheads such as electricity, water, and most administration costs are covered by RSBS, or RSES in the case of the CM300. RSES also provides the salary of Dr John Fitz Gerald, who manages that instrument with the assistance of an ANUEMU staff member, Mr David Llewellyn.

Eldon Ball and members of his lab make extensive use of the facilities of the ANUEMU for their studies on the molecular control of development in Acropora millepora, a staghorn coral common in shallow waters on the Great Barrier Reef. They use scanning electron microscopy to document changes in external morphology and light microscopy to document the expression patterns of specific genes following in situ hybridization.

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8. ORGANISATION The ANUEMU is a central facility serving both the IAS and the Faculties. It currently performs about equal amounts of biological and physical sciences work. The Unit is housed within RSBS and uses its administrative and support structures. The Facility Coordinator reports to the Director of RSBS, who has overall responsibility for the Unit’s operation and chairs an advisory group concerned with provision of microscopy infrastructure at the ANU: Members of the ANU Microscopy Strategic Advisory Group (MSTAG) in 2005 were:

Professor Jonathan Stone (Director RSBS) ex officio (Chair) Dr Sally Stowe (ANUEMU Facility Coordinator)

ex officio Professor.Robert Elliman (RSPhysSE) Dr Ian Williams RSES Dr Andrew Fairbairn RSPAS. Professor Frances Shannon JCSMR Dr Edie Sevick RSC Professor Caryl Hill (JCSMR-nominee of Director) Professor Barry Luther-Davies, RSPhysSE Professor Patrick De Deckker, Earth and Marine Sciences Dept Professor Marilyn Ball, RSBS Dr Marion Stevens-Kalceff, UNSW Electron Microscopy Unit. External Advisor

User Input. Feedback from users comes from responses to news and queries on the users’ email list, and from written surveys conducted by the Unit to canvas requirements for equipment and various organisational matters. The ANUEMU website is also used to solicit comments on a range of matters including planned major equipment purchases.

FMRFamide-like peptide supply lines running along the two optic nerve cords of eyestalks of the shrimp Penaeus.. Nuclei of cells were stained with DAPI as appeared in blue. Immunohistochemistry was done by using rabbit anti-FMRFamide as the primary antibody, followed by Cy3 conjugated goat anti-rabbit as the secondary antibody.

Epifluorescence inaging using the Zeiss Apotome, Paul Cooper and Thanit Pewnin.

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9.APPENDICES

(i) School and Departmental Use of the ANUEMU in 2005

Group (number of users)

CM300 TEM@RS

ES

TEMs (RSBS

site) SEMs inc

FIB LMs MICRO-TOMES

weighted hours % use

Weight 1 1 1 0.5 0.5

RSBS (77)

222

267

2185

1058

2148

20.9

RSES (51) 141

1746.5

22

1898

18.4

RSPhysSE (41) 1056

231

2197

54

3511

34.1

EMS (26)

19

1066.5

47

1109

10.9

BAMBI (11 )

25

41

236

17

193

1.9

RSPAS/ANH (10)

445

445

4.3

RSC (8) 14

129

94

29

251

2.4

FEIT (8)

173

5

175

1.7

BOZO (5

11

56

115

56

152

1.5

JCSMR (5)

22

22

0.2

SRES (4)

112

34

129

1.3

Nat Int of Arts (2)

17

8

0.1

RSAA stromlo(1)

3

1.5

0.0

General Courses (2)

22

30

58

81

0.8

EMU Staff & visitors (7)

73

429

206

82

646

6.3

TOTAL ANU (258) 1211

655.5

6717

3014

1213

Other Univs (14) 2 o’seas

25

234

16

267

2.6

GOVT (13)

78

344

420

4.1

COMMERCIAL(4)

29

29

0.3

(31 external users)

TOTALS (282 non-staff)

1211

758

7325

3030

1213

10303

100

22

(ii) Numbers of users 1989-2005

YEAR RSBS OTHER IAS

FACULTIES

OTHER TOTAL

1989 25 21 42 19 107 av. 1990-93 43 51. 8 65. 8 24.8 180.8 av. 1994-97 63.5 88.8 68.8 34.5 262.8 av. 1998-99 66 75 88 32.5 260

av. 2000-2003

60 85 69 38 252 2004 73 93 63 27 256 2005 77 116 58 33 284

.Undergraduate courses and other student groups are counted as one user. EMU staff not included.

(iii) Trends in ANUEMU Equipment Use 1990-2005

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

YEAR

HO

UR

S P

ER

MO

NT

H

SEMs

TEMs

Microtomes

LightMicroscopes

23

(iv) Distribution of ANUEMU Electron Microscope Use across the university, 1990- 2005. (CM300 TEM use, included from 2004, is the cause of the apparent sharp increase in RSPhySE use)

ANUEMU ELECTRON MICROSCOPE USE

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

RSBS

BOZO

Forestry/CRES

BAMBI

Arch&Anthro

RSPAS

JCSMR

Geology/EMS

FEIT

RSES

RSPhySE

RSC

Chemistry

SC

HO

OL

S a

nd

DE

PA

RT

ME

NT

S

HOURS PER YEAR

20052004200320022001200098-9996-9794-9592-9390-91

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