2008 Study Guide for Chapter 19, Protists2008 Study Guide for Chapter 19, Protists

General Characteristics of protists Animal-like protists: heterotrophs

– Protozoa 4 phyla Characteristics

– Movement, contractile vacuole– Any light sensory adaptations– Body plan characteristics – Any with shells—what shell is made of

General life cycle of plasmodium\relate to malaria

Fungus-like protists– Spores– Some aboeboid-like movement– heterotrophs

Plant-Like protists Unicellular Phytoplankton plankton

base of food chain, oxygendinoflagellates

Red tides/neurotoxins/algae bloom Euglena—mixotroph Oxygen and food importance (base of aquatic food chain)

Multicellular algae--seawead– Names of 3 phylum– Main pigments in each– Which is most like land plants and why– Cold\warm water; deep water?; any used commercially

MISC. TERMINOLOGY: Heterotroph Autotroph mixotroph Contractile vacuole Eyespot Spore Malaria

– plasmodium– Female Anopholes mosquito

Red tides. Dinoflagellates, algae bloom Symbiont—termite & symbiont protist

HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTSHETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS

CHAPTER 19 PROTISTSCHAPTER 19 PROTISTS

Major groups– Characteristics– Ecological Niches– Human Diseases

Major source of oxygen!!!

What is a protist?What is a protist?

EukaryotesUnicellular and multicellular**The only kingdom of eukaryotes with

both autotrophs and heterotrophsMost diverse of all kingdomsMostly aquatic

Protist VarietyProtist Variety

Animal-like—ProtozoaPlant-like—AlgaeFungus like-Water molds and Slime Molds

Evolutionary RelationshipsEvolutionary RelationshipsAncestors of

– Fungi AnimaliaAnd

–Plant Kingdoms

Animal-likAnimal-likProtozoaProtozoa HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS HETEROTROPHIC PROTISTS

The Plant-like are Autotrophic The Plant-like are Autotrophic ProtistsProtists

Homework-due WednesdayHomework-due Wednesday

19.1: #2,4,519.3: #119.2: #1

Protozoa animal-like protists-Protozoa animal-like protists-““FIRST ANIMALSFIRST ANIMALS””

65, 000 KINDSPredators or ParasitesA few cause disease in humansCategorized Based On Type of Locomotion4 main groups

4 Protozoa Groups (Phyla):

1. Rhizopoda (sarcodina) (pseudopods)

2. Zoomastigina (flagellated)

3. Ciliophora (cilliates)

4. Sporozoa (Complex life cycle)

Phylum Rhizopoda Phylum Rhizopoda (sarcodina)(sarcodina)

AmoebasMostly marineAsexual reproduction

Heterotrophspseudopods

AmoebaAmoeba

2 groups of amoebas have 2 groups of amoebas have shellsshells

MarineExtend pseudopods through shells

1. Foraminiferans– Calcium carbonate shells– Foraminiferan tests build up and – form limestone or chalk – (e.g. White Cliffs of Dover)

::White Cliffs of Dover White Cliffs of Dover

22. Phylum . Phylum ZoomastiginaZoomastigina

Movementflagella Whip from side to sideSome parasites, some

helpful

Trichonympha : symbiont in termite gut, digests cellulose

Covered with flagella.

3. Phylum Ciliophora3. Phylum Ciliophora

Cilia: Short, hair-like structures

– movement, feeding

Cilia-beat in synchronized fashion

Example: ParameciumExample: ParameciumMultinucleated

Oral Groove

Gullet

Anal Pore

-Contractile vacuole

ParameciumParameciumReproduction

– Usually asexually-divide crosswise– Also sexual via Conjugation; exchange genetic

material., separate, then each divides in two Low food supply or poor environmental conditions

4. Phylum Sporozoa4. Phylum SporozoaProduce sporesParasitesComplex life cycleAdults have no form of movement

Diseases Caused by SporozoansDiseases Caused by Sporozoans

Malaria--Plasmodium

Toxoplasmosis

Malarial organism: Malarial organism: PlasmodiumPlasmodium

Transmitted by FEMALE Anopheles mosquito.

Complex life cycle: 2 hosts

Sexual reproduction in mosquito–Lives part in humans (mammals)

Asexual reproduction-in mammals-spores

Transmission of Transmission of Plasmodium & life cyclePlasmodium & life cycle

19.2 Algae: Plant-like Protists19.2 Algae: Plant-like ProtistsSingle-celled and Multi-celledSingle-celled and Multi-celled

All are Photosynthetic – Some Unicellular- planktonic– Some Multicellular- 3 phyla –The Seaweeds

All Contain chlorophyll—as well as other photosynthetic pigments used to classify Multicellular

Phylum EuglenophytaPhylum Euglenophyta UNIQUE--Both plant and

animal-like characteristics--may be heterotrophic –

Photosynthesis– chloroplasts– Photosensitive Eyespot

Contractile vacuole Flagella freshwater

Single-celled algae :Single-celled algae : The The phytophytoplanktonplankton

Drift on/in waters– Shelled:

The Diatoms and Dinoflagellates

– No shells—single-celled Chlorophyta

DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates

Cell walls – thick cellulose plates2 flagellaMost marineSome produce toxins-neurotoxinRed tides

Phylum ChlorophytaPhylum Chlorophyta

Single-celled green algae

Ancestors of all land plantsFreshwater and marineFur of slow moving animals– tree slothsChlorophyll A & B; cellulose, starch

Multicellular algae--SeaweedMulticellular algae--Seaweed

Accessory pigments distinguish themStructure

– Thallus—the body– Holdfast( anchor)

Multicellular green algae- Multicellular green algae- 1. Phylum Chlorophyta1. Phylum Chlorophyta

Most like true plants:

Like land plants- they have: cellulose, starch, chlorophyll A & B

2. Phylum Rhodophyta2. Phylum Rhodophyta

Phychobilin pigment deep water –Uses: –1.Carageenan from cell wall

–Used as Food thickener and stabilizer

2.sushi wrapper (Nori)–3.Agar-Micro labs

3.Phylum Phaeophyta3.Phylum Phaeophyta Brown algae

– Marine; cold water like Pacific Ocean

Fucoxanthin-brown pigment

Kelp-largest (Pacific) Sargasum ( common

in Atlantic)

Fungus-Like ProtistsFungus-Like Protists

Reproduce by sporesheterotrophic

Water MoldsWater Molds Also cause disease in fish

B. Downy MildewB. Downy Mildew

Many plant diseases Irish potato famine

– Blight 0f 1840’s