©2005 mcgraw-hill ryerson limited. all rights reserved. kitty o. locker stephen kyo kaczmarek...
TRANSCRIPT
©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved.
Kitty O. LockerKitty O. LockerStephen Kyo KaczmarekStephen Kyo Kaczmarek
Kathryn BraunKathryn Braun
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Building Critical Skills
2nd Canadian Edition
©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved.
Module 14
Editing for Grammar and Punctuation
Skills to• Use standard edited English• Fix common grammatical errors• Use punctuation correctly• Mark errors as you proofread
©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved.
Module 14
Editing for Grammar and Punctuation
Module Outline• What grammatical errors should I focus on?• How can I fix sentence errors?• When should I use commas?• What punctuation should I use inside sentences?• What do I use when I quote sources?• How should I write numbers and dates?• How do I mark errors I find when proofreading?
©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved.
• Subject-verb agreementSubject-verb agreement
• Noun-pronoun agreementNoun-pronoun agreement
• Pronoun casePronoun case
• Dangling modifiersDangling modifiers
• Misplaced modifiersMisplaced modifiers
• Predication errorsPredication errors
Six Common Grammatical Errors
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Sentence Concerns
• Learn to recognize:–Main/independent clauses–Subordinate/dependent clauses–Phrases
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• Know how to fixKnow how to fix
–Comma splicesComma splices
–Run-OnsRun-Ons
–Sentence FragmentsSentence Fragments
Sentence Concerns (continued)
©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved.
• Know how to use commasKnow how to use commas–After introductory clausesAfter introductory clauses
–Around nonessential clausesAround nonessential clauses
–After the first clause in a compound After the first clause in a compound sentence if the clauses are very long or if sentence if the clauses are very long or if they have different subjectsthey have different subjects
–To separate items in a seriesTo separate items in a series
Comma Concerns
©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved.
• Do not use commas:–To separate essential information–To separate the subject from the verb–To join independent clauses without a
conjunction.
Comma Concerns (continued)
©2005 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited. All rights reserved.
Common Punctuation Marks
Period: We’re stopping.Semicolon: What comes next is another
complete thought, closely related to what I just said.
Colon: What comes next is an illustration, an example, or a qualification.
Comma: What comes next is a slight turn, but we’re going in the same direction.
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• Know when to use Know when to use
–““Quotation Marks.Quotation Marks.””
–[[Square Brackets.Square Brackets.]]
–Ellipses Ellipses . . .. . .
–UnderliningUnderlining and and
Italics.Italics.
Quoting Research Sources
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• Spell out numbers from one to nine.Spell out numbers from one to nine.– Exceptions: Money & numbers in a series Exceptions: Money & numbers in a series
with at least one number 10 or greater.with at least one number 10 or greater.
• Use numerals for 10 and greater.Use numerals for 10 and greater.– Exception: Numbers at the beginning of Exception: Numbers at the beginning of
sentences.sentences.
• Use numbers for the day and year Use numbers for the day and year in dates.in dates.
Numbers and Dates