2007 e tremeheritage - australia icomos conference 2019
TRANSCRIPT
Energy Delivery – Solutions for the 21st CenturyICOMOS 200719-21 July 2007James Cook UniversityCairns QLD
extremeheritageManaging heritage in the face of climatic extremes, natural disasters and military conflicts in tropical, desert, polar and off-world landscapes.
Conference Handbook
Wel
com
e to
Con
fere
nce
On
beha
lf of
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
, I a
m d
elig
hted
to w
elco
me
you
to o
ur 2
007
Nat
iona
l Con
fere
nce
in C
airn
s, tr
opic
al F
ar
Nor
th Q
ueen
slan
d. W
e ar
e ve
ry g
rate
ful t
o ou
r co
nfer
ence
pa
rtne
r, Ja
mes
Coo
k U
nive
rsity
, for
hos
ting
the
conf
eren
ce
at it
s C
airn
s C
ampu
s. I
wou
ld a
lso
like
to a
ckno
wle
dge
and
pay
my
resp
ects
to th
e tr
aditi
onal
ow
ners
of t
he la
nd, t
he
Iruka
ndjii,
Indi
ndji,
and
Tja
puka
i peo
ples
.
Our
con
fere
nce
them
e -
Ext
rem
e H
erita
ge-
cove
rs a
wid
e sp
ectr
um o
f nat
ural
dis
aste
rs a
nd m
ilitar
y co
nflic
ts in
trop
ical
, de
sert
, pol
ar a
nd o
ff w
orld
land
scap
es. I
t refl
ects
the
mod
ern
chal
leng
e of
man
agin
g he
ritag
e in
a c
hang
ing
and
vola
tile
wor
ld. T
he th
eme
puts
Aus
tral
ia a
nd it
s cl
imat
ic d
iver
sity
in a
w
orld
con
text
and
dra
ws
toge
ther
nat
iona
l and
inte
rnat
iona
l re
sear
cher
s w
orki
ng in
sim
ilar
envi
ronm
ents
to ta
lk a
bout
co
mm
on a
nd e
mer
ging
issu
es.
I wou
ld li
ke to
than
k al
l tho
se p
eopl
e an
d or
gani
satio
ns
who
hav
e co
ntrib
uted
to m
akin
g ou
r co
nfer
ence
pos
sibl
e,
espe
cial
ly o
ur P
latin
um s
pons
ors,
the
Aus
tral
ian
Gov
ernm
ent
Dep
artm
ent o
f Env
ironm
ent a
nd W
ater
Res
ourc
es, a
nd
the
Que
ensl
and
Gov
ernm
ent E
nviro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n A
genc
y an
d D
epar
tmen
t of N
atur
al R
esou
rces
and
Wat
er.
I am
del
ight
ed th
at o
ur d
istin
guis
hed
colle
ague
Joh
n H
urd,
P
resi
dent
of t
he IC
OM
OS
Inte
rnat
iona
l Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
, ha
s ag
reed
to a
tten
d th
e co
nfer
ence
and
del
iver
the
keyn
ote
addr
ess.
I al
so w
elco
me
our
man
y sp
eake
rs a
nd p
artic
ipan
ts
from
Aus
tral
ia a
nd o
vers
eas.
Incl
uded
am
ongs
t the
m is
Bet
h O
’Lea
ry fr
om N
ew M
exic
o S
tate
Uni
vers
ity w
ho is
join
ing
us
to h
elp
us c
eleb
rate
the
anni
vers
ary
of th
e A
pollo
11
land
ing
whi
ch fa
lls o
n th
e 21
st J
uly
by g
ivin
g th
e ke
ynot
e pa
per
in
the
Her
itage
of o
ff-w
orld
land
scap
es s
essi
on. A
ssoc
iate
d w
ith th
is y
ear’s
con
fere
nce
are
two
inno
vativ
e ev
ents
for
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
. The
firs
t is
a on
e-da
y sy
mpo
sium
on
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd h
erita
ge, w
hich
cul
min
ates
in a
pub
lic
foru
m in
the
even
ing.
The
topi
c of
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd
herit
age
is e
ngag
ing
herit
age
prof
essi
onal
s th
roug
hout
the
wor
ld in
clud
ing
the
Wor
ld H
erita
ge C
entr
e an
d th
e IC
OM
OS
In
tern
atio
nal S
cien
tific
Cou
ncil.
The
pub
lic fo
rum
on
this
topi
c w
ill be
an
oppo
rtun
ity fo
r de
lega
tes
and
the
publ
ic to
eng
age
in o
ne o
f the
mos
t im
port
ant d
iscu
ssio
ns fa
cing
the
futu
re o
f he
ritag
e co
nser
vatio
n th
is m
illenn
ium
. The
oth
er m
ajor
eve
nt
is th
e in
augu
ral m
eetin
g of
the
new
ly e
lect
ed fi
rst B
oard
of
ICO
MO
S P
asifi
ka, h
oste
d by
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
. We
are
delig
hted
to a
ssis
t our
Pac
ific
neig
hbou
rs in
con
serv
ing
and
cele
brat
ing
the
rich
herit
age
of th
e P
acifi
c re
gion
.
I tru
st y
ou w
ill ha
ve a
rew
ardi
ng a
nd e
njoy
able
tim
e he
re in
C
airn
s an
d lo
ok fo
rwar
d to
mee
ting
and
talk
ing
with
you
ove
r th
e ne
xt fe
w d
ays.
Pet
erP
hilli
ps
Pre
side
nt, A
ustr
alia
ICO
MO
S
Wel
com
e to
Jam
es C
ook
Uni
vers
ity.
I hav
e gr
eat p
leas
ure
in w
elco
min
g A
ustr
alia
ICO
MO
S a
nd
the
conf
eren
ce d
eleg
ates
to J
ames
Coo
k U
nive
rsity
. Our
pa
rtne
rshi
p th
roug
h th
e Fa
culty
of A
rts,
Edu
catio
n an
d S
ocia
l S
cien
ces
in th
e E
xtre
me
Her
itage
Con
fere
nce
is a
n ex
citin
g op
port
unity
to w
ork
toge
ther
.
Ove
r th
e ne
xt fe
w d
ays
you
will
be d
iscu
ssin
g so
me
of th
e m
ost p
ress
ing
issu
es fa
cing
her
itage
con
serv
atio
n in
the
mod
ern
wor
ld.
This
con
fere
nce,
incl
udin
g th
e sy
mpo
sium
an
d pu
blic
foru
m, p
rovi
des
an e
xcel
lent
opp
ortu
nity
for
prac
titio
ners
and
aca
dem
ics
to b
ring
thei
r ex
perie
nces
to
a c
omm
on ta
ble,
stim
ulat
ing
disc
ussi
on a
nd id
eas
on
how
to a
ddre
ss k
ey c
halle
nges
in h
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion,
in
terp
reta
tion
and
inve
stig
atio
n.
Our
Fac
ulty
is th
e la
rges
t and
mos
t div
erse
at J
ames
C
ook
Uni
vers
ity a
nd fe
atur
es a
ble
nd o
f tra
ditio
nal a
nd
cont
empo
rary
dis
cipl
ines
. It o
ffers
und
ergr
adua
te a
nd
post
grad
uate
cou
rses
to a
ppro
xim
atel
y 40
00 s
tude
nts
at
cam
puse
s in
Tow
nsvi
lle, C
airn
s an
d M
acka
y. M
any
of o
ur
subj
ects
and
are
as o
f res
earc
h ar
e re
leva
nt to
the
conf
eren
ce
them
es a
nd th
ese
incl
ude
arch
aeol
ogy,
ant
hrop
olog
y cu
ltura
l her
itage
man
agem
ent,
soci
olog
y an
d A
ustr
alia
n an
d In
dige
nous
Aus
tral
ian
stud
ies.
The
Fac
ulty
has
an
iden
tified
ar
ea o
f res
earc
h st
reng
th in
Peo
ple
Iden
tity
and
Pla
ce w
hich
re
sona
tes
with
the
wor
k an
d ob
ject
ives
of A
ustr
alia
ICO
MO
S.
Whi
le m
any
prog
ram
s of
fere
d by
the
Facu
lty s
eek
to e
ngag
e st
uden
ts w
ith is
sues
rele
vant
to li
fe in
trop
ical
nor
ther
n A
ustr
alia
and
the
Asi
a P
acifi
c re
gion
, sig
nific
ant c
onsi
dera
tion
is a
lso
give
n to
impo
rtan
t soc
ial,
cultu
ral a
nd p
oliti
cal i
ssue
s in
a w
ider
glo
bal c
onte
xt. I
am
ple
ased
to s
ee th
at s
ever
al
of th
e th
emes
of t
he c
onfe
renc
e fo
cus
on a
reas
of d
irect
im
port
ance
to o
ur u
nive
rsity
incl
udin
g a
focu
s on
her
itage
in
trop
ical
env
ironm
ents
; her
itage
in th
e P
acifi
c re
gion
; clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd h
erita
ge im
pact
s; a
nd th
e im
pact
of d
isas
ters
on
tang
ible
and
inta
ngib
le h
erita
ge.
I hop
e th
at y
ou w
ill en
joy
your
exp
erie
nce
in n
orth
Q
ueen
slan
d an
d th
at y
ou h
ave
a su
cces
sful
con
fere
nce.
Pro
fess
or
Jane
tG
reel
ey
Pro
-Vic
e-C
hanc
ello
r –
Art
s, E
duca
tion
and
Soc
ial S
cien
ces
Con
fere
nce
Spo
nsor
s
The
Org
anis
ing
Com
mitt
ee g
rate
fully
ack
now
ledg
es th
e su
ppor
t of t
he c
onfe
renc
e sp
onso
rs.
Co
nfer
ence
Par
tner
Pla
tinu
m S
po
nso
rs
Go
ld S
po
nso
rs
Silv
er S
po
nso
r
Bro
nze
Sp
ons
or
Pub
lic F
oru
m o
n C
limat
e C
hang
e an
d H
erit
age
and
W
elco
me
Rec
epti
on
Con
tent
s
Pro
gra
mIn
form
atio
n 2
- 6
Key
note
Sp
eake
rs7
Pub
licF
oru
man
dW
elco
me
Rec
eptio
n8
- 9
Po
ster
Exh
ibiti
on
10
Co
ok
Isla
ndH
ung
i10
Co
nfer
ence
Din
ner
11
Gen
eral
Info
rmat
ion
12
Ora
lAb
stra
cts
14 -
44
Po
ster
Ab
stra
cts
44 -
46
Aut
hor
List
48
Map
s49
Org
anis
ing
Com
mitt
ee
Sus
anM
cInt
yre-
Tam
wo
y(C
onfe
renc
e C
onve
nor)
Alic
eB
uhri
ch(C
onsu
ltant
arc
haeo
logi
st)
John
Cam
pb
ell(
Jam
es C
ook
Uni
vers
ity)
Jenn
yG
abri
el(A
nthr
opol
ogy
Pos
tgra
duat
e st
uden
t JC
U)
Cai
tlin
Alle
n (V
ice-
Pre
side
nt, A
ustr
alia
ICO
MO
S)
Lori
Scu
isco
(Exe
cutiv
e C
omm
ittee
, Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
)
She
lley
Gre
er(J
ames
Coo
k U
nive
rsity
)
Mau
reen
Fua
ry(C
onsu
ltant
ant
hrop
olog
ist)
Tim
oth
yH
ubb
ard
(Con
fere
nce
Coo
rdin
ator
, Aus
tral
ia
ICO
MO
S)
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
Pho
ne: +
61 3
925
1 71
31
Fax:
+
61 3
925
1 71
58
Em
ail:
aust
icom
os@
deak
in.e
du.a
u
Co
nfer
ence
Man
ager
Wal
dron
Sm
ith
Man
agem
ent
61 D
anks
St W
est
Por
t Mel
bour
ne V
IC 3
207
Pho
ne: 0
3 96
45 6
311
Em
ail:
info
@w
sm.c
om.a
uw
ww
.aic
om
os.
com
1
Con
fere
nce
Pro
gram
WE
DN
ES
DA
Y18
JULY
2007
Pre
and
Po
st C
onf
eren
ce T
our
s
For
thos
e w
ho h
ave
book
ed t
o go
on
a to
ur m
ake
sure
tha
t yo
u ch
eck
the
notic
e bo
ards
nea
r th
e R
egis
trat
ion
desk
for
any
late
cha
nges
to
the
depa
rtur
e tim
e or
pla
ce.
Aus
tral
ia I
CO
MO
S E
xecu
tive
Mee
ting
The
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
Exe
cutiv
e co
mm
ittee
’s q
uart
erly
mee
ting.
ICO
MO
S P
asifi
kaIn
augu
ral m
eetin
g of
ICO
MO
S P
asifi
ka b
oard
. A
ICO
MO
S is
ple
ased
to fa
cilit
ate
this
opp
ortu
nity
for
the
new
ly fo
rmed
IC
OM
OS
Pas
ifika
boa
rd to
mee
t and
par
ticip
ate
in o
ur n
atio
nal c
onfe
renc
e.
The
Boa
rd m
embe
rs a
re:
·P
resi
den
t -
Ruf
ino
Mau
rici
o (F
eder
atio
n of
the
Sta
tes
of M
icro
nesi
a (F
SM
) (P
ohnp
ei S
tate
) ·
1st
Vic
e-P
resi
den
t -
Chr
isto
phe
San
d (N
ew C
aled
onia
) ·
2nd
Vic
e-P
resi
den
t -
Faus
tina
Reh
uher
(Pal
au)
·S
ecre
tary
- R
icha
rd T
uhei
ava
(Fre
nch
Pol
ynes
ia)
·Tr
easu
rer
- A
di M
eret
ui R
atun
abua
bua
(Fiji)
·
Sec
reta
riat
- M
ered
ith
Bla
ke
Wo
rksh
op
on
Nat
iona
l and
Wo
rld
Her
itag
e lis
ting
of
the
Wet
Tro
pic
s W
orl
d H
erit
age
Are
a (W
TW
HA
) o
n cu
ltur
al
gro
und
s.
JCU
con
tact
: Mic
hael
.Woo
d@jc
u.ed
u.au
This
wor
ksho
p w
hich
is b
eing
run
by
JCU
will
criti
cally
revi
ew w
ork
to d
ate
on d
evel
opin
g m
ater
ial f
or n
omin
atin
g th
e W
TWH
A
on to
Aus
tral
ia’s
nat
iona
l her
itage
list
. Thi
s do
cum
enta
tion
may
als
o se
rve
as th
e ba
sis
for
Wor
ld H
erita
ge li
stin
g. T
he m
ain
aim
of
the
wor
ksho
p is
to g
ener
ate
sugg
estio
ns fo
r im
prov
emen
ts in
the
docu
men
tatio
n of
Indi
geno
us c
ultu
ral v
alue
s an
d to
gai
n a
bett
er u
nder
stan
ding
of p
roce
dure
s an
d as
sess
men
t crit
eria
. To
enco
urag
e pr
oduc
tive
disc
ussi
on th
is s
essi
on p
artic
ipan
t nu
mbe
rs a
re re
stric
ted.
Mee
t an
d G
reet
BB
Q5p
m a
t Tr
inity
Bea
ch E
spla
nad
e (s
outh
ern
end
BB
Qs)
A c
asua
l BB
Q fo
r th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts in
the
day
s w
orks
hops
and
mee
tings
. IP
asifi
ka, A
ICO
MO
S a
nd W
orks
hop
part
icip
ants
are
w
elco
me
to m
eet
at t
he E
spla
nade
to
get
to k
now
eac
h ot
her,
enjo
y a
sim
ple
Aus
sie
BB
Q a
nd u
nwin
d at
the
bea
ch. F
ood
and
non-
alco
holic
bev
erag
es p
rovi
ded.
9.00
amW
elco
me
to s
ymp
osi
um-
Her
itag
ean
dC
limat
eC
hang
e
Sus
an M
cInt
yre-
Tam
woy
R
oom
B1.
031
9.15
amW
hat
are
the
risk
s/ li
kely
imp
acts
? W
hat
mig
ht w
e lo
se?
Are
we
iden
tify
ing
the
m t
hese
ris
ks/p
ote
ntia
l lo
sses
/iss
ues:
- Im
pact
s on
nat
ural
/inta
ngib
le/p
hysi
cal h
erita
ge-
Ext
rem
e cl
imat
ic e
vent
s M
ike
Pea
rson
and
Mik
e R
owla
nd
10.4
5am
Mo
rnin
g T
ea
11.0
5am
Hum
an r
ecep
tive
ness
/re
spo
nses
to
clim
ate
chan
ge
and
her
itag
e –
how
are
the
se c
om
po
und
ing
or
help
ing
the
pro
ble
m
Sim
on F
oale
and
Pet
er C
hris
toff
12.1
0pm
Lunc
h
12.5
0pm
Ho
w p
rep
ared
are
we
as h
erit
age
pra
ctit
ione
rs a
nd r
elat
ed d
isci
plin
es?
Wha
t p
rep
arat
ion/
rese
arch
has
bee
n d
one
? Va
ness
a Va
ldez
Ram
irez
and
Ros
ita H
enry
2.45
pmA
fter
noo
n Te
a
3.05
pmW
here
to
fro
m h
ere
– p
lug
gin
g t
he g
aps.
Jo
hn H
urd
4.20
pmS
ymp
osi
um C
lose
and
Bus
Tra
nsfe
r to
The
Tan
ks
Pu
blic
Foru
m o
n C
limate
Ch
an
ge a
nd
Heri
tage a
nd
Welc
om
e R
ecep
tion
TAN
KS
Art
Cen
tre,
Tan
k 5
Ple
ase
refe
r to
pag
e 8
for
det
ails
.
Ent
ry v
ia G
old
Coi
n D
onat
ion
to th
e G
loba
l Her
itage
Fun
d.
TH
UR
SD
AY
19JU
LY20
07
Sym
posi
um
on
Heri
tage a
nd
Clim
ate
Ch
an
ge
The
sym
po
sium
will
be
a d
ay lo
ng e
xplo
ratio
n o
f is
sues
aro
und
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
and
its
imp
licat
ions
fo
r H
erita
ge
com
men
cing
at
9.00
am.
The
sym
po
sium
will
invo
lve
anu
mb
ero
fp
rese
ntat
ions
fro
mA
ustr
alia
nan
do
vers
eas
spec
ialis
tsw
hoha
veex
per
ienc
ein
eith
ercl
imat
ech
ang
eo
rhe
rita
ge
and
who
have
take
nth
iso
pp
ort
unity
toco
nsid
erth
elik
ely
and
po
ssib
lere
latio
nshi
ps
of
the
two
.
Gen
eral
lyth
ed
ayw
illco
nsis
tso
fd
iscu
ssio
nsst
ruct
ured
aro
und
seve
ralp
rese
ntat
ions
des
igne
dto
gen
erat
ed
ebat
ear
oun
dke
yar
eas
of
inte
rest
.In
this
sym
po
sium
the
dis
cuss
ion
will
be
asim
po
rtan
tas
the
pre
sent
atio
ns,d
raw
ing
inan
even
bro
ader
rang
eo
fex
per
tise
toad
dre
ssth
eis
sues
.
We
will
spen
dth
em
orn
ing
cons
ider
ing
the
heri
tag
eri
sks
and
likel
yim
pac
tso
fcl
imat
ech
ang
ew
heth
erg
rad
ualo
rd
ueto
extr
eme
clim
atic
even
ts.W
hat
mig
htw
elo
seas
clim
ate
chan
ge
occ
urs?
Wha
tar
ew
ed
oin
gto
iden
tify
the
po
tent
iall
oss
esan
dis
sues
?W
hat
will
be
the
imp
acts
on
natu
ral/
inta
ngib
lean
dp
hysi
calh
erita
ge
valu
es?
Dur
ing
this
par
to
fth
esy
mp
osi
umw
ew
illhe
arp
rese
ntat
ions
fro
mM
icha
elP
ears
on
who
will
out
line
the
likel
ysc
enar
ioin
rela
tion
toA
ustr
alia
’s’c
ultu
ralh
erita
ge;
and
anex
per
to
nex
trem
eev
ents
(TB
A).
Mik
eR
ow
land
will
pro
vid
ean
ove
rvie
wo
fth
ehi
sto
ryo
fco
ncer
nw
ithth
eim
pac
tso
fcl
imat
ech
ang
eo
ncu
ltura
lher
itag
ein
Aus
tral
iaw
ithsp
ecifi
cre
fere
nce
toar
chae
olo
gy.
The
dis
cuss
ion
will
mo
vena
tura
llyin
toa
dis
cuss
ion
of
hum
anre
cep
tiven
ess
and
resp
ons
esto
clim
ate
chan
ge
and
how
thes
ecu
rren
tlym
itig
ate
or
com
po
und
the
po
tent
iali
mp
acts
.In
Mel
anes
ia.P
eter
Chr
isto
fffr
om
the
Sch
oo
lof
So
cial
&E
nviro
nmen
tal
Enq
uiry
, Uni
vers
ityo
fM
elb
our
ne,w
illsp
eak
on
clim
ate
chan
ge,
adap
tive
go
vern
ance
and
imp
licat
ions
for
cultu
ralh
erita
ge.
Aft
erlu
nch
we
are
turn
ing
our
focu
sto
loo
kat
wha
tre
sear
chis
curr
ently
und
erw
ayw
ithca
sest
udy
pre
sent
atio
nsfr
om
Vane
ssa
Vald
ezR
amire
z(W
etTr
op
ics
WH
A)a
ndR
osi
taH
enry
(Chu
ukLa
go
on)
.The
mo
rnin
gp
rese
ntat
ions
par
ticul
arly
Pea
rso
n’s
and
Ro
wla
nd’s
will
agai
nb
ere
leva
nthe
re.F
rom
this
po
int
itw
illb
ea
mat
ter
of
iden
tifyi
ngw
hat
are
som
eo
fth
ep
rio
rity
area
sfo
rim
med
iate
and
futu
rein
vest
igat
ions
.
Aft
era
sho
rtb
reak
for
afte
rno
on
tea
we
will
pul
lto
get
her
the
tho
ught
san
did
eas
gen
erat
edth
roug
hout
the
day
and
turn
our
min
dto
how
we
will
pro
gre
ssth
ed
iscu
ssio
no
fp
rep
arin
gan
dre
spo
ndin
gto
clim
ate
chan
ge
ashe
rita
ge
pro
fess
iona
ls.
John
Hur
dw
illp
rese
nto
nth
ero
leo
fIC
OM
OS
Inte
rnat
iona
lSci
entif
icC
om
mitt
ees.
We
hop
eto
gen
erat
ea
mo
men
tum
by
po
sitin
gst
rate
gie
sth
atw
eca
nim
ple
men
tto
incr
ease
bo
thth
ed
ebat
eb
etw
een
com
mun
ityan
dg
ove
rnm
ent
sect
ors
and
the
rese
arch
focu
so
fth
eac
adem
ean
dp
artn
ero
rgan
isat
ions
inre
latio
nto
heri
tag
ean
dcl
imat
ech
ang
e.
The
sym
pos
ium
will
con
clud
e at
4.2
0pm
sha
rp s
o th
at w
e ca
n b
oard
a b
us a
nd jo
in m
emb
ers
of t
he p
ublic
and
the
oth
er c
onfe
renc
e d
eleg
ates
at
the
Pub
lic F
orum
Con
fere
nce
Pro
gram
23
Rain
fore
st,
Sava
nn
ah
an
d
Reef:
Cu
ltu
ral
Heri
tage i
n
the T
rop
ics
(Part
1)
Sus
an M
cInt
yre-
Tam
woy
and
M
aure
en F
uary
Roo
m A
3.2
Ext
rem
e E
xperi
en
ces
In C
ult
ura
l To
uri
sm A
nd
In
terp
reta
tion
(P
art
1)
Gor
don
Grim
wad
eR
oom
A1.
016
Ove
r E
xpose
d o
r B
low
n
Aw
ay!
….A
rch
itectu
re i
n
the E
xtre
me
Ala
n C
roke
rR
oom
A1.
014
Heri
tage D
isast
ers
&
Ris
k P
rep
are
dn
ess
(P
art
2)
Rob
yn R
idde
tt a
nd D
irk H
R
Spe
nnem
ann
Roo
m B
1.03
1
1.55
pmA
Her
itag
eo
fE
xtre
mes
:La
rdil,
Kai
adilt
and
Yan
gka
alA
bo
rig
inal
Peo
ple
of
the
Wel
lesl
eyIs
land
s,G
ulf
of
Car
pen
tari
aC
ameo
Dal
ley
Aut
hent
icity
vers
usC
om
mo
difi
catio
n:A
tro
city
Her
itag
eTo
uris
mat
‘Dea
thR
ailw
ay’o
fth
eB
rid
ge
ove
rth
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iver
Kw
aian
dits
Ass
oci
atio
nsA
piny
a A
rrun
apap
om
Ext
rem
eb
egin
ning
s:th
eE
ffec
tso
fC
yclo
nes
on
the
Dev
elo
pm
ent
of
Inni
sfai
l,F
ar N
ort
hQ
ueen
slan
dR
ob D
astin
g an
d S
andi
Rob
b
Wo
rksh
op
:To
war
ds
anIn
teg
rate
dA
pp
roac
hto
Cul
tura
lHer
itag
eD
isas
ter
Man
agem
ent
–R
obyn
Rid
dett
2.20
pmLi
zard
Isla
ndS
tone
Bui
ldin
gs
Rut
h K
err
Wo
rld
War
Two
Site
sin
Torr
esS
trai
tVa
ness
a S
eeke
e
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ber
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enix
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ushf
ires
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acul
arT
imb
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uild
ing
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eoff
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ley
2.45
pmW
hyIs
My
Litt
leT
imb
erS
hack
Her
itag
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sted
?I
Wan
tTo
Bui
ld U
nits
!K
en H
ogan
Tran
sfo
rmat
ive
Lear
ning
inth
eH
idd
enC
ity:W
ritin
gan
Inte
rpre
tatio
nP
lan
atth
eV
ieng
xaiF
ield
Sch
oo
lin
No
rthe
rnLa
os
Joan
na W
ills
3.10
pmA
ftern
oon
Tea
Rain
fore
st,
Sava
nn
ah
an
d R
eef:
C
ult
ura
l H
eri
tage i
n t
he T
rop
ics
(Part
2)
Sus
an M
cInt
yre-
Tam
woy
and
M
aure
en F
uary
Roo
m A
3.2
Ext
rem
e E
xperi
en
ces
In C
ult
ura
l To
uri
sm A
nd
In
terp
reta
tion
(P
art
2)
Gor
don
Grim
wad
eR
oom
A1.
016
Heri
tage a
nd
Con
flic
t in
Eu
rop
eW
illiam
Log
an a
nd T
racy
Irel
and
Roo
m A
1.01
4
3.40
pmLa
shed
,Sla
mm
ed,T
orn
,and
Bat
tere
d:C
yclo
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oni
caan
dth
eS
ubse
que
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pac
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dig
eno
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ock
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inA
rnhe
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nd, N
ort
hern
Terr
itory
Dar
yl G
use,
Ric
hard
Woo
lfe a
nd
Jaco
b N
ayin
ggul
Whe
nW
eW
ors
hip
edth
eD
evil
Bill
Car
ter
Cul
ture
,Her
itag
ean
dId
entit
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arie
-The
res
Alb
ert
4.05
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anag
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ater
cultu
ral
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tag
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case
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yo
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iduk
a
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hip
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ealin
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axan
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abb
ages
and
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gs’
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mTr
aditi
on
toTe
chno
log
yin
Her
itag
eIn
terp
reta
tion
Jane
Har
ringt
on
Our
Tro
user
sw
ere
like
aM
apo
fE
uro
pe,
they
had
som
any
Pat
ches
’-In
vest
igat
ing
Her
itag
ean
dId
entit
yin
the
Land
scap
eo
f20
thC
entu
ryin
Cyp
rus
Trac
y Ire
land
4.30
pmH
untin
gM
agic
,Mai
nten
ance
Cer
emo
nies
and
Incr
ease
Site
sE
xplo
ring
Trad
itio
nalM
anag
emen
tS
yste
ms
for
Mar
ine
Res
our
ces
Alo
ngth
eTr
op
ical
No
rth
Que
ensl
and
Co
astli
neS
usan
McI
ntyr
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mw
oy
Co
nclu
sio
nG
ordo
n G
rimw
ade
Man
agin
gH
erita
ge
inth
eW
ake
of
War
and
Co
nflic
tin
Cyp
rus
Sus
an B
alde
rsto
ne
5.00
pmP
ost
erE
xhib
itio
nO
pen
ing
Futu
re o
f Her
itage
in Q
ueen
slan
d' a
nd 'S
tate
wid
e S
urve
y,
Dav
id E
ades
Que
ensl
and'
s H
erita
ge G
rant
s P
rogr
am,
Pet
er H
utch
ison
Ple
ase
refe
r to
pag
e 9
for
furt
her
deta
ils.
6.30
pmC
ook
Isla
nd H
ungi
and
Tra
ditio
nal D
anci
ngP
leas
e re
fer
to p
age
10 fo
r de
tails
FR
IDA
Y20
JULY
2007
9.00
amW
elco
me
and
Offi
cial
Ope
n
9.30
amK
eyno
teP
rese
ntat
ion
The
Co
nser
vatio
n C
halle
nges
of
Ho
t, L
ow
and
Co
ld,
Hig
h D
eser
ts.
Cen
tral
Asi
a an
d T
rans
Him
alay
aJo
hn H
urd
Roo
m A
3.1
10.3
0am
Mor
ning
Tea
Th
e H
eri
tage o
f D
ese
rt
Lan
dsc
ap
es
Bru
ce P
ridea
uxR
oom
A3.
1
Heri
tage D
isast
ers
an
d R
isk
Pre
pare
dn
ess
(P
art
1)
Rob
yn R
idde
tt a
nd D
irk H
R
Spe
nnem
ann
Roo
m B
1.03
1
Th
e H
eri
tage o
f P
ola
r an
d A
lpin
e
Pla
ces
Mic
hael
Pea
rson
Roo
m A
3.2
11.0
0am
Bey
ond
the
Pal
e:th
eP
light
of
Rem
ote
Are
aH
erita
ge
Jane
Len
non
Res
tori
ngC
ultu
ralH
erita
ge
inS
out
han
dS
out
heas
tA
sia
inth
eA
fter
mat
ho
fa
Nat
ural
Dis
aste
r:In
teg
ratin
gS
yste
ms
The
ory
and
Ind
igen
ous
Phi
loso
phi
cala
ndC
ultu
ralT
rad
itio
nsto
Sup
po
rtS
usta
inab
leC
ons
erva
tion
Ap
pro
ache
sJa
mie
Mac
Kee
‘Her
itag
eat
Ris
k’:C
ultu
ralH
erita
ge
Man
agem
ent
inth
eA
ntar
ctic
She
rrie
-Lee
Eva
ns
11.2
5am
Her
itag
eas
aM
otiv
atio
nfo
rF
our
Whe
elD
rive
Tour
ism
inD
eser
tA
ustr
alia
Bru
ce P
ridea
ux
Tow
ard
sa
Sus
tain
able
Fut
ure
of
Nat
ural
Dis
aste
rsan
dH
erita
ge
Man
agem
ent
inA
ustr
alia
:Att
itud
es,
Issu
esan
dC
halle
nges
Dirk
HR
Spe
nnem
an
Bey
ond
the
Her
oic
Hut
s:M
anag
ing
Aus
tral
ia’s
Ant
arct
icH
erita
ge
Ste
phen
Pow
ell
11.5
0am
The
Po
wer
of
Co
mm
unity
:AC
ase
of
Tem
ple
Res
tora
tion
inB
asg
o,L
adak
hin
the
Him
alay
anD
eser
tS
enth
ilpav
ai K
asia
nnan
Just
Larr
ied
:Rec
ove
ring
Wet
Tro
pic
alH
erita
ge
inth
eW
ake
of
aC
yclo
neB
ruce
Whi
te, J
ames
Coo
k U
nive
rsity
Co
nser
vatio
nC
halle
nges
inth
eS
out
hS
hetla
ndIs
land
s,A
ntar
ctic
aM
icha
el P
ears
on, H
erita
ge M
anag
emen
t C
onsu
ltant
s
12.1
5pm
The
Inte
rpre
tatio
no
fS
urfa
ceS
tone
Art
efac
tA
ssem
bla
ge
Co
mp
osi
tion
fro
mE
rod
edC
ont
exts
inA
rid
Wes
tern
New
So
uth
Wal
es,A
ustr
alia
Just
in S
hine
r
Up
inS
mo
ke:W
ildfir
esan
dH
erita
ge
Fen
ces
John
Pic
kard
Co
nser
ving
inth
eD
eep
Fre
eze:
Sav
ing
and
Inte
rpre
ting
the
Her
oic
Era
Hut
so
fth
eR
oss
Dep
end
ency
inA
ntar
ctic
aFi
ona
Tenn
ant
and
Julia
n B
icke
rste
th
12.4
0pm
The
Des
ert
City
of
Bam
and
itsC
ultu
ralL
and
scap
eaf
ter
the
Ear
thq
uake
of
Dec
emb
er20
03:A
Ris
kP
rep
ared
ness
Cas
eA
bdol
raso
ol V
atan
dous
t
Tarp
san
dT
iles
and
the
Fat
eo
fS
late
:T
heH
erita
ge
Imp
act
of
the
1999
Syd
ney
Hai
lsto
rmo
nth
eC
ityo
fS
ydne
yC
hery
Kem
p
The
Arc
haeo
log
yo
fD
ang
ero
usP
lace
sR
ob P
aton
1.05
pmLu
nch
FR
IDA
Y20
JULY
2007
cont
.
Con
fere
nce
Pro
gram
Con
fere
nce
Pro
gram
54
Con
fere
nce
Pro
gram
SAT
UR
DA
Y21
JULY
2007
9.00
amK
eyno
teP
rese
ntat
ion
Ann
iver
sary
of
the
Ap
ollo
11M
oo
nLa
ndin
gB
eth
O’L
eary
Roo
m A
3.1
10.1
5am
Mor
ning
Tea
Th
e H
eri
tage o
f O
ff-W
orl
d
Lan
dsc
ap
es
– (P
art
1)
John
Cam
pbel
l and
Alic
e G
orm
anR
oom
A3.
1
Th
e W
ate
ry R
ealm
–
An
Ext
rem
ely
Im
port
an
t E
nvi
ron
men
tS
helle
y G
reer
Roo
m A
3.2
Heri
tage a
nd
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Willi
am L
ogan
and
Tra
cy Ir
elan
dR
oom
A1.
014
10.4
5am
Intr
od
uctio
nJo
hn C
ampb
ell a
nd A
lice
Gor
man
R
ead
ing
and
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pbel
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e P
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ith a
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haeolo
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tage a
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nven
tion
and
the
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ific
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ndS
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ith
The
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lar
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tem
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ond
John
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pbel
ll
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ting
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nth
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ap:
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od
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OS
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unity
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erty
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lard
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onfe
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e D
inne
r
7.00
pmC
onfe
renc
e D
inne
r: P
leas
e re
fer
to p
age
11 fo
r di
nner
info
rmat
ion.
Invi
ted
Spe
aker
s
Mr
John
Hur
d
Follo
win
g a
B.S
c. in
the
Geo
logy
of C
lays
, Joh
n st
udie
d a
two-
year
Con
serv
atio
n S
cien
ce d
iplo
ma
and
an ‘o
bjec
ts’
high
er N
atio
nal d
iplo
ma,
incl
udin
g pl
acem
ents
at t
he V
icto
ria
and
Alb
ert M
useu
m in
Lon
don.
In 2
000
John
form
ed H
urd
Con
serv
atio
n In
tern
atio
nal,
an
Inte
rnat
iona
l fiel
d co
nsul
tanc
y w
ith p
roje
cts
acro
ss A
sia
for
seve
ral I
nter
natio
nal a
genc
ies;
he
is a
sen
ior
cons
erva
tion
cons
ulta
nt to
UN
ES
CO
, Wor
ld H
erita
ge C
entr
e, o
n th
e S
ilk
Roa
ds c
ities
of C
entr
al A
sia.
John
Hur
d ch
aire
d th
e IC
OM
OS
UK
ear
th s
cien
tific
com
mitt
ee fr
om 1
994-
2000
, and
was
ele
cted
as
Pre
side
nt
of IC
OM
OS
. Int
erna
tiona
l Sci
entifi
c C
omm
ittee
for
Ear
then
A
rchi
tect
ural
Her
itage
in 2
006.
In O
ctob
er 2
006
he w
as
elec
ted
as P
resi
dent
of t
he IC
OM
OS
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
.
John
is n
ow d
irect
or o
f con
serv
atio
n fo
r th
e G
loba
l Her
itage
Fu
nd.
Dr
Bet
h O
’Lea
ry
The
21st
of
July
200
7 is
the
anni
vers
ary
of th
e A
pollo
11
land
ing.
AIC
OM
OS
is p
roud
to a
nnou
nce
that
the
Her
itage
of
Off
Wor
ld L
ands
cape
s se
ssio
n on
that
day
will
be le
d by
a
talk
from
the
wor
ld’s
lead
ing
spec
ialis
t in
Spa
ce H
erita
ge
Ass
ocia
te P
rofe
ssor
Bet
h O
’Lea
ry.
Bet
h La
ura
O’L
eary
, Ph.
D. i
s an
ant
hrop
olog
ist a
nd
asso
ciat
e co
llege
pro
fess
or s
peci
aliz
ing
in c
ultu
ral r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent i
n th
e D
epar
tmen
t of A
nthr
opol
ogy
at N
ew
Mex
ico
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
, Las
Cru
ces,
New
Mex
ico,
US
A. F
or
the
last
sev
en y
ears
she
has
bee
n in
volv
ed w
ith th
e cu
ltura
l he
ritag
e of
out
er s
pace
and
the
Moo
n in
the
emer
ging
fiel
d of
Spa
ce H
erita
ge. A
s a
reci
pien
t of a
gra
nt fr
om th
e N
ew
Mex
ico
Spa
ce G
rant
Con
sort
ium
(NA
SA
), sh
e in
vest
igat
ed
both
the
arch
aeol
ogic
al a
ssem
blag
e an
d th
e in
tern
atio
nal
herit
age
stat
us o
f the
Apo
llo 1
1 Tr
anqu
ility
Bas
e si
te o
n th
e M
oon.
On
May
6, 2
006,
Dr.
Bet
h La
ura
O’L
eary
with
the
Sta
te
His
toric
Pre
serv
atio
n O
ffice
r, K
athe
rine
Slic
k, a
nd th
e N
ew
Mex
ico
Mus
eum
of S
pace
His
tory
(NM
MS
H) d
ocum
ente
d th
e A
pollo
11
Tran
quilit
y B
ase
arch
aeol
ogic
al s
ite o
n th
e M
oon
as L
A 2
,000
,000
in th
e S
tate
of N
ew M
exic
o’s
Arc
haeo
logi
cal
Rec
ords
Man
agem
ent S
ectio
n (A
RM
S) d
atab
ase.
LA
2,
000,
000
repr
esen
ts th
e fir
st s
ite c
reat
ed b
y th
e A
pollo
11
Ast
rona
uts
on J
uly
20, 1
969
on th
e M
oon,
238
,857
mile
s fro
m E
arth
at (
Luna
r C
oord
inat
es) 0
.672
66 d
egre
es N
orth
La
titud
e, 2
3.47
298
degr
ees
Eas
t Lon
gitu
de. T
he N
ew
Mex
ico
Mus
eum
of S
pace
His
tory
ser
ves
as th
e ho
st fo
r LA
2,0
00,0
00 o
n E
arth
. The
loca
tion
of th
is m
arke
r at
the
Mus
eum
(UTM
Coo
rdin
ates
: Zon
e 13
, E 4
1396
9/ N
3642
735)
is
fore
ver
linke
d to
the
first
luna
r la
ndin
g si
te. L
A 2
,000
,000
is
now
par
t of A
RM
S, t
he la
rges
t arc
haeo
logi
cal d
atab
ase
in
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes.
Thi
s ac
tion
mar
ks th
e fir
st e
ffort
her
e on
E
arth
to p
rese
rve
the
cultu
ral h
erita
ge o
n th
e M
oon.
It is
the
first
regi
ster
ed S
pace
Her
itage
site
in th
e w
orld
.
She
is c
urre
ntly
rese
arch
ing
all t
he lu
nar
site
s (ro
botic
an
d m
anne
d la
ndin
g lo
catio
ns) a
s hi
stor
ic a
rcha
eolo
gica
l pr
oper
ties,
thei
r co
ntex
t in
the
Col
d W
ar a
nd th
eir
sign
ifica
nce
and
pres
erva
tion
in n
ew “
Spa
ce R
ace”
and
fu
ture
spa
ce to
uris
m. S
he is
pre
parin
g no
min
atio
ns o
f lun
ar
site
s to
the
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
in th
e ne
w N
atio
nal R
egis
ter
of
His
toric
Pla
ces.
67
Pub
licF
oru
mo
nC
limat
eC
hang
ean
dH
erita
ge
and
Wel
com
eR
ecep
tion
Th
urs
day
19
Ju
ly 2
00
7 T
AN
KS
Art
Cen
tre,
Tan
k 5
En
try
via G
old
Coin
Don
ati
on
to t
he G
lob
al H
eri
tage
Fu
nd
.P
roud
ly s
pons
ored
by:
This
pub
lic fo
rum
hos
ted
by A
ICO
MO
S a
nd J
CU
is
spon
sore
d by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es
and
Wat
er. T
he D
epar
tmen
t has
rece
ntly
take
n on
new
re
spon
sibi
litie
s in
rela
tion
to C
limat
e C
hang
e an
d it
is a
lso
the
agen
cy re
spon
sibl
e fo
r th
e m
anag
emen
t of I
ndig
enou
s he
ritag
e in
Que
ensl
and.
The
Hon
Cra
ig W
alla
ce w
ill op
en
the
foru
m w
hich
will
be a
n op
port
unity
for
dele
gate
s an
d th
e pu
blic
to e
ngag
e in
one
of t
he m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t dis
cuss
ions
fa
cing
the
futu
re o
f her
itage
con
serv
atio
n th
is m
illenn
ium
. A
serie
s of
spe
cial
ists
will
mak
e br
ief p
rese
ntat
ion
on is
sues
re
latin
g to
her
itage
and
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd th
en m
embe
rs o
f th
e pu
blic
and
del
egat
es w
ill ha
ve th
e op
port
unity
to e
ngag
e th
em in
dis
cuss
ion.
The
Tank
s is
a W
orld
War
II s
ite h
ousi
ng fi
ve o
il ta
nks,
thre
e of
whi
ch h
ave
been
tran
sfor
med
into
a u
niqu
e co
mm
unity
ar
ts c
entr
e. T
his
site
is th
e ho
me
of C
airn
s’ m
ost i
nnov
ativ
e A
rts
faci
litie
s pr
ovid
ing
vers
atile
art
s se
rvic
es a
nd p
erfo
rmin
g -
visu
al a
rts
venu
es. T
he P
ublic
For
um w
ill be
hel
d in
Tan
k #5
with
refre
shm
ents
ser
ved
in th
e ad
jace
nt m
agic
al tr
opic
al
gard
ens
Mas
ter
of
Cer
emo
nies
Ms
Mic
helle
Rayn
er
Mic
helle
Ray
ner
is th
e E
xecu
tive
Pro
duce
r of
the
soci
al
hist
ory
and
Feat
ures
Uni
t, at
AB
C R
adio
Nat
iona
l - th
e on
ly m
edia
out
let i
n A
ustr
alia
whi
ch b
road
cast
s a
wee
kly
hour
-leng
th p
rogr
am d
evot
ed e
xclu
sive
ly to
his
tory
and
hi
stor
iogr
aphy
. Mic
helle
has
bee
n pr
oduc
ing
talk
rad
io fo
r th
e la
st tw
enty
yea
rs, f
rom
sci
ence
pro
gram
s to
com
edy,
fo
r bo
th th
e A
BC
and
the
BB
C. S
he h
as a
Mas
ters
deg
ree
in P
ublic
His
tory
from
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f Tec
hnol
ogy,
Syd
ney,
an
d is
a p
ast w
inne
r of
the
NS
W P
rem
iers
His
tory
Aw
ard,
for
her
docu
men
tary
‘Pas
ses
and
Pat
hway
s -
A H
isto
ry o
f the
W
alki
ng T
rack
s of
the
Blu
e M
ount
ains
’.
Op
enin
gA
dd
ress
Th
e H
on
. C
raig
Walla
ce,
Min
iste
r fo
r N
atu
ral
Reso
urc
es
an
d W
ate
r an
d M
inis
ter
Ass
isti
ng
the P
rem
ier
in N
ort
h Q
ueen
slan
d M
em
ber
for
Th
uri
ngow
a.
Cra
ig W
alla
ce w
as a
ppoi
nted
Que
ensl
and
Min
iste
r fo
r N
atur
al
Res
ourc
es a
nd W
ater
and
Min
iste
r A
ssis
ting
the
Pre
mie
r in
N
orth
Que
ensl
and
in N
ovem
ber
2006
. B
orn
in H
ome
Hill,
Mr
Wal
lace
, the
Mem
ber
for
Thur
ingo
wa,
was
ele
cted
to S
tate
P
arlia
men
t in
Febr
uary
200
4.
The
Dep
artm
ent o
f Nat
ural
Res
ourc
es a
nd W
ater
incl
udes
th
e C
limat
e C
hang
e C
entr
e of
Exc
elle
nce
who
se p
urpo
se is
to
pro
vide
str
ateg
ic w
hole
-of-
gove
rnm
ent p
olic
y ad
vice
and
in
form
atio
n ab
out c
limat
e ch
ange
that
is u
sed
and
valu
ed b
y de
cisi
on m
aker
s ac
ross
Que
ensl
and.
Co
ralR
eefs
:Will
they
Sur
vive
Rap
idE
nviro
nmen
tal-
Clim
ate
Cha
nge?
Pro
f M
alc
olm
McC
ullo
ch
Thro
ugh
cons
ider
ing
the
poss
ible
sce
nario
s of
cat
astr
ophi
c cl
imat
e ch
ange
and
cor
al re
efs
Mal
colm
will
chal
leng
e ou
r co
mpl
acen
cy in
rela
tion
to th
e lik
ely
impa
cts
of
clim
ate
chan
ge o
n th
e na
tura
l and
cul
tura
l env
ironm
ent.
Chi
ef In
vest
igat
or w
ith th
e C
entr
e of
Exc
elle
nce
in C
oral
R
eef S
tudi
es, M
alco
lm is
bas
ed a
t the
Aus
tral
ian
Nat
iona
l U
nive
rsity
in th
e R
esea
rch
Sch
ool o
f Ear
th S
cien
ces.
He
will
outli
ne s
ome
evid
ence
for
past
clim
ate
chan
ge fr
om h
is c
oral
re
ef re
sear
ch. H
e w
ill al
so s
et th
e sc
ene
for
the
othe
r ta
lks
in
the
foru
m b
y pr
ovid
ing
an o
verv
iew
of t
he c
urre
nt s
cena
rio
for
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd im
plic
atio
ns fo
r on
e of
Aus
tral
ia’s
W
orld
Her
itage
Site
s th
e G
reat
Bar
rier
Ree
f. H
is c
urre
nt
rese
arch
inte
rest
s in
clud
e: th
e ap
plic
atio
n of
isot
opic
and
tr
ace
elem
ent g
eoch
emic
al m
etho
ds to
bet
ter
unde
rsta
nd
the
impa
cts
of b
oth
clim
atic
and
ant
hrop
ogen
ic p
roce
sses
on
the
Ear
th’s
env
ironm
ent.
Res
earc
h on
mod
ern
cora
ls
in th
e G
reat
Bar
rier
Ree
f of Q
ueen
slan
d, a
s w
ell a
s co
ral
reef
s of
Aus
tral
ia’s
nea
r ne
ighb
ours
, inc
ludi
ng th
e ex
trac
tion
of h
igh
reso
lutio
n, c
ontin
uous
reco
rds
of b
oth
clim
ate
and
anth
ropo
geni
c im
pact
s ar
e be
ing
extr
acte
d fro
m li
ving
cor
als,
of
up
to 3
00 to
400
yea
rs in
age
, to
asse
ss th
e na
ture
and
ch
arac
ter
of p
ast v
aria
tions
in c
limat
e an
d an
thro
poge
nic
influ
ence
s. H
e is
als
o in
volv
ed in
rese
arch
on
foss
il co
rals
to
det
erm
ine
the
timin
g an
d ra
te o
f sea
leve
l cha
nges
; an
d de
velo
pmen
t of m
etho
ds fo
r in
-situ
ana
lyse
s of
trac
e el
emen
ts in
car
bona
tes
(cor
als)
to e
nabl
e hi
gh re
solu
tion
tem
pora
l stu
dies
of c
limat
e ch
ange
to b
e un
dert
aken
.
The
Wal
lsC
om
eC
rum
blin
gD
ow
n:C
hang
ing
Rai
nfal
lPat
tern
sin
Him
alay
anD
eser
tsM
r Joh
n H
urd
John
’s p
aper
will
high
light
the
effe
cts
of c
limat
e ch
ange
on
herit
age
site
s in
the
Him
alay
an d
eser
ts re
min
ding
us
that
th
e im
pact
of c
limat
e ch
ange
are
glo
bal i
n sc
ale
and
dive
rse
in n
atur
e. In
Aus
tral
ia w
hen
we
thin
k of
the
likel
y im
pact
s of
cl
imat
e ch
ange
we
tend
to fo
cus
on is
sue
asso
ciat
ed w
ith
sea
leve
l ris
e an
d/or
incr
easi
ng s
alin
ity F
ollo
win
g a
B.S
c. in
th
e G
eolo
gy o
f Cla
ys, J
ohn
stud
ied
a tw
o-ye
ar C
onse
rvat
ion
Sci
ence
dip
lom
a an
d an
‘obj
ects
’ hig
her
Nat
iona
l dip
lom
a,
incl
udin
g pl
acem
ents
at t
he V
icto
ria a
nd A
lber
t Mus
eum
in
Lon
don.
In 2
000
John
form
ed H
urd
Con
serv
atio
n In
tern
atio
nal,
an In
tern
atio
nal fi
eld
cons
ulta
ncy
with
pro
ject
s ac
ross
Asi
a fo
r se
vera
l Int
erna
tiona
l age
ncie
s; h
e is
a s
enio
r co
nser
vatio
n co
nsul
tant
to U
NE
SC
O, W
orld
Her
itage
Cen
tre,
on
the
Silk
Roa
ds c
ities
of C
entr
al A
sia.
Joh
n H
urd
chai
red
the
ICO
MO
S U
K e
arth
sci
entifi
c co
mm
ittee
from
199
4-20
00,
and
was
ele
cted
as
Pre
side
nt o
f IC
OM
OS
. Int
erna
tiona
l S
cien
tific
Com
mitt
ee fo
r E
arth
en A
rchi
tect
ural
Her
itage
in
200
6. In
Oct
ober
200
6 he
was
ele
cted
as
Pre
side
nt o
f th
e IC
OM
OS
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
.Joh
n is
now
dire
ctor
of
cons
erva
tion
for
the
Glo
bal H
erita
ge F
und.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
and
itsIm
pac
to
nA
ustr
alia
’sC
ultu
ralH
erita
ge
Dr
Mic
hael P
ears
on
Und
erst
anda
bly,
the
deba
te o
n cl
imat
e ch
ange
to d
ate
has
larg
ely
been
driv
en v
ia a
con
side
ratio
n of
the
chan
ges
in
the
natu
ral e
nviro
nmen
t. M
icha
el’s
pap
er h
owev
er, w
ill br
ing
hom
e to
us
som
e of
the
very
real
thre
ats
and
cons
eque
nces
fo
r ou
r cu
ltura
l her
itage
. Mic
hael
Pea
rson
is a
n hi
stor
ical
ar
chae
olog
ist a
nd h
as w
orke
d fo
r ov
er 3
0 ye
ars
in th
e he
ritag
e fie
ld, w
ith N
SW
Nat
iona
l Par
ks a
nd W
ildlif
e S
ervi
ce,
with
the
Aus
tral
ian
Her
itage
Com
mis
sion
, and
sin
ce 1
993
as d
irect
or o
f the
firm
Her
itage
Man
agem
ent C
onsu
ltant
s P
ty L
td, s
peci
alis
ing
in h
erita
ge re
sear
ch, m
anag
emen
t and
pl
anni
ng. M
icha
el a
tten
ded
a w
orks
hop
on c
limat
e ch
ange
an
d W
orld
Her
itage
org
anis
ed b
y th
e W
orld
Her
itage
Cen
tre
of U
NE
SC
O in
Par
is in
200
6, a
nd h
is ta
lk is
bas
ed o
n a
pape
r pr
epar
ed fo
r th
at w
orks
hop.
Mic
hael
is a
pas
t cha
irman
of
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
, is
Adj
unct
Pro
fess
or o
f Cul
tura
l Her
itage
M
anag
emen
t at t
he U
nive
rsity
of C
anbe
rra,
and
is C
hair
of
the
AC
T H
erita
ge C
ounc
il.
The
Anc
ient
City
of
Bam
,Ira
n,b
efo
rean
daf
ter
the
Ear
thq
uake
of
Dec
emb
er20
03D
r R
aso
ol Vata
nd
ou
st
We
are
told
that
ext
rem
e cl
imat
ic e
vent
s w
ill be
com
e m
ore
frequ
ent a
s cl
imat
e ch
ange
acc
eler
ates
. In
his
pres
enta
tion
Dr
Vata
ndou
st w
ill pr
ovid
e so
me
dram
atic
imag
es o
f the
im
pact
s of
an
extr
eme
natu
ral e
vent
- th
e 20
03 e
arth
quak
e th
at s
ever
ely
dam
aged
the
anci
ent c
ity o
f Bam
. He
will
outli
ne th
e w
ork
in p
rogr
ess
to re
stor
e th
e be
autif
ul, a
ncie
nt,
dese
rt c
ity. D
r Va
tand
oust
has
a B
.Sc.
in C
hem
istr
y, F
acul
ty
of S
cien
ce, U
nive
rsity
of T
ehra
n, 1
970.
Ph.
D. i
n C
onse
rvat
ion
of C
ultu
ral P
rope
rtie
s, In
stitu
te o
f Arc
haeo
logy
, Uni
vers
ity o
f Lo
ndon
, 197
8.H
e w
as th
e Fo
unde
r of
the
Cen
tral
Res
earc
h La
bora
tory
for
Con
serv
atio
n of
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
, Ira
nian
C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge O
rgan
izat
ion,
Teh
ran,
199
0. T
his
rese
arch
ce
ntre
whi
ch w
as la
ter
reor
gani
zed
as R
esea
rch
Cen
tre
for
Con
serv
atio
n of
Cul
tura
l Rel
ics
(RC
CC
R) i
s re
spon
sibl
e fo
r al
l th
e sc
ient
ific
inve
stig
atio
ns o
f his
toric
al re
mai
ns th
roug
hout
th
e co
untr
y as
wel
l as
supe
rvis
ing
a ne
twor
k of
con
serv
atio
n an
d re
stor
atio
n la
bora
torie
s w
ithin
and
out
side
of t
he Ir
ania
n C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge O
rgan
izat
ion.
He
has
wor
ked
in th
e fie
lds
of c
onse
rvat
ion
scie
nce
and
cons
erva
tion
& re
stor
atio
n of
cu
ltura
l her
itage
sin
ce 1
972.
Man
agin
gth
eG
reat
Bar
rier
Ree
f-
the
Clim
ate
Cha
lleng
eM
r A
nd
rew
Skeat
In h
is p
rese
ntat
ion
And
rew
will
outli
ne th
e ch
alle
nges
of
man
agin
g th
e na
tura
l and
cul
tura
l val
ues
one
of A
ustr
alia
’s
best
kno
wn
Wor
ld H
erita
ge A
reas
the
Gre
at B
arrie
r R
eef i
n th
e fa
ce o
f pro
ject
ed c
limat
e ch
ange
. And
rew
Ske
at is
an
Exe
cutiv
e D
irect
or w
ith th
e G
reat
Bar
rier
Ree
f Mar
ine
Par
k A
utho
rity
with
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
incl
udin
g W
ater
Qua
lity
and
Coa
stal
Dev
elop
men
t, To
uris
m, S
cien
ce, a
nd E
duca
tion.
A
ndre
w h
as m
ore
than
25
year
s ex
perie
nce
deve
lopi
ng
cons
erva
tion
polic
y, m
anag
ing
prot
ecte
d ar
eas,
and
as
a bi
olog
ist.
A c
urre
nt k
ey ta
sk is
man
agin
g th
e in
tera
ctio
n be
twee
n th
e A
utho
rity
and
the
tour
ism
indu
stry
. A n
ew
appr
oach
has
bee
n fo
rged
bas
ed o
n pa
rtne
rshi
ps a
nd
coop
erat
ion,
with
reco
gniti
on o
f ind
ustr
y co
ntrib
utio
n to
m
anag
emen
t and
rew
ard
for
high
sta
ndar
d op
erat
ors.
He
is re
spon
sibl
e fo
r a
team
with
in th
e A
utho
rity
whi
ch is
de
velo
ping
a C
limat
e C
hang
e A
ctio
n P
lan
for
the
Gre
at
Bar
rier
Ree
f.
John
Hur
d re
stor
ing
Zoas
tria
n gr
aves
ite v
anda
lised
by
loot
ers
89
Co
nfer
ence
Din
ner
Satu
rday
21
Ju
ly 2
00
7
Tja
pu
kai A
bori
gin
al C
ult
ura
l P
ark
In th
e ha
untin
g La
kesi
de c
erem
ony
gues
ts fo
rm p
art o
f th
e R
ainb
ow S
erpe
nt C
ircle
and
sha
re in
an
Abo
rigin
al
cele
brat
ion
cons
istin
g of
mus
ic, c
hant
ing
and
danc
e th
at
culm
inat
es in
a m
agic
al fi
re-m
akin
g ce
rem
ony.
The
fire
is s
ent
shoo
ting
acro
ss th
e la
ke w
here
it c
onne
cts
with
the
anci
ent
trib
al la
nds
to b
ecom
e a
mag
ical
fire
ball,
illu
min
atin
g th
e la
kesi
de a
nd th
e au
dien
ce. T
he re
st o
f the
Tja
puka
i peo
ple
trav
el a
cros
s th
e la
ke in
a fl
ame
lit c
anoe
, arr
ivin
g to
mee
t the
gu
ests
.Th
en th
e Tj
apuk
ai p
eopl
e gu
ide
the
gues
ts (v
ia a
flam
e lit
pa
th in
the
dark
ness
), to
the
nigh
t’s d
inin
g ve
nue
–the
dan
ce
thea
tre
whe
re d
eleg
ates
enj
oy a
sum
ptuo
us in
tern
atio
nal
buffe
t. A
fter
dinn
er, t
he li
ghts
dim
and
the
wor
ld fa
mou
s Tj
apuk
ai D
ance
rs ta
ke to
the
stag
e, p
rese
ntin
g th
eir
cultu
re
with
thei
r in
imita
ble
blen
d of
thea
tre
and
hum
our.
The
audi
ence
will
find
them
selv
es c
onne
ctin
g w
ith th
e Tj
apuk
ai’s
love
of f
un, a
nd a
ll w
ill re
vel i
n th
e m
omen
t whe
re th
ere
are
no c
ultu
ral b
arrie
rs, o
nly
joy
and
laug
hter
.Yo
u w
ill ha
ve th
e op
port
unity
to m
eet w
ith th
e Tj
apuk
ai
Dan
cers
, hav
e yo
ur p
hoto
s ta
ken
with
them
or
for
the
adve
ntur
ous
even
pra
ctic
e a
few
dan
ce s
teps
, or
lear
n to
pl
ay th
e w
orld
’s o
ldes
t woo
d in
stru
men
t – th
e di
dger
idoo
. A
ltern
ativ
ely
you
can
brow
se th
e Tj
apuk
ai A
rt G
alle
ry o
r si
mpl
y re
lax
and
cont
inue
you
r po
st c
onfe
renc
e di
scus
sion
s ov
er d
rinks
and
/or
dess
ert.
Coa
ches
will
depa
rt p
rom
ptly
at 6
.30p
m fr
om V
alan
ce P
ark
at T
rinity
Bea
ch to
take
del
egat
es to
the
Tjap
ukai
Abo
rigin
al
Cul
tura
l Par
k. R
etur
n tr
ansp
ort w
ill be
pro
vide
d at
the
conc
lusi
on o
f the
din
ner.
Fro
m t
he m
om
ent
gue
sts
arri
ve a
t T
jap
ukai
the
y w
ill f
eel t
he p
ow
erfu
l and
evo
cativ
e A
bo
rig
inal
sp
irit
vib
rate
thr
oug
h th
e at
mo
sphe
re, c
reat
ing
an
inte
nse
and
mys
teri
ous
mo
od
. Up
on
arri
val,
gue
sts
are
off
ered
a w
elco
me
dri
nk, a
s th
ey m
ing
le t
he m
agic
sp
ace
mus
eum
. Her
e th
e Q
uink
an s
pir
its c
om
e to
life
tak
ing
gue
sts
on
a jo
urne
y th
roug
h th
e S
tory
wat
ers
and
into
the
Dre
amtim
e. t
hund
er a
nd li
ght
ning
her
ald
the
arr
ival
of
Gad
ja, a
dre
amtim
e sp
irit
in g
low
ing
, U
V fi
bre
-op
tic c
ost
ume.
A g
oo
d s
pir
it, h
e te
lls o
f th
e p
ast.
Sud
den
ly, h
is o
pp
osi
te a
pp
ears
fro
m n
ow
here
– t
he
Qui
nkan
to
wer
s 6
met
res
abo
ve t
he a
udie
nce,
bid
din
g t
hem
to
ent
er t
he p
ast.
Pho
to k
indl
y pr
ovid
ed b
y Tj
apuk
ai
Po
ster
Exh
ibiti
on
Fri
day
20
Ju
ly 2
00
7
Jam
es
Cook U
niv
ers
ity
Lib
rary
5.0
0p
m (at
the c
on
clu
sion
of
the d
ays
sess
ion
s)
This
eve
nt is
sup
port
ed b
y Q
ueen
slan
d H
erita
ge C
ounc
il,
who
is g
ener
ousl
y pr
ovid
ing
the
refre
shm
ents
. It w
ill fe
atur
e tw
o or
al p
rese
ntat
ions
. The
firs
t by
Dav
id E
ades
, Cha
ir,
Que
ensl
and
Her
itage
Cou
ncil:
‘The
Fut
ure
of H
erita
ge in
Q
ueen
slan
d’ a
nd th
e ‘S
tate
wid
e S
urve
y’.
The
seco
nd b
y P
eter
Hut
chis
on, D
irect
or, C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge,
Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Age
ncy
on ‘Q
ueen
slan
d’s
Her
itage
G
rant
s P
rogr
am’.
A k
ey a
ttra
ctio
n in
the
exhi
bitio
n w
ill be
the
Com
mon
wea
lth
Gov
ernm
ent’s
new
Wor
ld H
erita
ge E
xhib
ition
(Pho
to c
ourt
esy
of D
ept o
f Env
ironm
ent a
nd W
ater
Res
ourc
es).
The
exhi
bitio
n w
ill al
so in
clud
e a
phot
ogra
phic
reco
rd o
f the
Silk
Roa
d on
lo
an fr
om lo
cal c
onsu
ltant
, Gor
don
Grim
wad
e.
For
full
post
er a
bstr
acts
ple
ase
refe
r to
pag
e 42
.
Co
ok
Isla
ndC
om
mun
ityD
anci
ngan
dH
ung
iFri
day
20
Ju
ly 2
00
7
6.3
0p
m
Fre
e E
ven
t
Hu
ngi P
it-G
rass
ed
Are
a b
etw
een
bu
ildin
g A
2 a
nd
A
4,
JC
U.
The
Coo
k Is
land
Hun
gi a
nd T
radi
tiona
l Dan
cing
.is a
free
ev
ent i
nclu
ded
in y
our
regi
stra
tion
fee.
It is
par
tially
fund
ed v
ia
a gr
ant f
rom
Cai
rns
City
JC
U. C
airn
s ha
s a
dyna
mic
Coo
k Is
land
com
mun
ity a
nd th
ey h
ave
a lo
ng a
ssoc
iatio
n w
ith o
ur
cam
pus.
JC
U C
airn
s ca
mpu
s cl
aim
s to
be
the
only
uni
vers
ity
in A
ustr
alia
with
a p
erm
anen
t Hun
gi p
it! T
he c
omm
unity
is
eage
r to
sha
re a
litt
le b
it of
thei
r cu
lture
with
you
thro
ugh
this
H
ungi
and
trad
ition
al d
ance
dis
play
.
As
the
even
ing
begi
ns to
des
cend
and
the
nigh
t cur
lew
s be
gin
thei
r m
ourn
ful b
ut e
voca
tive
crie
s yo
u ar
e in
vite
d to
st
roll
from
the
Libr
ary
acro
ss th
e br
idge
whi
ch s
pans
the
now
dry
cre
ek w
ithin
the
univ
ersi
ty g
roun
ds, i
mag
inin
g it
in w
et s
easo
n as
it ro
ars
into
life
. As
you
cros
s th
e br
idge
the
delic
ious
aro
mas
of f
ood
cook
ing
in a
n ea
rth
oven
will
waf
t acr
oss
on th
e br
eeze
. Sitt
ing
on m
ats
in
the
gath
erin
g tw
ilight
, be
ente
rtai
ned
by th
e C
ook
Isla
nd
child
ren
perfo
rmin
g th
eir
favo
urite
dan
ces
for
you
until
the
anno
unce
men
t tha
t din
ner
is re
ady.
The
food
will
be a
trad
ition
al r
ange
of m
eat,
fish
and
vege
tabl
es w
ith a
n ar
ray
of tr
opic
al fr
uit.
Veg
etar
ians
are
ad
vise
d th
at d
ue to
the
natu
re o
f the
Hun
gi th
ere
are
no
spec
ific
vege
taria
n di
shes
. H
owev
er th
ere
will
be a
n am
ple
arra
y of
sal
ads,
coo
ked
vege
tabl
es s
uch
as s
wee
t pot
atoe
s an
d ta
ro a
nd a
var
iety
of t
ropi
cal f
ruit!
1011
ce
leb
rat
ing
25
ye
ar
s o
f a
ust
ra
lia’
s
Aus
tral
ia’s
Wor
ld H
erita
ge s
ites
are
our
lega
cy t
o th
e gl
obal
com
mun
ity.
Wor
ld H
erita
ge s
ites
are
impo
rtan
t to
all
peop
le a
nd h
ave
a un
iver
sal v
alue
tha
t tr
ansc
ends
natio
nal
boun
darie
s. E
ach
of A
ustr
alia
’s W
orld
Her
itage
pro
pert
ies
is o
utst
andi
ng in
its
own
right
and
col
lect
ivel
y th
ey p
rese
nt a
n am
azin
g di
vers
ity o
f pl
aces
and
val
ues.
In r
ecog
nitio
n of
the
ir im
port
ance
, eve
ry W
orld
Her
itage
pro
pert
y is
incl
uded
on
the
Aus
tral
ian
Gov
ernm
ent’s
Nat
iona
l Her
itage
Lis
t w
hich
pro
tect
s ou
r m
ost
valu
ed n
atur
al,
Indi
geno
us a
nd h
isto
ric h
erita
ge p
lace
s.
ww
w.h
erit
age.
go
v.au
Will
andr
a La
kes
Regi
on, L
ord
How
e Is
land
Gro
up, G
reat
Bar
rier
Reef
(J. O
liver
, GBR
MPA
), U
luru
(Mic
hael
Nel
son)
, Det
ail o
f th
e Ro
yal E
xhib
ition
Bui
ldin
g,
Hea
rd a
nd M
acD
onal
d Is
land
s (E
ric W
oehl
er A
GA
D),
Wet
Tro
pics
of
Que
ensl
and
(Tou
rism
Tro
pica
l Nor
th Q
ld),
Tasm
ania
n W
ilder
ness
(Tas
man
ian
Dep
artm
ent
of T
ouris
m,
Art
s an
d th
e En
viro
nmen
t, J
oe S
hem
esh)
. Im
ages
© D
epar
tmen
t of
the
Env
ironm
ent
and
Wat
er R
esou
rces
unl
ess
othe
rwis
e no
ted.
Gen
eral
Info
rmat
ion
Peop
le w
ith
Sp
ecia
l N
eed
s
Eve
ry e
ffort
is m
ade
to e
nsur
e pe
ople
with
spe
cial
nee
ds
are
cate
red
for.
Sho
uld
you
requ
ire a
ny s
peci
fic a
ssis
tanc
e,
plea
se c
onta
ct u
s at
the
Reg
istr
atio
n D
esk
to e
nabl
e us
to
mak
e yo
ur s
tay
in C
airn
s a
plea
sant
and
com
fort
able
ex
perie
nce.
Dre
ss
The
dres
s co
de fo
r th
e co
nfer
ence
and
rela
ted
even
ts is
sm
art c
asua
l.
Dis
cla
imer
ICO
MO
S 2
007
Con
fere
nce
incl
udin
g th
e C
onfe
renc
e O
rgan
iser
s w
ill no
t acc
ept l
iabi
lity
for
the
dam
ages
of a
ny
natu
re s
usta
ined
by
part
icip
ants
or
thei
r ac
com
pany
ing
pers
ons
for
loss
or
dam
age
to th
eir
pers
onal
pro
pert
y as
a
resu
lt of
ICO
MO
S 2
007
Con
fere
nce
or re
late
d ev
ents
.
Pri
vacy
Sta
tem
en
t
Info
rmat
ion
prov
ided
by
you
will
be u
sed
to a
dmin
iste
r th
e 20
07 c
onfe
renc
e in
clud
ing
acco
mm
odat
ion,
cat
erin
g,
tran
spor
t and
spo
nsor
ship
. Dat
a ob
tain
ed d
urin
g th
e re
gist
ratio
n pr
oces
s w
ill re
mai
n th
e pr
oper
ty o
f Wal
dron
S
mith
Man
agem
ent a
nd A
ustr
alia
ICO
MO
S.
Som
e Th
ings
To
See
& D
o in
Cai
rns
•Ta
ke o
ne o
f the
pre
or
post
-con
fere
nce
AIC
OM
OS
org
anis
ed
tour
s in
and
aro
und
Cai
rns,
Inni
sfai
l and
the
Ath
erto
n Ta
blel
ands
or
furt
her
away
to C
hilla
goe,
Coo
ktow
n or
Liz
ard
Isla
nd.
•D
isco
ver
som
e lo
cal a
nd re
gion
al in
dige
nous
cul
ture
at r
ock
art g
alle
ries
outs
ide
Cai
rns,
and
be
ente
rtai
ned
by th
e po
wer
ful
pres
enta
tions
of l
ocal
Abo
rigin
al tr
oupe
s at
aw
ard
win
ning
at
trac
tions
and
loca
l ven
ues.
•Ta
ke in
som
e liv
e m
usic
, the
atre
, or
an e
xhib
ition
of a
rt a
t the
C
airn
s R
egio
nal A
rt G
alle
ry, C
OC
A (C
entr
e of
Con
tem
pora
ry A
rt),
JUTE
(Jus
t Us
Thea
tre
Ens
embl
e), C
airn
s Li
ttle
The
atre
, the
Tan
ks,
or C
airn
s C
ivic
Cen
tre.
•E
xplo
re th
e ric
hnes
s of
Wor
ld H
erita
ge li
sted
env
ironm
ents
of t
he
rain
fore
sts
and
Gre
at B
arrie
r R
eef b
y se
lf-dr
ivin
g or
taki
ng a
tour
. Th
e R
eef F
leet
Ter
min
al in
the
city
is th
e ju
mp-
off p
oint
for
dive
tr
ips
and
crui
ses
to th
e re
ef.
•V
isit
near
by K
uran
da a
nd fr
om th
ere
self-
driv
e ar
ound
the
Ath
erto
n Ta
blel
ands
for
beau
tiful
sce
nery
, wat
erfa
lls, s
wim
min
g in
cra
ter
lake
s, w
alki
ng th
roug
h ra
info
rest
, or
spot
ting
bird
s an
d ot
her
anim
als
such
as
Lum
holtz
’s T
ree
Kan
garo
o.
•B
irder
s m
ight
wan
t to
do a
long
er ro
und
trip
vis
iting
Mou
nt M
ollo
y,
Mar
eeba
Wet
land
s, E
uban
ange
e S
wam
p, H
astie
s S
wam
p, th
e la
kes,
and
the
Cai
rns
Esp
lana
de
•If
you
are
stay
ing
on a
fter
the
conf
eren
ce th
e Yu
ngab
urra
Mar
kets
on
the
Tabl
elan
ds a
re w
ell w
orth
a v
isit-
they
are
on
the
follo
win
g S
atur
day
(Jul
y 28
th).
Hav
e an
end
less
cup
pa a
nd p
late
of s
cone
s at
the
quirk
y C
WA
Hal
l.
•A
t Trin
ity B
each
, wal
k ar
ound
and
up
the
head
land
on
the
sout
hern
end
of t
he b
each
- yo
u m
ay b
e lu
cky
to s
ee d
olph
ins
swim
min
g of
f the
poi
nt
•In
dulg
e yo
ur tr
opic
al fo
od fe
tishe
s by
wan
derin
g th
roug
h R
usty
’s
Mar
kets
in th
e ci
ty, o
pen
Frid
ay -
Sun
day
afte
rnoo
n.
•S
ooth
e yo
ur s
ense
s an
d yo
ur s
oul a
t one
of t
he re
gion
s’ a
war
d w
inni
ng s
pas
- bo
th in
divi
dual
and
par
tner
trea
tmen
ts a
re o
ffere
d by
all.
•G
o on
a d
inne
r cr
uise
. Sev
eral
com
pani
es o
ffer
a co
mbi
natio
n of
di
ning
opt
ions
with
on-
boar
d en
tert
ainm
ent a
s yo
u he
ad o
ut fr
om
Mar
lin M
arin
a w
ith th
e su
n se
ttin
g be
hind
the
hills
.
•Th
e m
angr
ove
boar
dwal
k ne
ar th
e C
airn
s A
irpor
t and
the
boar
dwal
k in
Cen
tena
ry L
akes
(nea
r th
e B
otan
ical
Gar
dens
in
Edg
e H
ill) p
rovi
de a
fasc
inat
ing
and
rela
retr
eat f
rom
the
mid
day
sun.
•S
trol
l, jo
g, s
kate
, or
bicy
cle
alon
g th
e C
airn
s es
plan
ade
past
the
lago
on
•Te
e of
f at o
ne o
f the
regi
on’s
wor
ld c
lass
gol
f cou
rses
in C
airn
s,
the
Bea
ches
, the
Ath
erto
n Ta
blel
ands
or
Por
t Dou
glas
and
M
ossm
an.
Get
ting
the
mos
t out
of y
our s
tay
in C
airn
s
Cai
rns
is a
bea
utifu
l reg
iona
l city
whi
ch e
njoy
s a
rela
xed
life
styl
e in
a p
ictu
resq
ue n
atur
al s
ettin
g. Y
ou a
re v
isiti
ng d
urin
g th
e dr
y se
ason
but
it is
not
unu
sual
to e
xper
ienc
e th
e oc
casi
onal
ligh
t rai
n sh
ower
.
Rem
embe
r if
you
have
trav
eled
from
the
sout
hern
sta
tes
that
alth
ough
it is
win
ter,
the
tem
pera
ture
her
e is
muc
h w
arm
er a
nd
the
sun
can
still
burn
. S
o re
mem
ber
to s
lip, s
lop
slap
! W
ear
a ha
t and
sun
scre
en w
hen
out a
nd a
bout
. Som
e in
sect
repe
llent
fo
r th
e ea
rly e
veni
ngs
may
als
o be
use
ful.
For
thos
e de
lega
tes
with
the
time
to e
xplo
re th
e re
gion
afte
r th
e co
nfer
ence
rem
embe
r th
at o
ur n
ativ
e fa
una
incl
udes
cr
ocod
iles
amon
gst o
ther
won
derfu
l ani
mal
s. A
s a
gene
ral r
ule
do n
ot s
wim
in e
stua
ries
or r
iver
s an
d he
ed a
ll w
arni
ng s
igns
. Li
kew
ise
if yo
u ar
e ex
plor
ing
our
rain
fore
st b
e re
spec
tful o
f the
ani
mal
s an
d no
te th
at c
asso
war
y’s
shou
ld n
ot b
e ap
proa
ched
.
12
Abs
tract
s
The
Her
itage
of D
eser
t Lan
dsca
pes
Con
ven
or:
Bru
ce P
rid
eau
x
Des
ert l
ands
cape
s in
Aus
tral
ia a
nd th
roug
hout
the
wor
ld c
onta
in a
div
ersi
ty c
ultu
ral p
lace
s an
d va
lues
. Som
e of
thes
e la
ndsc
apes
are
sub
ject
to
the
hars
hest
phy
sica
l str
esse
s of
ext
rem
e he
at a
nd c
old
whi
ch h
ave
seve
re im
plic
atio
ns fo
r the
long
term
con
serv
atio
n of
bui
lt he
ritag
e. A
nd
yet i
n so
me
case
s th
e ex
trem
ely
arid
con
ditio
ns w
ork
to c
onse
rve
cert
ain
type
s of
art
ifact
s fa
r lo
nger
than
mild
er c
limat
es.
In s
ome
inst
ance
s th
e he
ritag
e of
des
ert
land
scap
es is
in f
act
the
stor
y of
clim
ate
chan
ge.
In m
any
area
s of
the
wor
ld h
owev
er,
dese
rt
com
mun
ities
hav
e be
en a
ble
to r
etai
n th
eir
herit
age
free
of t
he o
verw
helm
ing
pres
sure
s of
pop
ulat
ion
expa
nsio
n an
d as
soci
ated
urb
an a
nd
indu
stria
l dev
elop
men
t tha
t thr
eate
ns th
e he
ritag
e of
mild
er c
limat
ic z
ones
.
This
ses
sion
invi
tes
case
stu
dies
of d
eser
t he
ritag
e th
roug
h tim
e fro
m t
he s
tudy
of a
ncie
nt s
ocie
ties,
pla
ces
and
mat
eria
l cul
tura
l thr
ough
to
the
tang
ible
and
inta
ngib
le h
erita
ge o
f liv
ing
com
mun
ities
in d
eser
t la
ndsc
apes
. Wat
ch t
ower
in t
he h
igh
dese
rt o
f the
Him
alay
an p
late
au, a
t B
asgo
in L
adak
h.
Beyo
nd
th
e P
ale
: th
e P
ligh
t of
Rem
ote
Are
a H
eri
tage
Jane
Len
non
Abs
trac
t
With
the
chan
ging
org
anis
atio
n of
rang
elan
d pa
stor
alis
m in
out
back
Que
ensl
and,
ther
e is
an
incr
ease
d re
dund
ancy
of p
asto
ral i
nfra
stru
ctur
e,
aban
donm
ent
and
dem
oliti
on.
No
syst
emat
ic s
urve
ys h
ave
been
und
erta
ken.
The
re is
a f
ailu
re o
f na
tiona
l lea
ders
hip
to s
ecur
e fu
nds
for
iden
tifica
tion,
rec
ordi
ng a
nd d
eter
min
ing
if th
ere
are
poss
ible
use
s fo
r cu
ltura
lly s
igni
fican
t pl
aces
, and
par
tner
s to
ass
ist
in t
he p
rote
ctio
n of
th
is p
asto
ral h
erita
ge.
This
pap
er w
ill pr
esen
t sev
eral
cas
e st
udie
s an
d of
fer
som
e so
lutio
ns.
Bio
grap
hy
Jane
Len
non
is a
Bris
bane
bas
ed h
erita
ge c
onsu
ltant
, ad
junc
t pr
ofes
sor
in t
he C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge C
entr
e fo
r A
sia
and
the
Pac
ific
at D
eaki
n U
nive
rsity
, an
d m
embe
r of
the
Aus
tral
ian
Her
itage
Cou
ncil.
She
is a
fou
ndin
g m
embe
r an
d pa
st p
resi
dent
of
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
. S
he h
as
writ
ten
man
y re
port
s on
her
itage
pla
ces
in fo
rest
s, ru
ral l
ands
cape
s, m
inin
g ar
eas
and
outb
ack
Que
ensl
and
and
the
herit
age
com
men
tary
for
the
2006
Sta
te o
f Env
ironm
ent r
epor
t. H
er P
hD d
iscu
ssed
the
evol
utio
n of
cul
tura
l lan
dsca
pes
in A
ustr
alia
.
Heri
tage a
s a M
oti
vati
on
for
Fou
r W
heel D
rive
Tou
rism
in
Dese
rt A
ust
ralia
Bru
ce P
ridea
ux, D
ean
Car
son,
Ali
Cog
hlan
, And
rew
Tay
lor
Abs
trac
t
Four
whe
el d
rive
(4W
D) v
isito
rs t
o de
sert
Aus
tral
ia h
ave
the
oppo
rtun
ity t
o vi
sit
a w
ide
rang
e of
des
ert
herit
age
attr
actio
ns a
nd la
ndsc
apes
, of
ten
in re
mot
e ar
eas.
It is
pos
sibl
e th
at p
rodu
ct o
fferin
gs b
ased
on
herit
age
tour
ism
cou
ld h
elp
deliv
er e
cono
mic
ben
efits
to d
eser
t set
tlem
ents
. M
anag
ing
herit
age
asse
ts in
ligh
t of i
ncre
asin
g de
man
d fo
r 4W
D e
xper
ienc
es a
lso
pres
ents
a c
halle
nge.
Thi
s pa
per r
epor
ts o
n a
2006
sur
vey
of 4
WD
clu
b m
embe
rs in
Aus
tral
ia w
hich
iden
tified
the
mot
ivat
ions
for
dese
rt t
rave
l and
the
act
iviti
es u
nder
take
n in
the
des
ert.
The
findi
ngs
indi
cate
d th
at n
atio
nal p
arks
, he
ritag
e si
tes
and
dese
rt la
ndsc
apes
wer
e si
gnifi
cant
att
ract
ors
for
peop
le v
isiti
ng d
eser
t re
gion
s. A
pro
file
of
resp
onde
nts
indi
cate
d th
at th
ey w
ere
likel
y to
be
aged
ove
r 50
yea
rs, t
rave
ling
as c
oupl
es, w
ere
inte
rest
ed in
vis
iting
rem
ote
area
s th
at w
ere
inac
cess
ible
to v
isito
rs w
ho d
id n
ot h
ave
acce
ss to
a 4
whe
el d
rive
vehi
cle
and
had
been
on
a de
sert
trip
in th
e pr
eced
ing
two
year
s. V
isito
rs
prim
arily
eng
aged
in n
on-c
omm
erci
al h
erita
ge t
ouris
m a
ctiv
ities
. Th
e pa
per
disc
usse
s th
e im
plic
atio
ns o
f th
ese
trav
el p
atte
rns
for
herit
age
asse
t man
agem
ent.
Bio
grap
hy
Bru
ce P
ridea
ux is
the
Cha
ir of
Mar
ketin
g an
d To
uris
m M
anag
emen
t at
the
Cai
rns
cam
pus
of J
ames
Coo
k U
nive
rsity
. B
ruce
has
ove
r 16
0 pu
blic
atio
ns in
clud
ing
seve
ral r
ecen
tly r
elea
sed
book
titl
es:
Man
agin
g To
uris
m a
nd H
ospi
talit
y S
ervi
ces:
The
ory
and
Inte
rnat
iona
l Pra
ctic
e an
d C
risis
Man
agem
ent
in T
ouris
m. H
e is
cur
rent
ly w
orki
ng o
n a
co e
dite
d bo
ok o
n C
ultu
re a
nd H
erita
ge in
the
Asi
a P
acifi
c an
d an
othe
r on
riv
er to
uris
m a
nd is
cur
rent
ly w
ritin
g a
book
on
dest
inat
ion
deve
lopm
ent.
He
serv
es o
n th
e ed
itoria
l boa
rds
of e
ight
aca
dem
ic jo
urna
ls a
nd is
in
volv
ed in
rese
arch
as
part
of t
he S
usta
inab
le T
ouris
m C
oope
rativ
e R
esea
rch
Cen
tre
and
Des
ert K
now
ledg
e C
oope
rativ
e R
esea
rch
Cen
tre.
M
ore
rece
ntly
he
has
initi
ated
tw
o m
ajor
long
ter
m s
tudi
es o
f m
arin
e an
d ra
info
rest
tou
rism
in N
orth
Que
ensl
and
fund
ed b
y th
e A
ustr
alia
n Fe
dera
l Gov
ernm
ent’s
Mar
ine
and
Trop
ical
Sci
ence
s R
esea
rch
Fund
. His
rese
arch
uni
t cur
rent
ly h
as 4
full
time
rese
arch
ers.
Abs
tract
s
Th
e P
ow
er
of
Com
mu
nit
y: A
Case
of
Tem
ple
Rest
ora
tion
in
Basg
o,
Lad
akh
in
th
e H
imala
yan
Dese
rt
Sen
thilp
avai
Kas
iann
an
Abs
trac
t
This
pap
er t
alks
abo
ut t
he s
tren
gth
of c
omm
unity
inv
olve
men
t in
the
Res
tora
tion
of a
Bud
dhis
t te
mpl
e in
the
des
ert
land
scap
e of
the
H
imal
ayas
.
Bas
go,
a sm
all v
illage
situ
ated
40k
ms
from
Leh
in t
he L
adak
h re
gion
of
the
Him
alay
as is
hom
e to
thr
ee m
agni
ficen
t te
mpl
es d
edic
ated
to
Mai
trey
a B
uddh
a. T
hey
are
incr
edib
le e
xam
ples
of e
arth
en c
onst
ruct
ion
in t
he e
xtre
me
dese
rt la
ndsc
ape
of t
he H
imal
ayas
. The
tem
ples
are
a
dom
inan
t pre
senc
e in
the
land
scap
e an
d th
e lo
cal c
omm
unity
hol
ds g
reat
reve
renc
e. T
hey
have
str
ong
tang
ible
con
nect
ions
and
inta
ngib
le
valu
es e
xpre
ssed
thro
ugh
thei
r as
soci
ated
cul
tura
l pra
ctic
es.
The
rest
orat
ion
proj
ect f
unde
d by
Wor
ld M
onum
ents
Wat
ch a
nd U
NE
SC
O w
ould
not
hav
e be
en p
ossi
ble
if it
was
not
for t
he a
ctiv
e in
volv
emen
t of
the
villa
gers
. Th
eir
cont
ribut
ions
of
dedi
cate
d tim
e, e
ffort
, co
ntrib
utio
ns a
nd f
aith
hav
e he
lped
in m
akin
g th
is a
rem
arka
bly
succ
essf
ul
proj
ect.
Con
ditio
ns in
the
Him
alay
an d
eser
t fur
ther
com
plic
ate
the
effe
ctiv
e m
anag
emen
t of t
he te
mpl
es. D
ue to
the
invo
lvem
ent o
f the
loca
l villa
gers
it
was
pos
sibl
e to
mai
ntai
n an
d sa
fegu
ard
the
mon
umen
t dur
ing
hars
h w
inte
rs in
a re
mot
e an
d an
ext
rem
e la
ndsc
ape.
This
com
mun
ity s
ets
a w
onde
rful e
xam
ple
to th
e re
st o
f the
wor
ld fo
r its
com
mitm
ent t
o its
her
itage
and
this
em
pow
ers
Her
itage
pro
fess
iona
ls
in th
eir
effo
rts
to s
afeg
uard
the
wor
ld’s
her
itage
.
Bio
grap
hy
Sen
thilp
avai
Kas
iann
an t
rain
ed a
s an
arc
hite
ct w
ith s
peci
alis
atio
n in
Arc
hite
ctur
al C
onse
rvat
ion.
She
wor
ked
as a
Her
itage
Con
sulta
nt o
n a
num
ber
of p
roje
cts
rela
ted
to H
erita
ge M
anag
emen
t in
clud
ing
Cul
tura
l Res
ourc
e in
vent
oryi
ng,
Map
ping
of
Her
itage
res
ourc
es,
Dat
abas
e fo
r H
erita
ge in
vent
orie
s, R
esto
ratio
n pl
ans,
Con
serv
atio
n M
anag
emen
t pl
ans,
Wor
ld H
erita
ge S
ite A
sses
smen
t re
port
and
was
invo
lved
in
rest
orat
ion
and
reno
vatio
n of
som
e ke
y he
ritag
e bu
ildin
gs in
diff
eren
t pa
rts
of I
ndia
and
Aus
tral
ia.
She
is c
urre
ntly
pur
suin
g he
r do
ctor
al
rese
arch
in U
nive
rsity
of
Syd
ney.
Her
res
earc
h ai
ms
to r
e-in
terp
ret
the
Gre
ater
Ang
kor
Cul
tura
l lan
dsca
pe u
sing
Geo
grap
hica
l Inf
orm
atio
n S
yste
ms.
She
aim
s to
est
ablis
h th
e si
gnifi
canc
e of
Ang
kor
thro
ugh
the
pers
pect
ive
of it
s lo
cal c
omm
unity
.
Th
e In
terp
reta
tion
of S
urf
ace S
ton
e A
rtefa
ct
Ass
em
bla
ge C
om
posi
tion
fro
m E
rod
ed
Con
text
s in
Ari
d W
est
ern
N
ew
Sou
th W
ale
s, A
ust
ralia
Just
in S
hine
r
Abs
trac
t
The
sem
i arid
rang
elan
ds a
nd p
lain
s of
wes
tern
NS
W c
onta
in a
rich
mat
eria
l rec
ord
of h
unte
r-ga
ther
occ
upat
ion.
Thi
s re
cord
con
sist
s pr
imar
ily
of fl
aked
sto
ne a
rtef
acts
and
hea
t re
tain
er h
eart
hs a
nd is
wid
ely
dist
ribut
ed a
cros
s th
e la
ndsc
ape.
Man
y of
the
land
sur
face
s on
whi
ch t
his
reco
rd o
ccur
s ha
ve u
nder
gone
sig
nific
ant g
eom
orph
ic c
hang
e, e
spec
ially
dur
ing
the
last
150
yea
rs o
f pas
tora
l lan
d us
e. In
man
y pl
aces
this
ha
s re
sulte
d in
the
loss
of v
ertic
al s
trat
igra
phic
inte
grity
, lea
ding
to th
e de
flatio
n of
the
ston
e ar
tefa
cts
onto
a s
ingl
e su
rface
.
This
rec
ord
pose
s a
num
ber
of is
sues
for
arch
aeol
ogis
ts in
tere
sted
in u
nder
stan
ding
pas
t pa
tter
ns o
f hum
an b
ehav
iour
. The
se d
istr
ibut
ions
re
pres
ent
the
accu
mul
atio
n of
mat
eria
l fro
m e
piso
dic
beha
viou
ral e
vent
s w
ithou
t cl
ear
tem
pora
l con
text
s or
rel
atio
nshi
ps b
etw
een
arte
fact
s an
d lo
catio
ns. T
he s
um t
otal
of a
n as
sem
blag
e ca
n re
pres
ent
a pa
limps
est
of m
ater
ial a
ccum
ulat
ed o
ver
seve
ral t
hous
and
year
s. F
rom
thi
s pe
rspe
ctiv
e th
e re
cord
doe
s no
t refl
ect a
mod
e of
beh
avio
ur c
ompa
tible
with
eth
nogr
aphi
c in
terp
reta
tive
fram
ewor
ks.
Dat
a on
the
com
posi
tion
of s
tone
art
efac
t as
sem
blag
es f
rom
Pin
e P
oint
– L
angw
ell
Sta
tions
nea
r B
roke
n H
ill illu
stra
te t
he p
oten
tial
for
unde
rsta
ndin
g lo
ng-t
erm
acc
umul
ated
pat
tern
in th
ese
impo
rtan
t fea
ture
s of
the
cultu
ral h
erita
ge la
ndsc
ape.
Bio
grap
hy
Just
in S
hine
r is
the
Spe
cial
ist A
rcha
eolo
gist
with
Rio
Tin
to A
lum
iniu
m, W
eipa
, whe
re h
e ha
s be
en c
oord
inat
ing
cultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t si
nce
2003
. H
is r
esea
rch
inte
rest
s in
clud
e st
one
arte
fact
ana
lysi
s, t
he a
rcha
eolo
gy o
f ar
id r
egio
ns,
GIS
app
licat
ions
, an
d cu
ltura
l her
itage
m
anag
emen
t. H
e co
mpl
eted
his
PhD
at
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f A
uckl
and
inve
stig
atin
g th
e co
mpo
sitio
n, c
hron
olog
y an
d di
strib
utio
n of
defl
ated
su
rface
arc
haeo
logi
cal d
istr
ibut
ions
in w
este
rn N
ew S
outh
Wal
es. H
e ha
s pu
blis
hed
artic
les
on th
e ar
chae
olog
y of
wes
tern
New
Sou
th W
ales
an
d al
pine
Vic
toria
.
1415
Abs
tract
s
Th
e d
ese
rt c
ity
of
Bam
an
d its
Cu
ltu
ral Lan
dsc
ap
e a
fter
the e
art
hq
uake o
f D
ecem
ber
20
03
: A
Ris
k P
rep
are
dn
ess
case
Abd
olra
sool
Vat
ando
ust,
Esk
anda
r M
okht
ari
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
od
uctio
n
The
eart
hqua
ke o
f Dec
embe
r 20
03 in
the
his
toric
des
ert
city
of B
am r
esul
ted
in lo
ss o
f man
y liv
es a
nd d
estr
uctio
n of
an
over
whe
lmin
g pa
rt
of it
s cu
ltura
l her
itage
. Thi
s pa
per
aim
s to
pre
sent
the
wea
lth o
f des
ert
land
scap
e of
Bam
, its
tan
gibl
e an
d in
tang
ible
her
itage
, the
effe
cts
of
clim
atic
con
ditio
ns a
nd n
atur
als
disa
ster
s on
ear
then
str
uctu
res
and
prep
arat
ion
for
the
next
qua
ke in
ord
er t
o fo
rmul
ate
a m
odel
for
othe
r si
mila
r ca
ses.
Dis
cuss
ion
His
toric
al b
ackg
roun
d of
ear
then
her
itage
in Ir
an.
Iran
and
its d
eser
ts.
Bam
and
its
Cul
tura
l Lan
dsca
pe.
Oth
er a
ncie
nt e
arth
en t
owns
and
m
onum
ents
in C
entr
al d
eser
t of
Iran
. The
effe
cts
of n
atur
al d
isas
ters
(par
ticul
arly
ear
thqu
akes
) and
des
ert
clim
ate
on a
ncie
nt e
arth
en c
ities
. P
robl
ems
of r
esto
ratio
n an
d re
cons
truc
tion
in a
n ea
rthq
uake
pro
ne z
one
and
dese
rt e
nviro
nmen
t. Tr
aditi
onal
met
hods
of
cons
truc
tion
and
new
sci
entifi
c ap
proa
ches
in c
onse
rvat
ion.
Act
iviti
es a
fter
the
eart
hqua
ke o
f Bam
. Ris
k pr
epar
edne
ss in
Bam
.
Co
nclu
sio
n
This
pap
er w
ill in
trod
uce
the
char
acte
ristic
s an
d va
lues
of d
eser
t life
and
her
itage
in Ir
an. I
t will
also
con
trib
ute
to th
e m
anag
emen
t of e
arth
en
herit
age
in h
arsh
env
ironm
ent.
Bio
gra
phy
Dr.
Abd
olra
sool
Vat
ando
ust i
s D
irect
or, R
esea
rch
Cen
ter
for
Con
serv
atio
n of
Cul
tura
l Rel
ics
(RC
CC
R)
He
was
bor
n in
194
7 in
Ira
n an
d ha
s B
.Sc.
in C
hem
istr
y, F
acul
ty o
f S
cien
ce,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Te
hran
and
Ph.
D.
in C
onse
rvat
ion
of C
ultu
ral
Pro
pert
ies,
Inst
itute
of A
rcha
eolo
gy, U
nive
rsity
of L
ondo
n, 1
978.
He
is a
co-
foun
der
of t
he M
.A c
ours
e in
con
serv
atio
n of
his
toric
al m
onum
ents
and
obj
ects
in F
arab
i Uni
vers
ity, I
sfah
an, 1
978
and
late
r B
.A
and
MA
cou
rses
in c
onse
rvat
ion
and
rest
orat
ion
of c
ultu
ral p
rope
rtie
s in
oth
er u
nive
rsiti
es in
Iran
.
He
is f
ound
er o
f th
e C
entr
al R
esea
rch
Labo
rato
ry f
or C
onse
rvat
ion
of C
ultu
ral
Her
itage
, Ira
nian
Cul
tura
l H
erita
ge O
rgan
izat
ion,
Teh
ran,
19
90.
This
res
earc
h ce
nter
whi
ch w
as la
ter
reor
gani
zed
as R
esea
rch
Cen
tre
for
Con
serv
atio
n of
Cul
tura
l Rel
ics
(RC
CC
R) i
s re
spon
sibl
e fo
r al
l the
sci
entifi
c in
vest
igat
ions
of h
isto
rical
rem
ains
thr
ough
out
the
coun
try
as w
ell a
s su
perv
isin
g a
netw
ork
of c
onse
rvat
ion
and
rest
orat
ion
labo
rato
ries
with
in a
nd o
utsi
de o
f the
Iran
ian
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
Org
aniz
atio
n.
He
has
been
a U
nive
rsity
pro
fess
or a
t va
rious
uni
vers
ities
in Ir
an s
ince
197
5 an
d is
a m
embe
r of
ICC
RO
M’
Cou
ncil,
200
1-20
03 a
nd 2
005,
In
tern
atio
nal C
oord
inat
ion
Com
mitt
ee fo
r Saf
egua
rdin
g of
Afg
hani
stan
’s C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge, s
ince
Mar
ch 2
003
and
the
Inte
rnat
iona
l Coo
rdin
atio
n C
omm
ittee
for
Saf
egua
rdin
g of
Iraq
’s C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge, s
ince
200
4.
Abs
tract
s
Her
itage
Dis
aste
rs a
nd R
isk
Pre
pare
dnes
s (P
art 1
)C
on
ven
ors
: R
ob
yn R
idd
ett
an
d D
irk H
R S
pen
nem
an
Glo
bal
clim
ate
chan
ge i
s m
akin
g th
e ef
fect
s of
nat
ural
dis
aste
rs m
ore
eXtr
eme
arou
nd t
he w
orld
and
her
itage
is
beco
min
g on
e of
the
en
dang
ered
spe
cies
. D
isas
ters
see
m to
be
mor
e fre
quen
t and
are
mor
e se
vere
and
pro
long
ed.
Initi
al re
spon
ses
to c
atas
trop
hic
even
ts fo
cus
on a
tten
ding
to th
e liv
ing
and
the
dead
, foo
d an
d sh
elte
r, in
frast
ruct
ure
reco
very
. In
this
resp
onse
cul
tura
l her
itage
is a
low
prio
rity
– in
term
s of
resp
onse
and
reco
very
– y
et c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge is
a s
igni
fican
t ele
men
t in
the
reco
very
of c
omm
uniti
es.
If cu
lture
and
her
itage
is lo
st th
ere
is
less
ince
ntiv
e to
rebu
ild a
s a
com
mun
ity g
roup
. B
ette
r int
egra
tion
of d
isas
ter r
espo
nse
prot
ocol
s be
twee
n em
erge
ncy
serv
ices
, rel
ief a
genc
ies
and
the
cultu
ral h
erita
ge s
ecto
r ca
n en
sure
that
as
com
mun
ities
reco
ver
thei
r he
ritag
e w
ill re
cove
r as
wel
l.
How
pre
pare
d ar
e w
e?
How
the
n do
gov
ernm
ents
and
age
ncie
s in
tegr
ate
the
cons
erva
tion
of h
erita
ge v
alue
s in
to e
mer
genc
y re
spon
se?
How
can
the
herit
age
prof
essi
on w
ork
effe
ctiv
ely
and
safe
ly in
dis
aste
r res
pons
e an
d re
cove
ry?
How
can
we
chan
ge a
ttitu
des
so th
at c
ultu
ral
herit
age
disa
ster
resp
onse
is c
onsi
dere
d al
ongs
ide
the
hum
an a
spec
ts o
f dis
aste
rs?
Wha
t are
the
long
-ter
m c
onse
quen
ces
for r
ecov
ery
and
wha
t is
the
cost
?
Rest
ori
ng C
ult
ura
l H
eri
tage in
Sou
th a
nd
Sou
theast
Asi
a in
th
e A
fterm
ath
of
a N
atu
ral D
isast
er:
In
tegra
tin
g
Sys
tem
s T
heory
an
d I
nd
igen
ou
s P
hilo
sop
hic
al an
d C
ult
ura
l Tr
ad
itio
ns
to S
up
port
Su
stain
ab
le C
on
serv
ati
on
A
pp
roach
es
Jam
ie M
acK
ee
Ab
stra
ct
Indo
nesi
a, K
ashm
ir, P
akis
tan,
Sri
Lank
a an
d Th
aila
nd h
ave
rece
ntly
exp
erie
nced
the
impa
cts
of t
he w
orst
nat
ural
dis
aste
rs o
f th
e la
st 1
00
year
s. T
hese
hav
e im
pact
ed n
ot o
nly
on t
he n
atur
al a
nd b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent,
but
have
had
ser
ious
impl
icat
ions
for
the
cultu
ral h
erita
ge o
f the
re
gion
dam
agin
g m
onum
ents
and
affe
ctin
g tr
aditi
onal
way
s of
life
.
This
pap
er p
ropo
ses
that
any
app
roac
h to
the
con
serv
atio
n in
sou
th a
nd S
outh
east
Asi
a to
dea
l with
the
afte
rmat
h of
nat
ural
dis
aste
rs
mus
t be
base
d on
the
cultu
ral a
nd p
hilo
soph
ical
trad
ition
s th
at h
ave
unde
rpin
ned
the
form
atio
n of
the
cultu
ral h
erita
ge. R
evie
win
g lit
erat
ure,
sy
nerg
ies
betw
een
syst
ems
theo
ry, b
ased
on
holis
m, a
nd th
e ph
iloso
phic
al tr
aditi
ons
of th
e re
gion
, par
ticul
arly
Bud
dhis
m a
re e
stab
lishe
d.
Focu
sing
on
a ca
se s
tudy
of
dam
aged
non
-sec
ular
bui
lt he
ritag
e in
Sri
Lank
a it
is a
rgue
d th
at s
yste
ms
theo
ry p
rovi
des
the
foun
datio
n fo
r an
alte
rnat
ive
para
digm
sup
port
ing
an o
rigin
al a
ppro
ach
to a
ppro
pria
te r
esto
ratio
n of
the
cul
tura
l bui
lt he
ritag
e in
the
afte
rmat
h of
a n
atur
al
disa
ster
. Out
com
es p
rese
nted
in t
his
pape
r in
dica
te s
uch
an a
ppro
ach
high
light
s th
e un
ique
ness
of c
ultu
ral t
radi
tions
, not
ions
of s
pirit
ualit
y,
plac
e-m
akin
g an
d sp
atia
l rel
atio
nshi
ps p
artic
ular
ly o
f non
-sec
ular
mon
umen
ts.
Sou
nd p
reco
nditi
ons
for
deal
ing
with
her
itage
dis
aste
rs a
nd
risk
prep
ared
ness
.
Bio
gra
phy
Jam
ie M
acK
ee is
a L
ectu
rer
at t
he U
nive
rsity
of
New
cast
le,
his
mai
n ar
eas
of r
esea
rch
are
Arc
hite
ctur
al C
onse
rvat
ion
of t
he C
ultu
ral B
uilt
Her
itage
of
Asi
a, E
nviro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t sy
stem
s an
d co
nstr
uctio
n m
anag
emen
t ed
ucat
ion.
Cur
rent
ly h
e is
com
plet
ing
his
doct
oral
re
sear
ch o
n ap
proa
ches
to c
onse
rvat
ion
in S
outh
and
Sou
thea
st A
sia
base
d on
the
cultu
ral a
nd p
hilo
soph
ical
exp
erie
nces
of t
he re
gion
. He
has
publ
ishe
d nu
mer
ous
refe
reed
Jou
rnal
and
Con
fere
nce
pape
rs r
elat
ing
to t
hese
are
as, p
artic
ular
ly c
onse
rvat
ion
in A
sia.
Jam
ie h
as b
een
invo
lved
in T
suna
mi r
elie
f in
Sri
Lank
a de
sign
ing
and
tend
erin
g a
num
ber
of b
uild
ings
.
Tow
ard
s a S
ust
ain
ab
le F
utu
re o
f N
atu
ral D
isast
ers
an
d H
eri
tage M
an
agem
en
t in
Au
stra
lia: A
ttit
ud
es,
Iss
ues
an
d C
halle
nges
Dirk
HR
Spe
nnem
an
Ab
stra
ct
Aus
tral
ia is
a d
isas
ter p
rone
con
tinen
t: bu
sh fi
res,
hai
l sto
rms,
cyc
lone
s, fl
oods
, lan
d sl
ides
and
ear
thqu
akes
are
con
tinua
l haz
ards
whi
ch o
ccur
w
ith d
iffer
ent p
roba
bilit
ies.
Nat
ionw
ide,
ther
e se
ems
to b
e a
dich
otom
y be
twee
n th
e ris
k m
anag
emen
t pro
cess
es in
pla
ce fo
r priv
ate
prop
erty
an
d th
ose
for
herit
age-
liste
d si
tes.
Thi
s pa
per
will
look
at t
he s
tate
of a
ffairs
, sum
mar
isin
g re
cent
rese
arch
into
the
natu
re a
nd fu
nctio
nalit
y of
pl
anni
ng p
roce
sses
and
the
unde
rlyin
g at
titud
es o
f the
key
age
ncie
s (d
isas
ter
man
agem
ent a
genc
ies,
her
itage
age
ncie
s). W
hat i
s th
e st
atus
qu
o, w
here
are
we
goin
g, a
nd w
hat a
re th
e ch
alle
nges
we
face
in e
nsur
ing
that
out
pas
t has
a fu
ture
?
Bio
gra
phy
Ass
ocia
te P
rofe
ssor
Dirk
HR
Spe
nnem
ann
(MA
Fra
nkfu
rt,
PhD
Aus
tral
ian
Nat
iona
l U
nive
rsity
) te
ache
s C
ultu
ral
Her
itage
Man
agem
ent
at
Cha
rles
Stu
rt U
nive
rsity
, Alb
ury,
Aus
tral
ia. H
is c
urre
nt m
ain
rese
arch
inte
rest
rest
s in
the
area
of h
erita
ge fu
ture
s, e
xam
inin
g is
sues
suc
h as
the
conc
eptu
al u
nder
stan
ding
of e
mer
gent
her
itage
(s) a
nd t
he r
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
cultu
ral h
erita
ge v
alue
s an
d th
e in
fluen
ces
of m
anag
emen
t pr
oces
ses
as th
ey p
lay
out b
etw
een
herit
age
prof
essi
onal
s an
d th
e ge
nera
l pub
lic.
1617
Abs
tract
s
Ju
st L
arr
ied
: R
ecove
rin
g W
et
Trop
ical H
eri
tage in
th
e W
ake o
f a C
yclo
ne
Bru
ce W
hite
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
od
uctio
n
This
is a
pap
er a
bout
her
itage
reco
very
effo
rts
in th
e w
ake
of a
cyc
lone
. The
set
ting
is W
orld
Her
itage
list
ed w
et tr
opic
al fo
rest
s. T
he c
yclo
ne
is e
x-tr
opic
al c
yclo
ne L
arry
.
Dis
cuss
ion
Ex-
Cyc
lone
Lar
ry d
evas
tate
d th
e co
re o
f wor
ld h
erita
ge li
sted
wet
trop
ical
fore
sts
with
unc
alcu
late
d an
d en
durin
g im
pact
upo
n bi
olog
ical
and
cu
ltura
l her
itage
in th
ese
fore
sts
Fro
mth
isex
per
ienc
ew
ele
arn:
i. im
med
iate
reco
very
effo
rts
in W
orld
Her
itage
Are
as a
re e
xem
pted
from
all
herit
age
prot
ectio
n st
atut
es a
nd re
gula
tions
to e
nabl
e lif
e, h
ealth
, es
sent
ial s
ervi
ces,
and
pro
pert
y to
be
rest
ored
to th
e re
gion
, unh
inde
red
ii. la
ter
reco
very
effo
rts
are
not
exem
pt, b
ut t
here
is n
o im
pera
tive
to r
esto
re w
orld
her
itage
exc
ept
whe
re it
is h
erita
ge u
pon
whi
ch in
dust
ry,
orga
nisa
tions
, and
loca
l eco
nom
ies
imm
edia
tely
and
hea
vily
dep
end.
iii. fi
nal r
ecov
ery
effo
rts
see
emer
genc
y as
sist
ance
with
draw
n an
d m
ost
wor
ld h
erita
ge w
ritte
n of
f as
a c
ausa
lity
of t
he c
yclo
ne (w
ith s
ome
hope
s of
sel
f-re
cove
ry!)
Co
nclu
sio
n
Onl
y th
e pe
ople
who
‘ow
n’ h
erita
ge c
an b
e re
lied
upon
to
mak
e ef
fort
s to
res
tore
or
reco
ver
that
her
itage
. W
here
the
her
itage
is A
borig
inal
he
ritag
e, a
s in
this
cas
e, A
borig
inal
peo
ples
are
mak
ing
that
effo
rt. W
here
the
herit
age
is a
lso
wor
ld h
erita
ge –
who
els
e??
Bio
gra
phy
Bru
ce W
hite
firs
t obt
aine
d hi
s ho
nour
s de
gree
in a
nthr
opol
ogy
in 1
989,
and
sin
ce th
en w
orke
d w
ith th
e A
borig
inal
peo
ples
in a
nd a
roun
d no
rth-
east
Aus
tral
ia’s
wet
tro
pica
l for
ests
as
a st
aff a
nthr
opol
ogis
t w
ithin
Abo
rigin
al le
gal s
ervi
ces,
Abo
rigin
al r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent
orga
nisa
tions
, A
borig
inal
nat
ive
title
rep
rese
ntat
ive
bodi
es a
nd,
mos
t re
cent
ly, a
s R
esea
rch
Offi
cer
for
the
Mar
ine
and
Trop
ical
Res
earc
h Fa
cilit
y fu
nded
In
dige
nous
Lan
dsca
pes
of W
et T
ropi
cs W
orld
Her
itage
Are
a P
roje
ct.
Up
in
Sm
oke:
Wild
fire
s an
d H
eri
tage F
en
ces
John
Pic
kard
Abs
trac
t
Fenc
es a
re u
biqu
itous
in m
ost w
este
rn s
ocie
ties
and
have
a h
isto
ry s
pann
ing
seve
ral m
illenn
ia. M
any
are
impo
rtan
t his
toric
her
itage
, rec
ordi
ng
chan
ges
in te
chno
logy
and
att
empt
s to
set
tle a
nd m
anag
e la
nd.
Vario
us fo
rms
of lo
g, b
rush
and
pos
t-an
d-ra
il fe
nces
occ
ur w
idel
y in
sou
th-e
aste
rn A
ustr
alia
. A
lthou
gh c
omm
on in
the
19t
h an
d ea
rly 2
0th
cent
urie
s, m
ost
have
bee
n re
plac
ed b
y po
st-a
nd-w
ire o
n fa
rmla
nds.
How
ever
, tho
se t
hat
have
sur
vive
d, u
sual
ly in
fore
sts,
are
now
rar
e, a
re
high
ly s
igni
fican
t his
toric
her
itage
, and
are
at s
ever
e ris
k fro
m re
curr
ent w
ildfir
es. T
hree
exa
mpl
es il
lust
rate
the
prob
lem
s: c
hock
-and
-log
fenc
e (w
este
rn N
SW
), co
ckat
oo fe
nce
(sou
th-e
aste
rn N
SW
), an
d lo
g fe
nces
(cen
tral
hig
hlan
ds o
f Tas
man
ia).
They
are
all
likel
y to
be
mor
e th
an 1
00
year
s ol
d an
d ar
e cu
rren
tly a
mon
g th
e on
ly k
now
n ex
ampl
es to
sur
vive
.
Ther
e is
no
real
istic
way
to p
rote
ct th
e fe
nces
from
eith
er w
ildfir
e or
haz
ard-
redu
ctio
n bu
rnin
g. A
gein
g an
d ro
t pre
disp
ose
the
logs
to ig
nitio
n by
sm
ould
erin
g em
bers
, an
d no
rmal
fire
con
tain
men
t pr
oced
ures
mak
e lit
tle a
llow
ance
for
hist
oric
her
itage
. Th
e on
ly a
ppro
ach
is t
o re
cord
th
e fe
nces
bef
ore
they
go
up in
sm
oke.
As
fenc
es a
re d
istr
ibut
ed w
orld
-wid
e, th
e pr
oble
m is
not
rest
ricte
d to
Aus
tral
ia, a
nd p
roba
bly
has
not
been
reco
gnis
ed in
oth
er c
ount
ries.
Bio
gra
phy
John
Pic
kard
beg
an s
tudy
ing
rura
l fen
ces
over
10
year
s ag
o, a
s pa
rt o
f res
earc
h in
to E
urop
ean
man
agem
ent o
f Aus
tral
ian
sem
i-arid
rang
elan
ds.
He
has
stud
ied
fenc
es a
cros
s A
ustr
alia
, Ariz
ona,
nor
ther
n M
exic
o an
d A
rgen
tina.
He
has
writ
ten
man
y pa
pers
on
fenc
es fr
om th
e ea
rly d
ays
of s
heph
erdi
ng, t
he tr
ansi
tion
from
she
pher
ds to
fenc
es, a
nd o
n th
e he
ritag
e va
lues
of f
ence
s.
Abs
tract
s
Tarp
s an
d T
iles
an
d t
he F
ate
of
Sla
te:
Th
e H
eri
tage I
mp
act
of
the 1
99
9 S
ydn
ey
Hails
torm
on
th
e C
ity
of
Syd
ney
Che
ry K
emp
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
oduc
tion
“On
14 A
pril 1
999,
Syd
ney
expe
rienc
ed a
rgua
bly
the
mos
t exp
ensi
ve h
azar
d ev
ent e
ver t
o ha
ve o
ccur
red
in A
ustr
alia
. A s
uper
cell t
hund
erst
orm
tr
avel
ing
up t
o 44
km/h
r to
ok 2
0 m
inut
es t
o pa
ss a
t 7:
30pm
and
pro
duce
d th
e la
rges
t ha
ilsto
nes
ever
rec
orde
d in
the
Syd
ney
regi
on ..
. and
ca
used
app
roxi
mat
ely
$1.7
billi
on in
insu
red
loss
. A to
tal o
f 32,
000
hous
es a
nd 4
3,00
0 ca
rs w
ere
dam
aged
. The
SE
S re
cord
ed 2
5,30
1 ca
lls
for
assi
stan
ce a
nd th
e R
ural
Fire
Ser
vice
rece
ived
19,
437
calls
.” (F
rom
Aus
tral
ian
Gov
ernm
ent G
eosc
ienc
e A
ustr
alia
web
site
)
This
pap
er w
ill in
clud
e th
e ac
coun
ts o
f peo
ple
wor
king
in h
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion
in th
e C
ity o
f Syd
ney
area
at t
he ti
me
of th
e ha
ilsto
rm.
Dis
cuss
ion
-Th
e di
stin
ct d
iffer
ence
s in
con
serv
atio
n ou
tcom
es re
sulti
ng fr
om d
iffer
ence
s in
occ
upan
cy ty
pe, w
ealth
and
insu
ranc
e co
ver a
mon
g af
fect
ed
hous
ehol
ders
.
- Th
e re
spon
se o
f rel
evan
t aut
horit
ies
to e
mer
genc
y ro
ofing
repa
irs to
her
itage
bui
ldin
gs.
- Ill
ustr
ate
the
impa
ct o
f the
hai
lsto
rm, 8
yea
rs o
n, o
n th
e he
ritag
e of
the
inne
r S
ydne
y bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Out
line
less
ons
for
futu
re d
isas
ters
affe
ctin
g bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
ts o
f her
itage
sig
nific
ance
.
Bio
gra
phy
Che
ry is
a h
erita
ge s
peci
alis
t with
18
year
s ex
perie
nce.
Che
ry h
as b
een
wor
king
as
a se
lf-em
ploy
ed h
erita
ge c
onsu
ltant
sin
ce A
ugus
t 199
8,
was
par
t-tim
e H
erita
ge P
lann
er t
o S
outh
Syd
ney
City
Cou
ncil
from
Jul
y 20
02 t
ill its
am
alga
mat
ion
with
City
of
Syd
ney
Cou
ncil
in F
ebru
ary
2004
, and
has
sin
ce w
orke
d as
a fu
ll-tim
e H
erita
ge S
peci
alis
t for
City
of S
ydne
y C
ounc
il.
Che
ry’s
qua
lifica
tions
are
: Bac
helo
r of A
rts
with
Urb
an G
eogr
aphy
, App
lied
Sta
tistic
s an
d D
emog
raph
y co
mbi
ned
maj
or, (
Mac
quar
ie U
nive
rsity
19
84);
Mas
ter
of U
rban
& R
egio
nal P
lann
ing,
(S
ydne
y U
nive
rsity
, 19
90);
and
Mas
ter
of t
he B
uilt
Env
ironm
ent
(Con
serv
atio
n),
(Uni
vers
ity o
f N
.S.W
. 199
5).
1819
Abs
tract
s
The
Her
itage
of P
olar
and
Alp
ine
Pla
ces
Con
ven
or:
Mic
hael P
ears
on
Her
itage
pla
ces
in p
olar
and
alp
ine
envi
ronm
ents
sha
re a
num
ber
of a
ttrib
utes
that
inde
ed m
ake
them
Ext
rem
e H
erita
ge. T
hey:
• a
re u
sual
ly e
xtre
mel
y is
olat
ed a
nd d
ifficu
lt (a
nd e
xpen
sive
) to
acce
ss;
• s
uffe
r fro
m e
xtre
me
clim
atic
con
ditio
ns;
• a
re o
ften
impa
cted
by
eros
ion
snow
mov
emen
t and
in th
e ca
se o
f pol
ar p
lace
s by
faun
a an
d w
ave
actio
n;•
hav
e sh
ort s
easo
ns in
whi
ch w
ork
can
occu
r;•
ofte
n co
ntai
n ob
ject
s w
ith s
ubst
antia
l mat
eria
l con
serv
atio
n ne
eds;
• a
re in
crea
sing
ly c
omin
g un
der
tour
ism
pre
ssur
e, o
ften
unsu
perv
ised
; •
ofte
n la
ck p
opul
ar a
nd p
oliti
cal r
ecog
nitio
n in
the
coun
trie
s no
min
ally
resp
onsi
ble
for
them
; and
•
are
in re
gion
s al
read
y ex
perie
ncin
g th
e im
pact
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge.
In a
dditi
on, p
olar
pla
ces:
• o
ften
have
con
fuse
d ow
ners
hip
and
uncl
ear
man
agem
ent r
espo
nsib
ility,
esp
ecia
lly in
Ant
arct
ica;
• o
ften
lack
pop
ular
and
pol
itica
l rec
ogni
tion
in th
e co
untr
ies
nom
inal
ly re
spon
sibl
e fo
r th
em.
This
ses
sion
look
s at
a n
umbe
r of
thes
e is
sues
in A
ntar
ctic
a, th
e su
b-A
ntar
ctic
isla
nds,
and
the
alpi
ne a
reas
of t
he A
ndes
and
Him
alay
as.
“Heri
tage a
t R
isk”:
Cu
ltu
ral H
eri
tage M
an
agem
en
t in
th
e A
nta
rcti
c
She
rrie
-Lee
Eva
ns
Ab
stra
ct
Cur
rent
ly, th
e gr
eate
st th
reat
to A
ntar
ctic
her
itage
site
s co
mes
not
from
clim
ate
chan
ge b
ut fr
om th
e m
anag
emen
t of t
hese
site
s by
Ant
arct
ic
Trea
ty C
onsu
ltativ
e P
artie
s (A
TCP
’s) –
in p
artic
ular
, by
thei
r im
plem
enta
tion
of A
nnex
III o
f the
Mad
rid P
roto
col.
The
Pro
toco
l gen
erat
ed a
pol
itica
l urg
ency
to
‘cle
an u
p th
e en
viro
nmen
t’ w
hich
has
incr
ease
d th
e ris
k of
dam
age
to c
ultu
ral r
esou
rces
. W
hile
, th
e cl
eanu
p re
quire
men
ts in
Ann
ex II
I stip
ulat
e th
at c
lean
up s
houl
d no
t da
mag
e hi
stor
ic it
ems,
the
lack
of
an a
dequ
ate
defin
ition
of
wha
t co
nstit
utes
an
‘his
toric
item
’ (pa
rtic
ular
ly in
rel
atio
n to
arc
haeo
logi
cal d
epos
its c
ompo
sed
of d
isca
rded
item
s) c
ontin
ues
to p
ut h
isto
ric
reso
urce
s at
ris
k of
bei
ng re
mov
ed a
s ru
bbis
h.
A n
umbe
r of c
ase
stud
ies
will
be u
sed
to il
lust
rate
the
impa
ct o
f Ann
ex II
I on
Ant
arct
ic h
erita
ge s
ites.
The
her
itage
val
ues
of th
e W
ilkes
sta
tion,
fo
r ex
ampl
e, c
urre
ntly
hav
e no
legi
slat
ive
prot
ectio
n un
der
eith
er A
ustr
alia
n or
inte
rnat
iona
l law
, bu
t th
e A
ustr
alia
n A
ntar
ctic
Div
isio
n (A
AD
) re
mai
ns c
omm
itted
to p
rogr
essi
ng a
long
term
pla
n fo
r th
e cl
ean
up o
f the
Site
.
Thes
e ca
se s
tudi
es d
emon
stra
te th
e cr
ucia
l im
port
ance
of a
legi
slat
ive
and
man
agem
ent r
egim
e fo
r A
ntar
ctic
her
itage
con
serv
atio
n w
hich
is
base
d on
an
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
the
cultu
ral h
erita
ge s
igni
fican
ce o
f site
s.
Bio
gra
phy
She
rrie
-Lee
Eva
ns is
a q
ualifi
ed a
rcha
eolo
gist
, with
a s
tron
g in
tere
st in
all
aspe
cts
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t.
She
has
ove
r tw
enty
yea
rs e
xper
ienc
e w
orki
ng in
the
field
s of
pro
tect
ed a
rea
and
cultu
ral r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent w
ith th
e N
SW
Nat
iona
l Par
ks
and
Wild
life.
In 2
004
She
rrie
-Lee
com
men
ced
wor
k on
a p
art-
time
rese
arch
mas
ters
the
sis
at t
he U
nive
rsity
of
Tasm
ania
look
ing
at c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge
man
agem
ent i
n th
e A
ntar
ctic
and
sub
-Ant
arct
ic, a
nd w
orke
d in
pos
ition
s w
ith b
oth
the
Aus
tral
ian
Ant
arct
ic D
ivis
ion
and
the
Brit
ish
Ant
arct
ic
Sur
vey.
Cur
rent
ly, s
he is
wor
king
as
a cu
rato
rial a
ssis
tant
with
the
Aus
tral
ian
War
Mem
oria
l in
Can
berr
a.
Abs
tract
s
Beyo
nd
th
e H
ero
ic H
uts
: M
an
agin
g A
ust
ralia
’s A
nta
rcti
c H
eri
tage
Ste
phen
Pow
ell
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
od
uctio
n
The
Aus
tral
ian
Gov
ernm
ent A
ntar
ctic
Div
isio
n is
ent
erin
g a
new
pha
se in
its
appr
oach
to m
anag
ing
Aus
tral
ia’s
Ant
arct
ic h
erita
ge. T
his
shou
ld
see
a re
new
ed fo
cus
on t
he w
hole
sto
ry o
f Aus
tral
ia’s
eng
agem
ent
with
the
froz
en c
ontin
ent,
beyo
nd t
he w
ell-k
now
n tr
easu
re o
f Maw
son’
s H
uts.
Dis
cuss
ion
Maw
son’
s H
uts
(191
2), A
ustr
alia
’s p
rinci
pal c
onne
ctio
n w
ith th
e H
eroi
c E
ra o
f Ant
arct
ic e
xplo
ratio
n, a
re th
e je
wel
in A
ustr
alia
’s A
ntar
ctic
her
itage
cr
own.
But
Aus
tral
ia’s
per
man
ent
pres
ence
on
the
froze
n co
ntin
ent
date
s fro
m t
he s
econ
d ha
lf of
the
20t
h ce
ntur
y. T
he A
ntar
ctic
Div
isio
n is
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r pl
aces
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge s
igni
fican
ce o
n its
ope
ratio
nal s
tatio
ns, n
ot o
nly
the
rem
ote
and
unoc
cupi
ed ic
onic
hut
s.
To m
eet
new
Com
mon
wea
lth H
erita
ge o
blig
atio
ns,
the
Ant
arct
ic D
ivis
ion
is w
orki
ng w
ith t
he H
erita
ge D
ivis
ion
in C
anbe
rra
and
build
ing
on
seve
ral y
ears
of fi
eld
wor
k co
mm
issi
oned
from
her
itage
pro
fess
iona
ls, t
o pu
t new
man
agem
ent a
rran
gem
ents
in p
lace
.
Key
chal
leng
es,i
llust
rate
dw
ithca
sest
udie
s,ar
e:
- C
onve
rtin
g he
ritag
e lis
ting
from
a p
erce
ived
impo
sitio
n to
an
oppo
rtun
ity.
- M
akin
g he
ritag
e m
anag
emen
t par
t of a
rese
arch
sta
tion’
s da
ily o
pera
tions
.
- C
ompe
ting
prio
ritie
s: to
pre
serv
e as
her
itage
or
rem
ove
as w
aste
?
Co
nclu
sio
n
Ext
rem
es –
of c
old,
win
d, ic
e an
d re
mot
enes
s –
at s
tatio
ns o
n th
e A
ntar
ctic
con
tinen
t and
sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
both
defi
ne a
nd th
reat
en th
e pl
aces
’ her
itage
val
ues.
Bio
gra
phy
Ste
phen
Pow
ell i
s a
seni
or h
erita
ge p
olic
y of
ficer
with
the
Aus
tral
ian
Ant
arct
ic D
ivis
ion,
res
pons
ible
for
pol
icie
s an
d pl
ans
to c
onse
rve
and
man
age
Aus
tral
ia’s
Ant
arct
ic h
erita
ge p
lace
s. S
ince
join
ing
the
fede
ral E
nviro
nmen
t D
epar
tmen
t in
200
1, h
e ha
s w
orke
d on
inte
rnat
iona
l ca
mpa
igns
for
spec
ies
cons
erva
tion,
are
a pr
otec
tion
and
low
impa
ct t
ouris
m. B
efor
e th
en, h
e re
sear
ched
the
his
tory
of c
onse
rvat
ion
polic
y in
Aus
tral
ia a
nd th
e U
nite
d S
tate
s, w
hile
teac
hing
in th
e S
choo
l of H
isto
rical
Stu
dies
at M
onas
h U
nive
rsity
.
Con
serv
ati
on
Ch
alle
nges
in t
he S
ou
th S
hetl
an
d I
slan
ds,
An
tarc
tica
Mic
hael
Pea
rson
Ab
stra
ct
The
fur
seal
pop
ulat
ion
of t
he S
outh
She
tland
Isla
nds,
Ant
arct
ica,
was
inte
nsiv
ely
hunt
ed b
y se
aler
s fro
m t
he t
ime
of t
he d
isco
very
of
the
isla
nds
in 1
819
thro
ugh
the
early
yea
rs o
f the
182
0s,
by w
hich
tim
e th
e se
al n
umbe
rs w
ere
so d
eple
ted
that
sea
ling
beca
me
unec
onom
ic.
Sea
ling
was
rev
ived
for
both
fur
seal
s an
d E
leph
ant
seal
s at
sev
eral
per
iods
late
r in
the
cen
tury
. Sea
lers
wer
e pu
t as
hore
in g
angs
and
bui
lt m
akes
hift
shel
ters
in w
hich
to
live,
and
als
o oc
cupi
ed c
aves
. M
any
of t
hese
hav
e be
en id
entifi
ed t
hrou
gh s
urve
ys o
f th
e va
rious
isla
nds
of
the
Sou
th S
hetla
nds,
and
a n
umbe
r ha
ve b
een
exca
vate
d. T
he a
utho
r is
par
t of a
n on
goin
g pr
ogra
m o
f sur
vey,
exc
avat
ion
and
cons
erva
tion
plan
ning
with
the
Chi
lean
Mus
eum
. Th
e pa
per
addr
esse
s so
me
of t
he m
anag
emen
t is
sues
fac
ing
the
cons
erva
tion
of t
hese
site
s, w
hich
in
clud
e A
ntar
ctic
Tre
aty
dipl
omac
y, a
ccel
erat
ing
tour
ism
, dis
turb
ance
by
scie
ntifi
c re
sear
cher
s, a
nim
al w
allo
win
g, a
nd d
riftin
g sa
nd.
Bio
gra
phy
Mic
hael
Pea
rson
is a
n hi
stor
ical
arc
haeo
logi
st a
nd h
as w
orke
d fo
r ov
er 3
0 ye
ars
in t
he h
erita
ge fi
eld,
with
NS
W N
atio
nal P
arks
and
Wild
life
Ser
vice
, w
ith t
he A
ustr
alia
n H
erita
ge C
omm
issi
on,
and
sinc
e 19
93 a
s di
rect
or o
f th
e fir
m H
erita
ge M
anag
emen
t C
onsu
ltant
s P
ty L
td,
spec
ialis
ing
in h
erita
ge re
sear
ch, m
anag
emen
t and
pla
nnin
g. M
icha
el is
a p
ast C
hairm
an o
f Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
, is
Adj
unct
Pro
fess
or o
f Cul
tura
l H
erita
ge M
anag
emen
t at t
he U
nive
rsity
of C
anbe
rra,
and
is C
hair
of th
e A
CT
Her
itage
Cou
ncil.
Mic
hael
has
vis
ited
Ant
arct
ica
five
time,
wor
king
on
hist
oric
site
s su
ch a
s th
e M
awso
n, S
cott
and
Sha
ckle
ton
huts
, an
d th
e se
alin
g si
tes
in
the
Sou
th S
hetla
nds
2021
Abs
tract
s
Con
serv
ing in
th
e D
eep
Fre
eze
: S
avi
ng a
nd
In
terp
reti
ng t
he H
ero
ic E
ra H
uts
of
the R
oss
Dep
en
den
cy
in
An
tarc
tica
Fion
a Te
nnan
t and
Jul
ian
Bic
kers
teth
Ab
stra
ct
The
Her
oic
Era
exp
lore
r hu
ts in
the
Ros
s D
epen
denc
y of
Ant
arct
ica
are
loca
ted
in o
ne o
f the
mos
t re
mot
e an
d en
viro
nmen
tally
har
sh a
reas
in
the
wor
ld. A
s un
ique
tang
ible
evi
denc
e of
wor
ld e
xplo
ratio
n an
d hu
man
end
uran
ce, t
hese
hut
s ar
e un
ique
ly s
peci
al, b
ut s
how
ing
the
sign
s of
env
ironm
enta
l and
hum
an im
pact
.
Inte
rnat
iona
l Con
serv
atio
n S
ervi
ces
have
bee
n w
orki
ng w
ith t
he A
ntar
ctic
Her
itage
Tru
st (N
ew Z
eala
nd) f
or t
he la
st 1
0 ye
ars,
pro
vidi
ng t
he
cons
erva
tion
expe
rtis
e re
quire
d to
pre
serv
e th
e m
ovab
le h
erita
ge it
ems,
with
in a
nd a
roun
d th
e hu
ts a
cros
s fo
ur e
xped
ition
bas
es, a
mou
ntin
g to
ove
r fiv
e th
ousa
nd it
ems.
In 2
006,
the
AH
T ac
hiev
ed a
wor
ld fi
rst:
to s
uppo
rt a
mat
eria
ls c
onse
rvat
ion
team
in A
ntar
ctic
a ye
ar r
ound
, to
pro
gres
s th
e pr
eser
vatio
n pr
ogra
m.
Ext
rem
e cl
imat
e an
d lo
gist
ical
iss
ues
mea
n m
anag
eria
l an
d te
chni
cal
issu
es a
re c
halle
ngin
g to
res
olve
. To
geth
er,
ICS
and
the
A
HT
have
dev
elop
ed m
obile
labo
rato
ries,
con
serv
atio
n tr
eatm
ent
prot
ocol
s, m
ater
ial t
estin
g pr
ogra
ms,
dis
aste
r pr
epar
edne
ss p
lans
and
pr
even
tive
cons
erva
tion
stra
tegi
es.
ICS
is a
lso
wor
king
with
the
AH
T to
incr
ease
edu
catio
nal a
nd in
spira
tiona
l opp
ortu
nitie
s w
ith t
he h
uts
via
virt
ual a
cces
s, d
eliv
ered
in h
ouse
an
d vi
a st
rate
gic
part
ners
hips
, suc
h as
Can
terb
ury
Mus
eum
and
the
Nat
ural
His
tory
Mus
eum
, Lon
don.
Thi
s pa
per t
ells
the
stor
y of
wha
t has
be
en d
escr
ibed
as
‘cur
rent
ly th
e m
ost e
xciti
ng c
onse
rvat
ion
proj
ect i
n th
e w
orld
.’
Bio
gra
phy
Fion
a Te
nnan
t is
the
Prin
cipa
l Col
lect
ions
Man
ager
at I
nter
natio
nal C
onse
rvat
ion
Ser
vice
s. S
he is
cur
rent
ly n
atio
nal c
onve
nor f
or th
e P
reve
ntiv
e C
onse
rvat
ion
Spe
cial
Int
eres
t G
roup
of
AIC
CM
. H
er b
ackg
roun
d in
mat
eria
ls a
nd p
reve
ntiv
e co
nser
vatio
n al
ong
with
her
exp
erie
nce
in
colle
ctio
ns m
anag
emen
t has
lead
to h
er in
volv
emen
t in
man
y pr
ojec
ts fo
r bo
th G
over
nmen
t and
non
Gov
ernm
ent a
genc
ies.
Fion
a ha
s re
cent
ly c
ompl
eted
her
Mas
ters
dis
sert
atio
n on
the
Ros
s S
ea h
uts.
Thi
s in
clud
ed r
esea
rch
on h
ow t
o pr
ovid
e ed
ucat
iona
l and
in
spira
tiona
l ex
perie
nces
with
geo
grap
hica
lly r
emot
e cu
ltura
l co
llect
ions
. S
he h
as b
een
invo
lved
with
pla
nnin
g an
d im
plem
entin
g th
e co
nser
vatio
n pr
ogra
m fo
r th
e R
oss
Sea
hut
s ov
er th
e pa
st 1
0 ye
ars.
Th
e A
rch
aeolo
gy
of
Dan
gero
us
Pla
ces
Rob
ert P
aton
Ab
stra
ct
Rec
ordi
ng a
nd in
terp
reta
tion
of m
ount
aine
er c
amps
at h
igh
altit
udes
sho
w h
ow h
uman
s ad
apt o
n th
e ve
ry e
dge
of s
urvi
val,
in w
hat i
s kn
own
as th
e “d
eath
zon
e”. M
y ex
perie
nces
in th
ese
plac
es h
as b
roug
ht in
to q
uest
ion
how
we
mig
ht re
cogn
ise
chan
ges
in h
abita
tion
patt
erns
whe
n pe
ople
are
put
und
er h
igh
leve
ls o
f str
ess.
By
inte
rpre
tatio
n of
thes
e pl
aces
, and
thro
ugh
anal
ogy,
I w
ill co
nsid
er w
heth
er th
is s
tudy
can
hel
p us
und
erst
and
chan
ges
at a
rcha
eolo
gica
l site
s.
This
tal
k w
ill fo
cus
prim
arily
on
data
col
lect
ed f
rom
sev
eral
hig
h al
titud
e m
ount
ain
clim
bs in
the
Him
alay
as a
nd t
he A
ndes
. A
nalo
gies
will
be m
ade
with
som
e hu
nter
gat
her
site
s fro
m A
ustr
alia
whe
re I
kno
w t
he in
habi
tant
s w
ere
plac
ed u
nder
ext
rem
e st
ress
dur
ing
Eur
opea
n co
loni
satio
n.
The
aim
of
the
stud
y is
to
add
to t
he d
evel
opm
ent
of t
heor
ies
to h
elp
reco
gnis
e an
d th
en e
xpla
in c
hang
es in
the
arc
haeo
logi
cal r
ecor
d.
Alth
ough
at a
ver
y ea
rly s
tage
, thi
s w
ork
show
s so
me
prom
ise
in th
is a
rea.
Bio
gra
phy
Rob
Pat
on is
a c
onsu
ltant
arc
haeo
logi
st. H
e ha
s pr
evio
usly
taug
ht a
rcha
eolo
gy a
t the
Aus
tral
ian
Nat
iona
l Uni
vers
ity, w
here
he
now
hel
ps e
dit
the
jour
nal A
borig
inal
His
tory
. He
spen
ds fa
r to
o lo
ng a
way
clim
bing
mou
ntai
ns, a
nd h
opes
to ju
stify
this
via
this
pre
sent
atio
n.
Abs
tract
s
Rai
nfor
est,
Sav
anna
h an
d R
eef:
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
in th
e Tr
opic
s (P
art 1
)C
on
ven
ors
: S
usa
n M
cIn
tyre
-Tam
woy
an
d M
au
reen
Fu
ary
The
cont
rast
bet
wee
n th
e la
ndsc
apes
whi
ch c
ompr
ise
trop
ical
nor
ther
n A
ustr
alia
is o
ften
rem
arke
d on
by
first
tim
e vi
sito
rs.
The
sava
nnah
ca
n se
em v
ery
arid
dur
ing
the
dry
seas
on,
the
antit
hesi
s of
the
pub
lic v
isio
n of
the
tro
pics
as
palm
tre
es a
nd ju
ngle
. Th
e ra
info
rest
in s
tark
co
ntra
st is
lush
, dar
k an
d of
ten
impe
netr
able
. Frin
ged
by c
loud
wre
athe
d m
ount
ain
rang
es, a
rid h
ills o
r co
ral r
eefs
and
sw
ampl
ands
, tro
pica
l la
ndsc
apes
em
brac
e a
rem
arka
ble
envi
ronm
enta
l div
ersi
ty
The
herit
age
of tr
opic
al la
ndsc
apes
is e
qual
ly d
iver
se. I
n m
any
case
s si
tes
are
ephe
mer
al s
ubje
ct to
sea
sona
l fire
s an
d flo
odin
g, te
rmite
s an
d ro
t. T
his
sess
ion
will
show
case
cas
e st
udie
s of
cul
tura
l her
itage
pro
ject
s fro
m th
e tr
opic
s w
hich
dem
onst
rate
the
dive
rsity
of h
erita
ge p
lace
s,
and
valu
es a
nd th
e ch
alle
nges
in re
cogn
isin
g an
d m
anag
ing
them
. P
rese
ntat
ions
are
dra
wn
from
a ra
nge
of p
ract
ition
er p
ersp
ectiv
es: p
lann
er,
arch
aeol
ogis
t, an
d hi
stor
ian.
A H
eri
tage o
f E
xtre
mes:
Lard
il, K
aia
dilt
an
d Y
an
gkaal
Ab
ori
gin
al
Peop
le o
f th
e W
elle
sley
Isla
nd
s, G
ulf
of
Carp
en
tari
a
Cam
eo D
alle
y an
d P
aul M
emm
ott
Ab
stra
ct
Issu
es o
f clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd m
eltin
g po
lar
ice
caps
are
cur
rent
ly s
atur
atin
g th
e m
edia
, with
by-
lines
suc
h as
‘unp
rece
dent
ed’ a
nd ‘r
ecen
t’.
Whi
le t
he s
peed
with
whi
ch t
hese
cha
nges
are
occ
urrin
g is
incr
easi
ng,
the
sym
ptom
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge a
re n
ot u
nfam
iliar
to A
borig
inal
co
mm
uniti
es li
ving
in d
ynam
ic c
oast
al a
nd is
land
env
ironm
ents
. So
muc
h so
, tha
t geo
logi
cal a
nd c
limat
ic c
hang
es h
ave
been
acc
omm
odat
ed
into
Abo
rigin
al c
once
pts
of ‘h
erita
ge’.
In th
is p
aper
we
draw
exa
mpl
es fr
om th
e La
rdil,
Kai
adilt
and
Yan
gkaa
l Abo
rigin
al p
eopl
e of
the
Wel
lesl
ey
Isla
nds
in th
e G
ulf o
f Car
pent
aria
. We
will
dem
onst
rate
that
the
thre
e gr
oups
hav
e co
nsta
ntly
ada
pted
thei
r sac
red
hist
orie
s th
roug
h flu
ctua
ting
sea
leve
ls, t
he e
mer
genc
e of
new
isla
nds
and
reef
s an
d de
stru
ctio
n br
ough
t on
by c
yclo
nic
and
flood
eve
nts.
We
shal
l arg
ue th
at th
is fl
uidi
ty
and
adap
tatio
n ar
e in
here
nt p
arts
of t
he w
ay in
whi
ch L
ardi
l, K
aiad
ilt a
nd Y
angk
aal s
ocia
lise
thei
r la
ndsc
apes
and
sea
scap
es, a
nd c
onst
ruct
in
divi
dual
and
sha
red
notio
ns o
f cul
tura
l ide
ntity
.
Bio
gra
phy
Cam
eo is
cur
rent
ly u
nder
taki
ng fi
eldw
ork
tow
ards
her
PhD
, bas
ed o
n M
orni
ngto
n Is
land
, Gul
f of C
arpe
ntar
ia. P
revi
ousl
y, s
he w
orke
d in
the
A
borig
inal
Stu
dies
Sec
tion
at t
he Q
ueen
slan
d M
useu
m a
nd a
s a
cons
ulta
nt a
rcha
eolo
gist
for
Eas
tern
Yug
ambe
h Li
mite
d, a
n A
borig
inal
-run
cu
ltura
l her
itage
com
pany
on
Que
ensl
and’
s G
old
Coa
st.
In a
dditi
on to
bei
ng D
irect
or o
f the
AE
RC
, Dr M
emm
ott o
pera
tes
a pr
ivat
e co
nsul
tanc
y, u
nder
taki
ng p
roje
cts
into
nat
ive
title
, vio
lenc
e, h
ousi
ng
and
mob
ility.
He
is P
roje
ct D
irect
or f
or a
n A
ustr
alia
n R
esea
rch
Cou
ncil
Dis
cove
ry P
roje
ct t
itled
“Is
olat
ion,
Ins
ular
ity a
nd C
hang
e in
Isl
and
Pop
ulat
ions
- A
n In
terd
isci
plin
ary
Stu
dy o
f Abo
rigin
al C
ultu
ral P
atte
rns
in th
e G
ulf o
f Car
pent
aria
”.
Liz
ard
Isl
an
d S
ton
e B
uild
ings
Rut
h K
err
Ab
stra
ct
Muc
h ha
s be
en w
ritte
n in
pop
ular
lite
ratu
re a
bout
the
ston
e bu
ildin
gs o
n Li
zard
Isla
nd a
nd th
e st
ory
of th
e de
ath
of M
rs W
atso
n an
d he
r chi
ld.
All
of t
his
assu
mes
tha
t th
e bu
ildin
gs w
ere
built
by
the
Wat
sons
in t
he 1
870s
for
bech
e-de
-mer
fish
ing
purp
oses
. In
fact
the
bui
ldin
gs w
ere
built
spe
cific
ally
for
bech
e-de
-mer
fish
ing
dryi
ng a
nd p
acki
ng p
urpo
ses
in 1
861-
1862
by
Syd
ney
base
d be
che-
de-m
er fi
sher
men
fund
ed b
y S
ydne
y m
erch
ants
. Th
e co
nstr
uctio
n of
the
bui
ldin
gs w
as w
idel
y re
port
ed a
t th
e tim
e in
the
Syd
ney
Mor
ning
Her
ald
and
the
Que
ensl
and
Tim
es in
Ipsw
ich,
Que
ensl
and
as a
n ex
ampl
e of
suc
cess
ful S
ydne
y bu
sine
ss e
nter
pris
e in
nor
th A
ustr
alia
. The
siti
ng o
f the
bui
ldin
gs c
onfli
cted
w
ith lo
cal A
borig
inal
use
of t
he is
land
and
the
Wat
son’
s C
hine
se g
arde
ner
culti
vate
d ga
rden
s on
the
indi
geno
us c
ultu
ral s
ites.
This
pap
er d
escr
ibes
the
cons
truc
tion
of th
e bu
ildin
gs a
nd o
utlin
es th
e hi
stor
y of
thei
r us
e. T
he p
aper
is p
rese
nted
from
the
pers
pect
ive
of a
hi
stor
ian.
Bio
gra
phy
Dr.
Rut
h K
err
is a
n ex
perie
nced
his
toria
n w
ho h
as d
one
exte
nsiv
e re
sear
ch in
min
ing,
reg
iona
l and
org
anis
atio
nal h
isto
ry a
nd h
as w
ritte
n se
vera
l boo
ks o
n th
ese
subj
ects
. R
uth
has
mor
e th
an 1
0 ye
ars
rese
arch
exp
erie
nce
in n
ativ
e tit
le a
reas
and
12
year
s ex
perie
nce
as a
n ar
chiv
ist a
t Que
ensl
and
Sta
te A
rchi
ves.
2223
Abs
tract
s
Wh
y Is
My
Lit
tle T
imb
er
Sh
ack H
eri
tage L
iste
d?
I W
an
t To
Bu
ild U
nit
s!
Ken
Hog
an
Ab
stra
ct
A d
iscu
ssio
n on
the
met
hods
in u
se fo
r ex
pand
ing
the
Tow
nsvi
lle C
ity C
ounc
il Lo
cal H
erita
ge D
atab
ase
and
how
the
Her
itage
Uni
t bal
ance
s th
e co
nser
vatio
n of
her
itage
with
the
ine
vita
ble
mar
ch o
f de
velo
pmen
t. I
will
rela
te h
ow w
e de
al w
ith w
orrie
d ho
me
owne
rs,
conf
used
ne
ighb
ours
and
ang
ry d
evel
oper
s.
My
pre
sent
atio
nw
illco
ver
• Th
e To
wns
ville
Her
itage
Dat
abas
e, it
s m
ake
up a
nd h
isto
ry a
nd w
hy w
e ar
e ex
pand
ing
the
listin
gs.
• Li
stin
gs o
verv
iew
, sho
win
g a
cros
s se
ctio
n of
the
prop
ertie
s lis
ted
• To
wns
ville
City
dev
elop
men
t gui
delin
es a
nd h
erita
ge p
rope
rtie
s
• C
omm
on p
robl
ems
we
enco
unte
r w
ith o
wne
rs a
nd h
ow w
e de
al w
ith th
em
• C
ase
stud
ies
of p
robl
ems
won
and
lost
.
Sta
ndin
g in
fron
t of a
n ex
trem
ely
angr
y de
velo
per w
ho w
ants
to b
uild
a b
lock
of fl
ats
or a
n ow
ner w
ho is
con
vinc
ed th
at w
e ar
e be
com
ing
“Big
B
roth
er” a
nd a
re re
pres
sing
thei
r rig
hts,
you
mus
t be
able
kee
p yo
ur c
ool a
nd tr
y to
exp
lain
the
bene
fits
of lis
ting
to s
omeo
ne w
ho is
n’t l
iste
ning
. Th
is a
rea
of th
e he
ritag
e pr
ofes
sion
is a
con
stan
t par
t of e
mpl
oym
ent a
t thi
s le
vel a
nd c
an v
ery
wel
l be
calle
d ex
trem
e in
som
e in
stan
ces.
As
a lo
cal g
over
nmen
t em
ploy
ee,
I mus
t be
abl
e to
wor
k w
ithin
the
rel
evan
t le
gisl
atio
n an
d pl
anni
ng c
ode
in a
n at
tem
pt t
o pr
eser
ve fa
ctor
s of
To
wns
ville
’s H
erita
ge fr
om th
e co
nsta
nt th
reat
of d
evel
opm
ent.
At t
he s
ame
time
tryi
ng to
reac
h a
reso
lve
whe
re e
very
one
is h
appy
.
Bio
gra
phy
Ken
Hog
an h
as a
deg
ree
in A
rcha
eolo
gy a
nd P
hoto
grap
hy w
hich
was
the
res
ult
of a
des
ire t
o w
ork
for
Nat
iona
l Geo
grap
hic
mag
azin
e.
Afte
r fin
ally
gra
duat
ing
in 2
005
he w
orke
d as
a v
olun
teer
with
the
Que
ensl
and
Env
ironm
enta
l Pro
tect
ion
Age
ncy
– C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge B
ranc
h,
Que
ensl
and
Mus
eum
, M
useu
m o
f Tro
pica
l Que
ensl
and,
Nor
th Q
ueen
slan
d M
ilitar
y M
useu
m,
Nor
ther
n A
rcha
eolo
gy a
nd G
ordo
n G
rimw
ade
and
Ass
ocia
tes.
Thi
s ex
perie
nce
help
ed h
im g
ain
the
posi
tion
of H
erita
ge R
esea
rch
Offi
cer
with
the
Tow
nsvi
lle C
ity C
ounc
il. H
is d
utie
s th
ere
invo
lved
his
toric
al r
esea
rch
on p
ione
ers
and
build
ings
and
her
itage
bas
ed p
roje
ct m
anag
emen
t. H
e w
as in
volv
ed w
ith t
he r
ecen
t pr
ojec
t to
ex
pand
Tow
nsvi
lle’s
Loc
al H
erita
ge D
atab
ase
whe
re h
is d
iver
se a
nd in
som
e ca
ses
extr
eme
expe
rienc
es w
ith p
rope
rty
owne
rs h
as le
d to
the
pres
enta
tion
he w
ill pr
esen
t at t
his
year
’s A
ICO
MO
S c
onfe
renc
e.
He
spen
t 13
year
s w
ith th
e R
AA
F an
d ha
s op
erat
iona
l ser
vice
in E
ast T
imor
and
Pap
ua N
ew G
uine
a, w
hich
con
trib
uted
to a
n un
usua
lly lo
ng
Uni
vers
ity e
duca
tion,
and
is s
till a
cur
rent
mem
ber
of th
e R
AA
F R
eser
ve w
here
he
is in
volv
ed w
ith re
sear
ch a
ctiv
ities
.
Abs
tract
s
Ext
rem
e E
xper
ienc
es in
Cul
tura
l and
Inte
rpre
tatio
n (P
art 1
)C
on
ven
or:
Gord
on
Gri
mw
ad
e
This
ses
sion
exp
lore
s cu
ltura
l tou
rism
ent
erpr
ises
and
inte
rpre
tatio
n ch
alle
nges
that
are
out
of t
he o
rdin
ary.
The
pap
ers
focu
s on
wid
e ra
ngin
g ca
se s
tudi
es t
hat
show
case
unu
sual
, an
d of
ten
unco
mfo
rtab
le,
aspe
cts
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge a
nd t
he e
xtre
mes
in t
ouris
m t
hat
evol
ve.
Suc
h ex
trem
es n
eces
sita
te s
ome
inno
vativ
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
tour
ism
str
ateg
ies.
Cul
tura
l tou
rism
can
incl
ude
site
s w
hich
are
inhe
rent
ly ‘
extr
eme’
by
virt
ue o
f is
olat
ion,
by
the
even
ts t
hat
shap
ed t
hem
, or
by
the
seve
re
impa
cts
on th
e en
viro
nmen
t and
on
the
peop
le w
ho c
all s
uch
plac
es ‘h
ome’
. Tou
rism
loca
tions
with
in e
xtre
me
envi
ronm
ents
pre
sent
unu
sual
ch
alle
nges
. Th
is s
essi
on p
rese
nts
a w
ide
rang
e of
cul
tura
l tou
rism
cas
e st
udie
s th
at h
ighl
ight
the
div
ersi
ty o
f im
pact
s.
The
pape
rs t
o be
pr
esen
ted
in th
is s
essi
on d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
offe
r sol
utio
ns b
ut th
ey d
o hi
ghlig
ht th
e ex
trem
e is
sues
faci
ng c
ultu
ral t
ouris
m m
anag
ers,
the
site
s th
emse
lves
and
the
com
mun
ities
on
whi
ch to
uris
m im
pact
s.
Au
then
ticit
y ve
rsu
s C
om
mod
ificati
on
: A
trocit
y H
eri
tage t
ou
rism
at
‘Death
Railw
ay’
of
the B
rid
ge o
ver
the
Riv
er
Kw
ai an
d its
Ass
ocia
tion
s, T
haila
nd
Api
nya
Arr
unna
papo
rn
Ab
stra
ct
Sin
ce a
long
tim
e th
e fa
scin
atio
n of
dea
th in
hum
ans
has
ente
red
into
the
rea
lm o
f to
uris
m.
Now
aday
s, n
umer
ous
site
s of
atr
ocity
att
ract
m
illion
s of
vis
itors
fro
m a
ll ar
ound
the
wor
ld,
Aus
chw
itz-B
irken
au;
Ann
e Fr
ank’
s H
ouse
; G
etty
burg
; th
e O
klah
oma
City
; R
obbe
n Is
land
s;
Bar
bado
s an
d la
tely
the
Tsun
ami e
ffect
ed re
gion
s.
The
‘Dea
th R
ailw
ay’ o
f the
Brid
ge o
ver
the
Riv
er K
wai
and
its
Ass
ocia
tions
is a
goo
d ex
ampl
e of
suc
h a
fast
gro
win
g he
ritag
e to
uris
m. A
s a
wor
ld fa
mou
s br
idge
and
rai
l lin
e th
at w
as b
uilt
by t
he P
rison
ers
of W
ar(P
OW
s) d
urin
g th
e S
econ
d W
orld
War
und
er t
he J
apan
ese
Impe
rial
Milit
ary.
The
num
bers
of l
ife t
hat
peris
hed
and
atro
citie
s th
at h
ad o
ccur
ed d
urin
g th
e co
nstr
uctio
n ha
s at
trac
ted
visi
tors
to
the
plac
es. T
here
ar
e el
even
milli
ons
tour
ists
arr
ivin
g Th
aila
nd a
nnua
lly, a
bout
a m
illion
vis
it th
e pr
ovin
ce o
f Kan
chan
abur
i whe
re th
e si
tes
are
loca
ted,
com
bine
w
ith d
omes
tic t
ouris
ts,
the
num
ber
of v
isito
r to
the
pro
vinc
e ris
es o
ver
four
milli
ons
a ye
ar.
Bes
ides
its
high
ly r
ich
natu
ral r
esou
rces
, m
ost
visi
ted
plac
es a
re t
he w
ar s
ites
such
as
the
Brid
ge;
the
two
war
cem
eter
ies;
mus
eum
s co
ncer
n ov
er t
he w
ar;
and
a rid
e on
a v
inta
ge t
rain
th
roug
h th
e B
ridge
and
the
fore
st w
here
the
rails
wer
e la
id b
y th
ose
PO
Ws
and
the
Asi
an im
pres
sed
labo
urs.
Sin
ce m
ore
than
30
year
s, t
he w
ar s
ites
in K
anch
anab
uri h
ave
been
incr
easi
ng it
s po
pula
rity
as a
tou
rism
pro
duct
. Fr
om la
ggin
g be
hind
a
good
edu
catio
n an
d un
ders
tand
ing
in h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t, it
is s
educ
tivel
y ea
sy to
des
troy
ant
con
nect
ion
of th
e so
cial
con
text
s in
whi
ch
herit
age
is n
ever
thel
ess,
alw
ays
and
inev
itabl
y em
bedd
ed. T
here
cer
tain
ly is
som
ethi
ng to
thes
e ch
arge
s: th
e co
mm
odifi
catio
n of
soc
ial a
nd
cultu
ral e
xper
ienc
e co
mm
only
dis
loca
tes
it fro
m it
s liv
ing
user
s an
d in
habi
tant
s, w
ithou
t re
gard
to
the
inte
rest
of l
ivin
g po
pula
tions
. A
noth
er
mai
n re
ason
is a
n ec
onom
ic in
tere
st t
hat
alw
ays
paly
s an
impo
rtan
t ro
le in
her
itage
man
agem
ent
in T
haila
nd. A
tou
rist’s
com
mod
ifica
tion
of
the
plac
es h
as o
verr
uled
its
auth
entic
ity. T
hia
pape
r w
ill pr
esen
t the
pro
blem
and
sug
gest
mea
ns to
relo
cate
the
auth
entic
ity a
nd a
‘sen
se o
f pl
ace’
bac
k to
the
herit
age.
Bio
gra
phy
Api
nya
Bag
gela
ar A
rrun
napa
porn
, has
a s
tron
g in
tere
st in
mus
eum
stu
dies
, her
itage
pre
serv
atio
n, a
nd e
spec
ially
her
itage
inte
rpre
tatio
n. S
he
has
been
wor
king
in m
useu
m a
nd a
rt in
stitu
te fo
r se
vera
l yea
rs in
the
Net
herla
nds.
Bes
ide,
wor
king
in a
mus
eum
fiel
d, s
he h
as b
een
givi
ng
lect
ures
in M
useu
m S
tudi
es a
nd C
ultu
ral M
anag
emen
t as
a V
isite
d Le
ctur
er a
t sev
eral
uni
vers
ities
in T
haila
nd. C
urre
ntly,
she
is g
ivin
g a
cons
ult
on h
erita
ge p
rese
rvat
ion
proj
ects
, aca
dem
ic c
oord
inat
or fo
r E
xcha
nge
Pro
gram
me,
and
wor
king
on
her
Ph.
D. d
isse
rtat
ion
for
Silp
akor
n an
d D
eaki
n U
nive
rsity
. H
er d
isse
rtat
ion
topi
c is
, In
terp
reta
tion
of A
troc
ity H
erita
ge:
case
stu
dy,
the
‘Dea
th R
ailw
ay’
over
the
Riv
er K
wai
and
its
Ass
ocia
tions
.
2425
Abs
tract
s
Worl
d W
ar
Two S
ites
in T
orr
es
Str
ait
Vane
ssa
See
kee
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er d
iscu
sses
tour
ism
in T
orre
s S
trai
t as
it re
late
s to
the
regi
on’s
div
erse
fron
tline
Wor
ld W
ar T
wo
site
s. It
will
desc
ribe
the
site
s; o
utlin
e th
eir
tour
ism
and
her
itage
val
ue t
o A
ustr
alia
and
to
the
Torr
es S
trai
t in
par
ticul
ar.
It w
ill illu
stra
te t
he e
mot
ive
feel
ings
the
site
s co
njur
e in
ve
tera
ns a
nd th
e ge
nera
l com
mun
ity, t
he c
halle
nges
of a
cces
s, a
nd o
f con
serv
atio
n ef
fort
s be
ing
mad
e to
ens
ure
the
site
s ar
e re
tain
ed a
nd
mad
e m
ore
acce
ssib
le.
The
Torr
es S
trai
t W
W2
Con
serv
atio
n P
lan
was
com
plet
ed in
Oct
ober
200
6. C
urre
ntly,
fun
ding
is b
eing
sou
ght
for
cons
erva
tion
wor
ks t
o be
gin.
The
re is
pre
sent
ly o
ne to
ur th
at o
pera
tes,
taki
ng g
uest
s to
a s
elec
tion
of th
ese
exce
ptio
nal e
xam
ples
of A
ustr
alia
’s h
erita
ge. H
owev
er,
with
out a
ppro
pria
te s
ensi
tive,
con
serv
atio
n w
orks
, the
se s
ites
will
not b
e pr
esen
t for
futu
re g
ener
atio
ns to
lear
n fro
m.
The
rem
ote
loca
tions
and
uni
que
expe
rienc
es e
ncou
nter
ed b
y vi
sito
rs p
rovi
des
extr
eme
expe
rienc
es fo
r who
mak
e th
e tr
ip b
y pl
ane,
bus
, fou
r w
heel
driv
e an
d ev
en, f
or s
ome
site
s, h
elic
opte
r.
Bio
gra
phy
Vane
ssa
See
kee
hold
s a
Mas
ter’s
deg
ree
in A
rts
(Res
earc
h), i
s th
e au
thor
of ‘
Hor
n Is
land
, In
Thei
r S
teps
193
9-19
45’,
and
was
aw
arde
d an
O
AM
for
her
rese
arch
into
Wor
ld W
ar T
wo
in th
e ar
ea a
nd h
er w
ork
with
vet
eran
s w
ho s
erve
d in
the
regi
on d
urin
g W
W2.
Whe
n no
t eng
aged
in
furt
her r
esea
rch
of th
e re
gion
’s m
ilitar
y hi
stor
y, V
anes
sa a
nd h
er h
usba
nd ru
n re
gula
r tou
rs o
f man
y of
the
mor
e ac
cess
ible
site
s an
d sp
ecia
l to
urs
to t
hose
tha
t ar
e m
ore
rem
ote
on r
eque
st.
Vane
ssa
is c
urat
or o
f the
Tor
res
Str
ait
Her
itage
Mus
eum
and
was
co-
auth
or,
with
Gor
don
Grim
wad
e an
d P
eter
Max
wel
l, of
the
Torr
es S
trai
t WW
2 C
onse
rvat
ion
Pla
n.
Tran
sform
ati
ve L
earn
ing i
n t
he H
idd
en
Cit
y: W
riti
ng a
n I
nte
rpre
tati
on
Pla
n a
t th
e V
ien
gxa
i Fie
ld S
ch
ool
in
Nort
hern
Laos
Joan
na W
ills, C
olin
Lon
g, J
onat
han
Sw
eet ,
Sim
on W
ilmot
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
od
uctio
n
This
pap
er e
xam
ines
the
tran
sfor
mat
ive
lear
ning
dim
ensi
ons
of th
e V
ieng
xai F
ield
Sch
ool r
un b
y D
eaki
n U
nive
rsity
in re
mot
e no
rthe
rn L
aos.
It
outli
nes
the
issu
es in
volv
ed in
ado
ptin
g a
part
icip
ator
y ap
proa
ch to
cul
tura
l her
itage
trai
ning
, and
aim
s to
pro
mot
e th
e be
nefit
s of
usi
ng c
ultu
ral
herit
age
to b
uild
cap
acity
in a
n ap
plie
d, c
ross
-cul
tura
l and
rem
ote
sett
ing.
Dis
cuss
ion
In 2
006,
sta
ff fro
m D
eaki
n U
nive
rsity
ran
the
Vie
ngxa
i Fie
ld S
choo
l for
pos
tgra
duat
e st
uden
ts a
nd L
aotia
n to
uris
m a
nd h
erita
ge p
rofe
ssio
nals
. Th
e sc
hool
had
tw
o m
ajor
aim
s: t
o de
velo
p an
inte
rpre
tativ
e pl
an f
or V
ieng
xai’s
his
toric
cav
es,
and
to p
rovi
de p
artic
ipan
ts w
ith a
n ap
plie
d le
arni
ng e
xper
ienc
e in
cul
tura
l her
itage
.
The
need
for
tang
ible
out
com
es t
hat
wou
ld c
ontr
ibut
e to
the
reg
ion’
s to
uris
m d
evel
opm
ent
mea
nt p
artic
ipan
ts h
ad t
o en
sure
bes
t pr
actic
e st
rate
gies
wer
e al
so a
chie
vabl
e. T
hese
aim
s pr
esen
ted
num
erou
s ch
alle
nges
, inc
ludi
ng la
ngua
ge b
arrie
rs, p
oliti
cal s
ensi
tiviti
es a
s w
ell a
s liv
ing
and
wor
king
in a
rem
ote
loca
tion.
Thi
s un
usua
l cas
e st
udy
prov
ides
an
insi
ght i
nto
the
lear
ning
exp
erie
nces
of t
hose
invo
lved
, and
det
ails
the
ongo
ing
natu
re o
f thi
s co
llabo
rativ
e pr
ojec
t.
Co
nclu
sio
n
The
Vie
ngxa
i Fie
ld S
choo
l sho
wca
ses
the
impo
rtan
ce o
f her
itage
tou
rism
and
inte
rpre
tatio
n to
sus
tain
able
dev
elop
men
t in
rem
ote
regi
ons,
an
d hi
ghlig
hts
the
bene
fits
of p
artic
ipat
ory
proc
esse
s an
d co
llabo
rativ
e pl
anni
ng.
Bio
gra
phy
Jo W
ills is
an
Aus
tral
ian-
base
d m
useu
m a
nd h
erita
ge p
rofe
ssio
nal.
Her
prin
cipl
e in
tere
sts
incl
ude
usin
g he
ritag
e to
bui
ld c
omm
unity
cap
acity
an
d pa
rtic
ipat
ory
prac
tices
with
in th
e m
useu
m in
dust
ry.
Jo h
as w
orke
d w
ith s
taff
at th
e C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge C
entr
e fo
r Asi
a an
d th
e P
acifi
c at
Dea
kin
Uni
vers
ity fo
r a n
umbe
r of y
ears
. She
del
iver
ed th
e co
mm
unity
con
sulta
tion,
eva
luat
ion
and
audi
ence
rese
arch
sec
tions
of t
he V
ieng
xai F
ield
Sch
ool t
o en
hanc
e
Dr
Long
’s h
isto
rical
exp
ertis
e an
d in
tere
st in
Lao
s, a
nd J
onat
han
Sw
eet’s
mus
eum
stu
dies
and
inte
rpre
tatio
n in
tere
sts.
Sim
on W
ilmot
film
ed th
e Fi
eld
Sch
ool a
s pa
rt o
f a fo
rthc
omin
g do
cum
enta
ry.
Abs
tract
s
Ove
r Exp
osed
or B
low
n A
way
!... A
rchi
tect
ure
in th
e E
xtre
me
Con
ven
or:
Ala
n C
roker
This
ses
sion
will
expl
ore
the
resp
onse
of t
he b
uilt
envi
ronm
ent t
o ex
trem
e cl
imat
es a
nd e
xtre
me
even
ts s
uch
as c
yclo
nes
and
bush
fires
. Key
is
sues
to b
e ad
dres
sed:
• H
ow d
oes
the
built
env
ironm
ent r
espo
nd to
thes
e ex
trem
es a
nd h
as th
is re
spon
se c
hang
ed o
ver
time?
• W
hat h
as b
een
the
impa
ct o
f the
se c
hang
es o
n th
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
val
ues
of th
e pl
ace
conc
erne
d?
• W
hat c
an w
e le
arn
from
thes
e re
spon
ses?
•H
ow c
an w
e ac
hiev
e be
tter
out
com
es fo
r th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t whi
le re
tain
ing
and
resp
ectin
g ke
y cu
ltura
l her
itage
val
ues?
Glo
bal w
arm
ing,
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd e
xtre
me
wea
ther
eve
nts
will
shap
e th
e fu
ture
of o
ur e
nviro
nmen
t. H
ow c
an w
e as
des
igne
rs,
build
ers,
man
ager
s an
d us
ers
of th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t, pr
epar
e fo
r th
is?
Ext
rem
e b
egin
nin
gs:
th
e e
ffects
of
cyc
lon
es
on
th
e d
eve
lop
men
t of
Inn
isfa
il, F
ar
Nort
h Q
ueen
slan
d
San
di R
obb
and
Rob
Dus
ting
Ab
stra
ct
From
the
ear
liest
day
s of
whi
te s
ettle
men
t in
Far
Nor
th Q
ueen
slan
d, c
yclo
nes
have
sha
ped
the
way
set
tlers
hav
e re
spon
ded
to li
ving
with
de
stru
ctiv
e w
inds
, tor
rent
ial r
ains
, sto
rm s
urge
s, a
nd fl
oodi
ng. T
hese
ext
rem
e ev
ents
hav
e in
flict
ed a
hea
vy to
ll on
the
built
env
ironm
ent a
nd
brou
ght
abou
t st
ruct
ural
cha
nge
in m
any
tow
ns t
o co
unte
r th
e ef
fect
s of
nat
ure.
Thi
s pa
per
expl
ores
the
dev
elop
men
t of
Inni
sfai
l are
a in
an
extr
eme
trop
ical
env
ironm
ent.
By
follo
win
g th
e re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n cy
clon
es a
nd t
he e
volu
tion
of c
onst
ruct
ion
met
hods
a m
ore
endu
ring
built
env
ironm
ent
emer
ged.
In p
artic
ular
the
se s
truc
tura
l cha
nges
hav
e co
me
unde
r sc
rutin
y pr
ovid
ed b
y th
e re
cent
sev
ere
Cyc
lone
Lar
ry.
The
impa
ct o
f des
truc
tion
upon
sig
nific
ant
herit
age
plac
es is
hig
h an
d ap
prop
riate
con
serv
atio
n re
mai
ns a
cha
lleng
e fo
r th
ose
char
ged
with
pr
otec
ting
it.
Bio
gra
phy
This
col
labo
rativ
e pa
per c
o-au
thor
ed b
y R
ob D
ustin
g, F
RA
IA A
rchi
tect
and
San
di R
obb
B.S
oc.S
c(H
ons)
His
toria
n, d
raw
s up
on th
e co
mbi
ned
expe
rienc
es b
oth
auth
ors
have
enj
oyed
in F
ar N
orth
Aus
tral
ia.
Hav
ing
had
an in
tere
st in
bui
lt he
ritag
e fo
r so
me
time,
Rob
con
solid
ated
his
in
tere
st in
con
serv
ing
build
ings
and
tro
pica
l des
ign
afte
r he
mov
ed t
o D
arw
in in
197
5 af
ter
cycl
one
Trac
ey.
From
Dar
win
he
and
his
fam
ily
mov
ed t
o A
dela
ide
whe
re h
e w
orke
d as
a H
erita
ge A
rchi
tect
with
the
Com
mon
wea
lth G
over
nmen
t ad
min
iste
ring
an a
rea
whi
ch in
clud
ed
Sou
th A
ustr
alia
and
the
Nor
ther
n Te
rrito
ry.
Bas
ed in
Tow
nsvi
lle f
or t
he la
st s
even
yea
rs,
Rob
has
bee
n in
volv
ed w
ith t
he c
onse
rvat
ion
of
herit
age
build
ings
for o
ver 2
3 ye
ars
and
has
lived
in th
e tr
opic
s fo
r 17
year
s. S
andi
has
live
d in
the
trop
ics
for t
he la
st 2
2 ye
ars
and
wor
ked
as
a hi
stor
ian
sinc
e th
e en
d of
her
deg
ree
in 2
001.
Enj
oyin
g an
act
ive
inte
rest
in F
ar N
orth
Que
ensl
and
hist
ory,
she
spe
cial
ises
in m
inor
ity g
roup
hi
stor
y an
d cu
ltura
l her
itage
pla
ces
sign
ifica
nt t
o th
ese
sett
lers
. S
andi
and
Rob
hav
e w
orke
d to
geth
er fo
r ov
er t
wo
year
s an
d th
ey a
re b
oth
seni
or h
erita
ge o
ffice
rs fo
r the
EPA
. Bet
wee
n th
em b
oth
Rob
and
San
di h
ave
prac
tical
exp
erie
nce
with
the
effe
cts
of u
p to
8 c
yclo
nes
on th
e na
tura
l and
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t in
Trop
ical
Aus
tral
ia.
Th
e T
imb
er
Ph
oen
ix:
Bu
shfi
res
an
d V
ern
acu
lar
Tim
ber
Bu
ildin
gs
Geo
ff A
shle
y
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
od
uctio
n
Usi
ng th
e B
urra
Cha
rter
to m
ake
deci
sion
s on
how
to c
onse
rve
sign
ifica
nce
in th
e ev
ent o
f the
tota
l des
truc
tion
of h
erita
ge p
lace
s.
Dis
cuss
ion
Bus
hfire
s de
stro
y re
mot
e ve
rnac
ular
tim
ber
build
ings
rou
tinel
y. In
terp
reta
tion
of t
he p
re 1
999
Bur
ra C
hart
er in
the
man
agem
ent
of n
atio
nal
park
s m
eant
that
hut
s to
tally
des
troy
ed lo
st in
bus
hfire
s w
ere
gene
rally
not
rebu
ilt. T
oget
her t
hese
two
situ
atio
ns m
eant
that
this
rare
reso
urce
w
as t
hrea
tene
d. T
he K
osci
uszk
o N
atio
nal P
ark
Hut
s C
onse
rvat
ion
Str
ateg
y, 2
005,
pre
pare
d fo
r th
e N
SW
Dep
artm
ent
of E
nviro
nmen
t an
d C
onse
rvat
ion,
est
ablis
hed
new
met
hodo
logi
es f
or t
he c
onse
rvat
ion
of t
his
natio
nally
im
port
ant
reso
urce
. Th
e m
etho
dolo
gies
pro
vide
for
ex
trem
e ev
ents
suc
h as
bus
hfire
s an
d ar
e fo
unde
d sq
uare
ly o
n th
e co
nnec
tion
betw
een
asso
ciat
ed c
omm
uniti
es a
nd t
he a
maz
ing
cultu
ral
land
scap
es w
ithin
whi
ch th
e hu
ts a
re lo
cate
d.
Co
nclu
sio
n
This
pap
er p
rovi
des
a pr
actic
al e
xam
ple
of h
ow t
he B
urra
Cha
rter
199
9 ca
n be
use
fully
em
ploy
ed t
o m
anag
e th
e co
nser
vatio
n of
her
itage
pl
aces
loca
ted
in lo
catio
ns th
at a
re p
rone
to e
xtre
me
wea
ther
con
ditio
ns a
nd e
vent
s su
ch a
s bu
shfir
es.
Bio
gra
phy
Geo
ff A
shle
y is
a b
uilt
herit
age
spec
ialis
t w
ith o
ver
20 y
ears
exp
erie
nce
wor
king
in b
oth
the
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e se
ctor
s. G
eoff
has
part
icul
ar
inte
rest
s in
rur
al a
nd v
erna
cula
r ar
chite
ctur
e, c
ultu
ral l
ands
cape
ass
esse
men
ts a
nd in
terp
reta
tion.
Geo
ff w
as t
he c
onse
rvat
ion
lead
er f
or
expe
ditio
ns to
Maw
son’
s H
uts
in A
ntar
ctic
a fro
m 1
996
to 1
998.
In 2
005
he le
d th
e G
odde
n M
acka
y Lo
gan
team
in p
repa
ring
the
Kos
cius
zko
Nat
iona
l Par
k H
uts
Con
serv
atio
n S
trat
egy
for
NS
W D
EC
whi
ch w
on a
n aw
ard
in t
he C
MP
cat
egor
y at
the
200
6 E
nerg
y A
ustr
alia
Nat
iona
l Tr
ust H
erita
ge A
war
ds.
2627
Abs
tract
s
Her
itage
Dis
aste
rs a
nd R
isk
Pre
pare
dnes
s (P
art 2
- W
orks
hop)
Con
ven
ors
: R
ob
yn R
idd
ett
an
d D
irk H
R S
pen
nem
an
Tow
ard
s an
In
tegra
ted
Ap
pro
ach
to C
ult
ura
l H
eri
tage D
isast
er
Man
agem
en
t
Rob
yn R
idde
tt
Ab
stra
ct
In A
ustr
alia
the
re a
re d
isas
ter
plan
s fo
r co
mm
uniti
es, p
ublic
bui
ldin
gs, c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
lace
s an
d pe
ople
livi
ng in
dis
aste
r pr
one
area
s al
so
have
a p
erso
nal d
isas
ter
plan
. How
ever
, non
e of
thes
e ar
e ne
cess
ary
co-o
rdin
ated
so
that
they
syn
thes
ize
whe
n re
quire
d. .
In a
dis
aste
r or e
mer
genc
y, th
e in
itial
prio
rity
is to
pro
vide
ass
ista
nce
for h
uman
reco
very
, typ
ical
ly th
e pr
ovis
ion
of fo
od, s
helte
r and
bas
ic n
eeds
. W
hile
thes
e pr
oces
ses
are
bein
g ca
rrie
d ou
t by
prof
essi
onal
resp
onde
rs, l
ittle
att
entio
n is
focu
ssed
on
cultu
ral h
erita
ge a
nd c
onsi
dera
ble
time
usua
lly e
laps
es b
efor
e an
y sp
ecifi
c re
spon
se a
nd r
ecov
ery
activ
ity t
akes
pla
ce.
This
app
roac
h em
anat
es f
rom
the
per
ceiv
ed s
afet
y is
sues
as
per
ceiv
ed b
y pr
ofes
sion
al r
espo
nder
s w
ho a
re in
con
trol
and
who
late
r ha
nd o
ver
the
site
to
othe
rs w
hen
it is
con
side
red
safe
to
do s
o.
How
ever
a ti
mel
y re
spon
se to
dam
aged
bui
ldin
gs, c
olle
ctio
ns o
r mon
umen
ts is
like
ly to
be
criti
cal t
o th
e lo
nger
term
reco
very
– p
reve
ntio
n of
se
cond
ary
dam
age,
loot
ing,
thef
t; sa
lvag
ing
of c
ompo
nent
s fo
r re
habi
litat
ion.
How
can
this
be
achi
eved
?
The
wor
ksho
p ai
ms
to lo
ok a
t be
tter
und
erst
andi
ng o
f res
pons
e an
d re
cove
ry fr
om w
ider
poi
nt-o
f-vi
ew, b
ette
r in
tegr
atio
n of
dis
aste
r pl
ans,
jo
int
trai
ning
opp
ortu
nitie
s, c
apac
ity b
uild
ing,
insu
ranc
e co
vera
ge a
nd a
sses
smen
ts a
nd o
ther
pra
ctic
al a
spec
ts o
f di
sast
er r
espo
nse
and
reco
very
.
Bio
gra
phy
Rob
yn R
idde
tt is
a d
irect
or o
f Ant
hem
ion
Con
sulta
ncie
s an
d ha
s ov
er tw
enty
-five
yea
rs e
xper
ienc
e in
her
itage
con
serv
atio
n. S
he is
a w
idel
y re
spec
ted
arch
itect
ural
his
toria
n an
d in
terio
r de
sign
er w
ith c
onsi
dera
ble
expe
rtis
e in
man
y as
pect
s of
her
itage
con
serv
atio
n, a
dvoc
acy,
site
in
terp
reta
tion
and
the
rest
orat
ion
of h
isto
ric in
terio
rs. A
s a
note
d au
thor
ity o
n ni
nete
enth
cen
tury
inte
riors
Rob
yn h
as b
een
invo
lved
in m
any
of t
he m
ajor
res
tora
tion
proj
ects
on
nine
teen
th c
entu
ry b
uild
ings
in M
elbo
urne
, in
clud
ing
the
Prin
cess
’ an
d A
then
aeum
The
atre
s, t
he A
NZ
Got
hic
Ban
k th
e M
elbo
urne
Tow
n H
all,
and
was
prin
cipa
lly re
spon
sibl
e fo
r the
rest
orat
ion
of th
e in
terio
r of t
he R
oyal
Exh
ibiti
on B
uild
ing.
Man
y pr
ojec
ts in
whi
ch s
he h
as p
laye
d a
key
role
hav
e w
on a
war
ds a
t the
sta
te a
nd n
atio
nal l
evel
.
She
is a
lso
a P
ast P
resi
dent
of A
ustr
alia
ICO
MO
S, i
s S
ecre
tary
-Gen
eral
of t
he IC
OM
OS
Inte
rnat
iona
l Sci
entifi
c C
omm
ittee
on
Ris
k P
repa
redn
ess
(ICO
RP
), an
d te
ache
s in
this
dis
cipl
ine
at D
eaki
n U
nive
rsity
. She
is a
lso
Sec
reta
ry-G
ener
al o
f the
ICO
MO
S S
cien
tific
Cou
ncil.
Rai
nfor
est,
Sav
anna
h an
d R
eef:
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
in th
e Tr
opic
s (P
art 2
)C
on
ven
ors
: S
usa
n M
cIn
tyre
-Tam
woy
an
d M
au
reen
Fu
ary
Lash
ed
, S
lam
med
, To
rn, an
d B
att
ere
d: C
yclo
ne M
on
ica a
nd
th
e s
ub
seq
uen
t im
pacts
on
In
dig
en
ou
s R
ock A
rt
in A
rnh
em
lan
d,
Nort
hern
Terr
itory
Dar
yl G
use,
Ric
hard
Woo
lfe a
nd J
acob
Nay
ingg
ul
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er w
ill ou
tline
a s
erie
s of
eve
nts
aris
ing
from
a n
atur
al d
isas
ter t
hat c
ombi
ned
to e
vent
uate
in th
e re
gret
tabl
e de
stru
ctio
n of
a re
know
n an
d cu
ltura
lly s
igni
fican
t ro
ck a
rt s
ite n
ear
the
smal
l Arn
hem
land
com
mun
ity o
f K
unba
rllan
jnja
with
in t
he A
rnhe
mla
nd A
borig
inal
Lan
d Tr
ust
(just
25k
m e
ast
of t
he K
akad
u N
atio
nal P
ark
bord
er).
The
natu
ral d
isas
ter
bega
n w
hen
Cyc
lone
Mon
ica
cros
sed
thro
ugh
the
Arn
hem
land
la
ndsc
ape
in A
pril
2007
. Thi
s ca
tego
ry 5
cyc
lone
left
a sw
athe
of d
estr
uctio
n th
roug
h th
e sa
vann
ah e
nviro
nmen
t tha
t no
man
agem
ent p
lan
or
rese
arch
er c
ould
hav
e an
ticip
ated
. Sub
sequ
ent
to t
he c
yclo
ne t
hrou
gh a
ser
ies
of fa
ilure
s to
act
and
hee
d nu
mer
ous
war
ning
s, t
he r
ock
art
site
was
des
troy
ed s
ome
six
mon
ths
late
r w
hen
the
exce
ssiv
e (c
yclo
ne c
ontr
ibut
ed) f
uel l
oad
was
bur
nt.
Giv
en t
he e
xten
t an
d si
gnifi
canc
e of
the
roc
k ar
t pr
ovin
ce,
mos
t w
ould
ass
ume
that
ade
quat
e co
ntro
ls,
proc
edur
es,
and
plan
s m
ay h
ave
been
put
in p
lace
to
man
age
the
cultu
ral r
esou
rce.
How
ever
, thi
s is
not
nec
essa
rily
the
case
; a m
anag
emen
t pla
n ex
ists
for s
ome
site
s w
ithin
Kak
adu,
whi
le th
e re
st a
re le
ft to
th
e va
garie
s of
cha
nce.
The
Kun
barll
anjn
ja ro
ck a
rt s
ite e
xam
ple
was
a c
ase
in p
oint
. The
rock
art
site
was
des
troy
ed th
roug
h th
e ac
tions
of
wor
kers
follo
win
g th
e im
pact
s of
cyc
lone
Mon
ica.
The
cyc
lone
kno
cked
dow
n be
twee
n 20
% a
nd 5
0% o
f the
tre
es in
its
path
. Som
e of
the
de
ad tr
ees
and
asso
ciat
ed fu
el lo
ad w
ere
grad
ed in
to th
e ro
ck a
rt c
ompl
ex (t
he s
ite is
clo
se to
the
mai
n ro
ad to
Kun
barll
anjn
ja).
Sub
sequ
ently
, ot
her
wor
kers
wer
e re
quire
d to
rem
ove
the
debr
is f
rom
the
she
lters
. U
naw
are
of t
he s
igni
fican
ce o
f th
e sh
elte
rs,
inac
tion
resu
lted
in a
n un
cont
rolle
d bu
rn o
ff of
the
fuel
load
. The
san
dsto
ne ro
ck o
f the
esc
arpm
ent h
olds
sig
nific
ant a
mou
nts
of w
ater
afte
r eac
h w
et. T
he e
ffect
of
heat
on
the
rock
is th
eref
ore
to e
xpan
d th
e w
ater
cau
sing
del
amin
atio
n of
the
surfa
ce a
nd d
estr
uctio
n of
the
art.
It is
impo
rtan
t to
exam
ine
the
Kun
barll
anjn
ja c
ase
stud
y to
hig
hlig
ht th
e vu
lner
abilit
y of
thes
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
site
s to
bot
h na
tura
l eve
nts
and
hum
an e
rror
. The
pub
lic p
erce
ptio
n is
that
rock
art
has
sur
vive
d ‘te
ns o
f tho
usan
ds o
f yea
rs’ a
nd s
houl
d la
st te
ns o
f tho
usan
ds o
f yea
rs in
to
the
futu
re. C
yclo
ne M
onic
a sh
ould
sha
ke u
s ou
t of t
his
com
plac
ency
to s
ee th
at th
e ro
ck a
rt re
cord
is a
s vu
lner
able
to e
xtre
me
clim
atic
eve
nts
and
natu
ral d
isas
ters
as
a w
eath
erbo
ard
herit
age
build
ing.
It is
als
o es
sent
ial t
o de
velo
p st
rate
gies
that
will
prev
ent a
nd le
ssen
the
impa
ct o
f th
e po
st c
yclo
ne c
lean
-up
on ro
ck a
rt s
ites.
The
Com
mon
wea
lth a
nd T
errit
ory
auth
oriti
es n
eed
to re
view
thei
r pos
t cyc
lone
pla
ns to
min
imis
e th
e ris
k to
thes
e si
tes,
hop
eful
ly e
nhan
cing
the
surv
ival
of t
he ro
ck a
rt re
cord
into
the
futu
re.
Abs
tract
s
Bio
gra
phy
Dar
yl a
nd R
icha
rd h
ave
man
y ye
ars
expe
rienc
e in
Ind
igen
ous
arch
aeol
ogy
and
cultu
ral
herit
age
man
agem
ent
in t
he N
orth
ern
Terr
itory
, es
peci
ally
in A
rnhe
m L
and
and
Kak
adu.
Mos
t rec
ently
they
hav
e ac
com
plis
hed
a nu
mbe
r of
cul
tura
l her
itage
ass
essm
ents
in A
rnhe
m L
and,
W
este
rn A
ustr
alia
, an
d Q
ueen
slan
d th
roug
h E
arth
Sea
Her
itage
Sur
veys
. P
revi
ous
expe
rienc
e in
clud
es w
orki
ng f
or t
he N
orth
ern
Terr
itory
G
over
nmen
t and
Lan
d C
ounc
ils w
hich
incl
udes
ant
hrop
olog
ical
rese
arch
, com
mun
ity c
onsu
ltatio
n, a
nd h
erita
ge a
sses
smen
ts.
Man
agin
g u
nd
erw
ate
r cu
ltu
ral h
eri
tage:
A c
ase
stu
dy
of
the S
S Y
on
gala
And
rew
Vid
uka
Ab
stra
ct
In J
une
1981
the
SS
Yon
gala
was
gaz
ette
d as
an
hist
oric
shi
pwre
ck u
nder
Sec
tion
5 of
the
Com
mon
wea
lth H
isto
ric S
hipw
reck
s A
ct 1
976.
Th
e Q
ueen
slan
d M
useu
m,
as s
tate
del
egat
e to
the
Act
, m
anag
es t
he Y
onga
la s
ite.
Toda
y, t
he Y
onga
la is
one
of
Aus
tral
ia’s
mos
t po
pula
r w
reck
div
ing
expe
rienc
es. I
t is
for d
iver
s, th
e m
ost p
opul
ar p
rote
cted
his
toric
shi
pwre
ck. I
n th
e 20
02-2
005
perio
ds a
n av
erag
e of
777
4 di
vers
pe
r an
num
had
bee
n to
the
site
. A
ssoc
iate
d w
ith Y
onga
la’s
hig
h le
vel o
f di
ve t
ouris
m,
part
icul
arly
thr
ough
the
yea
rs 1
981-
2001
, da
mag
e oc
curr
ed t
o th
e w
reck
’s fa
bric
, cor
al a
nd c
oncr
etio
ns, p
rimar
ily fr
om c
hart
er b
oat
anch
ors.
Due
to
the
site
’s c
ultu
ral s
igni
fican
ce, a
ser
ies
of
step
s w
ere
take
n to
min
imis
e hu
man
dam
age
thro
ugh
activ
ities
suc
h as
pen
etra
tion
divi
ng a
nd a
ncho
ring
near
the
site
. Th
is p
aper
look
s at
th
e hi
stor
y of
Yon
gala
site
man
agem
ent,
the
curr
ent c
ondi
tion
of th
e w
reck
and
the
futu
re o
ptio
ns to
con
serv
e th
e w
reck
and
its
asso
ciat
ed
mat
eria
l ass
embl
age.
Bio
gra
phy
And
rew
Vid
uka.
Em
ploy
ed a
t the
Mus
eum
of T
ropi
cal Q
ueen
slan
d (M
TQ) a
s co
nser
vato
r, ac
ting
hist
oric
shi
pwre
cks
offic
er a
nd s
ite m
anag
er
for t
he S
S Y
onga
la. I
n 19
99 A
ndre
w e
stab
lishe
d M
TQ’s
con
serv
atio
n la
bora
tory
and
has
sin
ce w
orke
d on
mat
eria
l fro
m H
MS
Pan
dora
, HM
AV
Bou
nty
and
SS
Yon
gala
. In
volv
ed in
arc
haeo
logy
sin
ce th
e m
id 8
0’s,
he
is c
urre
ntly
und
erta
king
pos
tgra
duat
e st
udie
s in
mar
itim
e ar
chae
olog
y an
d ha
s un
derg
radu
ate
degr
ees
in h
isto
ry,
mat
eria
ls c
onse
rvat
ion
and
a po
stgr
adua
te q
ualifi
catio
n in
man
agem
ent.
And
rew
has
wor
ked
in
Aus
tral
ia, C
ypru
s, G
reec
e, E
ngla
nd, D
enm
ark,
Sau
di A
rabi
a, M
icro
nesi
a an
d A
ntar
ctic
a an
d w
as a
reci
pien
t of a
Chu
rchi
ll Fe
llow
ship
in 2
002
to s
tudy
the
con
serv
atio
n of
wet
org
anic
arc
haeo
logi
cal a
rtef
acts
. H
untin
g m
agic
, m
aint
enan
ce c
erem
onie
s an
d in
crea
se s
ites
expl
orin
g tr
aditi
onal
man
agem
ent s
yste
ms
for
mar
ine
reso
urce
s al
ong
the
trop
ical
nor
th Q
ueen
slan
d co
astli
ne.
Hu
nti
ng M
agic
, M
ain
ten
an
ce C
ere
mon
ies
an
d I
ncre
ase
Sit
es
Exp
lori
ng T
rad
itio
nal M
an
agem
en
t S
yste
ms
for
Mari
ne R
eso
urc
es
Alo
ng t
he T
rop
ical N
ort
h Q
ueen
slan
d C
oast
line
Sus
an M
cint
yre-
Tam
woy
Ab
stra
ct
Ofte
n w
hen
we
hear
of
Indi
geno
us e
nviro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t te
chni
ques
the
foc
us is
on
man
agem
ent
‘pra
ctic
es’
e.g
mos
aic
burn
ing,
ra
ther
than
‘sys
tem
s’. W
hile
not
den
ying
that
som
e pr
actic
es m
ay b
e us
eful
alte
rnat
ives
to o
ther
sci
entifi
c or
cos
t effe
ctiv
e la
nd m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es t
he q
uest
ion
need
s to
be
aske
d: h
ow e
ffect
ive
can
thes
e be
in
ecos
yste
m m
anag
emen
t if
adop
ted
in i
sola
tion
of t
he o
ther
co
mpo
nent
s of
Indi
geno
us m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
s?
Line
s (2
006)
has
cha
lleng
ed t
he e
ffica
cy o
f Ind
igen
ous
man
agem
ent
syst
ems
and
ques
tione
d th
eir
sust
aina
bilit
y bu
t do
we
unde
rsta
nd t
he
com
plex
ity o
f suc
h sy
stem
s? W
hat
happ
ens
to t
hem
whe
n ke
y el
emen
ts a
re d
isco
ntin
ued,
lost
or
dest
roye
d? P
erha
ps if
we,
in p
artn
ersh
ip
with
Abo
rigin
al c
omm
uniti
es,
expl
ore
the
chan
ges
to s
uch
syst
ems
over
tim
e w
e ca
n be
gin
to u
nder
stan
d th
e co
nseq
uenc
es o
f th
ese
chan
ges
and
the
impl
icat
ions
for
long
term
spe
cies
and
eco
syst
em m
anag
emen
t.
This
pap
er o
utlin
es a
cur
rent
pro
ject
, a
wor
k in
pro
gres
s, w
hich
see
ks t
o ex
plor
e on
e su
ch in
dige
nous
sys
tem
thr
ough
the
inve
stig
atio
n of
ke
y ar
chae
olog
ical
site
s. A
t the
tim
e w
hen
Eur
opea
n’s
wer
e fir
st re
cord
ing
obse
rvat
ions
alo
ng th
e C
ape
York
Pen
insu
la c
oast
line,
Abo
rigin
al
and
thei
r To
rres
Str
ait
Isla
nder
nei
ghbo
urs
wer
e hu
ntin
g an
d co
nsum
ing
turt
le a
nd d
ugon
g in
num
bers
gre
at e
noug
h to
be
rem
arke
d on
. S
ites
com
pris
ing
heap
ed t
urtle
and
dug
ong
bone
s w
ere
note
d an
d in
som
e ca
ses
sket
ched
. P
opul
atio
ns o
f bo
th a
nim
als
wer
e ho
wev
er
extr
emel
y he
alth
y, t
he s
ize
of h
erds
of
dugo
ng a
nd t
he p
rolif
erat
ion
of t
urtle
als
o re
mar
ked
on.
Was
thi
s ju
st s
ome
kind
of
coin
cide
nce
as
som
e en
viro
nmen
talis
ts a
nd s
cien
tists
sug
gest
? O
r w
as t
here
a s
yste
m in
pla
ce t
hat
activ
ely
cont
ribut
ed t
o th
e su
stai
nabi
lity
of t
he h
arve
st
of th
is re
sour
ce?
Bio
gra
phy
Dr S
usan
McI
ntyr
e-Ta
mw
oy h
as w
orke
d in
bot
h pu
blic
and
priv
ate
prac
tice
in In
dige
nous
and
non
indi
geno
us h
erita
ge. W
ith fo
rmal
qua
lifica
tions
in
arc
haeo
logy
, ant
hrop
olog
y an
d he
ritag
e co
nser
vatio
n, s
he is
cur
rent
ly e
mpl
oyed
as
a R
esea
rch
Fello
w a
t Jam
es C
ook
Uni
vers
ity, u
nder
taki
ng
rese
arch
into
Indi
geno
us p
ast a
nd c
urre
nt u
se o
f mar
ine
and
coas
tal e
nviro
nmen
ts. T
hrou
gh h
er w
ork
she
has
deve
lope
d st
rong
per
sona
l and
pr
ofes
sion
al ti
es w
ith A
borig
inal
and
Isla
nder
com
mun
ities
in C
ape
York
, the
Tor
res
Str
ait a
nd N
SW
.
Pre
viou
sly
she
wor
ked
as a
con
sulta
nt a
nd a
s a
Sen
ior
Man
ager
, Cul
tura
l Her
itage
in th
e N
SW
pub
lic s
ecto
r an
d se
rved
for
seve
ral y
ears
on
the
NS
W H
erita
ge C
ounc
il.
Sus
an is
a m
embe
r of
AIC
OM
OS
, Pre
side
nt o
f the
Aus
tral
ian
Ass
ocia
tion
of C
onsu
lting
Arc
haeo
logi
sts,
mem
ber
of th
e A
ustr
alas
ian
Soc
iety
fo
r H
isto
rical
Arc
haeo
logy
, th
e A
ustr
alia
n A
nthr
opol
ogic
al S
ocie
ty,
the
Aus
tral
ian
Arc
haeo
logi
cal A
ssoc
iatio
n an
d th
e S
ocie
ty f
or H
isto
rical
A
rcha
eolo
gy (U
S).
2829
Abs
tract
s
Ext
rem
e E
xper
ienc
es in
Cul
tura
l Tou
rism
and
Inte
rpre
tatio
n (P
art 2
)C
on
ven
or:
Gord
on
Gri
mw
ad
e
Wh
en
We W
ors
hip
ed
th
e D
evi
l
R.W
. (B
ill) C
arte
r an
d A
nne
Ros
s
Ab
stra
ct
Des
pite
inhe
rent
rem
oten
ess
and
rece
nt c
ivil
unre
st, t
he S
olom
on Is
land
s ha
s no
t be
en im
mun
e fro
m g
loba
lisat
ion
forc
es. W
ith t
heir
hist
ory
of c
olon
ialis
m, i
n al
l its
form
s, re
mot
e S
olom
on Is
land
er c
omm
uniti
es a
re v
ulne
rabl
e to
cul
tura
l shi
fts a
nd c
hang
e in
the
sign
ifica
nce
attr
ibut
ed
to c
ultu
ral e
xpre
ssio
ns,
herit
age
site
s an
d ar
tefa
cts.
The
res
ult
has
been
a d
ecre
ase
in c
ultu
ral v
alue
att
ribut
ed t
o he
ritag
e ite
ms
that
may
w
ell
be d
etrim
enta
l to
the
ir lo
ng-t
erm
ret
entio
n in
-situ
. In
the
con
text
his
tory
and
con
tem
pora
ry s
ubsi
sten
ce n
eeds
, th
is p
aper
exp
lore
s th
e (p
ossi
ble)
sup
erfic
ial c
hang
e in
cul
ture
and
app
aren
t di
smis
sive
att
itude
tow
ards
her
itage
item
s in
Mar
ovo
Lago
on.
In t
he a
bsen
ce o
f a
herit
age
prot
ectio
n pr
ogra
m a
nd a
n ap
pare
nt la
ck o
f com
mun
ity c
once
rn fo
r he
ritag
e lo
ss, t
he p
aper
con
side
rs t
he r
ole
of t
ouris
m in
giv
ing
valu
e to
her
itage
pla
ces
and
arte
fact
s as
an
inte
rim s
trat
egy
to o
verc
ome
the
‘cul
tura
l crin
ge’
and
indi
ffere
nt a
ttitu
de t
o an
ext
rem
e an
d an
in
here
ntly
fasc
inat
ing
soci
o-cu
ltura
l sys
tem
.
Bio
gra
phy
RW
(Bill)
Car
ter
is A
ssoc
Pro
f fo
r S
usta
inab
ility
educ
atio
n at
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f th
e S
unsh
ine
Coa
st a
nd d
irect
or f
or t
he U
nive
rsity
’s r
esea
rch
and
lear
ning
pro
gram
on
Fras
er Is
land
P
revi
ousl
y he
was
res
pons
ible
for
envi
ronm
enta
l tou
rism
at
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f Que
ensl
and.
Bef
ore
his
acad
emic
car
eer,
B il
l wor
ked
in Q
ueen
slan
d pa
rks,
not
ably
Bris
bane
For
est P
ark,
bef
ore
cons
ultin
g in
the
area
s of
tour
ism
and
con
serv
atio
n pl
anni
ng. B
ill is
co-
edito
r of t
he A
ustr
alas
ian
Jour
nal o
f Env
ironm
enta
l Man
agem
ent.
His
prin
cipa
l res
earc
h in
tere
st li
es in
the
cultu
ral i
mpa
cts
of to
uris
m.
Ann
e R
oss
is s
enio
r le
ctur
er in
cul
tura
l her
itage
man
agem
ent
at t
he U
nive
rsity
of Q
ueen
slan
d. P
rior
to jo
inin
g U
Q in
199
3, A
nnie
wor
ked
for
the
NS
W a
nd Q
ueen
slan
d go
vern
men
ts a
s a
cultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anag
er.
Her
prin
cipa
l res
earc
h in
tere
sts
are
in In
dige
nous
kno
wle
dge
and
man
agem
ent o
f nat
ural
reso
urce
s.
‘Sh
oes
an
d s
hip
s an
d s
ealin
g w
ax
an
d c
ab
bages
an
d k
ings’
: fr
om
tra
dit
ion
to t
ech
nolo
gy
in h
eri
tage
inte
rpre
tati
on
Jane
Har
ringt
on
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er lo
oks
at c
ultu
ral t
ouris
m e
xper
ienc
es in
tw
o hi
stor
ic la
ndsc
apes
. Th
e tw
o la
ndsc
apes
rep
rese
nt ‘
extr
eme’
his
torie
s in
div
erge
nt
plac
es:
the
Por
t A
rthu
r H
isto
ric S
ite in
Tas
man
ia a
s a
land
scap
e of
pun
ishm
ent
and
pena
l reh
abilit
atio
n, t
he W
orld
Her
itage
list
ed a
ncie
nt
city
of A
yutt
haya
in T
haila
nd a
s a
land
scap
e de
stro
yed
by B
urm
ese
inva
sion
in t
he 1
8th
cent
ury.
In b
oth
plac
es,
cont
empo
rary
voi
ces
and
trad
ition
al p
ract
ices
hav
e be
en r
eint
rodu
ced
thro
ugh
devi
ces
that
act
to
enha
nce
the
cultu
ral t
ouris
m e
xper
ienc
e. T
he t
wo
appr
oach
es a
re
them
selv
es a
t ex
trem
es –
one
rel
ies
exte
nsiv
ely
on m
oder
n ar
t an
d te
chno
logy
, th
e ot
her
on a
con
tinue
d an
d en
durin
g tr
aditi
onal
pra
ctic
e.
Juxt
apos
ed, t
hey
prov
ide
an in
spira
tiona
l ins
ight
into
the
way
‘liv
ing’
sto
ries
can
enha
nce
our
enga
gem
ent w
ith h
erita
ge p
lace
s.
Bio
gra
phy
Jane
Har
ringt
on h
as w
orke
d in
cul
tura
l her
itage
for
mor
e th
an 1
0 ye
ars,
bui
ldin
g on
a p
rior
deca
de o
f exp
erie
nce
in p
rofe
ssio
nal r
oles
in th
e co
rpor
ate
sect
or,
natu
ral c
onse
rvat
ion
and
publ
ishi
ng.
Her
her
itage
exp
erie
nce
cros
ses
the
gove
rnm
ent,
acad
emic
and
con
sulti
ng s
ecto
rs,
and
has
exte
nded
acr
oss
each
of
Vic
toria
, Q
ueen
slan
d, N
SW
and
Tas
man
ia.
Her
PhD
res
earc
h an
d su
bseq
uent
exp
erie
nce
has
incl
uded
pa
rtic
ular
inte
rest
s in
com
mun
ity a
nd in
tang
ible
her
itage
, soc
ial v
alue
, cul
tura
l lan
dsca
pes,
wor
ld h
erita
ge, a
nd th
e cl
ose
conn
ectio
n w
ith th
e na
tura
l wor
ld, a
nd h
as in
volv
ed p
roje
cts
in A
ustr
alia
, Tha
iland
and
Eng
land
. Jan
e is
cur
rent
ly t
he D
irect
or o
f Con
serv
atio
n an
d In
frast
ruct
ure
at th
e P
ort A
rthu
r H
isto
ric S
ite in
Tas
man
ia.
Abs
tract
s
Her
itage
, Ide
ntity
, C
onfli
ct a
nd H
uman
Rig
hts
Par
t 1: H
erita
ge a
nd C
onfli
ct in
Eur
ope.
Con
ven
ors
: W
illia
m L
ogan
an
d T
racy
Irela
nd
Vio
lent
ly c
onte
sted
her
itage
site
s an
d cu
ltura
l pra
ctic
es a
boun
d th
e w
orld
ove
r. G
over
nmen
ts a
nd c
omm
uniti
es to
o fre
quen
tly d
estr
oy
them
onum
ents
and
trad
ition
al p
ract
ices
of o
ther
peo
ples
, mak
ing
the
prot
ectio
n of
cul
tura
l her
itage
one
of t
he m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t co
mpo
nent
sof t
he h
uman
rig
hts
agen
da to
day.
The
pro
tect
ion
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge u
nder
pins
arg
umen
ts in
favo
ur o
f mai
ntai
ning
cul
tura
l di
vers
ity a
nd is
link
ed to
cul
tura
l rig
hts
as a
form
of h
uman
rig
hts.
In m
any
coun
trie
s th
is li
nkag
e is
not
cle
arly
reco
gnis
ed b
y cu
ltura
l her
itage
pr
actit
ione
rsw
ho v
iew
thei
r w
ork
as m
erel
y te
chni
cal,
or e
ven
by h
uman
rig
hts
wor
kers
, des
pite
the
abun
danc
e of
opp
ortu
nitie
s ar
ound
the
wor
ld to
witn
ess
peop
le s
trug
glin
g to
ass
ert t
heir
cultu
ral r
ight
s in
ord
er to
pro
tect
thei
r he
ritag
e an
d id
entit
y. T
his
sess
ion
will
deve
lop
alon
g tw
o th
emes
:
• ex
plor
ing
the
links
bet
wee
n he
ritag
e co
nser
vatio
n, c
ultu
ral r
ight
s an
d hu
man
rig
hts,
and
• ex
plor
ing
the
prof
essi
onal
cha
lleng
es in
volv
ed in
und
erst
andi
ng a
nd c
onse
rvin
g th
ese
cont
este
d he
ritag
es.H
erita
ge d
isco
urse
s ar
e m
obilis
ed b
y co
mm
uniti
es to
revi
talis
e cu
ltura
l ide
ntiti
es, e
spec
ially
as
they
em
erge
from
per
iods
of c
onfli
ct a
nd s
trug
gle.
Her
itage
pr
actit
ione
rs m
ay b
ecom
e co
mpl
icit
in ‘d
isre
mem
berin
g’ d
ifficu
lt le
gaci
es a
nd fo
cusi
ng o
n co
nsen
sual
or
‘pol
itica
lly c
orre
ct’ i
nter
pret
atio
ns.
In s
ituat
ions
tens
e w
ith th
e em
otio
nal i
mpl
icat
ions
of c
urre
nt o
r re
cent
con
flict
s, h
ow h
ave
prac
titio
ners
dea
lt w
ith th
e la
yere
d an
d co
ntes
ted
valu
es o
f pla
ces
cent
ral t
o su
stai
ning
cul
tura
l ide
ntiti
es u
nder
thre
at?
Cu
ltu
re,
Heri
tage a
nd
Id
en
tity
Mar
ie-T
here
s A
lber
t
Ab
stra
ct
The
dest
ruct
ion
of c
ultu
res
by m
eans
of d
estr
oyin
g th
eir m
ater
ial a
nd im
mat
eria
l ass
ets
has
been
par
t of h
isto
rical
pro
cess
es th
roug
hout
man
y sy
stem
s an
d ge
nera
tions
and
reac
hes
wel
l int
o th
e pr
esen
t. In
deed
it c
an b
e co
nclu
ded
that
the
dest
ruct
ion
of h
erita
ge a
ims
at th
e de
stru
ctio
n of
ide
ntity
. D
estr
oyin
g he
ritag
e gi
ves
new
pol
itica
l sy
stem
s en
ough
roo
m t
o es
tabl
ish
thei
r ne
w i
deol
ogy
with
out
the
burd
en o
f pr
evio
us
ones
. We
know
this
str
ateg
y fro
m fo
rmer
tim
es, m
ost d
efini
tely
from
the
era
of c
olon
ialis
m, a
nd it
has
mad
e its
way
to th
e pr
esen
t, th
e ‘h
ere
and
now
’. Th
us w
e ha
ve t
o no
te t
hat,
hist
oric
ally,
att
empt
s to
sec
ure
pow
er h
ave
usua
lly g
one
hand
-in-h
and
with
sev
erin
g pe
ople
’s r
oots
. E
xam
ples
can
and
will
be s
how
n w
orld
-wid
e. S
uch
dest
ruct
ion
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge h
as b
een
a re
ason
why
the
Con
vent
ion
for
the
Pro
tect
ion
of o
ur C
ultu
ral a
nd N
atur
al H
erita
ge w
as a
dopt
ed in
197
2. T
here
fore
the
Con
vent
ion
itsel
f can
be
inte
rpre
ted
as a
tool
for t
he p
rote
ctio
n of
the
iden
tity
of p
eopl
es, b
e it
thei
r pe
rson
al, c
ultu
ral o
r na
tiona
l ide
ntity
. Cul
ture
and
cul
tura
l her
itage
are
crit
ical
for
the
crea
tion
and
mai
nten
ance
of
iden
tity
- a
fact
that
has
to b
e em
phas
ized
as
a ch
alle
nge
for
mod
ern
educ
atio
nal p
roce
sses
.
Bio
gra
phy
Pro
f. D
r. ph
il. h
abil.
Mar
ie-T
here
s A
lber
t ho
lds
the
chai
r of
Inte
rcul
tura
l Stu
dies
at
the
Bra
nden
burg
Uni
vers
ity o
f Te
chno
logy
Cot
tbus
sin
ce
1994
. Sin
ce 2
003
she
is a
lso
chai
r hol
der o
f the
UN
ES
CO
Cha
ir in
Her
itage
Stu
dies
. She
was
invo
lved
in a
wid
e ra
nge
of a
ctiv
ities
in re
sear
ch
and
educ
atio
n on
the
topi
cs o
f int
ercu
ltura
l stu
dies
and
on
issu
es o
f Wor
ld H
erita
ge. S
he c
arrie
d ou
t con
sulta
tion
and
proj
ect w
ork
in s
ever
al
Eur
opea
n, L
atin
Am
eric
an a
nd A
sian
cou
ntrie
s. A
s he
ad o
f the
cha
ir of
Inte
rcul
tura
l Stu
dies
, she
real
izes
rese
arch
and
aca
dem
ic p
artn
ersh
ip
proj
ects
cov
erin
g th
e w
hole
ran
ge o
f thi
s sc
ient
ific
disc
iplin
e.
‘Ou
r Tr
ou
sers
Were
Lik
e a
Map
of
Eu
rop
e T
hey
Had
so M
an
y P
atc
hes’
- In
vest
igati
ng H
eri
tage a
nd
Id
en
tity
in
th
e L
an
dsc
ap
e o
f 2
0th
Cen
tury
in
Cyp
rus
Trac
y Ire
land
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er e
xplo
res
the
prof
essi
onal
cha
lleng
es in
volv
ed in
inve
stig
atin
g he
ritag
e an
d id
entit
y in
the
land
scap
e of
the
Sol
ea V
alle
y, in
the
fo
othi
lls o
f C
ypru
s’ c
oppe
r ric
h Tr
oodo
s M
ount
ains
. H
ard
up a
gain
st t
he g
reen
line
, th
e U
N c
ontr
olle
d bu
ffer
zone
bet
wee
n th
e G
reek
and
Tu
rkis
h co
mm
uniti
es e
stab
lishe
d in
196
4, t
he r
ealit
ies
of c
ontin
uing
milit
ary
confl
ict
shap
ed e
very
asp
ect
of o
ur r
esea
rch
in t
his
regi
on: f
rom
re
sear
ch p
erm
its a
nd a
ctiv
ity b
ound
arie
s, to
the
ongo
ing
dest
ruct
ion
of a
spec
ts o
f the
rece
nt h
isto
ric la
ndsc
ape.
This
is a
land
scap
e sh
aped
by
anci
ent
indu
stry
and
tra
de,
Ott
oman
agr
icul
ture
and
Brit
ish
‘impe
rial m
oder
nisa
tion’
, pr
ior
to t
he d
isas
trou
s ef
fect
s of
the
inte
rcom
mun
al c
onfli
cts
of th
e 20
th c
entu
ry. A
focu
s fo
r dis
cuss
ion
here
is th
e tin
y se
ttle
men
t of M
andr
es, t
he ru
ined
rem
ains
of a
tr
ansh
uman
ce s
ettle
men
t in
use
from
the
18th
to th
e 20
th c
entu
ry. T
he h
isto
ry o
f thi
s pl
ace,
and
its
rela
tions
hip
to s
urro
undi
ng la
ndsc
ape
and
com
mun
ities
, pro
vide
s, in
mic
roco
sm, a
n ex
ampl
e of
how
rura
l Cyp
riots
neg
otia
ted
iden
tity a
nd so
cial
rela
tions
hips
with
in th
e im
pact
of c
olon
ialis
m,
natio
nalis
m a
nd t
he u
ncea
sing
tid
e of
mod
erni
ty a
nd g
loba
lisat
ion.
Ora
l his
tory
and
com
mun
ity b
ased
res
earc
h pr
ovid
ed t
he fo
unda
tion
for
thes
e in
terp
reta
tions
and
als
o hi
ghlig
hted
how
dis
cour
ses
of h
erita
ge a
re c
onst
ruct
ed a
roun
d se
lect
ed a
spec
ts o
f the
his
toric
cul
tura
l land
scap
e
Bio
gra
phy
Trac
y Ire
land
is a
n ar
chae
olog
ist a
nd h
erita
ge c
onsu
ltant
bas
ed in
Can
berr
a. S
he is
a p
ast a
rcha
eolo
gist
for t
he N
SW
Her
itage
Cou
ncil
and
has
lect
ured
in a
rcha
eolo
gy a
nd h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t at t
he U
nive
rstie
s of
Syd
ney
and
Can
berr
a. T
racy
has
pub
lishe
d on
his
toric
al a
rcha
eolo
gy
and
natio
nalis
m, s
ocia
l val
ue, l
ands
cape
arc
haeo
logy
and
the
soci
o po
litic
s of
her
itage
man
agem
ent.
3031
Abs
tract
s
Man
agin
g H
eri
tage in
th
e W
ake o
f W
ar
an
d C
on
flic
t in
Cyp
rus
Sus
an B
alde
rsto
ne
Ab
stra
ct
In th
e w
ake
of a
Gre
ece-
insp
ired
coup
aga
inst
the
Gre
ek C
yprio
t Pre
side
nt o
f Cyp
rus
in 1
974,
the
Turk
ish
milit
ary
occu
pied
the
nort
hern
third
of
the
isla
nd a
nd c
ontin
ues
to d
o so
. Eth
nic
com
mun
ities
are
stil
l sep
arat
ed: G
reek
Cyp
riots
mov
ed to
the
sout
h an
d Tu
rkis
h C
yprio
ts to
the
nort
h. T
his
pape
r co
vers
issu
es r
aise
d by
the
bi-c
omm
unal
con
serv
atio
n pr
ojec
ts r
esul
ting
from
the
Eur
opea
n U
nion
’s P
artn
ersh
ip f
or t
he
Futu
re P
rogr
amm
e be
ing
impl
emen
ted
by th
e U
nite
d N
atio
ns D
evel
opm
ent P
rogr
amm
e.
The
proj
ects
requ
ire c
o-op
erat
ion
betw
een
mut
ually
dis
trus
tful,
fear
ful a
nd d
isda
infu
l com
mun
ities
for t
he s
ake
of c
omm
on o
bjec
tives
– s
ocia
l an
d ec
onom
ic w
ellb
eing
. Cyp
rus
has
appa
rent
ly o
pted
for c
onfli
ct m
anag
emen
t rat
her t
han
reso
lutio
n, w
ith b
oth
side
s fo
cuse
d on
ach
ievi
ng
pros
perit
y. H
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion
has
beco
me
a to
ol f
or p
eace
ful c
o-ex
iste
nce
and
mut
ual p
ride.
Ini
tially
the
pro
ject
s in
volv
ed p
lace
s of
sh
ared
her
itage
rath
er th
an p
lace
s re
info
rcin
g th
e se
para
te c
ultu
ral i
dent
ities
of t
he c
omm
uniti
es. L
oss
of c
ultu
ral i
dent
ity is
a c
once
rn o
f bot
h co
mm
uniti
es.
Ong
oing
ope
ratio
nal i
ssue
s de
rive
from
the
ille
galit
y of
the
Tur
kish
gov
ernm
ent
in t
he n
orth
and
the
rep
ercu
ssio
ns o
f th
is f
or
inte
rnat
iona
l aid
.
The
pape
r w
ill co
ntrib
ute
to t
he c
onfe
renc
e th
eme
by e
xplo
ring
the
prof
essi
onal
cha
lleng
es r
elat
ed t
o th
ese
issu
es a
nd t
heir
poss
ible
re
solu
tion.
Bio
gra
phy
Sus
an B
alde
rsto
ne is
an
Aus
tral
ian
cons
erva
tion
arch
itect
res
iden
t pa
rt t
ime
in C
yrpu
s. S
he is
an
Adj
unct
Pro
fess
or in
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
at
Dea
kin
Uni
vers
ity, M
elbo
urne
and
was
form
erly
Ass
ista
nt D
irect
or a
t Her
itage
Vic
toria
in M
elbo
urne
. She
has
wor
ked
on A
ustr
alia
n A
id fu
nded
co
nser
vatio
n an
d re
sear
ch p
roje
cts
in C
hina
and
Vie
tnam
and
arc
haeo
logi
cal p
roje
cts
in t
he M
iddl
e E
ast.
She
has
rec
eive
d a
num
ber
of
awar
ds fo
r co
nser
vatio
n an
d is
a L
ife F
ello
w o
f the
Roy
al A
ustr
alia
n In
stitu
te o
f Arc
hite
cts.
Her
wor
k ha
s be
en p
ublis
hed
in v
ario
us jo
urna
ls
and
book
s in
clud
ing
His
toric
Env
ironm
ent a
nd A
sia’
s O
ld D
wel
lings
: Tra
ditio
n, R
esilie
nce,
and
Cha
nge,
200
3.
Abs
tract
s
The
Her
itage
of O
ff W
orld
Lan
dsca
pes
(Par
t 1)
Con
ven
ors
: A
lice G
orm
an
an
d J
oh
n C
am
pb
ell
Hum
an u
nder
stan
ding
s of
the
Ear
th h
ave
alw
ays
been
med
iate
d by
con
cept
ions
of w
hat
lies
beyo
nd t
he a
tmos
pher
e. In
the
20t
h ce
ntur
y,
how
ever
, in
terp
lane
tary
spa
ce a
cqui
red
a ne
w la
yer
of m
eani
ng a
s sa
tellit
es a
nd s
pace
craf
t ex
plor
ed t
he S
olar
Sys
tem
. La
ndsc
apes
onc
e vi
ewed
onl
y th
roug
h th
e le
ns o
f the
nig
ht s
ky b
ecam
e pl
aces
that
hum
ans
coul
d vi
sit,
thro
ugh
imag
es a
nd d
ata,
and
in th
e fle
sh. T
his
sess
ion
expl
ores
the
herit
age
valu
es in
thes
e ne
w la
ndsc
apes
: the
clo
ud o
f sat
ellit
es a
nd o
rbita
l deb
ris c
irclin
g th
e E
arth
; the
luna
r lan
dsca
pes
crea
ted
by R
ussi
an,
US
and
ES
A la
ndin
g an
d cr
ash
site
s on
the
Moo
n; t
he S
ovie
t, U
S a
nd E
SA
har
dwar
e th
at n
ow li
tter
s th
e M
artia
n de
sert
or
is
cont
inui
ng t
o ex
plor
e it;
the
pro
bes
whi
ch h
ave
been
sen
t fu
rthe
r ou
t, lik
e th
e E
SA
cra
ft H
uyge
ns w
hich
has
for
med
a s
ite o
n th
e cl
oudy
su
rface
of T
itan,
the
larg
est m
oon
of S
atur
n. A
s a
new
“sp
ace
race
” em
erge
s in
the
21st
cen
tury
bet
wee
n In
dia,
Chi
na a
nd o
ther
spa
cefa
ring
natio
ns,
it is
impe
rativ
e to
con
side
r ho
w w
e un
ders
tand
the
sig
nific
ance
of o
ff-w
orld
land
scap
es a
t bo
th t
he g
loba
l and
the
loca
l lev
el,
and
to w
ork
tow
ard
deve
lopi
ng a
nd im
plem
entin
g in
tern
atio
nal p
roto
cols
and
agr
eem
ents
on
the
prot
ectio
n an
d, w
here
fea
sibl
e, m
anag
emen
t of
pla
ces
of s
igni
fican
t spa
ce h
erita
ge.
His
tori
c P
rese
rvati
on
at
the E
dge:
Arc
haeolo
gy
on
th
e M
oon
, in
Sp
ace a
nd
on
oth
er
Cele
stia
l B
od
ies
Bet
h O
’Lea
ry
Ab
stra
ct
Spa
ce h
erita
ge o
r ex
o-ar
chae
olog
y is
an
evol
ving
fiel
d w
here
the
site
s an
d ar
tifac
ts d
o no
t ex
ist
on E
arth
, bu
t ra
ther
in S
pace
or
on o
ther
ce
lest
ial b
odie
s. M
ost w
ere
crea
ted
durin
g th
e C
old
War
and
are
inac
cess
ible
and
tem
pora
rily
prot
ecte
d by
thei
r rem
oten
ess.
The
com
plex
ities
an
d am
bigu
ities
of i
nter
natio
nal l
egal
str
uctu
res
to d
eal w
ith t
hese
site
s as
cul
tura
l res
ourc
es le
aves
the
m v
ulne
rabl
e to
impa
cts
in t
he n
ear
futu
re b
y m
any
varie
ties
of S
pace
trav
el. M
y pa
per w
ill fo
cus
on th
e A
pollo
11
Tran
quilit
y B
ase
site
on
the
Moo
n, th
e fir
st m
anne
d lu
nar l
andi
ng
site
, and
exp
lore
the
his
toric
con
text
of s
ites
in S
pace
, the
nat
ure
of t
he a
ssem
blag
es a
nd t
he r
etrie
val o
f arc
haeo
logi
cal d
ata.
I w
ill di
scus
s th
e cu
rren
t pol
itica
l and
lega
l res
pons
ibilit
ies
for
pres
erva
tion,
the
resu
lts o
f the
Lun
ar L
egac
y P
roje
ct a
nd a
rgue
that
with
out a
fram
ewor
k fo
r pr
eser
vatio
n ev
en th
ese
inac
cess
ible
site
s in
Spa
ce s
oon
will
beco
me
acce
ssib
le a
nd p
oten
tially
adv
erse
ly a
ffect
ed.
Bio
gra
phy
Bet
h La
ura
O’L
eary
, Ph.
d. is
an
anth
ropo
logi
st a
t New
Mex
ico
Sta
te U
nive
rsity
, US
A, s
peci
aliz
ing
in C
ultu
ral R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent.
For
the
last
sev
en y
ears
, she
has
bee
n in
volv
ed w
ith th
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
of S
pace
and
site
s on
the
Moo
n in
the
emer
ging
fiel
d of
Spa
ce H
erita
ge. A
re
cipi
ent
of a
gra
nt fr
om N
AS
A,
she
inve
stig
ated
bot
h th
e ar
chae
olog
ical
ass
embl
age
and
the
inte
rnat
iona
l her
itage
sta
tus
of t
he A
pollo
11
Tran
quilit
y B
ase
site
on
the
Moo
n. S
he h
as w
orke
d w
ith th
e S
tate
of N
ew M
exic
o in
pre
serv
ing
the
first
Spa
ce H
erita
ge s
ite in
the
wor
ld a
nd
serv
es o
n th
e W
orld
Arc
haeo
logi
cal C
ongr
ess
Spa
ce H
erita
ge T
ask
Forc
e.
Leavi
ng t
he C
rad
le o
f E
art
h:
the H
eri
tage o
f Low
Eart
h O
rbit
, 1
95
7 –
19
63
Alic
e G
orm
an
Ab
stra
ct
The
Inte
rnat
iona
l Geo
phys
ical
Yea
r in
195
7-58
her
alde
d a
new
pha
se in
the
dev
elop
men
t of
spa
ce t
echn
olog
y: t
he e
ra o
f w
orld
-circ
ling
spac
eshi
p, o
r sa
tellit
e. S
atel
lites
hav
e re
volu
tioni
sed
tele
com
mun
icat
ions
, m
eteo
rolo
gy,
navi
gatio
n, p
lane
tary
sci
ence
, sp
ace
scie
nce,
and
w
ar, h
avin
g a
prof
ound
impa
ct o
n te
rres
tria
l hum
an li
fe. H
owev
er, t
his
revo
lutio
n ha
s co
me
at a
cos
t, as
com
mon
ly u
sed
eart
h or
bits
are
now
cr
owde
d w
ith s
pace
junk
. Orb
ital d
ebris
miti
gatio
n is
fast
bec
omin
g th
e m
ajor
prio
rity
for
natio
nal a
nd in
tern
atio
nal s
pace
org
aniz
atio
ns.
But
wha
t if o
rbita
l deb
ris h
as c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge v
alue
? H
ow c
an th
is v
alue
be
man
aged
app
ropr
iate
ly a
s sp
ace
indu
stry
pla
ns fo
r orb
ital c
lean
-up
? In
ord
er t
o an
swer
the
se q
uest
ions
, I r
evie
w t
he m
ater
ial c
ultu
re o
f sp
ace
expl
orat
ion
in o
rbit
in t
he c
ritic
al p
erio
d be
twee
n th
e la
unch
of
Spu
tnik
1 in
195
7 an
d th
e fir
st g
eosy
nchr
onou
s sa
tellit
e, S
ynco
m 2
, in
196
3. I
argu
e th
at o
rbita
l mat
eria
l, bo
th d
ebris
and
fun
ctio
ning
sp
acec
raft,
form
s a
‘spa
cesc
ape’
that
has
val
ue in
its
own
right
. Thi
s un
ique
cul
tura
l rec
ord
tells
its
own
stor
y of
the
spac
e ag
e, th
e be
ginn
ing
of a
n ev
olut
iona
ry tr
ajec
tory
into
an
unkn
own
futu
re.
Bio
gra
phy
Alic
e G
orm
an is
a le
ctur
er in
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Arc
haeo
logy
at F
linde
rs U
nive
rsity
, Ade
laid
e, a
nd a
her
itage
con
sulta
nt w
ho h
as w
orke
d w
ith
Abo
rigin
al c
omm
uniti
es in
NS
W,
Sou
th A
ustr
alia
and
Que
ensl
and.
Her
res
earc
h in
tere
sts
incl
ude
terr
estr
ial l
aunc
h si
tes
(suc
h as
Woo
mer
a an
d K
ouro
u) a
nd th
e m
anag
emen
t of o
rbita
l deb
ris. S
he is
a m
embe
r of t
he W
orld
Arc
haeo
logi
cal C
ongr
ess
Spa
ce H
erita
ge T
ask
Forc
e. H
er
wor
k ha
s fe
atur
ed in
art
icle
s pu
blis
hed
by N
atio
nal G
eogr
aphi
c an
d M
onoc
le m
agaz
ine.
Th
e old
est,
con
tin
uall
y su
rviv
ing r
ain
fore
sts
on
eart
h.
Th
e h
om
elan
ds
of
18 R
ain
fore
st A
bori
gin
al
trib
al
gro
ups.
Work
ing t
oget
her
to c
on
serv
e ou
r n
atu
ral
an
d
cult
ura
l h
erit
age.
The
We
t Tr
op
ics
of
Qu
ee
nsl
an
d W
orl
d H
eri
tag
e A
rea
.
33
Abs
tract
s
Lost
in
Sp
ace:
Faile
d M
ars
Mis
sion
Lan
din
g S
ites
as
Fore
nsi
c I
nve
stig
ati
on
Scen
es
Dirk
HR
Spe
nnem
ann
and
Guy
Mur
phy
Ab
stra
ct
Hum
anity
is b
usily
leav
ing
trac
es o
n va
rious
cel
estia
l bod
ies,
suc
h as
the
Moo
n an
d, m
ore
rece
ntly,
Mar
s. W
hile
sev
eral
of t
he m
issi
ons
have
be
en s
ucce
ssfu
l, so
me
of t
hem
hav
e fa
iled,
on
occa
sion
qui
te s
pect
acul
arly.
The
re is
an
inte
rest
in u
nder
stan
ding
wha
t w
ent
wro
ng in
the
m
issi
on p
rofil
e th
at le
ad t
o th
e fa
ilure
. It
can
be p
osite
d th
at s
ome
of t
hese
site
s, s
uch
as t
he a
s ye
t un
disc
over
ed c
rash
site
of t
he B
eagl
e m
issi
on, w
ill be
com
e pr
ime
obje
ctiv
es o
f fut
ure
reco
very
ope
ratio
ns. T
his
pape
r exp
lore
s th
e m
anag
emen
t and
eth
ics
of th
e co
nflic
ting
valu
es
of c
rash
ana
lysi
s m
etho
dolo
gy a
nd h
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion.
Wha
t fut
ure
herit
age
valu
e w
ill th
e cr
ash
site
of a
faile
d m
issi
on s
ite h
ave,
and
how
sh
ould
we
man
age
this
?
Bio
gra
phy
Ass
ocia
te P
rofe
ssor
Dirk
HR
Spe
nnem
ann
(MA
Fra
nkfu
rt,
PhD
Aus
tral
ian
Nat
iona
l U
nive
rsity
) te
ache
s C
ultu
ral
Her
itage
Man
agem
ent
at
Cha
rles
Stu
rt U
nive
rsity
, A
lbur
y, A
ustr
alia
. H
is c
urre
nt m
ain
rese
arch
inte
rest
res
ts in
the
are
as o
f i)
envi
ronm
enta
l and
ant
hrop
ogen
ic r
isk
and
herit
age
man
agem
ent;
and
ii) h
erita
ge fu
ture
s, e
xam
inin
g is
sues
suc
h as
the
conc
eptu
al u
nder
stan
ding
of e
mer
gent
her
itage
(s) a
nd th
e re
latio
nshi
p be
twee
n cu
ltura
l her
itage
val
ues
and
the
influ
ence
s of
man
agem
ent
proc
esse
s as
the
y pl
ay o
ut b
etw
een
herit
age
prof
essi
onal
s an
d th
e ge
nera
l pub
lic.
The
Wat
ery
Rea
lm –
An
Ext
rem
ely
Impo
rtan
t Env
ironm
ent
Con
ven
or:
Sh
elle
y G
reer
This
ses
sion
exp
lore
s he
ritag
e is
sues
ass
ocia
ted
with
wat
ery
real
ms
– th
e se
a, r
iver
s, w
ater
hole
s, s
prin
gs,
pond
s et
c.
This
is t
imel
y, g
iven
in
crea
sing
focu
s on
the
man
agem
ent a
nd c
ontr
ol o
f sea
and
oth
er w
ater
reso
urce
s by
gov
ernm
ent a
genc
ies
to s
ecur
e th
ese
reso
urce
s. T
he
sess
ion
emer
ged
from
rese
arch
into
the
cultu
ral h
erita
ge v
alue
s of
the
Gre
at B
arrie
r R
eef –
ofte
n vi
ewed
as
a pl
ace
of fi
sh a
nd c
oral
, but
not
pe
ople
with
impl
icat
ions
for
herit
age
man
agem
ent.
Pap
ers
will
addr
ess
issu
es a
nd c
onsi
dera
tions
for
the
herit
age
of w
ater
-bas
ed s
ocie
ties
incl
udin
g w
heth
er w
ater
env
ironm
ents
are
in fa
ct ‘e
xtre
me’
for
hum
ans
Read
ing a
nd
Rid
ing t
he W
ave
s: T
he S
ea a
s a K
now
n U
niv
ers
e in
Torr
es
Str
ait
”
Mau
reen
Fua
ry
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er lo
oks
at th
e w
ays
in w
hich
Tor
res
Str
ait I
slan
ders
read
, wor
k an
d liv
e w
ith th
eir s
easc
ape.
As
mar
ine
orie
nted
peo
ple,
thei
r cul
tura
l an
d na
tura
l he
ritag
e is
fun
dam
enta
lly c
onne
cted
to
thei
r se
asca
pe t
hrou
gh t
he t
raje
ctor
ies
of h
isto
ry,
know
ledg
e, b
elie
fs,
valu
es,
soci
al
orga
nisa
tion
and
reso
urce
use
. I d
raw
upo
n lo
ng te
rm p
artic
ipan
t-ob
serv
atio
n w
ith p
eopl
e in
the
Torr
es S
trai
t and
my
cont
inui
ng in
volv
emen
t in
deb
ates
abo
ut k
now
ledg
e an
d us
e of
sea
scap
es to
dem
onst
rate
som
e of
the
tech
niqu
es b
y w
hich
the
sea
is re
nder
ed v
isib
le a
nd k
now
able
to
them
.
In p
artic
ular
I di
scus
s th
e flo
w b
etw
een
land
scap
es a
nd s
easc
apes
, an
d th
e so
cio-
cultu
ral d
imen
sion
s of
mar
ine
know
ledg
e an
d us
e. It
is
thro
ugh
unde
rsta
ndin
g th
e w
ays
in w
hich
a p
eopl
e ‘k
now
’ and
live
in th
is w
ater
y re
alm
that
we
can
see
it as
an
ever
yday
rath
er th
an e
xtre
me
dim
ensi
on o
f the
ir he
ritag
e.
Bio
gra
phy
Mau
reen
Fua
ry is
an
anth
ropo
logi
st w
ho h
as b
een
wor
king
in th
e ar
ea o
f Tor
res
Str
ait I
slan
der
cultu
ral h
erita
ge fo
r 27
yea
rs.
She
und
erto
ok 1
8 m
onth
s fie
ldw
ork
for
her
PhD
(198
0 -8
1; 1
982)
on
the
tiny
isla
nd o
f YA
M a
nd s
ince
then
has
ret
urne
d to
the
Torr
es S
trai
t m
any
times
. S
he c
ontin
ues
to b
e in
volv
ed in
a v
arie
ty o
f pro
ject
s ra
ngin
g fro
m:
com
mun
ity c
ultu
ral c
once
rns;
her
itage
pro
posa
ls;
capa
city
as
sess
men
t & c
apac
ity b
uild
ing
in th
e ar
ea o
f hea
lth; a
nd N
ativ
e Ti
tle.
Abs
tract
s
Riv
er
Rats
an
d S
eafa
rers
: w
ate
ry w
ays
of
bein
g –
exp
lori
ng h
um
an
con
necti
on
s to
riv
ers
an
d s
eas
Sus
an M
cInt
yre-
Tam
woy
Ab
stra
ct
In m
any
way
s w
ater
defi
nes
our
lives
as
Aus
tral
ians
. W
e ei
ther
live
with
it (s
umm
ers
at t
he b
each
, th
e G
reat
Bar
rier
Ree
f, ou
r re
puta
tion
as
swim
mer
s, c
opin
g w
ith fl
oods
, etc
), or
with
out i
t (dr
ough
t, w
ater
rat
ioni
ng, t
he o
utba
ck, s
torie
s of
ear
ly e
xplo
rers
dyi
ng o
f thi
rst e
tc).
This
pap
er e
xplo
res
diffe
renc
es in
tang
ible
and
inta
ngib
le c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge v
alue
s as
soci
ated
with
diff
eren
t typ
es o
f wat
er b
odie
s. It
sug
gest
s th
at o
n th
e on
e ha
nd v
isito
rs (
‘out
side
rs’)
mig
ht s
ee t
hese
in s
imila
r w
ays
refle
ctin
g th
eir
lack
of
intim
acy
and
unfa
milia
rity
with
the
wat
ery
real
m. O
n th
e ot
her,
com
mun
ities
tha
t re
gula
rly in
tera
ct w
ith r
iver
s or
lake
s an
d or
sea
s (th
e ‘lo
cal’)
may
per
ceiv
e th
ese
wat
er b
odie
s in
ver
y di
ffere
nt w
ays.
Iron
ical
ly, w
hile
suc
h co
mm
uniti
es m
ay b
e ex
trem
ely
com
fort
able
in r
elat
ion
to o
ne t
ype
of e
nviro
nmen
t, th
ey m
ay e
xpre
ss
extr
eme
disc
omfo
rt in
ano
ther
. Wha
t are
thes
e at
tach
men
ts a
nd a
re th
ey d
iffer
ent f
or d
iffer
ent w
ater
env
ironm
ents
? Is
ther
e a
fund
amen
tally
‘A
ustr
alia
n’ a
ttac
hmen
t to
such
pla
ces?
The
se a
nd o
ther
que
stio
ns w
ill be
exp
lore
d us
ing
a ra
nge
of s
ourc
es in
clud
ing
oral
test
imon
y, li
tera
ry
refe
renc
es a
nd p
hysi
cal e
vide
nce.
Bio
gra
phy
Dr S
usan
McI
ntyr
e-Ta
mw
oy h
as w
orke
d in
bot
h pu
blic
and
priv
ate
prac
tice
in In
dige
nous
and
non
indi
geno
us h
erita
ge. W
ith fo
rmal
qua
lifica
tions
in
arc
haeo
logy
, ant
hrop
olog
y an
d he
ritag
e co
nser
vatio
n, s
he is
cur
rent
ly e
mpl
oyed
as
a R
esea
rch
Fello
w a
t Jam
es C
ook
Uni
vers
ity, u
nder
taki
ng
rese
arch
into
Indi
geno
us p
ast a
nd c
urre
nt u
se o
f mar
ine
and
coas
tal e
nviro
nmen
ts. T
hrou
gh h
er w
ork
she
has
deve
lope
d st
rong
per
sona
l and
pr
ofes
sion
al ti
es w
ith A
borig
inal
and
Isla
nder
com
mun
ities
in C
ape
York
, the
Tor
res
Str
ait a
nd N
SW
.
Pre
viou
sly
she
wor
ked
as a
con
sulta
nt a
nd a
s a
Sen
ior
Man
ager
, Cul
tura
l Her
itage
in th
e N
SW
pub
lic s
ecto
r an
d se
rved
for
seve
ral y
ears
on
the
NS
W H
erita
ge C
ounc
il.
Sus
an is
a m
embe
r of
AIC
OM
OS
, Pre
side
nt o
f the
Aus
tral
ian
Ass
ocia
tion
of C
onsu
lting
Arc
haeo
logi
sts,
mem
ber
of th
e A
ustr
alas
ian
Soc
iety
fo
r H
isto
rical
Arc
haeo
logy
, th
e A
ustr
alia
n A
nthr
opol
ogic
al S
ocie
ty,
the
Aus
tral
ian
Arc
haeo
logi
cal A
ssoc
iatio
n an
d th
e S
ocie
ty f
or H
isto
rical
A
rcha
eolo
gy (U
S).
Post
card
s Fro
m t
he E
dge
Kat
hlee
n B
rode
rick
and
Kat
hryn
Fer
guso
n
Abs
trac
t
Spa
nnin
g tw
o m
ajor
eco
syst
ems,
the
GB
R a
nd i
ts c
atch
men
ts,
this
pap
er e
xplo
res
fragm
ents
of
cultu
re—
post
card
s—as
the
y ci
rcul
ate
betw
een
river
and
sea
. It
exam
ines
som
e of
the
mor
e pr
agm
atic
ass
essm
ents
of
cultu
ral v
alue
s su
rrou
ndin
g ‘fr
esh’
wat
er a
nd c
ontr
asts
th
ose
valu
es a
gain
st th
e m
ore
ideo
logi
cal p
ositi
ons
that
are
esp
ouse
d fo
r the
GB
R. H
ighl
ight
ing
the
irony
that
—al
thou
gh th
ey a
re u
nden
iabl
y co
nnec
ted—
salt
and
fresh
wat
er a
re p
osite
d as
som
ehow
opp
osite
, th
is p
rese
ntat
ion
exam
ines
som
e of
the
ideo
logi
cal w
ays
that
sal
t an
d fre
sh e
colo
gies
and
her
itage
s ar
e vi
ewed
as
phen
omen
olog
ical
ly d
ista
nt a
nd c
ircul
arly
defi
ned
agai
nst e
ach
othe
r in
the
GB
R p
rovi
nce.
The
Aus
tral
ian
gove
rnm
ent
has
iden
tified
pot
entia
l wat
er q
ualit
y pr
oble
ms
aris
ing
from
land
use
s in
the
GB
R c
atch
men
ts a
nd is
cur
rent
ly
wor
king
with
sta
te g
over
nmen
t and
regi
onal
gro
ups
on p
lan
to im
prov
e w
ater
qua
lity.
The
‘Coa
stal
Cat
chm
ents
Initi
ativ
e’ re
quire
s de
velo
pmen
t of
wat
er q
ualit
y im
prov
emen
t pla
ns w
hich
iden
tify
issu
es o
f con
cern
for
wat
er q
ualit
y an
d st
rate
gies
to im
prov
e it.
Thi
s pr
oces
s ha
s in
volv
ed
form
ulat
ion
of p
ract
ical
way
s to
iden
tify
cultu
ral v
alue
s su
rrou
ndin
g w
ater
tha
t ca
n be
use
d to
set
asp
iratio
nal t
arge
ts a
nd q
uant
ified
as
wat
er q
ualit
y ob
ject
ives
. Det
erm
inin
g va
lues
in th
is c
onte
xt is
not
yet
a h
ighl
y co
ntes
ted
spac
e an
d is
inst
ead
a pr
agm
atic
and
hig
hly
varia
ble
proc
ess.
This
Gre
at B
arrie
r R
eef
ecos
yste
m h
as c
onsi
sten
tly f
aced
‘w
ater
qua
lity’
issu
es.
In t
he 1
960’
s ex
perim
enta
l lar
ge-s
cale
oil
spills
, ga
s an
d oi
l exp
lora
tion,
nuc
lear
dem
oliti
on o
f shi
ppin
g ch
anne
ls, a
nd c
lear
-cut
cor
al m
inin
g w
ere
all d
iscu
ssed
—in
Aus
tral
ian
fede
ral p
arlia
men
t—as
po
tent
ial a
ctiv
ities
to
best
util
ise
the
reso
urce
s of
Gre
at B
arrie
r R
eef.
In 1
981
the
GB
R b
ecam
e a
Wor
ld H
erita
ge li
sted
site
, an
d by
200
3,
94%
of t
he p
olle
d po
pula
tion
wan
ted
even
mor
e pr
otec
tion
put i
n pl
ace
for t
he G
reat
Bar
rier R
eef.
One
of t
he s
igni
fican
t val
ues
that
has
bee
n pl
aced
on
the
reef
, is
not a
use
-val
ue p
er s
e, b
ut a
cul
tura
l val
ue o
f bea
uty
and
aest
hetic
wor
th.
Bio
gra
phy
Kat
hryn
Fer
guso
n is
an
AR
C A
ustr
alia
n P
ostd
octo
ral F
ello
w a
t the
Aus
tral
ian
Res
earc
h C
ounc
il C
entr
e of
Exc
elle
nce
for
Cor
al R
eef S
tudi
es.
Her
rese
arch
has
exa
min
ed a
n ec
lect
ic s
et o
f con
trov
ersi
al s
ites.
Rec
ently
, she
has
com
e to
que
stio
n th
e ch
angi
ng p
lace
of t
he G
reat
Bar
rier
Ree
f in
the
Aus
tral
ian
natio
nal l
ands
cape
, and
the
cons
titut
ion
of th
e R
eef a
s a
natio
nal i
con.
Kat
hlee
n is
als
o a
post
doct
oral
rese
arch
fello
w a
t the
AR
C C
entr
e of
Exc
elle
nce
for C
oral
Ree
f Stu
dies
at J
ames
Coo
k U
nive
rsity
at t
he c
entr
e.
She
is in
tere
sted
in th
e po
tent
ial o
f soc
ial r
esea
rch
to c
ontr
ibut
e to
the
adap
tive
man
agem
ent a
nd re
cove
ry o
f lin
ked
soci
al-e
colo
gica
l sys
tem
s.
Her
res
earc
h in
cat
chm
ents
exp
lore
s ch
ange
s in
: la
nd m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es;
soci
al n
etw
orks
; pe
rcep
tion
of m
anag
emen
t pr
oces
ses;
pe
rcep
tion
of c
atch
men
t he
alth
and
wel
lbei
ng; h
ow c
ultu
ral v
alue
s ar
ound
nat
ural
her
itage
are
inco
rpor
ated
into
man
agem
ent
appr
oach
es;
and
inve
stig
atio
n of
feed
back
loop
s be
twee
n th
e so
cial
and
eco
logi
cal s
yste
ms.
3435
Abs
tract
s
Port
als
on
a w
ate
ry c
oast
: h
eri
tage s
ites
as
pla
ces
wh
ere
past
, p
rese
nt
& f
utu
re c
olli
de
She
lley
Gre
er
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er d
escr
ibes
Indi
geno
us h
erita
ge p
lace
s, in
clud
ing
mid
den
site
s an
d st
ory
plac
es a
long
a w
ater
y st
rip o
f the
nor
thea
st c
oast
of C
ape
York
Pen
insu
la.
Thes
e pl
aces
are
con
stan
tly c
reat
ed a
nd r
ecre
ated
by
the
mar
king
and
rem
arki
ng o
f th
e la
nd t
hrou
gh h
uman
act
ion
and
natu
ral p
roce
sses
. Tog
ethe
r, su
ch p
lace
s an
d th
e sp
aces
bet
wee
n th
em c
onst
itute
the
cont
empo
rary
cul
tura
l lan
dsca
pe.
This
pap
er e
xplo
res
som
e of
the
se h
erita
ge p
lace
s. It
sug
gest
s th
at t
hese
‘3-
D h
isto
ries’
are
tan
gibl
e bu
t en
igm
atic
yet
are
at
the
hear
t of
co
ntem
pora
ry c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge v
alue
s. I
n pa
rtic
ular
, it
illust
rate
s th
at s
uch
plac
es a
re ‘
port
als’
or
gate
way
s th
roug
h w
hich
oth
er s
tate
s of
be
ing
or o
ther
leve
ls o
f aw
aren
ess
are
acce
ssed
. D
epen
ding
on
the
site
, th
is h
as s
peci
fic m
eani
ngs
in r
elat
ion
to c
onte
mpo
rary
Cap
e Yo
rk
cosm
olog
y (c
aptu
red
as th
e ‘s
ocia
l val
ues’
of l
ocal
peo
ple)
and
/or
for
Cap
e Yo
rk a
rcha
eolo
gy (s
cien
tific
valu
es).
The
task
of h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t is
to c
aptu
re a
ll cu
ltura
l her
itage
val
ues
and
to w
eave
them
into
a re
leva
nt a
nd a
ppro
pria
te h
erita
ge s
tory
. Th
is p
aper
is a
n at
tem
pt a
t pre
sent
ing
the
herit
age
stor
y of
this
wat
ery
real
m.
Bio
gra
phy
She
lley
Gre
er is
a S
enio
r Le
ctur
er in
Arc
haeo
logy
at
Jam
es C
ook
Uni
vers
ity in
Tow
nsvi
lle.
She
has
und
erta
ken
rese
arch
in t
he In
dige
nous
ar
chae
olog
y an
d he
ritag
e in
nor
ther
n C
ape
York
and
has
led
rese
arch
pro
ject
s on
cul
tura
l val
ues
of t
he G
reat
Bar
rier
Ree
f. S
he is
cur
rent
ly
wor
king
on
proj
ects
rela
ted
to tr
ade
and
exch
ange
in n
orth
ern
Cap
e Yo
rk.
Her
itage
, Ide
ntity
, C
onfli
ct a
nd H
uman
Rig
hts
Par
t 2: H
erita
ge a
nd H
uman
R
ight
sC
on
ven
ors
: W
illia
m L
ogan
an
d T
racy
Irela
nd
Pro
tecti
ng C
ult
ura
l H
eri
tage a
s a H
um
an
Rig
ht
Willi
am S
tew
art L
ogan
Ab
stra
ct
UN
ES
CO
’s C
onve
ntio
n fo
r th
e S
afeg
uard
ing
of In
tang
ible
Her
itage
cam
e in
to fo
rce
in A
pril
2006
, he
rald
ing
a m
ajor
exp
ansi
on o
f the
glo
bal
syst
em o
f he
ritag
e pr
otec
tion
from
the
tan
gibl
e to
the
inta
ngib
le.
It is
an
expa
nsio
n th
at s
ome
herit
age
prof
essi
onal
s se
e as
ope
ning
up
a P
ando
ra’s
box
of
conf
usio
ns a
nd c
ompl
exiti
es.
The
cons
erva
tion
of in
anim
ate
obje
cts
– ta
ngib
le s
ites
and
mon
umen
ts a
nd a
rtef
acts
– is
di
fficu
lt en
ough
; bu
t th
e pr
otec
tion
of h
erita
ge e
mbo
died
in p
eopl
e ra
ises
new
set
s of
eth
ical
and
pra
ctic
al is
sues
. U
sing
exa
mpl
es f
rom
S
outh
east
Asi
a, th
e pa
per c
anva
sses
thes
e co
ncer
ns a
nd fo
cuse
s on
how
the
notio
n of
hum
an ri
ghts
mus
t be
used
as
a w
ay o
f sha
ping
and
in
deed
lim
iting
the
Inta
ngib
le L
ist.
In p
artic
ular
, it
outli
nes
the
way
s in
whi
ch t
he p
rote
ctio
n an
d pr
eser
vatio
n of
cul
tura
l her
itage
is li
nked
to
‘cul
tura
l rig
hts’
as
a fo
rm o
f hum
an ri
ghts
. Thi
s lin
kage
is n
ot c
lear
ly re
cogn
ised
by
cultu
ral h
erita
ge p
ract
ition
ers
in m
any
coun
trie
s, w
ho v
iew
th
eir w
ork
mer
ely
as te
chni
cal,
or e
ven
by h
uman
righ
ts w
orke
rs, d
espi
te th
e ab
unda
nce
of o
ppor
tuni
ties
arou
nd th
e w
orld
to w
itnes
s pe
ople
st
rugg
ling
to a
sser
t the
ir cu
ltura
l rig
hts
in o
rder
to p
rote
ct th
eir
herit
age
and
iden
tity.
Bio
gra
phy
Willi
am L
ogan
hol
ds t
he U
NE
SC
O C
hair
in H
erita
ge a
nd U
rban
ism
at
Dea
kin
Uni
vers
ity, M
elbo
urne
. His
res
earc
h an
d pu
blic
atio
ns fo
cus
on
herit
age
and
deve
lopm
ent
in A
ustr
alia
n an
d A
sian
citi
es,
Wor
ld H
erita
ge,
and
the
links
bet
wee
n he
ritag
e an
d hu
man
rig
hts.
He
has
been
a
cons
ulta
nt t
o U
NE
SC
O s
ince
198
6 an
d to
the
Aus
tral
ian
Her
itage
Com
mis
sion
and
Aus
AID
. H
e is
a fo
rmer
pre
side
nt o
f Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
an
d a
mem
ber
of IC
OM
.
Abs
tract
s
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, H
eri
tage C
on
serv
ati
on
& C
ult
ura
l To
uri
sm -
Con
flic
t or
Com
pati
bili
ty?
Pet
er J
ames
Ab
stra
ct
A p
eopl
e’s
cultu
ral h
erita
ge is
an
inte
gral
par
t of t
heir
iden
tity
and
thus
of g
reat
impo
rtan
ce to
them
in id
entif
ying
as
a ra
ce o
r peo
ple
or c
ultu
ral
grou
p. H
ow th
ey m
aint
ain
and
cons
erve
thei
r cu
ltura
l her
itage
can
be
argu
ed to
be
entir
ely
up to
them
. Thi
s ra
ises
an
inte
rest
ing
issu
e in
so
far
as a
noth
er in
tern
atio
nal d
ocum
ent
is c
once
rned
– T
he W
orld
Her
itage
Con
vent
ion
– it
coul
d be
arg
ued
that
thi
s C
onve
ntio
n is
in fa
ct in
br
each
of t
he D
ecla
ratio
n of
Hum
an R
ight
s, o
r ce
rtai
nly
of th
e te
nor
of it
.
Ther
e ar
e be
nefit
s to
a p
opul
atio
n in
mai
ntai
ning
its
cultu
ral i
dent
ity, n
ot ju
st fo
r its
sak
e bu
t to
mai
ntai
n di
vers
ity fr
om o
ther
cul
ture
s an
d th
us
mak
e th
e cu
ltura
l tou
rism
of t
hat p
eopl
e a
mor
e in
tere
stin
g an
d di
ffere
nt e
xper
ienc
e. O
ne m
ay th
en a
sk –
how
doe
s th
e IC
OM
OS
Cha
rter
on
Cul
tura
l Tou
rism
inte
ract
with
the
Dec
lara
tion
of H
uman
Rig
hts
and
The
Wor
ld H
erita
ge C
onve
ntio
n?
This
pap
er w
ould
end
eavo
ur to
sho
w th
at d
espi
te a
rgum
ents
to th
e co
ntra
ry, p
rope
rly a
dmin
iste
red
and
appl
ied,
all
the
docu
men
ts m
entio
ned
abov
e ca
n be
use
d by
the
herit
age
prof
essi
onal
toge
ther
and
in h
arm
ony
for
the
bene
fit o
f man
kind
and
con
serv
atio
n ge
nera
lly a
nd fo
r ea
ch
and
ever
y cu
lture
and
its
herit
age.
Bio
gra
phy
Pre
sent
ly a
Dire
ctor
of J
NP
Paw
sey
& P
row
se, L
and
Use
Pla
nner
s an
d La
ndsc
ape
Arc
hite
cts,
Cai
rns,
form
erly
Dire
ctor
of H
JM C
onsu
ltant
s H
obar
t; in
naug
ural
Cha
ir of
the
Tasm
ania
n H
erita
ge C
ounc
il (1
997-
2005
); ha
s le
ctur
ed e
xten
sive
ly o
n he
ritag
e la
w a
nd m
anag
emen
t and
has
w
orke
d as
a c
onsu
ltant
for
the
Com
mon
wea
lth a
nd e
very
Sta
te a
nd T
errit
ory
Gov
ernm
ent
on h
erita
ge le
gisl
atio
n an
d as
soci
ated
pra
ctic
al
issu
es. I
ntro
duce
d th
e H
erita
ge A
gree
men
t con
cept
in A
ustr
alia
in 1
975.
For
mer
Dep
uty
and
then
Exe
cutiv
e D
irect
or o
f the
Nat
iona
l Tru
st in
N
SW
, 197
5-19
89. B
ache
lor
of L
aws,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Tas
man
ia, a
war
ded
AM
200
2 fo
r se
rvic
es to
her
itage
law
and
con
serv
atio
n.
Th
e P
rob
lem
ati
c N
atu
re o
f B
urm
ese
Cu
ltu
ral
Trad
itio
ns
for
the E
xpre
ssio
n o
f C
ult
ura
l D
ivers
ity
an
d t
he
Ass
ert
ion
of
Cu
ltu
ral R
igh
ts
Jane
tte
Phi
lp
Ab
stra
ct
Bur
mes
e cu
lture
has
bec
ome
high
ly p
oliti
cise
d in
Bur
ma
(Mya
nmar
) un
der
the
milit
ary
rule
of
the
Sta
te P
eace
and
Dev
elop
men
t C
ounc
il (S
PD
C).
To a
ssim
ilate
Bur
ma’
s di
vers
e et
hnic
and
relig
ious
cul
ture
s in
to a
nat
iona
l ide
ntity
that
is e
thni
cally
Bur
man
and
Bud
dhis
t, th
e S
PD
C
has
prom
oted
‘Mya
nmar
’ tra
ditio
nal c
ultu
ral v
alue
s th
at h
ave
an h
isto
rical
con
tinui
ty w
ith m
onar
chic
al r
ule.
The
SP
DC
has
sou
ght t
o le
gitim
ise
its p
oliti
cal a
utho
rity
thro
ugh
the
reco
nstr
uctio
n of
cul
tura
l her
itage
site
s an
d th
e re
viva
l of B
urm
ese
cultu
ral
trad
ition
s. B
ut t
he c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge o
f eth
nic
and
relig
ious
min
ority
gro
ups
that
sta
nd a
s te
stam
ents
to
Bur
ma’
s cu
ltura
l div
ersi
ty h
ave
been
de
liber
atel
y de
stro
yed,
allo
wed
to d
eter
iora
te, o
r al
tern
ativ
ely,
rede
fined
as
part
of ‘
natio
nal’
cultu
re. C
onse
quen
tly, t
he c
ontr
ibut
ion
of e
thni
c an
d re
ligio
us m
inor
ity g
roup
s to
Bur
ma’
s cu
ltura
l her
itage
doe
s no
t ne
cess
arily
refl
ect
the
com
mun
ity’s
ow
n se
nse
of it
s pa
st a
nd it
s ow
n se
nse
of id
entit
y.
UN
ES
CO
has
reco
gnis
ed th
at it
is im
pera
tive
that
the
valu
es a
nd p
ract
ices
of l
ocal
com
mun
ities
are
fully
und
erst
ood,
resp
ecte
d, e
ncou
rage
d an
d ac
com
mod
ated
, as
cul
tura
l rig
hts
are
seen
as
fund
amen
tal t
o hu
man
rig
hts.
How
suc
h an
app
roac
h m
ay b
e ad
opte
d in
the
Bur
mes
e co
ntex
t whe
re c
ultu
ral t
radi
tions
that
sup
port
the
SP
DC
’s h
egem
onic
dom
inat
ion
crea
tes
a ch
alle
nge
for
cons
erva
tion
prof
essi
onal
s
Bio
gra
phy
Jane
tte
Phi
lp c
ompl
eted
her
PhD
on
‘Cul
tura
l Pol
itics
and
the
App
ropr
iatio
n of
The
rava
da B
uddh
ism
in C
onte
mpo
rary
Bur
ma
(Mya
nmar
)’ in
20
05. H
er re
sear
ch to
dat
e ha
s ex
amin
ed h
ow B
urm
a’s
cultu
ral h
erita
ge h
as b
een
sele
ctiv
ely
revi
ved
and
rein
vent
ed b
y th
e B
urm
ese
milit
ary
regi
me
as a
mea
ns o
f leg
itim
isin
g po
litic
al p
ower
and
aut
horit
y, t
o pr
omot
e a
Bur
mes
e B
uddh
ist
natio
nal i
dent
ity, a
nd in
att
empt
s at
nat
ion-
build
ing.
Her
rese
arch
now
aim
s to
exp
lore
mor
e fu
lly th
e co
mpl
ex is
sues
of h
uman
righ
ts a
nd c
ultu
ral r
ight
s in
Bur
ma
and
the
chal
leng
es a
nd
dile
mm
as th
at c
onfro
nt c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion
in th
is c
onte
xt.
3637
Abs
tract
s
Wh
ose
Lan
d is
it A
nyw
ay?
Con
flic
t an
d C
on
serv
ati
on
in
Kash
mir
Tim
Win
ter
and
Sha
lini P
anja
bi
Ab
stra
ct
Toda
y S
rinag
ar, o
ne o
f the
Indi
an S
ubco
ntin
ent’s
fine
st a
nd m
ost i
ntac
t pre
-mod
ern
citie
s, b
ears
the
scar
s of
mor
e th
an a
dec
ade
of c
onfli
ct
and
polit
ical
vio
lenc
e. A
s th
e ca
pita
l city
of I
ndia
n ad
min
iste
red
Kas
hmir,
Srin
agar
has
a ri
ch a
nd e
xten
sive
her
itage
of v
erna
cula
r arc
hite
ctur
e,
hous
eboa
ts, w
oode
n br
idge
s, m
osqu
es, a
nd M
ugha
l gar
dens
.
Man
y of
the
city
’s s
truc
ture
s ha
ve s
uffe
red
exte
nsiv
e da
mag
e fro
m b
attle
s be
twee
n m
ilitan
ts a
nd t
he p
olic
e, a
nd b
etw
een
diffe
rent
milit
ant
fact
ions
. With
the
‘old
city
’ ser
ving
as
the
phys
ical
and
ideo
logi
cal h
ub o
f the
Inde
pend
ent
Kas
hmir
mov
emen
t m
ost
of t
he d
emon
stra
tions
an
d po
lice
actio
n ce
ntre
d on
this
are
a. In
199
0 H
indu
fam
ilies
fled
the
regi
on e
n m
asse
leav
ing
behi
nd s
ome
of th
e ci
ty’s
mos
t bea
utifu
l and
el
abor
ate
hous
es. L
ike
the
rest
of t
he ‘o
ld c
ity’,
thes
e ab
ando
ned
and
rapi
dly
dete
riora
ting
hous
es h
ave
yet t
o re
ceiv
e an
y re
al g
over
nmen
tal
or in
tern
atio
nal a
tten
tion.
Any
futu
re h
erita
ge p
olic
ies
for S
rinag
ar, a
spa
ce c
onte
sted
alo
ng e
thni
c an
d re
ligio
us fa
ult l
ines
, will
face
a h
ost o
f phi
loso
phic
al a
nd p
ract
ical
ch
alle
nges
. Th
is p
aper
set
s ou
t to
ant
icip
ate
som
e of
the
se c
halle
nges
by
cons
ider
ing
the
degr
ee t
o w
hich
the
city
’s h
erita
ge w
ill bo
th
cont
ribut
e to
and
inhi
bit p
roce
sses
of r
econ
cilia
tion
and
the
revi
talis
atio
n of
thre
aten
ed c
ultu
ral i
dent
ities
.
Bio
gra
phy
Tim
is a
CH
AS
S P
ostd
octo
ral F
ello
w,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Syd
ney
rese
arch
ing
tour
ism
and
her
itage
in A
sia.
He
hold
s a
PhD
from
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f M
anch
este
r, an
d pr
ior
to jo
inin
g S
ydne
y he
spe
nt tw
o ye
ars
as a
Pos
tdoc
tora
l Fel
low
at t
he A
sia
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te, S
inga
pore
. He
is a
utho
r of
Pos
t-co
nflic
t H
erita
ge, P
ostc
olon
ial T
ouris
m; C
ultu
re, P
oliti
cs a
nd D
evel
opm
ent
at A
ngko
r, R
outle
dge,
200
7, a
nd c
o-ed
itor
(with
Ollie
r, L.
) of
Exp
ress
ions
of C
ambo
dia:
the
Pol
itics
of T
radi
tion,
Iden
tity
and
Cha
nge,
Rou
tledg
e, 2
006,
and
edi
tor
of F
rom
Hos
t to
Gue
st: t
he R
ise
of
the
Asi
an T
ouris
t (fo
rthc
omin
g). T
im is
als
o P
rodu
ctio
n E
dito
r of
the
ICO
MO
S A
ustr
alia
jour
nal H
isto
ric E
nviro
nmen
t.
The
Her
itage
of O
ff W
orld
Lan
dsca
pes
(Par
t 2)
Con
ven
ors
: A
lice G
orm
an
an
d J
oh
n C
am
pb
ell
Recon
stru
cti
ng t
he R
ealit
y of
Rem
ote
an
d C
om
ple
x S
yste
ms
in t
he F
utu
re
Bre
tt B
iddi
ngto
n
Ab
stra
ct
How
will
hum
anki
nd v
alue
, sto
re, r
emem
ber
and
reca
ll so
ftwar
e, w
heth
er in
spa
ce o
r on
the
gro
und?
Tak
ing
this
a s
tep
furt
her,
how
will
we
care
for a
nd re
pres
ent s
yste
ms
and
syst
ems
of s
yste
ms
into
the
far f
utur
e? T
he p
iece
s w
e ca
n se
e an
d to
uch,
the
laun
ch p
ads,
rock
ets
and
sate
llites
are
the
easy
par
t. U
nles
s w
e ca
n so
meh
ow le
arn
to re
pres
ent h
ow th
ese
obje
cts
inte
ract
ed w
ith e
ach
othe
r, fu
ture
inve
stig
ator
s ca
n be
exp
ecte
d to
enc
ount
er e
norm
ous
prob
lem
s in
und
erst
andi
ng ju
st h
ow th
ese
obje
cts
actu
ally
wor
ked.
Thro
ugh
the
lens
of t
he th
eory
of n
etw
orkc
entr
ic w
arfa
re (N
CW
), an
d fo
cusi
ng o
n m
ilitar
isat
ion
and
wea
poni
satio
n of
spa
ce, m
y ta
lk w
ill m
ake
som
e su
gges
tions
abo
ut h
ow t
o ca
ptur
e an
d co
mpr
ehen
d th
e im
pact
of
the
digi
tal w
orld
, or
cyb
ersp
ace,
on
som
e of
the
mor
e ex
trem
e as
pect
s of
hum
an b
ehav
iour
into
the
far
futu
re. T
his
is a
cha
lleng
e to
civ
ilisat
ion
that
mus
t be
addr
esse
d as
hum
anki
nd p
repa
res
to re
turn
to
the
moo
n as
a s
tepp
ing
ston
e to
Mar
s an
d be
yond
.
Bio
gra
phy
Bre
tt B
iddi
ngto
n is
a m
embe
r of
the
Cis
co S
yste
ms
spac
e te
am w
hich
is in
trod
ucin
g in
tern
etw
orki
ng te
chno
logi
es in
to s
pace
.
Bre
tt jo
ined
Cis
co in
200
2 fo
llow
ing
a 23
yea
rs c
aree
r in
the
RA
AF.
He
was
an
inte
lligen
ce a
nd s
ecur
ity s
peci
alis
t bef
ore
mov
ing
into
cap
abilit
y de
velo
pmen
t w
here
he
spon
sore
d nu
mer
ous
com
man
d an
d co
ntro
l, in
tellig
ence
, sur
veilla
nce
and
reco
nnai
ssan
ce p
roje
cts.
He
is C
hairm
an
of t
he A
ustr
alia
Tel
esco
pe S
teer
ing
Com
mitt
ee (A
TSC
), th
e A
ustr
alia
n A
ntar
ctic
Ast
rono
my
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
(AA
AA
C) a
nd t
he A
ustr
alia
n D
efen
ce In
form
atio
n an
d E
lect
roni
cs S
yste
ms
Ass
ocia
tion
(AD
IES
A) H
e is
pre
sent
ly le
adin
g a
stud
y in
to A
ustr
alia
’s s
pace
futu
re t
o 20
25 o
n be
half
of th
e K
okod
a Fo
unda
tion.
Th
e c
ase
for
deve
lop
ing e
xo-a
rch
aeolo
gy
in t
he S
ola
r S
yste
m a
nd
beyo
nd
John
Cam
pbel
l
Ab
stra
ct
Spa
ce e
xplo
ratio
n is
com
para
tivel
y ne
w, a
nd th
e ar
chae
olog
y of
it is
eve
n m
ore
rece
nt. I
n 20
03 th
e W
orld
Arc
haeo
logi
cal C
ongr
ess
esta
blis
hed
an in
tern
atio
nal T
ask
Forc
e on
Spa
ce H
erita
ge, w
hich
is c
harg
ed w
ith d
evel
opin
g dr
aft
prot
ocol
s fo
r th
e m
anag
emen
t an
d pr
otec
tion
of t
he
mor
e si
gnifi
cant
pla
ces
and
obje
cts
asso
ciat
ed w
ith s
pace
exp
lora
tion.
At
pres
ent
site
s on
the
Moo
n an
d M
ars,
for
inst
ance
, ha
ve n
o re
al
prot
ectio
n ot
her
than
thei
r is
olat
ion.
With
dev
elop
men
ts p
lann
ed n
ow b
y ne
w a
nd o
lder
spa
cefa
ring
orga
nisa
tions
, lun
ar a
nd e
vent
ually
Abs
tract
s
mar
tian
site
s w
ill co
me
unde
r di
rect
thr
eat.
Unl
ike
Wor
ld H
erita
ge p
lace
s on
Ear
th,
we
have
the
opp
ortu
nity
to
deve
lop
and
impl
emen
t pr
otoc
ols
befo
re d
amag
e is
don
e.
Arg
uing
that
one
sho
uld
prot
ect s
ites
and
land
scap
es a
s at
Tra
nqui
llity
Bas
e (A
pollo
11’
s la
ndin
g si
te) i
s re
ason
ably
str
aigh
t for
war
d, th
ough
th
e pr
oced
ures
for
doi
ng it
can
be
com
plic
ated
(see
O’L
eary
, th
is s
essi
on).
How
ever
, w
hat
shou
ld w
e do
abo
ut h
erita
ge p
lace
s or
obj
ects
po
ssib
ly c
reat
ed b
y ot
her i
ntel
ligen
t spe
cies
? W
ith th
e re
finem
ent o
f exo
plan
et s
earc
hes,
wou
ld w
e be
pre
mat
ure
in d
evel
opin
g te
chni
ques
for
dete
ctin
g ev
iden
ce fo
r tec
hnol
ogie
s on
Ear
th-li
ke e
xopl
anet
s or
oth
er s
urfa
ces?
How
wou
ld w
e de
al w
ith a
lien
nano
-, m
icro
- or
mac
ro-p
robe
s pa
rked
in th
e S
olar
Sys
tem
? Th
ese
ques
tions
are
nor
mal
in s
ome
astr
onom
ical
circ
les
but b
izar
re fo
r m
ost a
rcha
eolo
gist
s.
Bio
gra
phy
John
Cam
pbel
l tr
aine
d in
arc
haeo
logy
at
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f O
xfor
d, w
here
he
com
plet
ed h
is D
Phi
l on
the
Upp
er P
alae
olith
ic o
f B
ritai
n in
19
72. T
his
was
pub
lishe
d as
a b
ook
by O
xfor
d U
nive
rsity
Pre
ss in
197
7. C
ampb
ell t
augh
t at t
he U
nive
rsity
of E
dinb
urgh
, bef
ore
mig
ratin
g to
A
ustr
alia
. Bas
ed a
t Jam
es C
ook
Uni
vers
ity in
Tow
nsvi
lle fr
om 1
975,
he
co-c
ondu
cted
fiel
d an
d la
bora
tory
rese
arch
on
Aus
tral
ian
Indi
geno
us
herit
age
in tr
opic
al N
orth
Que
ensl
and.
In 1
999
he tr
ansf
erre
d to
the
Cai
rns
cam
pus
of J
CU
, and
in 2
001
he b
egan
pre
parin
g an
d pr
esen
ting
pape
rs o
n th
e po
tent
ial f
or t
he a
rcha
eolo
gy o
f out
er s
pace
, som
ethi
ng h
e ha
d be
en t
alki
ng a
bout
in fi
rst-
year
lect
ures
for
deca
des.
He
has
activ
ely
supp
orte
d In
dige
nous
rig
hts.
Cul
tura
l Her
itage
Man
agem
ent i
n th
e P
acifi
cC
on
ven
ors
: A
nit
a S
mit
h a
nd
Ian
Lill
ey
In m
ost i
ndep
ende
nt P
acifi
c Is
land
nat
ions
, pro
gram
s fo
r th
e pr
otec
tion
and
cons
erva
tion
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge p
lace
s ar
e in
thei
r in
fanc
y. T
he
cont
inua
tion
of s
yste
ms
of t
radi
tiona
l lan
d te
nure
has
unt
il re
cent
ly p
rovi
ded
prot
ectio
n fo
r tr
aditi
onal
site
s. T
his
situ
atio
n is
rap
idly
cha
ngin
g ow
ing
to d
evel
opm
ent
pres
sure
s, e
spec
ially
fro
m t
ouris
m in
coa
stal
are
as.
Bui
lt he
ritag
e of
the
his
toric
per
iod
has
gene
rally
rec
eive
d lit
tle
atte
ntio
n an
d co
loni
al b
uild
ings
are
rap
idly
dis
appe
arin
g fro
m th
e re
gion
’s to
wns
and
citi
es.
Pac
ific
Isla
nd n
atio
ns g
ener
ally
hav
e fe
w re
sour
ces
and
man
y go
vern
men
ts s
ee h
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion
as a
low
prio
rity.
Des
pite
this
, with
the
supp
ort o
f int
erna
tiona
l, re
gion
al a
nd n
on-g
over
nmen
t org
anis
atio
ns, e
volv
ing
regi
onal
net
wor
ks o
f Pac
ific
Isla
nd h
erita
ge m
anag
ers
such
as
the
Pac
ific
Isla
nd M
useu
ms
Ass
ocia
tion
and
ICO
MO
S P
asifi
ka a
re p
rovi
ding
a b
ase
for
the
shar
ing
of in
form
atio
n, e
xper
tise
and
scar
ce re
sour
ces.
Sq
uare
Pegs
an
d R
ou
nd
Hole
s: t
he W
orl
d H
eri
tage C
on
ven
tion
an
d t
he P
acifi
c I
slan
d S
tate
s
Ani
ta S
mith
Ab
stra
ct
The
Pac
ific
Isla
nd S
tate
s ar
e th
e le
ast r
epre
sent
ed g
eo-c
ultu
ral r
egio
n on
the
Wor
ld H
erita
ge L
ist.
Thes
e ar
e sm
all i
sola
ted
isla
nd n
atio
ns th
at
have
ver
y lim
ited
hum
an, t
echn
ical
and
fina
ncia
l res
ourc
es. S
ome
have
gov
ernm
ent h
erita
ge a
genc
ies
but t
hese
are
prim
arily
con
cern
ed w
ith
natu
ral r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent.
Few
hav
e an
y fo
rmal
pro
tect
ion
for
cultu
ral h
erita
ge p
lace
s.
In th
is p
aper
I ar
gue
that
alth
ough
thes
e is
sues
are
crit
ical
in e
xpla
inin
g un
der-
repr
esen
tatio
n of
the
Pac
ific
Isla
nds
on th
e W
orld
Her
itage
Lis
t, pa
rado
xica
lly it
is t
he v
ery
elem
ents
tha
t un
derp
in t
he r
egio
n’s
uniq
ue c
ultu
ral i
dent
ities
- t
he c
ontin
uatio
n of
tra
ditio
nal l
and
tenu
re s
yste
ms
and
trad
ition
al s
yste
ms
of la
nd u
se -
that
mak
e th
e W
orld
Her
itage
Con
vent
ion
diffi
cult
to im
plem
ent i
n th
e re
gion
. The
cur
rent
Wor
ld H
erita
ge
prog
ram
s in
the
Pac
ific
offe
r an
opp
ortu
nity
to
refle
ct u
pon
limits
of
the
Con
vent
ion
in r
ecog
nizi
ng d
iver
se c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge a
nd t
o id
entif
y pr
oces
ses
and
proc
edur
es th
roug
h w
hich
the
Wor
ld H
erita
ge L
ist c
an b
ecom
e fu
lly re
pres
enta
tive.
Bio
gra
phy
Dr
Ani
ta S
mith
is
a P
roje
ct M
anag
er a
t H
erita
ge V
icto
ria.
Her
cur
rent
pro
ject
s in
clud
e ov
erse
eing
the
dev
elop
men
t of
a W
orld
Her
itage
M
anag
emen
t Pla
n fo
r the
Roy
al E
xhib
ition
Bui
ldin
gs a
nd C
arlto
n G
arde
ns W
orld
Her
itage
site
. She
is a
n ar
chae
olog
ist w
ith re
sear
ch in
tere
sts
in t
he h
isto
ry a
nd h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t in
the
Pac
ific
Isla
nds
and
Aus
tral
ia a
nd h
as c
ondu
cted
a n
umbe
r of
cul
tura
l her
itage
pro
ject
s in
the
P
acifi
c Is
land
s fo
r U
NE
SC
O.
Dr
Sm
ith is
a m
embe
r of
the
Exe
cutiv
e C
omm
ittee
of
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
and
Con
veno
r of
its
Wor
ld H
erita
ge
Ref
eren
ce G
roup
.
Pu
ttin
g P
acifi
c H
eri
tage o
n t
he M
ap
: In
trod
ucin
g I
CO
MO
S P
AS
IFIK
A
Rufi
no M
auric
io, M
ered
ith B
lake
and
Jan
et F
ingl
eton
3839
Abs
tract
s
Ch
ief
Roi M
ata
’s D
om
ain
: C
halle
nges
Facin
g a
Worl
d H
eri
tage-n
om
inate
d P
rop
ert
y in
Van
uatu
Mer
edith
Wils
on, C
hris
Bal
lard
, Dou
glas
Kal
otiti
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er r
evie
ws
the
deve
lopm
ent
of t
he fi
rst
cultu
ral n
omin
atio
n fro
m a
n in
depe
nden
t P
acifi
c Is
land
nat
ion.
The
nom
inat
ion
file
for
the
cultu
ral
land
scap
e of
Chi
ef R
oi M
ata’
s D
omai
n (V
anua
tu)
was
sub
mitt
ed t
o th
e W
orld
Her
itage
Cen
tre
in F
ebru
ary
2007
. O
ur a
im i
s to
pr
omot
e aw
aren
ess
of t
he is
sues
and
cha
lleng
es t
hat
conf
ront
Pac
ific
Isla
nd c
ount
ries
in p
rote
ctin
g th
eir
mos
t ou
tsta
ndin
g cu
ltura
l her
itage
si
tes.
In t
he a
bsen
ce o
f a r
egio
nal p
rece
dent
, the
pre
pare
rs o
f the
nom
inat
ion
file
for
Chi
ef R
oi M
ata’
s D
omai
n (C
RM
D) k
ept
com
preh
ensi
ve
note
s of
the
proc
ess
of w
orki
ng w
ith th
e cu
stod
ians
and
oth
er s
take
hold
ers
of th
e pr
oper
ty. S
ome
of th
e m
ore
prom
inen
t man
agem
ent a
nd
rese
arch
cha
lleng
es e
ncou
nter
ed in
clud
e: a
ddre
ssin
g co
mm
unity
and
for
eign
ow
ners
hip
of la
nd,
deve
lopi
ng c
ultu
rally
app
ropr
iate
her
itage
m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
s, g
ener
atin
g be
nefit
str
eam
s to
com
mun
ities
, miti
gatin
g th
e ef
fect
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd n
atur
al d
isas
ters
on
coas
tally
lo
cate
d cu
ltura
l site
s, a
nd d
emon
stra
ting
the
outs
tand
ing
univ
ersa
l sig
nific
ance
of a
Pac
ific
cultu
ral l
ands
cape
in w
hich
the
mon
umen
tal s
ites
conv
entio
nally
fav
oure
d by
the
Wor
ld H
erita
ge p
roce
ss a
re n
otab
ly a
bsen
t. P
artic
ular
att
entio
n is
pai
d to
the
lim
ited
reso
urce
s fo
r he
ritag
e co
nser
vatio
n av
aila
ble
to m
ost
Pac
ific
Isla
nd s
tate
s, a
nd t
he c
entr
al r
ole
of t
radi
tiona
l man
agem
ent
prac
tices
in e
nsur
ing
sust
aina
ble
form
s of
site
con
serv
atio
n.
Bio
gra
phy
Mer
edith
Wils
on c
ompl
eted
a P
hD o
n th
e ro
ck-a
rt o
f Va
nuat
u an
d th
e W
este
rn P
acifi
c at
the
AN
U,
and
has
been
eng
aged
mos
t re
cent
ly
as c
o-or
dina
tor
for
the
prep
arat
ion
of t
he W
orld
Her
itage
nom
inat
ion
file
for
the
Chi
ef R
oi M
ata’
s D
omai
n pr
oper
ty, o
n be
half
of t
he V
anua
tu
Nat
iona
l Mus
eum
and
Cul
tura
l Cen
tre.
Chr
is B
alla
rd, a
n ar
chae
olog
ist a
nd h
isto
rian
at th
e A
NU
, act
ed a
s pr
inci
pal r
esea
rche
r fo
r th
e C
hief
Roi
Mat
a’s
Dom
ain
nom
inat
ion.
Dou
glas
Kal
otiti
is C
hair
of t
he M
en’s
Fie
ldw
orke
r A
ssoc
iatio
n of
the
Van
uatu
Cul
tura
l Cen
tre
and
Cha
ir of
the
Wor
ld H
erita
ge a
nd T
ouris
m
Com
mitt
ee fo
r C
hief
Roi
Mat
a’s
Dom
ain.
Pu
ttin
g t
heir
Mon
ey
wh
ere
ou
r M
ou
th is:
How
we m
igh
t p
ut
Glo
bal C
ap
ital to
Work
in
Cu
ltu
ral H
eri
tage
Ian
Lille
y
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er d
iscu
sses
the
valu
e an
d da
nger
s of
get
ting
maj
or p
laye
rs in
the
glob
al e
cono
my
to e
ngag
e in
a c
oher
ent w
ay w
ith c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge
issu
es in
muc
h th
e sa
me
way
tha
t m
ajor
inte
rnat
iona
l len
ders
hav
e si
gned
up
to t
he E
quat
or P
rinci
ples
for
env
ironm
enta
l man
agem
ent
in d
evel
opm
ent
proj
ects
. Th
e pr
esen
tatio
n w
ill fo
cus
on t
he c
apac
ity-b
uild
ing
role
s of
the
Wor
ld B
ank
and
the
“ext
ract
ive
indu
strie
s” (
i.e.
min
ing)
.
Bio
gra
phy
Ian
Lille
y is
Rea
der
in A
borig
inal
and
Tor
res
Str
ait
Isla
nder
Stu
dies
at
UQ
. H
e ha
s w
orke
d in
Aus
tral
asia
n an
d In
do-P
acifi
c ar
chae
olog
y an
d he
ritag
e m
anag
emen
t fo
r 30
yea
rs.
He
curr
ently
doe
s re
sear
ch in
the
Gul
f of C
arpe
ntar
ia a
nd h
as a
pro
ject
in N
ew C
aled
onia
with
Fre
nch
colle
ague
s. H
e is
Sec
reta
ry o
f the
Wor
ld A
rcha
eolo
gica
l Con
gres
s, is
on
the
Exe
cutiv
e C
omm
ittee
of t
he In
do-P
acifi
c P
rehi
stor
y A
ssoc
iatio
n an
d is
a m
embe
r of
Aus
tral
ia IC
OM
OS
. His
mos
t rec
ent b
ook
is A
rcha
eolo
gy o
f Oce
ania
: Aus
tral
ia a
nd th
e P
acifi
c Is
land
s (B
lack
wel
l 200
6).
Abs
tract
s
Her
itage
, Ide
ntity
, C
onfli
ct a
nd H
uman
Rig
hts
Par
t 3: A
rcha
eolo
gy, H
erita
ge a
nd R
econ
cilia
tion
in A
sia
Con
ven
ors
: W
illia
m L
ogan
an
d T
racy
Irela
nd
Th
e R
ole
of
Arc
haeolo
gy
an
d C
ult
ura
l H
eri
tage in
Peaceb
uild
ing in
Afg
han
ista
n
Bro
oke
Rog
ers
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er e
xplo
res
the
pote
ntia
l rol
e of
arc
haeo
logy
and
cul
tura
l her
itage
in p
eace
build
ing
in p
ost-
confl
ict
Afg
hani
stan
. Th
e sa
fegu
ardi
ng
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge,
both
tan
gibl
e an
d in
tang
ible
, in
clud
ing
mus
eum
s, m
onum
ents
, ar
chae
olog
ical
site
s, m
usic
, ar
t an
d tr
aditi
onal
cra
fts is
si
gnifi
cant
in t
erm
s of
str
engt
heni
ng c
ultu
ral i
dent
ity a
nd a
sen
se o
f nat
iona
l int
egrit
y. In
Afg
hani
stan
, ar
chae
olog
y an
d cu
ltura
l her
itage
can
be
com
e a
rally
ing
poin
t for
form
er a
dver
sarie
s, e
nabl
ing
them
to re
-bui
ld ti
es, f
acilit
ate
dial
ogue
and
re-d
esig
n a
com
mon
iden
tity
and
a fu
ture
to
geth
er. T
his
pape
r exa
min
es th
e pr
actic
al li
nk b
etw
een
peac
ebui
ldin
g, a
rcha
eolo
gy a
nd c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t. A
n ex
plor
atio
n of
key
el
emen
ts o
f pea
cebu
ildin
g re
veal
s th
at c
omm
unity
-bas
ed a
rcha
eolo
gy a
nd c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t ca
n co
ntrib
ute
to t
he e
xpre
ssio
n an
d pr
omot
ion
of a
n al
l in
clus
ive
Afg
han
iden
tity,
and
stim
ulat
e, u
tilis
e an
d st
reng
then
loc
al c
apac
ities
thr
ough
com
mun
ity m
obilis
atio
n.
Furt
herm
ore,
arc
haeo
logy
and
cul
tura
l her
itage
man
agem
ent
can
crea
te s
pace
for
dial
ogue
bet
wee
n st
akeh
olde
rs, t
he in
clus
ion
of w
omen
, th
e ut
ilisat
ion
of c
omm
unity
reso
urce
s, a
nd e
mpl
oym
ent o
ppor
tuni
ties,
all
of w
hich
con
trib
ute
to s
usta
inab
le p
eace
.
Bio
gra
phy
Bro
oke
Rog
ers
is a
PhD
can
dida
te in
the
Sch
ool o
f Pol
itica
l Sci
ence
and
Inte
rnat
iona
l Stu
dies
at T
he U
nive
rsity
of Q
ueen
slan
d. S
he h
olds
a
Mas
ter o
f Int
erna
tiona
l Stu
dies
(Pea
ce a
nd C
onfli
ct R
esol
utio
n), M
aste
r of A
rts
(Egy
ptol
ogy)
and
a B
ache
lor o
f Art
s (A
nthr
opol
ogy)
. Bro
oke
has
exca
vate
d in
Lux
or, E
gypt
, as
part
of t
he A
ustr
alia
n C
entr
e fo
r Egy
ptol
ogy
Theb
an T
ombs
Pro
ject
. She
als
o ha
s N
AS
/AIM
A tr
aini
ng in
fore
shor
e an
d un
derw
ater
arc
haeo
logy
. H
er r
esea
rch
inte
rest
s in
clud
e th
e ar
chae
olog
y an
d he
ritag
e of
Egy
pt a
nd t
he N
ear
Eas
t, pe
aceb
uild
ing
and
post
-war
reco
nstr
uctio
n in
the
Mid
dle
Eas
t, an
d th
e im
pact
of c
onfli
ct o
n cu
ltura
l site
s an
d m
ater
ials
.
Heri
tage a
nd
Id
en
tity
: A
Case
of
Local
Com
mu
nit
y C
on
necti
on
s w
ith
th
e H
isto
ric R
elic
s of
an
An
gkore
an
P
ast
Sen
thilp
avai
Kas
iann
an
Ab
stra
ct
This
pap
er t
alks
abo
ut c
onte
mpo
rary
cul
tura
l con
nect
ions
of t
he lo
cal c
omm
unity
and
the
ram
ifica
tions
on
the
herit
age
man
agem
ent
of t
he
Ang
kor
Arc
haeo
logi
cal P
ark
in C
ambo
dia.
Ang
kor
arch
aeol
ogic
al p
ark
is a
com
plex
arr
ay o
f te
mpl
es,
wat
er r
eser
voirs
, po
nds,
can
als,
bun
ds,
road
s, e
mba
nkm
ents
, vi
llage
pon
ds,
shrin
es, r
uins
and
arc
haeo
logi
cal m
ound
s. T
he c
ompl
exity
of t
he la
ndsc
ape
is y
et to
be
unde
rsto
od.
The
loca
l com
mun
ity li
ving
am
ongs
t thi
s tr
easu
re tr
ove
of a
rcha
eolo
gica
l rem
ains
is a
s ‘fr
agile
’ as
the
cultu
ral r
esou
rce
itsel
f. Th
e Th
erav
adan
B
uddh
ist
com
mun
ity h
as c
ultu
ral a
ssoc
iatio
ns w
ith t
he h
isto
rical
tem
ples
pre
dom
inan
tly d
edic
ated
to
Hin
du d
eitie
s th
roug
h th
e w
orsh
ip o
f N
eak
Ta (a
nces
tral
spi
rits)
. The
se p
ract
ices
con
tinue
till
date
but
the
rele
vanc
e an
d st
reng
th o
f bel
iefs
is d
imin
ishi
ng in
the
mod
ern
wor
ld a
nd
is n
ot e
noug
h to
sus
tain
pro
tect
ion
of th
e he
ritag
e fa
bric
.
Esc
alat
ion
in d
evel
opm
ent i
s ca
usin
g a
grea
t dea
l of p
ress
ure
and
stre
ss o
n th
e fra
gile
, cul
tura
lly r
ich
arch
aeol
ogic
al la
ndsc
ape.
Cha
nges
to
the
land
due
to lo
otin
g, le
velin
g, m
oder
n co
nstr
uctio
ns a
nd la
rge
scal
e de
velo
pmen
ts m
ake
grou
nd re
ality
of h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t diffi
cult.
It is
impe
rativ
e to
und
erst
and
the
chan
ges
to c
ultu
ral b
elie
f sys
tem
s an
d lo
cal c
omm
unity
vie
ws
of t
heir
cultu
ral l
ands
cape
for
purp
oses
of
man
agin
g th
is u
niqu
e w
orld
her
itage
site
.
This
pap
er fo
rms
part
of a
PhD
res
earc
h tit
led:
Re-
Inte
rpre
ting
the
Gre
ater
Ang
kor
Cul
tura
l Lan
dsca
pe:
An
Inte
grat
ed a
ppro
ach
to C
ultu
ral
Her
itage
Man
agem
ent u
sing
GIS
and
Spa
tial M
odel
ing
Bio
gra
phy
Sen
thilp
avai
Kas
iann
an t
rain
ed a
s an
arc
hite
ct w
ith s
peci
alis
atio
n in
Arc
hite
ctur
al C
onse
rvat
ion.
She
wor
ked
as a
Her
itage
Con
sulta
nt o
n a
num
ber
of p
roje
cts
rela
ted
to H
erita
ge M
anag
emen
t in
clud
ing
Cul
tura
l Res
ourc
e in
vent
oryi
ng,
Map
ping
of
Her
itage
res
ourc
es,
Dat
abas
e fo
r H
erita
ge in
vent
orie
s, R
esto
ratio
n pl
ans,
Con
serv
atio
n M
anag
emen
t pl
ans,
Wor
ld H
erita
ge S
ite A
sses
smen
t re
port
and
was
invo
lved
in
rest
orat
ion
and
reno
vatio
n of
som
e ke
y he
ritag
e bu
ildin
gs in
diff
eren
t pa
rts
of I
ndia
and
Aus
tral
ia.
She
is c
urre
ntly
pur
suin
g he
r do
ctor
al
rese
arch
in U
nive
rsity
of
Syd
ney.
Her
res
earc
h ai
ms
to r
e-in
terp
ret
the
Gre
ater
Ang
kor
Cul
tura
l lan
dsca
pe u
sing
Geo
grap
hica
l Inf
orm
atio
n S
yste
ms.
She
aim
s to
est
ablis
h th
e si
gnifi
canc
e of
Ang
kor
thro
ugh
the
pers
pect
ive
of it
s lo
cal c
omm
unity
.
40
Abs
tract
s
Liv
ing W
ith
Heri
tage:
Man
agin
g C
on
test
ed
Valu
es
at
Gre
ate
r A
ngkor
Ric
hard
Mac
kay
and
Sha
ron
Sul
livan
Ab
stra
ct
The
Wor
ld-H
erita
ge c
itatio
n fo
r Ang
kor c
eleb
rate
s its
uni
que
artis
tic re
alis
atio
n, te
chni
cal a
chie
vem
ent a
nd te
stam
ent t
o a
“pas
t” c
iviliz
atio
n.
Milli
ons
of a
vid
inte
rnat
iona
l tou
rists
floc
k to
thi
s po
ores
t of
the
man
y po
or C
ambo
dian
pro
vinc
es t
o en
joy
the
“rui
ns”
- so
me,
no
doub
t, in
spire
d by
the
hack
neye
d im
ages
of t
he “
tom
b ra
ider
”. B
y st
ark
cont
rast
, con
tem
pora
ry C
ambo
dian
s se
e a
prim
e va
lue
of th
e pl
ace
as
a co
ntin
uing
sym
bol o
f Khm
er c
ultu
re a
nd id
entit
y. S
ince
the
wes
tern
wor
ld “
disc
over
ed”
Ang
kor
in t
he e
ight
eent
h ce
ntur
y, it
has
bee
n at
onc
e fa
scin
ated
by
its r
oman
ce a
nd b
eaut
y an
d co
nfus
ed a
bout
its
real
nat
ure
and
exte
nt. W
hat
has
been
inte
rpre
ted
in t
he p
ast
as
a “s
ite”
or t
he “
rem
ains
of
a lo
st c
iviliz
atio
n” is
now
und
erst
ood
as a
com
plex
and
diff
eren
t pl
ace:
not
just
one
site
, bu
t a
grea
t m
any
inte
rrel
ated
site
s, to
geth
er c
ompr
isin
g a
vast
laye
red
cultu
ral l
ands
cape
of W
orld
Her
itage
sig
nific
ance
; not
the
ruin
s of
a fo
rmer
soc
iety
, bu
t the
hub
of a
stil
l thr
ivin
g cu
lture
and
relig
ion.
Syd
ney
Uni
vers
ity’s
Gre
ater
Ang
kor
Pro
ject
(G
AP
) ha
s be
en c
ontr
ibut
ing
to t
he r
e-ap
prai
sal o
f A
ngko
r, th
roug
h ar
chae
olog
ical
sur
vey
exca
vatio
n an
d re
late
d te
chni
ques
, ge
nera
ting
a va
st b
ody
of d
ata
that
is b
eing
syn
thes
ised
and
ana
lyse
d th
roug
h ad
vanc
ed G
IS.
It is
no
w k
now
n th
at c
urre
nt a
rcha
eolo
gica
l par
k at
Ang
kor
was
the
cultu
ral c
entr
e of
a m
assi
ve lo
w-d
ensi
ty m
etro
polis
ext
endi
ng o
ver
mor
e th
an a
thou
sand
squ
are
kilo
met
res;
the
larg
est k
now
city
in th
e pr
e-in
dust
rial w
orld
. It i
s al
so h
ome
to h
undr
eds
of th
ousa
nds
of K
hmer
, m
any
of w
hom
are
cul
tura
lly a
nd e
cono
mic
ally
dis
loca
ted
from
bot
h th
e te
mpl
es a
nd th
e bo
urge
onin
g to
uris
t ind
ustr
y.
A m
ajor
cha
lleng
e at
Ang
kor
is t
o pr
ovid
e an
app
ropr
iate
res
pons
e to
all
of t
he h
erita
ge v
alue
s of
thi
s pl
ace
- ev
en w
hen
thes
e ar
e co
ntes
ted
or in
con
flict
with
oth
er m
anag
emen
t obj
ectiv
es. A
val
ues-
base
d ap
proa
ch, f
ound
ed o
n ac
tive
invo
lvem
ent o
f int
eres
ted
peop
le
offe
rs a
fram
ewor
k fo
r ef
fect
ive
herit
age
man
agem
ent.
Bio
gra
phy
Pro
f Ric
hard
Mac
kay,
AM
Ric
hard
Mac
kay
is a
Dire
ctor
of G
odde
n M
acka
y Lo
gan
Pty
Ltd
, Her
itage
Con
sulta
nts,
and
Adj
unct
Pro
fess
or in
the
Arc
haeo
logy
Pro
gram
at
La
Trob
e U
nive
rsity
. He
is a
form
er m
embe
r of
the
NS
W H
erita
ge C
ounc
il an
d fo
rmer
Cha
ir of
the
Sta
te H
erita
ge R
egis
ter
Com
mitt
ee
and
Arc
haeo
logi
cal A
dvis
ory
Pan
el. H
e ha
s se
rved
as
an e
lect
ed D
irect
or o
f the
Nat
iona
l Tru
st in
NS
W a
nd w
as a
mem
ber o
f the
Aus
tral
ia
ICO
MO
S B
urra
Cha
rter
Wor
king
Par
ty.
He
is c
urre
ntly
par
t of
an
inte
rnat
iona
l tea
m,
wor
king
with
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f S
ydne
y an
d ot
her
proj
ect p
artn
ers
on a
val
ues-
base
d pa
rtic
ipat
ory
plan
ning
pro
ject
at G
reat
er A
ngko
r, C
ambo
dia.
Pro
f Sha
ron
Sul
livan
, AO
Sha
ron
Sul
livan
is th
e re
tired
Exe
cutiv
e D
irect
or o
f the
Aus
tral
ian
Her
itage
Com
mis
sion
and
form
er A
ustr
alia
n re
pres
enta
tive
on th
e W
orld
H
erita
ge C
omm
ittee
. S
he h
as w
orke
d an
d pu
blis
hed
exte
nsiv
ely
on c
ultu
ral
herit
age
man
agem
ent
in A
ustr
alia
, th
e U
SA
, C
hina
and
C
ambo
dia.
Her
pub
lishe
d w
orks
incl
ude,
with
Dr
Mic
hael
Pea
rson
, Lo
okin
g af
ter
Her
itage
Pla
ces.
She
is a
n A
djun
ct P
rofe
ssor
at
thre
e A
ustr
alia
n un
iver
sitie
s, a
n ho
nora
ry li
fe m
embe
r of I
CO
MO
S, a
mem
ber o
f the
Inst
itute
of A
borig
inal
and
Tor
res
Str
aigh
t Isl
ande
r Stu
dies
, D
eput
y C
hair
of th
e N
SW
Her
itage
Cou
ncil
and
of th
e P
ort A
rthu
r His
toric
Site
Aut
horit
y an
d C
hair
of A
ustr
alia
’s N
atio
nal C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge
Foru
m.
Dig
a H
ole
an
d B
ury
th
e P
ast
in
It”
: R
econ
cili
ati
on
an
d t
he H
eri
tage o
f G
en
ocid
e in
Cam
bod
ia
Col
in L
ong
and
Kei
r R
eeve
s
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
od
uctio
n
This
pap
er e
xam
ines
the
effo
rt to
pre
sent
the
Cam
bodi
an to
wn
of A
nlon
g Ve
ng, t
he fo
rmer
last
bas
tion
of th
e K
hmer
Rou
ge, a
s a
herit
age
tour
ism
site
. It
look
s at
sev
eral
site
s, in
clud
ing
Pol
Pot
’s g
rave
and
the
hou
se o
f the
form
er m
ilitar
y co
mm
ande
r, Ta
Mok
, and
con
side
rs
whe
ther
the
pres
erva
tion
of th
ese
site
s he
lps
in u
nder
stan
ding
and
com
mem
orat
ing
Cam
bodi
a’s
trau
mat
ic h
isto
ry.
Dis
cuss
ion
The
pape
r exa
min
es c
ompl
ex is
sues
aro
und
the
trea
tmen
t of p
lace
s of
trau
ma
and
suffe
ring
as h
erita
ge s
ites.
Why
do
we
wan
t to
pres
erve
su
ch s
ites?
To
prev
ent
forg
ettin
g? T
o ai
d in
rec
onci
liatio
n? In
tra
umat
ised
soc
ietie
s w
hat
is m
ost
impo
rtan
t –
just
ice
or r
econ
cilia
tion?
If
the
latt
er, d
oes
the
pres
erva
tion
of s
ites
of tr
aum
a he
lp in
ach
ievi
ng re
conc
iliatio
n?
The
pape
r is
bas
ed o
n fie
ld r
esea
rch
in A
nlon
g Ve
ng a
nd c
oncl
udes
tha
t pr
eser
vatio
n of
the
Anl
ong
Veng
site
s do
es li
ttle
to
furt
her
unde
rsta
ndin
g or
com
mem
orat
ion
of C
ambo
dia’
s tr
agic
his
tory
.
Co
nclu
sio
n
The
pape
r ar
gues
tha
t in
cou
ntrie
s su
ch a
s C
ambo
dia,
whe
re t
here
hav
e be
en g
ross
inf
ringe
men
ts o
f hu
man
rig
hts,
jus
tice
and/
or
reco
ncilia
tion
are
pres
sing
nee
ds. I
t ask
s w
heth
er c
omm
emor
atio
n of
diffi
cult,
trau
mat
ic h
erita
ge s
ites
can
cont
ribut
e to
the
real
isat
ion
of
eith
er ju
stic
e or
reco
ncilia
tion.
Bio
gra
phy
Col
in L
ong
lect
ures
in c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge a
nd A
sian
stu
dies
at D
eaki
n U
nive
rsity
. He
is a
n ur
ban
hist
oria
n w
ith in
tere
sts
in V
ietn
ames
e, L
ao
and
Cam
bodi
an h
isto
ry a
nd h
erita
ge,
Aus
tral
ian
urba
n hi
stor
y, a
nd h
erita
ge in
pos
t-co
mm
unis
t so
ciet
ies.
His
rec
ent
publ
icat
ions
ran
ge
from
foot
ball
and
urba
n pl
anni
ng in
Mel
bour
ne to
trad
ition
al h
ousi
ng in
Lao
s an
d th
e us
e of
her
itage
in p
ost-
com
mun
ist n
atio
ns.
Pos
ters
His
tori
c Q
ueen
slan
d -
Sta
te-w
ide A
ssess
men
t in
th
e T
rop
ics
Ray
Sup
ple
Ab
stra
ct
The
Que
ensl
and
Gov
ernm
ent
has
initi
ated
a s
tate
-wid
e as
sess
men
t of
his
toric
pla
ces.
Thi
s st
rate
gic
asse
ssm
ent
is g
uide
d by
a t
hem
atic
cu
ltura
l her
itage
con
text
stu
dy p
repa
red
by T
hom
Bla
ke a
nd a
met
hodo
logy
fram
ewor
k fo
r ent
erin
g pl
aces
on
the
Que
ensl
and
Her
itage
Reg
iste
r pr
epar
ed b
y th
e H
erita
ge B
ranc
h of
the
EPA
. The
ass
essm
ent w
ill hi
ghlig
ht th
e pa
tter
n of
pos
t Eur
opea
n se
ttle
men
t and
dev
elop
men
t, an
d w
ill no
min
ate
plac
es to
the
Que
ensl
and
Her
itage
Reg
iste
r. It
will
draw
out
the
regi
onal
them
atic
and
env
ironm
enta
l infl
uenc
es w
hich
con
trib
ute
to
tellin
g th
e st
ory
of Q
ueen
slan
d, in
clud
ing
the
Trop
ics.
The
ass
essm
ent p
roce
ss w
ill in
volv
e an
d en
gage
com
mun
ities
in th
e id
entifi
catio
n an
d en
cour
age
thei
r ong
oing
par
ticip
atio
n in
the
prot
ectio
n of
thei
r cul
tura
l her
itage
. The
pos
ter w
ill us
e ex
ampl
es to
out
line
the
appl
icat
ion
of th
e th
emat
ic a
ppro
ach
and
met
hodo
logy
fram
ewor
k to
the
Trop
ics
of F
NQ
.
Bio
gra
phy
Ray
Sup
ple
has
twen
ty y
ears
exp
erie
nce
in th
e m
anag
emen
t of h
isto
ric h
erita
ge p
lace
s, m
ostly
pla
ces
rela
ting
to s
ettle
men
t, m
inin
g, m
illing
, fo
rest
ry,
graz
ing
and
ship
ping
. Th
is e
xper
ienc
e ha
s be
en o
btai
ned
whi
le w
orki
ng w
ith p
ublic
land
man
agem
ent
agen
cies
, th
e m
ost
rece
nt
bein
g P
ark
Vic
toria
. An
impo
rtan
t par
t of h
is ro
le o
ver
the
past
5 y
ears
is c
onve
ning
the
Aus
tral
ian
Alp
s C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge W
orki
ng G
roup
.
Th
e R
ise,
Fall,
an
d R
ecre
ati
on
of
the T
hom
pso
n P
ark
Vis
itor
Cen
ter
Ann
e W
eber
Ab
stra
ct
Just
as
a m
ulti-
year
rest
orat
ion
proc
ess
was
nea
ring
com
plet
ion
at th
e Th
omps
on P
ark
Vis
itor C
ente
r in
Mon
mou
th C
ount
y, N
J, a
con
trac
tor’s
to
rch
star
ted
a fir
e th
at s
prea
d th
roug
h th
e w
alls
to
the
attic
and
roo
f, sp
urre
d by
40
mph
win
ds.
Mira
culo
usly,
no
lives
wer
e sa
crifi
ced;
ho
wev
er, t
he b
uild
ing
was
a c
ompl
ete
loss
.
Bui
lt in
189
5 to
the
desi
gns
of C
arre
re a
nd H
astin
gs, t
he V
isito
r Cen
ter o
nce
stoo
d as
the
cent
erpi
ece
of B
rook
dale
Far
m, a
not
ed th
orou
ghbr
ed
farm
. The
bui
ldin
g w
as re
mod
eled
and
exp
ande
d by
Del
ano
and
Ald
rich
afte
r a
fire
in 1
923,
and
the
Farm
was
beq
ueat
hed
to th
e C
ount
y in
19
68. T
he C
ount
y be
gan
a co
mpr
ehen
sive
reha
bilit
atio
n of
this
bel
oved
loca
l lan
dmar
k in
199
9.
This
pre
sent
atio
n w
ill lo
ok a
t th
ree
criti
cal c
ompo
nent
s of
dis
aste
r re
spon
se:
pre-
disa
ster
pla
nnin
g an
d re
adin
ess;
ass
essm
ent
of lo
ss;
and
plan
ning
for
rec
over
y. O
ther
s fa
cing
the
tas
k of
rep
laci
ng s
uch
a liv
ing
mon
umen
t ca
n us
e M
onm
outh
Cou
nty’
s pr
oces
s, w
hich
too
k in
to
acco
unt
the
valu
e of
the
loss
and
the
nee
ds o
f the
Par
k S
yste
m, l
ocal
res
iden
ts, a
nd t
he c
ultu
ral r
esou
rce,
as
a m
odel
. Con
stru
ctio
n of
the
ne
w V
isito
r C
ente
r is
exp
ecte
d to
beg
in in
the
sum
mer
of 2
007.
Bio
gra
phy
Ann
e E
. W
eber
, A
IA is
an
arch
itect
spe
cial
izin
g in
his
toric
pre
serv
atio
n w
ith F
arew
ell M
ills G
atsc
h A
rchi
tect
s in
Prin
ceto
n, N
J, U
SA
. H
er
proj
ects
hav
e in
clud
ed r
esto
ratio
n of
the
New
Jer
sey
Sta
teho
use,
the
Ess
ex C
ount
y C
ourt
hous
e, P
rince
ton
Uni
vers
ity C
hape
l, an
d N
ewar
k,
NJ
City
Hal
l.
Ms.
Web
er is
a m
embe
r of t
he B
oard
of D
irect
ors
of th
e A
ssoc
iatio
n fo
r Pre
serv
atio
n Te
chno
logy
Inte
rnat
iona
l (A
PT,
) and
hol
ds d
egre
es fr
om
Yale
and
Col
umbi
a U
nive
rsiti
es.
Con
serv
ing t
he N
ort
h R
eef
Lig
hth
ou
se
Pet
er M
arqu
is-K
yle
Ab
stra
ct
The
post
er w
ill pr
esen
t an
d illu
stra
te s
ome
issu
es a
roun
d th
e co
ntin
ued
use
and
cons
erva
tion
of a
ligh
thou
se b
uilt
in 1
877
on N
orth
Ree
f, ab
out
100
km o
ffsho
re f
rom
Gla
dsto
ne,
Que
ensl
and.
The
lig
htho
use
stru
ctur
e in
corp
orat
es t
he l
ight
keep
ers’
qua
rter
s, a
nd i
s bu
ilt o
n a
cast
iron
cai
sson
sun
k in
to a
sm
all s
and
isla
nd in
the
mid
dle
of a
frin
ging
reef
. It i
s th
e la
rges
t, an
d th
e m
ost r
emar
kabl
e, o
f the
doz
en m
ajor
lig
htho
uses
bui
lt al
ong
the
Que
ensl
and
coas
t in
the
1870
s an
d 18
80s
usin
g a
uniq
ue fo
rm o
f iro
n-pl
ated
, tim
ber-
fram
ed c
onst
ruct
ion.
It w
as c
onve
rted
to a
utom
atic
sol
ar o
pera
tion
and
de-s
taffe
d in
198
7.
It re
mai
ns a
n im
port
ant
aid
to n
avig
atio
n. It
’s o
ngoi
ng c
are
is c
ompl
icat
ed b
y di
fficu
lty o
f ac
cess
(gen
eral
ly b
y he
licop
ter),
the
nat
ure
of it
s co
nstr
uctio
n, a
nd th
e fa
ct th
at p
art o
f the
str
uctu
re is
bel
ow s
ea le
vel.
Few
peo
ple
are
able
to s
ee it
at c
lose
qua
rter
s.
The
issu
es in
volv
ed to
uch
on s
ever
al o
f the
con
fere
nce
them
es, p
artic
ular
ly C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge in
the
Trop
ics,
The
Wat
ery
Rea
lm, a
nd A
rchi
tect
ure
in th
e E
xtre
me.
For
phot
os a
nd o
ther
info
rmat
ion
see
http
://w
ww
.ligh
thou
se.n
et.a
u/lig
hts/
QLD
/Nor
th%
20R
eef/
Nor
th%
20R
eef.h
tm
Bio
gra
phy
Pet
er M
arqu
is-K
yle
is a
con
sulta
nt c
onse
rvat
ion
arch
itect
bas
ed in
Bris
bane
. He
was
a m
embe
r of t
he A
ustr
alia
ICO
MO
S e
xecu
tive
com
mitt
ee
1984
-199
0, a
nd c
o-au
thor
of
‘The
Illu
stra
ted
Bur
ra C
hart
er’.
He
has
serv
ed o
n th
e Q
ueen
slan
d H
erita
ge C
ounc
il an
d th
e B
risba
ne C
ity
Cou
ncil
Her
itage
Adv
isor
y C
omm
ittee
. H
e is
cur
rent
ly e
ngag
ed o
n a
cond
ition
and
mai
nten
ance
sur
vey
of t
he h
erita
ge li
sted
ligh
thou
ses
in
the
Aus
tral
ian
Mar
itim
e S
afet
y A
utho
rity
fleet
(of w
hich
ther
e ar
e ab
out 6
0, in
clud
ing
Nor
th R
eef L
ight
hous
e).
4243
Pos
ters
Ext
rem
e H
eri
tage -
Hig
h C
ou
ntr
y H
uts
Ann
e S
edgl
ey a
nd C
hris
Sm
ith
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
od
uctio
n
The
high
cou
ntry
hut
s of
the
Vic
toria
n A
lps
wer
e bu
ilt in
rem
ote
plac
es t
o pr
ovid
e sh
elte
r fro
m e
xtre
me
clim
atic
con
ditio
ns. A
fter
surv
ivin
g a
cent
ury
they
wer
e de
vast
ated
by
bush
fires
in 2
003
and
2006
. Wha
t has
bee
n lo
st?
Wha
t sur
vive
s? W
ho c
ares
, and
why
?
Dis
cuss
ion
Hut
s ar
e of
ten
the
mos
t ta
ngib
le e
vide
nce
of a
lpin
e he
ritag
e, s
omet
imes
the
onl
y ev
iden
ce. H
uts
enga
ge p
eopl
e: t
hey
are
ofte
n m
uch
mor
e ev
ocat
ive
of li
ving
and
wor
king
rem
otel
y th
an a
n aq
uedu
ct o
r cai
rn. P
ublic
att
achm
ent t
o hi
gh c
ount
ry h
uts
was
not
fully
real
ised
unt
il th
e 20
03
fires
des
troy
ed s
o m
any
of th
em. A
com
mun
ity g
roup
, the
VH
CH
A (V
icto
rian
Hig
h C
ount
ry H
uts
Ass
ocia
tion)
, for
med
initi
ally
to e
stab
lish
how
m
any
huts
wer
e bu
rnt,
and
how
man
y su
rviv
ed. P
arks
Vic
toria
com
mis
sion
ed a
sur
vey
of h
uts
in 2
004-
2005
. The
effe
ct o
f the
200
6 fir
es is
de
scrib
ed, a
long
with
the
resp
onse
of g
over
nmen
t and
of c
omm
unity
gro
ups.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Clim
ate
chan
ge p
redi
cts
mor
e bu
shfir
es. H
igh
coun
try
huts
are
a d
win
dlin
g re
sour
ce. T
he fe
wer
we
have
, the
mor
e w
e m
ust
wor
k to
geth
er
to p
rote
ct th
em in
the
extr
eme
alpi
ne e
nviro
nmen
t. Tw
o ap
proa
ches
to th
is, p
artn
ersh
ip b
etw
een
gove
rnm
ent a
nd c
omm
unity
and
new
fire
-fig
htin
g te
chni
ques
, will
be d
escr
ibed
.
Bio
grap
hy
Chr
is S
mith
has
wor
ked
in c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge s
ince
198
5, in
var
ious
Vic
toria
n la
nd m
anag
emen
t de
part
men
ts.
For
the
last
10
year
s he
has
w
orke
d in
Par
ks V
icto
ria.
He
has
been
pro
ject
arc
hite
ct f
or n
umer
ous
publ
icly
-ow
ned
hist
oric
pla
ces,
incl
udin
g A
nder
son’
s M
ill, D
ay’s
Mill,
W
alha
lla P
ost O
ffice
and
Woo
dlan
ds H
omes
tead
. He
has
part
icip
ated
in m
anag
emen
t pla
nnin
g fo
r dis
used
gov
ernm
ent b
uild
ings
, esp
ecia
lly
cour
thou
ses.
He
has
been
invo
lved
in w
ork
on h
isto
ric a
lpin
e hu
ts fr
om th
e ea
rly 1
990s
, mos
t rec
ently
with
VH
CH
A o
n Fr
ed F
ry’s
Hut
on
the
How
qua
Riv
er.
Ann
e S
edgl
ey w
orke
d in
aca
dem
ic,
gove
rnm
ent
and
rese
arch
libr
arie
s fo
r 30
yea
rs,
leap
ing
the
wal
l to
join
Her
itage
Vic
toria
in 1
997.
S
he
has
man
aged
HV
’s In
form
atio
n S
ervi
ces
sinc
e th
en.
She
coo
rdin
ates
HV
’s R
egio
nal L
iais
on O
ffice
rs’
prog
ram
, an
d is
the
liai
son
offic
er fo
r G
ipps
land
. A k
een
bush
wal
ker,
skie
r an
d fo
rmer
sno
w c
ampe
r, sh
e sa
w h
er fi
rst h
igh
coun
try
hut a
ged
12, a
nd k
eeps
goi
ng b
ack.
In 2
004,
sh
e to
ok le
ave
from
HV
to ta
ke p
art i
n G
raem
e B
utle
r’s s
urve
y of
hig
h co
untr
y hu
ts,
surv
eyin
g ne
arly
60.
She
is a
vol
unte
er h
erita
ge a
dvis
or
to th
e V
HC
HA
.
Alt
ern
ati
ve M
an
agem
en
t S
ch
em
e f
or
Cu
ltu
ral H
eri
tage P
roje
cts
- B
ase
d o
n P
roje
ct
Man
agem
en
t B
od
y of
Kn
ow
led
ge
Moh
amm
adrz
a H
ajia
likha
ni
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
oduc
tion
The
idea
of
usin
g “P
roje
ct M
anag
emen
t B
ody
of K
now
ledg
e (P
MB
OK
gui
de),
for
man
agin
g cu
ltura
l her
itage
site
s w
as d
evel
oped
und
er
a di
sser
tatio
n to
pic
for
grad
uatio
n in
MS
c. d
egre
e in
pro
ject
man
agem
ent.
It w
as d
iscu
ssed
tha
t P
MB
OK
may
be
usef
ul a
s an
alte
rnat
ive
appr
oach
for
man
agem
ent o
f som
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
site
s.
Dis
cuss
ion
This
pap
er is
goi
ng t
o in
trod
uce
PM
BO
K t
o th
e he
ritag
e si
te m
anag
ers.
The
n by
ada
ptin
g th
e re
spon
sibi
litie
s of
cul
tura
l her
itage
man
ager
s w
ith P
MB
OK
, it i
s tr
ied
to p
rese
nt a
sch
eme
for
cultu
ral h
erita
ge c
onse
rvat
ion
proj
ects
.
The
mai
n co
re o
f the
idea
is e
xam
inin
g th
e fe
asib
ility
of c
onsi
derin
g co
nser
vatio
n ac
tiviti
es o
f som
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
site
s as
a “
proj
ect”
, and
al
so fe
asib
ility
of a
pply
ing
proj
ect
man
agem
ent
appr
oach
for
man
agem
ent
of t
his
kind
of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge s
ites.
In t
he n
ext
step
s th
e m
ain
docu
men
ts o
f the
pro
ject
whi
ch e
nlig
hten
the
man
agem
ent
proc
edur
e, a
re p
ropo
sed
by a
ddin
g up
the
gui
delin
es fo
r pr
ojec
t m
anag
emen
t an
d th
e re
spon
sibi
litie
s of
cul
tura
l her
itage
site
man
agem
ent t
oget
her.
Con
clus
ion
As
it m
ay b
e se
en in
thi
s pa
per,
the
idea
of
usin
g P
MB
OK
gui
de li
ne o
f sh
ows
the
man
ager
s of
her
itage
con
serv
atio
n pr
ojec
ts,
a us
eful
al
tern
ativ
e ap
proa
ch fo
r m
anag
emen
t of c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge s
ite, a
nd a
pro
pose
d m
anag
emen
t sch
eme
is p
rese
nted
.
Bio
gra
phy
Moh
amm
adrz
a H
ajia
likha
ni i
s a
grad
uate
Civ
il E
ngin
eer
(199
1),
and
has
a M
Sc.
in
Pro
ject
Man
agem
ent
(200
6),
with
exp
erie
nce
in c
ivil
engi
neer
ing
for
15 y
ears
. Th
e to
pic
of M
SC
dis
sert
atio
n w
as s
elec
ted
as “
Man
agem
ent
Sch
eme
for
cultu
ral h
erita
ge m
anag
emen
t ba
sed
on p
roje
ct m
anag
emen
t bo
dy o
f kn
owle
dge
(PM
BO
K).
A p
aper
abo
ut t
his
topi
c w
as p
rese
nted
in
the
1st
Inte
rnat
iona
l C
onfe
renc
e on
: “S
usta
inab
le L
ocal
Her
itage
Con
serv
atio
n, T
he T
rans
disc
iplin
ary
App
roac
h”, (
17-1
9 N
ovem
ber
2006
, Udo
ntha
ni, T
haila
nd,)
, dis
cuss
ing
the
appl
icab
ility
of P
MB
OK
for
herit
age
site
man
agem
ent.
Pos
ters
St
Kild
a -
Liv
ing o
n t
he E
dge
Sus
an B
ain
and
Sam
anth
a D
enni
s
Ab
stra
ct
Intr
oduc
tion
The
trad
ition
al a
rchi
tect
ure
of S
t Kild
a in
the
Wes
tern
Isle
s w
as b
uilt
to w
ithst
and
the
mos
t ext
rem
e w
ind,
rain
and
sto
rms
in B
ritai
n. F
ollo
win
g th
e ev
acua
tion
of th
e is
land
in 1
930,
the
arch
itect
ure
rem
ains
as
a ke
y to
the
isla
nder
s’ s
trug
gle
agai
nst e
xtre
me
cond
ition
s.
Dis
cuss
ion
The
isla
nds
of S
t K
ilda
(a d
ual W
orld
Her
itage
Site
) lie
in t
he A
tlant
ic 1
00 m
iles
wes
t of
mai
nlan
d S
cotla
nd.
For
thou
sand
s of
yea
rs h
uman
s ha
ve a
dapt
ed t
heir
built
env
ironm
ent
to s
urvi
ve t
he e
xtre
me
cond
ition
s. O
ne e
xam
ple
is t
he u
niqu
e cl
eits
, or
sto
ne-b
uilt
stor
age
stru
ctur
es,
built
to ta
ke a
dvan
tage
of t
he w
ind
to d
ry a
nd p
rese
rve
thei
r foo
dstu
ffs a
nd fu
el. A
noth
er e
xam
ple
is th
e te
chni
que
of u
sing
sto
nes
to ti
e do
wn
hous
e ro
of m
ater
ial.
Our
cha
lleng
e is
to s
urve
y, in
terp
ret a
nd c
onse
rve
thes
e st
ruct
ures
on
isla
nds
whe
re g
ale
forc
e w
inds
hit
75 d
ays
a ye
ar, a
nd h
urric
ane
forc
e w
inds
str
ike
annu
ally.
Arc
haeo
logi
sts
use
safe
ty h
arne
sses
whi
lst
digg
ing
on p
reca
rious
clif
f top
s; s
urve
yors
tes
t th
eir
fear
s of
hei
ghts
; and
a
rese
arch
er tr
avel
s to
Sca
ndin
avia
to fi
nd c
rafts
men
wor
king
on
turf
roof
s.
Con
clus
ion
Und
erst
andi
ng th
e un
ique
arc
hite
ctur
e an
d he
ritag
e of
St K
ilda,
and
con
serv
ing
its re
lic c
ultu
ral l
ands
cape
, will
prov
ide
insi
ghts
into
livi
ng w
ith
extr
eme
wea
ther
.
Bio
gra
phy
Wor
king
for
The
Nat
iona
l Tru
st f
or S
cotla
nd a
s th
e ar
chae
olog
ist
post
ed o
n S
t K
ilda,
Sam
anth
a D
enni
s pl
ays
a vi
tal r
ole
in c
onse
rvin
g th
e cu
ltura
l her
itage
of t
he u
niqu
e is
land
set
ting.
Th
e S
treetw
ise A
sia F
un
d
Eliz
abet
h V
ines
Ab
stra
ct
The
Str
eetw
ise
Asi
a Fu
nd fo
r H
erita
ge C
onse
rvat
ion
has
been
est
ablis
hed
with
the
sup
port
of t
he U
NE
SC
O R
egio
nal A
dvis
or fo
r C
ultu
re in
A
sia
and
the
Pac
ific.
The
fund
aim
s to
pro
vide
cul
tura
lly a
ppro
pria
te e
duca
tion
faci
litie
s an
d he
ritag
e pr
ogra
ms
for c
hild
ren
in u
rban
and
rura
l ar
eas
in A
sia,
and
see
ks to
incr
ease
the
finan
cial
sus
tain
abilit
y of
Asi
a’s
uniq
ue h
erita
ge, f
or p
rese
nt a
nd fu
ture
gen
erat
ions
. Th
e fu
nd a
ssis
ts
with
the
cons
erva
tion
of tr
aditi
onal
edu
catio
nal b
uild
ings
in w
ays
whi
ch p
rom
ote
a di
vers
ity o
f her
itage
trad
ition
s. I
t est
ablis
hes
a fra
mew
ork
for
loca
l com
mun
ities
to o
btai
n ad
ditio
nal f
unds
from
gov
ernm
ent,
dono
r o
rgan
isat
ions
and
the
priv
ate
sect
or.
Lookin
g f
orw
ard
to lookin
g b
ack
Deb
orah
Gra
zian
o an
d Ju
liet M
eyer
Ab
stra
ct
As
the
first
of m
any
field
exc
ursi
ons
to c
ome,
the
JCU
hon
ours
pro
gram
me
bega
n th
e pr
oces
s of
reco
rdin
g an
d su
rvey
ing
the
Her
vey
Ran
ge
Roa
d (T
owns
ville
/Thu
ringo
wa)
as
the
first
par
t of a
long
-ter
m a
rcha
eolo
gica
l pro
ject
. Th
is o
ngoi
ng p
roje
ct is
led
by N
igel
Cha
ng a
nd S
helle
y G
reer
of
JCU
and
will
be c
ontin
ued
by s
ubse
quen
t ho
nour
s st
uden
ts f
rom
JC
U u
ntil
com
plet
ion.
The
Her
vey
Ran
ge R
oad
was
vita
l to
E
urop
ean
sett
lem
ent o
f the
tabl
elan
ds, a
nd p
rovi
ded
a ro
ute
for
both
set
tlers
and
sup
plie
s. O
ur p
oste
r w
ill pr
esen
t a lo
ok a
t the
JC
U s
urve
y as
it c
oinc
ides
with
oth
er im
port
ant s
ites
incl
udin
g th
e E
urek
a H
otel
and
the
Ran
ge H
otel
that
are
‘str
ung
like
pear
ls’ a
long
the
road
. We
will
disc
uss
the
proj
ect
with
in a
‘H
erita
ge T
rail’
con
cept
, an
d w
ill in
clud
e th
e be
nefit
s an
d po
ssib
le d
raw
back
s of
pre
serv
ing
the
Her
vey
Ran
ge
Roa
d as
a H
erita
ge T
rail
to in
rela
tion
to it
s im
port
ance
to a
rcha
eolo
gy, t
ouris
m, e
duca
tion
and
hist
oric
al p
rese
rvat
ion.
Bio
grap
hy
Bot
h Ju
liet a
nd D
ebor
ah a
re p
rese
ntly
com
plet
ing
thei
r ho
nour
s in
arc
haeo
logy
and
are
bot
h su
perv
ised
by
Dr
John
Cam
pbel
l
4445
Rediscovering
Queensland’s
Heritage
The
Qu
ee
nsl
an
d G
ove
rnm
en
t is
wo
rkin
g w
ith
th
e c
om
mu
nit
y to
pro
tect
ou
r h
eri
tage
fo
r cu
rre
nt
an
d f
utu
re
Qu
ee
nsl
an
de
rs.
The
En
viro
nm
en
tal P
rote
ctio
n A
gen
cy
ha
s co
mm
en
ced
a m
ult
i-m
illi
on
do
lla
r
Sta
te-w
ide
Su
rve
y o
f H
eri
tage
Pla
ces.
Ove
r th
e n
ext
th
ree
ye
ars
it w
ill r
oll
ou
t
acr
oss
th
e s
tate
to
ide
nti
fy a
nd
pro
tect
he
rita
ge s
ign
ific
an
ce.
The
$5
mil
lio
n L
ivin
g B
uil
din
gs
an
d P
lace
s h
eri
tage
gra
nt
pa
cka
ge
ha
s b
ee
n in
tro
du
ced
to
su
pp
ort
pri
vate
pro
pe
rty
ow
ne
rs a
nd
com
mu
nit
y g
rou
ps.
Alo
ng
wit
h a
n a
dd
itio
na
l $5
mil
lio
n
all
oca
ted
fo
r re
sto
rin
g m
ark
ers
an
d
mo
nu
me
nts
, th
is is
th
e m
ost
an
y
Qu
ee
nsl
an
d G
ove
rnm
en
t h
as
com
mit
ted
fo
r p
rese
rvin
g t
he
The
En
viro
nm
en
tal P
rote
ctio
n A
gen
cy
an
d t
he
Qu
ee
nsl
an
d H
eri
tage
Co
un
cil
are
ple
ase
d t
o b
e a
sso
cia
ted
wit
h t
he
20
07
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stra
lia
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arlin
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Crui
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Term
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als
CAIR
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PLA
NA
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DIG
GE
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TR
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LAK
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TR
EE
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AIR
PO
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McKENZIE STREET
CHARLES STREET
UPWARDS STREET
HILMAN ST
FLORENCE STREET
APLIN STREET MULGRAVE ROAD
GATTON
THOMAS STREET
GROVE STREET
MILNE
STREET
SHIELDS
SPENCE STREET
HARTLET STREET
STREET
ST
AB
BO
TT
ST
RE
ET
WHARF STREET
ES
PLA
NA
DE
LAK
E S
TR
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Shop
ping
Cen
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& Ra
ilway
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WA
TE
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TR
EE
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The
Pier
Casi
no
Libr
ary
Hall
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Conv
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nCe
ntre
M
arke
ts
Cairn
s Ci
vic
Cent
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Nigh
t M
arke
ts
4849
Queensland the Smart State
in Queensland
We’re working toadapt to and
mitigateclimate change
#28
310
www.climatechange.qld.gov.au
The Department of Natural Resources and Water (NRW) is delighted to sponsor the ICOMOS 2007, Extreme Heritage Conference.
The Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence (QCCCE) is a specialist unit within NRW established to help Queensland adapt to and mitigate climate change. The QCCCE’s purpose is to provide strategic whole-of-government policy advice and information about climate change that is used and valued by decision makers across Queensland.