2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Green fluorescent protein, GFP

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Osamu Shimomura Jellyfish/bioluminescence

Purified and characterized GFP (1974)

Marty Chalfie

Obtained the GFP gene (gfp) clone from Prasher in 1992.

Made promoter::GFP And Promoter::GFP::Gene expression vectors to show the When and where genes are expressed.

Roger Tsien

Figured out how GFP glows

Made variants with different colors

2008 Nobel Prize in Chemistry the other guys

Douglas Prasher The first person to realize the potential of GFP as a tracer molecule.

Cloned GFP in 1992!

Sergey A. Lukyanov

Identified and cloned GFP-like proteins in corals

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GFP

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JellyfishAequorea victoria

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Aequorea victoria photoorgans

GFP

Figure 2. Fluorescence excitation (full-line curve) and emission (dashed curve) spectra of native GFP from Aequorea victoria (Tsien et al., 1998).

nm

GFPMSKGEELFTGVVPVLVELDGDVNGQKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLNFICTTGKLPV

PWPTLVTTFSYGVQCFSRYPDHMKQHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTIFYKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLVNRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKMEYNYNSHNVYIMGDKPKNGIKVNFKIRHNIKDGSVQLADHYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMILLEFVTAARITHGMDELYK

1 atgagtaaag gagaagaact tttcactgga gtggtcccag ttcttgttga attagatggc

61 gatgttaatg ggcaaaaatt ctctgtcagt ggagagggtg aaggtgatgc aacatacgga

121 aaacttaccc ttaattttat ttgcactact gggaagctac ctgttccatg gccaacactt

181 gtcactactt tctcttatgg tgttcaatgc ttctcaagat acccagatca tatgaaacag

241 catgactttt tcaagagtgc catgcccgaa ggttatgtac aggaaagaac tatattttac

301 aaagatgacg ggaactacaa gacacgtgct gaagtcaagt ttgaaggtga tacccttgtt

361 aatagaatcg agttaaaagg tattgatttt aaagaagatg gaaacattct tggacacaaa

421 atggaataca actataactc acataatgta tacatcatgg gagacaaacc aaagaatggc

481 atcaaagtta acttcaaaat tagacacaac attaaagatg gaagcgttca attagcagac

541 cattatcaac aaaatactcc aattggcgat ggccctgtcc ttttaccaga caaccattac

601 ctgtccacac aatctgccct ttccaaagat cccaacgaaa agagagatca catgatcctt

661 cttgagtttg taacagctgc taggattaca catggcatgg atgaactata caaa

Figure 3. The tertiary structure of GFP, displaying its can-like shape with the α-helix, containing the chromophore, threading up through the can. (Brejc et al., 1997)

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GFP color variants

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Have altered absorbsion/emission spectra.

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