2009-03 access to judicial information report r-g 5_open society initiative, uk

8/20/2019 2009-03 Access to Judicial Information Report R-G 5_Open Society Initiative, UK

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DRAFT OF MARCH 2009

R EPORT ON ACCESS TO JUDICIAL INFORMATION

March 2009


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................... i

COUNTRY SUMMARIES....................................................................................................................... 1

AUSTRALIA............................................................................................................................ 1

BELGIUM............................................................................................................................... 4

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA................................................................................................... 5

CANADA................................................................................................................................ 7

CROATIA............................................................................................................................. .10

THE EUROPEAN UNION........................................................................................................ 12

IRELAND.............................................................................................................................. 1

ISRAEL................................................................................................................................ .14

!APAN.................................................................................................................................. 17

NE" ZEALAND.................................................................................................................... 21

SOUTH AFRICA.................................................................................................................... 22

SPAIN.................................................................................................................................. 24

S"EDEN.............................................................................................................................. 25

TUR#EY............................................................................................................................... 2$

UNITED #INGDOM............................................................................................................... .2%

UNITED STATES................................................................................................................... 0

CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................................. 7


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INTRODUCTION1

A&&'(( )* +,-i&i/ '&*-( - )* i*3)i* *,) )' +,-i&i6 i( i3*))8 6') *)'*'/**:'-8 ('&) * )('&6 - &&'(( )* i*3)i*. "i/' 3,& /';i(/)i' -(&*//6 ))')i* ( *&,('- * *3*)i; ''-*3 * i*3)i* - &&'(( )* '&*-( ') M'/)>'8 M;') S. M**'8- A D'S' "i/'(8 &,') * *3' ((*&i)'( * R*'( G6 LLP. S- C*/i' * )' !,()i&' Ii)i)i'*i-'- (*3' &*33')( * i*,( -)(.

2 D,' P*&'(( * L< F*,-)i*8 Disclosing Justice: A study on access to judicial information in Latin America8!,' 2007 ''i)' DPLF S),-68 available at ))JJ


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T' )i- &)';*6 '&*3(('( i*3)i* *,) +,-;'(. Ti( &)';*6 i&/,-'( i*3)i**,) (/i'(8 '(*/ i&'( (,& ( -')( - i'()3')(8 &&i'(8 -i(&i/i6 3))'(8- ('/'&)i* * +,-;'(. T' ('&*- - )i- &)';*i'( * i*3)i* ' &*''- )* /'((''=)') ) )' i() &)';*6 i )i( '*).

%i!i#g Pri#ci&"es of J!icia" Tra#s&are#c'

A(


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i38 i&*33,i&-*8 ) i( *3'. F*//*'(8 *)'()( 6/


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i*/' +,-;i;8 (,& (


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I )' -')'3i)i* * 6 &i3i/ &;' ;i() i38 * * i( i;)( - */i;)i*(i (,i) ) /'( )* ','() - '&'i' i*3)i* *,) )'i;*'3') i( i)/ )* )('&6 - &&*,)i/i)68 '( )* &&'(( -8 i (*3' &('(8 &*33') ,* ;*'3')?'/- i*3)i* '&'( '('&) * )' ;*'3')8 '&*,;'( &*3/i&'


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I (*3' &*,)i'(8 (,& ( E&,-*8 I('/8 M'=i&* - P38 ''-*3 * i*3)i*/';i(/)i* '=/i&i)/6 /i'( )* ) /'() (*3' )6'( * i*3)i* '/- 6 )' +,-i&i6. Ti(8*


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COUNTRY SUMMARIES

AUSTRALIA

T' &,') /';i(/)i' 3'


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)i( *&'(( ',i'3') i( *)


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H*


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A,()/i &*,)( ;''//6 ' '+'&)'- )' '=i()'&' * &*33* /< i;) )* &&'(( +,-i&i/'&*-(8 '=&') ' 3*/( * *-'.49

))JJ


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S)),)*6 - C(' L<

A 1994 '-'/ /< &//'- )' L< * )' i;) * &&'(( )* -3ii())i' -*&,3')( '/- 6'-'/ ,/i& ,)*i)i'( //*';*i -*)'- )' F''-*3 * A&&'(( )* I*3)i* A&)8 ';*i ,/i('- ;,i-&' -*&,3')5$ - '()/i('- "' (i)' * )' ,/i&)i*

* &*,) -'&i(i*( - *)' +,-i&i/ i*3)i*.

57

T' "' (i)' *i-'( )) i*3)i* i50 L*i -, 11 i/ 1994 '/)i' / ,/i&i) -' /K-3ii())i*. M*-i'' L*i 25 !,i 199% ') L*i 2$ !,i 20008available at ))JJ


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'&*-( ,-' )' &*)*/ * )' C*()i),)i*/ C*,) (// ' &&'((i/' )* )' ,/i& i&&*-&' ';*i@

•


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A/)*,; )' C-i C*()i),)i* -*'( *) *i-' )' ,/i&


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*i-'( )) &*,) '&*-( '/)i; )* 'i;( ';-i; I)')i*/ R'/)i*( - N)i*/D''&' - N)i*/ S'&,i)6 ' &*i-')i/.$$ U-' )' Ci3i/ C*-'8 O'&'( A;i())' P'(* - R',))i*8 )' +,6 - ,/i& ' '=&/,-'- *3 'i;( *


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D*&,3')( (,+'&) )* ('/i; *-' )'(' ' ' &*) ' i('&)'- 6 )' ,/i&8 i&/,-i;3'3'( * )' 3'-i - -*&,3'))i* ')ii; )* &('( (,+'&) )* ,/i&)i* 36' i('&)'-.77 T' C*,) 36 i3*(' ,/i&)i* * )' 3'-i )* *)'&) )' i&6 *i&)i3( -


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A/)*,; )' S,'3' C*,) i()*i&//6 ( *) - *3/ */i&6 ';-i; &&'(( )* &*,)'&*-(8 i) i( &*(i-'i; -*)i; */i&6 i /i;) * )' C-i !,-i&i/ C*,&i/K('&*33'-)i*(.%0

CROATIA

I )' /() (''/ 6'(8 C*)i ( 3-' (i;ii&) ()i-'( )* *i-' ,/i& &&'(( )* +,-i&i/'&*-(. L';i(/)i* '&)'- i 2008 *i-'( )' ,/i&


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i)*-,&'- )' '?P*)/ * )' Mii()6 * !,()i&'8


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E,*' C*33,i)6 T')6 - )' P,/i& A&&'(( R';,/)i*

A)i&/' 255 * )' E,*' C*33,i)6 T')68 ( 3'-'- 6 )' T')6 * A3()'-3 )'T')68 -'&/'( )) 6 &i)i>' * )' Ui*8 - 6 ),/ * /';/ '(* '(i-i; *i; i)( ';i()''- *i&' i M'3' S))'8 (// ' i;) * &&'(( )* -*&,3')(8

)''6 '()/i(i; )' i&i/' * ,/i& &&'(( )* E,*' P/i3')8 C*,&i/ -C*33i((i* -*&,3')(.90

T' ())i; *i) * ,-'()-i; )' /';/ 3'


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-'&/'( (''3i;/6


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T' i;) * &i)i>'( )* '&'i' i*3)i* *3 )' ;*'3')


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3;'3')@ * i( * '&**3i& /,' * )* '. 120 I

:''i; '- */6 )* /i3i)'- '=)'). O''()i3)'( * )' ,3' * ','()( ))


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)' &')/i>'- -i&' - ((i()&' *i;i//6 'i(i*'-. 12$ Tii; * &ii/ (')( (*/6 *&&,'- )' /i&)i*( 6'. O )*('8 *,) 20


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!'(' S,'3' C*,) '=-'- )' i)''))i* * A)i&/' 21 )* i&/,-' i;) )* :*


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A 2005 T*:6* Hi; C*,) ,/i; 'i*&'- )) )' !'(' FOIA -*'( *) /6 )* )' +,-i&i6. Hi((i M,)*8 i)' &i)i>'8 (*,;) )* ,(' )' !'(' FOIA /< i 2001 )*','() )) !K( S,'3' C*,) '/'(' *, -*&,3')(8 i&/,-i; )' 3i,)'( * !,/6 197$3'')i; * )' S,'3' C*,) +,()i&'(


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C*,)K( S'&')6 Dii(i* i -'6i; -i(&/*(,' * )' 3'')i;K( &*)')(


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N'< Z'/-K( Oi&i/ I*3)i* A&) 19%2 )' OIA i&**)'( )' i&i/' )) //*i&i/ i*3)i* (*,/- ' ,/i&/6 i//'.151 A/)*,; )' OIA -*'( *) /6 )* )' +,-i&i68 )' N'< Z'/- C*,) * A'/ ( '/- )) )' i&i/'( * )' OIA - i)(3'i; )'


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S*,) Ai&( C*()i),)i* *i-'( )' ,/i&


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T'' '( )* ' * (i;ii&) &(' /< i S*,) Ai& -'/i;


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SPAIN

T' Si( C*()i),)i* - Si( /< *i-' * ,/i& i;) * &&'(( )* *()?-'&i(i*/ +,-i&i/ -*&,3')(. T' &*,)(8 '=&') * )' C*()i),)i*/ C*,) '( ('- * )' 1992 L< *

R,/'( * P,/i& A-3ii())i*.

174

H*


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C*()i),)i*/ L<

T' S


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Si&' )' 200 '&)3') * )' L< * Ri;) )* I*3)i*8 T,:i( &i)i>'( ' '+*6'- i;) )* &&'(( ;*'3')/ i*3)i*8 i&/,-i; +,-i&i/ i*3)i*. C')i +,-i&i/'&*-( '/)i; )* &i3i/ *&''-i;( ' ,i//'8 *


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'(*(' )* ','() * i)' i*3)i* *,) i-ii-,/ 36 ' '/'- )* )' C*,&i/8,) *) )* )' &*,)(.1%9

C*,) P&)i&'

!,-i&i/ &(' /< i T,:'6 i( i&i8 A uide to the ur%ish $ublic La* (rder and Legal &esearch S'. 200$8 available at))JJ


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R';,/)i*( 2004 *i-' ,/i& i;) * &&'(( )* 'i*3')/ i*3)i* '/- 6 )'&*,)( ';-i; )'i -3ii())i*.19$

A&&'(( )* !,-i&i/ I*3)i*

England

T' ,/'( * &&'(( )* +,-i&i/ *&''-i;( ' i3i/6 '()/i('- 6 )' &*,)( - ' /i-*,) i )' Cii/ P*&'-,' R,/'(8 )' Ci3i/ P*&'-,' R,/'(8 - *)' &*,) ,/'(.

U-' )' Cii/ P*&'-,' R,/'(8 *?)6 36 *)i *3 )' &*,) &*i'( * ())'3')* &('8 ,) *) 6 -*&,3')( i/'-


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!,-;3')( *3 )' Cii/ - Ci3i/ Dii(i*( * )' C*,) * A'/8 - *3 )'A-3ii())i' C*,)8 ('/'&)'- 6 )' +,-;' &*&''-8 ' i//' * '' * )' Bi/iiBi)i( - Ii( L';/ I*3)i* I()i),)' -)(' * *3 )' &*,).204 H*,(' * L*-( +,-;3')( (i&' N*'3' 199$ ' i//' * )' H*,(' * L*-(


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,/i& ( /*; '' /' )* ))'- &i3i/ )i/( - )) )'(' )i/( 3,() ' *' )* )' ,/i&,/'(( &*,) & )i&,/)' &*3'//i; i)''() * &/*(,'. I &ichmond8 )' S,'3' C*,)'/- )) )' i;) )* ))'- &i3i/ )i/( i( i3/i&i) i )' ;,)''( * )' Fi() A3'-3'))* )' U.S. C*()i),)i*@


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M*'*'8 ) /'() *' ())' &*()i),)i*[C/i*i[&*)i( '*&'/' i&6 i;).217 A C/i*i '//)' &*,) ( '/- )) )i( i;) * i&6 ),3( )' ,/i&K( &&'(( )*&')i '/'&)*i& &i3i/ *&''-i; i*3)i*.21% T' 0estbroo% -'&i(i* *i-'( i &*-' * // i-ii-,/( ;i()


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I )' ())' * N'< H3(i'8 '(,3)i* '=i()( )) // &*,) '&*-( ' (,+'&) )* ,/i&i('&)i*.225 T' N'< H3(i' +,-i&i6 i'


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M6 U.S. ())'(8 i&/,-i; C*'&)i&,)821 I-i822 M6/-82 Mi'(*)824 -V'3*)825 ' i '&') 6'( ,/i('- (),-i'( ';-i; ,/i& &&'(( )* +,-i&i/ '&*-(.

ommon La*

A( '(,/) * )' /&: * &*()i),)i*/ - ()),)*6 /'- &*33* /< i;) )* &&'(( )'(''&*-(8 ,) '/- )) ''6 &*,) ( (,'i(*6 *


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)'' i( &*3'//i; i)''() i ('/i; )' *&''-i;( - )) )'' i( * /'(( '()i&)i'3')*- * *)'&)i; )i( i)''().241

E/'&)*i& A&&'(( )* C*,) R'&*-(

T' ,/i&K( i/i)6 )* &&'(( +,-i&i/ '&*-( i'(


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A--i)i*//68 F/*i-K( i)'i3 '/'&)*i& &&'(( */i&6 //*


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CONCLUSIONS

Ti( '*) '; 6 /i()i; &')i ;*/( )) (*,/- ' &*(i-''-


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&*,)8 - )'' i( /&: * &/i)6 i )' /


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/;,;'(.2$2 T' E,*' Ui* ',i'( )) +,-;3')( * )' C*,) * !,()i&' (// ' '-i *' &*,).2$

. H'i;(JTi/(

H'i;( (*,/- ' *' )* )' ,/i&8


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C( I#for$atio# a+ot J!ges

Fi//68 ATI /< (*,/- *i-' * &&'(( )* i*3)i* *,) +,-;'(.

A i3*)) '/'3') * )' 'i&i') - i -3ii())i* * +,()i&' i( )* ' )' +,-i&i6i-''-') *3 *) *)' '( * ;*'3') e.g.8 )' '='&,)i' & - i)'i/,'&'( e.g.8 i'(. T'' i( *< ;*


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&*) ' i)i/6 /i'-. L()/68 )' /< (*,/- ):' i)* &&*,) *< i)

2009-03 access to judicial information report r-g 5_open society initiative, uk

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